Evening Star Newspaper, March 21, 1896, Page 18

Pe “THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY. MARCH 21, 1896--TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. CROSSING THE FRONTIER. ON ‘THE FRONTIER Terrors of Smuggling in the Franco- Belgian Boréer. POLICE DoGS AND OUTLAW Des + The Result of Belgian Free Trade and French Protection. VADING POPULATION ee LAW- ndence of The Eveniag Star. BAIX, France, March 10, 1896. T HES FACTORY cities of the north do not look French. Their populations of quarrelsome, loud, hard-drinking work- ingmen appear to have another way of living. Strange names are read on shop signs; strange food is eaten in the restan- rants, and a foreign manner marks the people. Here the chman appears to put off that whip- 1 of a school mastering that fol- y. bre he grows more rebust—mor we would say at home. workingman character of the uegeraies 3 impre: nd Tourcoing form the ce! atstrict which has quad “western,” as its inhabitants in the past Far beyond their s factory $ spread bs of the Belgian towns cron is a Belgian in is French, nm ma) were it not for frontier without knowing it the nier or gabelou, the soldier of the French cu: ‘To speak of “a tision. The whole front picket line of untiring sol: an free trade asainst Fr t atriotism sapped by the love of gain, lence encouraged by border immun: the magic of contraband alc: incense of contraband tobacc f to the conscie —these are the factors of a never frontier struggle. Baits to Tempt Him. ant temptation for the idle, asure-loving young factory workman of coing to throw up his ill-paid job and go into the ser of the smugglers. Wine, song and feminine loveliness are used as baits to tempt him. In every one of t rder towns re are esta 0 to anetify of the workingman ending ye of beauty for-his bold resolve. othing to prevent his walking day to join the iness-principled with ¢ on with the it does not false bustles Undervatua- tions and false declarath or may not be also rife, but they are hardly smuggling. al and important smuggling of te- larm at Night. fay along the Belgian border is done whole- sale, and without connivance of officials. The men who actually run the gauntlet with the goods are only the paid tools of mysterious backers,.after all. They have adventure and a life of debauch, but the profits go to more respectable citizens. All the ng men know is that they are to meet at such-and-such a place in Belgium, be loaded, safely cross the line by night, and he received where money, joy and flattery await them. The money is soon spent with these same companions, {n these same es- tablishments. Then they must begin again. Their case is scarcely different from that of the bamboozled dogs empioyed by indi- vidual or retail smugglers. The dog is walk- ed back and forth from F He has a master at each en y. Only his Bel er whips and underfeeds him, while his French mas- ter pampers and caresses him. So when his Belgiar master loads him with a pack of goods he watches curning:y. He knows the stupid man will soon inadvertently leave the hous? door open. Then the smart dog will slip out stealthily and run on through the night to France, where savory mes warmth and love await him. Police and Smuggler Dogs. The bands of organized sinnzglers also move by night. Each man is loaded with a great pack of contraband goods on his back. The pack is heavy, yet fleetness of foot is essential to “make the run,” how- ever short it may be. Here comes on the scene a very different kind of dog. He ts no foolish tool. He is a determined law In contact | | non-commissioned officers get scarcely more i | | | | ness but, walking ; ready to make their examinations. 7 breaker. He is a smuggler dog, an evil doer, an enemy of soldiers and police. He is all of this, but honor must be done to his strength, his courage, his devotion and his sagacity. He ts elways a powerful beast, because he must pull his master along and so accelerate the speed. This is half his duty, but his other business is to sniff and watch, to warn his masters of the neigh- borhood of the police dogs and their mas- ters. ‘These police dogs are of yet another moral rature. Where all the smuggler dog’s sym- pathies are against the law and its min- ions, the yolice dogs are the guardians of the frontier, the defenders of the fiscal statutes. Between the two tribes there ts undying eamity and infinite disdain. To the third and fourth generation the: de- scendants of smuggler dogs fail to become good police dogs, and vice versa, such is the force of heredity. And romantic mar- riages between police and smuggler dogs— of rare oceasion--end badly. It is the duty of each race of dogs to smell out the other in the night and give timely warning to their masters. The cus- toms soldiers may be bfyouacking any- where beneath the stars. They form a line along the whole frontier. They are honest, Lying in Wait. ill-psid French soldiers promoted to this special where a duty which often fore teep out twenty nights rded by a pittance of h food and clothing. The 50 cents a day. ¥ sergeants 6) cents a day and brigadiers The service unites all the ineon- venience of police work and military dis: cipline. me of war the gabelou is the first to e fire. His corps is charged, imme- rece diately ing of hostilities, with the defe idges and tunn the blowing up of the same in case ef reed, with the lance of telegrapn lines and the maintenance of communic ist) it was In noming, # he was the Frenchmen to fail und : Prussian fire. time of peace these guardians o{ the fran- tier work 4 out of the 720 hours com- prised in a month. On the Watch. They pass their days and nights in am- tions in the flelds and oups of twos and three, ae- their dogs, they wili camp nignt after night. Night fails and the men sle>p. Rut one of their is always on the alert. Attention! The subtle senses of the beast perceive an odor or a distant murmur. The intelligent animal proceeds to grow! i nose against his ma : him. The sentinel awakes, the dark country rcund. Out of the -lark- there loom four shadows, ina or in the form of act smugglers, and the soldier akens hi panion. It i fon now whether the smugzte dogs will be equal to the far more difficult « of locating the ambush suardiaas in time fer warning and escape. Sometimes the smugglers turn out to be a band of fifteen or twenty hoys of ten or thirteen years old. At the first warniag from tneir dogs they break ranks and kK to wake he questions indian file, The Dog Kennels. seatter in all directions. The soldiers do | Not dare to loose their own dogs on them, because of public opinion. It fs bad enougit when a full-grown man smuggler is shot or maimed. The good people of the frontier have tkeir sympathies. The children thus escape by their superior fleetness. But their employment in the business is looked on as dangerous, because they are so easily tempted to betray the cause. With adult smugglers there is always question of lighting when the pursuit grows hot. They will stab and shoot the guard- ians and their dogs. On their side the svardiars are forbidden to use firearms ex- cept to defend their lives.” The hand-to- hand struggle is, therefore. an unequal one, and the customs solffers must be picked men to hold their own. Their usual weapon is a knocking-out stick, which they use with great dexterity. The struggle is al- ways unequal, and the law is always suf- fering defeat. The “running” of the fron- tier by night fs no figurative expressi and many bands get through by mere fleet. nese of foot after being perceived. Afoot and With Teams. This smuggling afoot by night is the favorite practice, because it presents the most chances of success. In case of de- tection and chase, escape may often be ac- complished at the price of abandoning the merchandise. And when captures are made, there is less material evidence to incrimi- tate the real principals. A more bare- faced and dangerous form of breaking the frontier is that of fighting through with a team. The team approaches the customs house on a lonely local road. It ts full daytime, and there is nothing suspicious looking. The team slackens its speed, as if about to stop; the guardians come cut, But just at the critical moment two or three of them receive a dose of pepper in the eyes, the team starts off at a breakneck pace, and the remaining guardians find themselves covered with revolvers. Impu- dent and open vioience of this kind could never ke successful except among a popu- lation in half sympathy or whole conniv- ance with law breaking. Indeed, it is known that farmers lend their carts for | this purpose, and in return have the use of pee smugglers’ horses, “put to board” with em. There is no doubt that smuggling {| looked on leniently by the great mace of the population of the frontier. They argue to themselves that there is something ex- ceptional in their position. They are al- Ways the first and heaviest sufferers in case of war—therefore they should profit by their situation in time of peace, as is only just. Here in Roubaix contraband ch Bars, tobacco, matches and playing cards are almost openly sold in the streets and saloons. Many of. the saloomkeepers are politicians—municipal councillors, prefects, mayors, and even deputies, from time to time. And the saloon business fs the nat- nya ural friend of smuggling. It is almost as cheap for a traveling Parisian to. stop off at a frontier city like this and supply him- self with Havana cigars as to buy them up in free trade Belgium and run the risk of smuggling them across himself. All the commercial travelers and buyers who ren- dezvous.in Roubaix feel the temptation to -take away with them at least cigars and Ieces in good quantity. The great trade, nevertheless, consists in reshipping the merchandise in bulk to Paris. Retail Smuggling. In factory towns nearer still to the fron- tier, like Halluin, two other kinds of smug- gling, one wholesale, the other retail, are in daily and hourly practice. Night and morning Frenchmen cross the frontier to and from their work in Belgium factories, and Belgians pass in the same way be- tween their homes and French factories. ‘They take work where they find it—and Halluin {s half in Belgium, half in France. It is impossible to search these werking- men, women, boys and girls, hurrying in crowds to their work or suppers. They have no bundles and packages, for one thing. For another, a hundred would rush through while ten were being searched. And, lastly, the “liberty of circulation in the same commune,” guaranteed by treaty in the case of such border-straddling towns, would make inquiries into the des- tination of small retail supplies an endless and a fruitless complication. As it is, every one knows that packages of sugar, spices, tobacco, tea, coffee and bottles of spirits are being thus smuggled unceas- ingly. Indeed, it is notorious that not half the grocery stores of these remarkable bor- der towns sell anything but contraband If the law guarantees “liberty of lon’? for one street inside the bor- commune or ward, why should the next street pay duty—and the next—and the next—and so on till all that can be smuggled is used up. The working people gain a few cents daily, and they think they have a right to it. Yet the sum total of these petty depredations is as serious a robbing of the public revenue as of the public morals. In one respect the town of Halluin is unique. It has houses which are half in France and half in Belgium. The frontier was determined in 1815 by a “conventional ine” drawn on the map of Europe with the pen and ink of the conquerors of Na- poleon. As a matter of fact, this line was found to traverse hamlets, towns and even particular properties. So certain fields re- mained half French, half Belgian, without ceasing to belong to the same proprietor. It happened that only a few actual build- ings were thus cut through by the imag!- nary line; and as 1815 was a long while ago, nearly all such houses have passed away, never to be rebuilt. But it is easy to see how convenient they would be for Smuggling. When Smuggling Was Easy. The French law is of such a formal char- acter that it actually favored the illicit traffle that prevailed for twenty years in the house of Halluin. Its occupants for that space of time were open smugglers on a large scale, almost openly defying the au- thorities. They could enter whatever goods they pleased through the door of their Belgian domicile, and coolly move them out the door of their French domicile. The clause of the treaty guaraeteeing “liberty of circulation in the same commune” oper- ated: to shield them in a peculiar manner. There could be no preliminary inquiry as to the destination, bulk and number of packages entered into the Belgian doorway. The French authorities dared not cross the Belgian frontier to identify the packages. Once inside the house the packages were broken. The goods became practically Yrench—or, if not, they could be moved about in the same commune in small pack- ages freely. They were in this way freely circulated from one warehouse to another, and finally shipped away mixed with other goods. Identification was impossible. And they did a thriving trade. The illicit busi- My was broken up only a few years ago by a courageous, but unlawful seizure of persons, property and documents on the part of the customs director of Lille. The od. savored more of the Spanish ‘sition than of modern law routine, and Were utterly unjustified except by success. Proofs were obtained which seut the ring- leaders to jail, and the man of Lille was missed from his post—to be promoted in another line of public service. He had been uccessful. But had he unfortunately failed or made a slip, the daring customs’ director would have been politically. and officially ruined. The good people of the Franco-Bei- gian frontier have sympathy for smugglers. SREING HEILIG. goods. GERMAN MILITARY SERVICE. Entrance Into the Army Bnd the Cus- tom Regulating Promotions. From the k Herald. The German empire is formed by a con- federation of twenty-five states and the imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine. Its area is 211,149 square miles, and the num- ter of inhabitants (census of 1885) Is 46,- $52,680. Of this number every German male is able to military service between the ages of twenty and forty-fve years, except mem- bers of reigning or mediatized houses, the two latter classes, however, entering the military service voluntarily, almost without exception, Militarf service may be divided into active and Landsturm service. The period of ac- tive service is initiated by three years’ ser- vice with the colors, which begins the year the German youth completes his twentieth year. Next he goes, at twenty-three years Of age, to four years’ service with the re- serve. While thus enrolled he is liable to two trainings of not exceeding eight weeks each. From the reserve, at twenty-seven years of age, the soldier passes to the Land- wehr service in the first ban, or levy, last- ing for fiv rs, bringing him down to thirty-two years of age, while service in the second ban of the Landwehr, seven years longer, brings the soldier's age to thirty- nine. The Landwehr is intended, in time of war, to support the active army, but in emergencies may be used to fill the ranks of that army. The last division of the army is the Land- sturm, whose function it is to provide for the defense of the country, and, in extreme hecessity, to strengthen the army and navy. It consists of all males between the ages of seventeen and forty-five not belonging to the army and navy. The Landsturm forces receive no special training, but are required to wear a badge, so as to be easily recog- nized. There is also a special body of men who do not pass through the standing army, Lut are used to fill up the ranks of its units from time to time, called the Ersatz re- serve. It consists of men disqualified for military service for certain reasons, among which are family dependency, minor bodily defects and temporary physical disability. Appointments and Promotio During times of peace German officers are appointed from two sources—the corps of cadets, and from young men of education ard social standing who join the regiments as officer aspirants. Tie proportion of civil- ian appointees to cadet appointees is about three to one. Officers of the reserve and Landwehr are fernished from the officer aspirants quitting the active army, by officers transferred from the active list, and from men who have dis‘inguished themselves before the enemy. Promotion is not fixed by law, but by cus- tom. Up to the grade of captain promotion is habitually by seniority, but the emperor has unlimited power to promote meritorious officers. Above the grade of captain the rule of seniority 1s rarely departed from. Among field officers the rule is even carried to an extreme, for a field officer cannot be promoted to the next higher grade until all his seniors of the same grade in other arms have been promoted. But a regulation which makes this custom less rigorous is that pay and allowances go with command aswell as grade, s0 that a field officer in command of a regiment receives the pay and allowances of a colonel. Few officers fail.to reach the grade of battalion com- mander, but when they reach the top of the-Hst of field officers, whether they will be retained or overslaughed by an appoint- ment of the emperor becomes a questicn | of much moment to them. There .are no examinations for promotion, but each com- Pany officer must annually write an essay on some professional subject. Promotion is also based on confidential reports made an- nually by the regimental commander on the official and private record of all officers in his command. The duties of officers up to the rank of colonel are much the same as in our army, but the regimental com- n:ender’s duties are much more responsible, as he \s personally accountable for the clothing and equipage, and has much great- er freedom within his command. The high- er divieions of the army are the brigade, fe and corps, there being twenty army rps. “ unbiased Sweet Moments cigarettes best. Smokers fm thelr opiafoa pronounce 1 TRACING.A BULLET {4 Cy Alexander Grahim Bell Tella How It May Be -Done. SSeS 10) WHAT HAPPENED IN GARFIELIPS CASE Ben ‘Butterworth’s Conversations With Garfield and Sherman. CONVENTION OF 1880 (Copyrighted, 1896, by Frank G. Carpenter.) HE ‘X’* RAYS might have. saved Prasident Garfield’s life.” This statement has been frequently made within the past two weeks. It is said that the new pho- tography could have located the bullet; that it could have been taken out, and that Garfield could have gotten well. This is very doubtful. Dr. Frank Hamil- ton, who was the ehief surgeon in charge of Garfield, said that no one so wounded has ever recovered. The real story of the search for Garfield’§ bullet has never been told. It was kept out of the newspapers, and it is not generally known that a num- ber of experiments were made to locate it by electricity. The results were of no value to Garfield, but they brought out in- ventions which have been worth much to medical science. These inventions were made by Professor Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone. It was he who was giver. charge of the matier of lo- cating the bullet by electricity, and during a visit which I made to his laboratory he showed ms the instrument which was used for this purpose. It was a piece of mahogany beard of about ‘the size and shane of a flat- fron. It had a handle upon its top, and the bottom of the board was covered with green cloth. a Locating the Bullet. “That,” said Professor Bell, “is the in- strument with which we attempted to find the bullet in President Garfield's body. There is an electric coil inside that board, and it is so made that when the board is moved over anything in which there is lead or other metallic substances it will buzz. Now, if you held a bulletin your hand, and, having the proper electric connections, should rub this over the back of your hand, you would find that the board would make a loud buzzing noise, ard that it would buzz the loudest when just over the bullet. When Gartield was lying almost at the point of death with the bullet in his body, a number of inventions were proposed for locating the exact posi- tion of the bullet. Several inventions were sent here by electriclans to be tried. The matter of making the experiment was put into my hands. I inyented this balance, and we tested it, but failed.” . “How did you happen to fail, Mr. Bell,” said 1, “if the machine will locate the ex- istence of metal, as you describe?” “I will tell you,” replied Professor Rell. We took the balance to Garticld’s bedside, and Dr. Hamilton and myself tried it upon President Garfield. We moved it over his bedy. To our surprise, the instrument buzzed whenever it came near him. Ac- cording to {t, he was fuil of lead, and we gave the matter up in despair. It woxried me exceedingly. I could not see why the balance had acted as it had. But a day or in thinking about it, I came to sion that there must have been upon I in- metallic abo: the bed which President Garfield was lying. quired, and found that his matiress on a net of steel springs. It was the steel that made the machine buzz. We did not, however, try it again, and the matter was allowed to drop. The Invention a Success. “It was not long after this,” Mr. Bell continued, “that I tested the invention again, and this time successfully. It was in the case of an army officer. who had been shot in the neck. All attempts to Io- cate the bullet failed until we attempted to do it by electricity. We found, through this instrument, that the bullet lay under one of the ribs in the chest, and took it out. In locating the bullet we moved the instrument up and down the man’s hedy until we came to the point where it buzzed. We then drew two parallel lines up and down the chest on each side cf where the noise occurred. -We moved the balance back and forth across these lines un it came again to the point of buzzing, where we drew other lines at right a first, making a square, in which we thought was the bullet. We found the ball as soon as we probed for it. A report of our success was published in the surgical journals. I thought that the result would be a great demand for these instrumesits. I made a number of them, but no one seemed to want them, and they remained here until the death of Dr. Frank riamil- ton. Lr. Hamilton considered the mvention very valuable, but he died before he could take it up. At his death his chief a: told me _he would like to test the mstru- ment. He was connected with ene of the large New York hospitals. L went to New York to see him, and told him of our trou- ble with Garfield, and warned him that the patient must be removed from all metallic substances while the experiment was being made. g How an Old Soldier's Leg Wan Saved. “Soon after this,” continued Prof. Rell, “an old soldier was brought into the hos- pital. He had a very sore leg and there seemed to be no apparent reason for it. ‘The man had been shot in the leg during the civil war.. The ball had struck his shin bone, but it was thought to have glanced o¥. The wound soon healed and for twen- ty years the old soldier moved about on that leg without trouble. Then one day he stubbed his toe and the shock caused his limb to swell. It soon became as big as two legs, and the hospital surgeon said that his life could only be saved by its amputation. There seemed to be the shadow of a chance that there was a bul- let in his leg. The doctors told him so, but he insisted that there was no bullet, and that he knew that it had glanced off. He was told, however, that he would certainly lose his leg if there was no bullet, and that there might be a chance of saving it if it was found that he was mistaken. He then consented to any experiments the doc- tors might choose to' make. Well, they tried the instrument on him. The machine acted in the same way that it did when it was applied to Garfi#K. The man was evident- ly made of lead, and the electric buzz sound- ed out ‘whenever’the machine was brought near him. They examined the bed and found the mattress'had been fastened to the bedstead with tacks. They took the soldier to a lounge’ and held his leg out from it so that it might be free from any metal in the lounge. Still the balance buzzed. At last°the“doctor noted that he had a gold ring ‘on the hand that held the instrument. ‘This was taken off and the buzzing stopped. instrument was then run up and dowf the man’s leg, and when it came to a certain point it buzzed. The man was now put under the influence of ether and the flesh of his leg was laid open to the bone. Still there was no bullet. The doctors then cut away a piece cf the bone, and lo! there under the bone they found a bullet. It had’ gon@ in between the bones of the leg and the bone had grown over it so as to completely cover it. It was taken out and the man got well. “The story of this experiment was sent to me,” continued Prof. Bell. “I was much pleased and I asked that I he allowed to have the bullet. Shorily after this Mrs. Bell was passing through New York. She stopped over night at one of the hotels, and while there she received a little pasteboard jewel box marked ‘Tiffany.’ She thought it was a present and opened it, and there in the center lay the bullet.” As Mr. Bell said this he picked up a lit- tle bex which lay on one of the shelves of the laboratory. He opened it and there on a Hitle piece of cotton wool lay this battered ball of lead, which had been car- ried by the old soldier for twenty years without his knowing it. The invention had most certainly saved his leg. = Bell's Electric Probe. As I looked at the bullet the great Inventor j fore the fellow reached the ground he Picked“ up another instrument. It was a long steel needle with a wire attached to it. He held this in his hand as he went on: “T think,” said he, “that the electric bal- ance I have s! you 1s,of great value, but still it does not furnish positive proof when it does not buzz that there is no bullet in'a body. If the bullet is very deep in the flesh it will not act. If the bullet has been cut in half or flattened so that it stands with the edge nearest the skin it fails to make an impression on the. balance, while if it les flat under the skin the balance will buzz loudly. In other words, the noise of the balance proves the existence of a bullet, but not its non-existence. “This,” Mr. Bell went on, as he held up the igstrument in his hand, “is another in- vention along the same line. It is an elec- trie needle probe. A needle, you know, makes almost no injury to the flesh in pass- ing through it. It can be put into the brain without much danger. Its introduction in- to the body causes but little pain. Now, you can thrust this needle into the flesh, and if it strikes a piece of lead {t will, through the influence of the electricity connected with it, give forth a sharp click. If it strikes bone or some other non-metallic substance there will be no response. The needle has been used by surgeons, and is of value.”- Circumvented the Doctors. Speaking of Garfleld’s last sickness, there were a number of interesting incidents con- nected with it which were unknown to the doctors or the public. One of these was told here not long ago by Crump, who was stew- ard of the White House then. Crump had to give a great deal of personal atten- tion to Grfield. He was in the sick room a large part of the time, and he has a number of interesting reminiscences of Garfleld’s last days. One of these relates to the orders which the doctors gaye that Garfield must have no water to drink, except that fu: nished by the physicians. He was, how- ever, very thirsty, and during the absence of the doctors and the nurses he begged Crump to get him a drink. Crump refused, and Garfield asked him again and again so pitifully that he had to once leave the room to kecp from violating orders. When he re- turned Garfield began again, but Crump again refused. Garfield then commanded Crump to give him the water, but Crump pretended he was deaf. In talking of this time Crump said: “I didn’t dare to give him the water. I feared it would hurt him, and I held out as long asI could. At last, however, he called me to him, and, with tears in his eyes, said: ““Crump, would you refuse a dying man a drink of water?” “ “No, Mr. President,” said I, ‘but you are rot dyin, ‘But, Crump,’ he added, feebly, ‘if you do not give it to me I will die,’ and here- upon he closed his eyes. He looked so feeble and sick that I couldn't stand It. Still, I couldn't disohey the doctors. But, some- how or other, I just sat a glass of spring Water cn a table by his bed. Then, turn- ing my back upon him, I went to the win- dow, and, hang me, when I returned if that glass wasn’t empty! President Garfield looked up at me with a smile, and asked me what I meant by tantalizing him by placing a glass with no water in it within his reach, and him so thirsty. He did not ask for any more water that day, and I am certain, if he did drink it, it did him no harm.” Lack of Backbone. I had an interesting chat with Maj. Ben. Butterworth about Garfield last week. We were riding together from Washington to Pittsburg on the Baltimore and Ohio rail- road, and Maj. Butterworth grew reminis- cent. He is, you know, one of the bright- est of our public men. He has had a wide experi@nce, and he was for years a close friend of James A. Gariicld. The two served in Congress toxether, and Butter- worth was one of the Ohio delegates to the national convention at which Garfield was rominated. During the conve: I asked him what he thought of cl y. He replied: en. Gartield was one of the most px liar of our public men. He aS great Many things and weak in others. He had @ great head and a great soul, but he had no more backbone than a fishworm. could not say no and he could not hold anger. I verily believe that a man ht have spat in Garfield’s face without incur- ring his lasting enmity. Garfield would have promptly Knocked him down, but be- would have begun to pity him, and would have gone and raised him up, and told him that he was sorry that he nad had’ to do Feared tht Chieago Convention. “How about the convention of 1850, Ma- jor. Withy all the publications concerning it, I wonder whether the inside history of it has yet been told?” “No, it has not,” replied Maj. Butter- worth, “I doubt whether the full truth will ever be known. There was some talk of Garfield as President long before the convention met. He knew that there was an undercurrent in his favor, and we talked the matter over together before we went to Chicago. He told me then that he did not think that he ought to retain his position as the leader of the Ohio delega- tion and of the Sherman forces. It was just before we got to Chicago that he said to me: ““Don't you know, Ben: propesing me for the President. I don't want it now, and if I am ever to be Presi- dent, I don’t think the time for it is the present. Still, under the circumstances, it don't seem to me as though I ought to go to Chicago ana make that speech for Sher- man. I will be looked upon there as the leader of the Sherman forces. Now, if this movement in my favor should develop into anything, whatever I do I wili be accused of being false to Sherman. I don't like it. I am afraid of it, and I don’t want to go to Chicago as his manager. What do you think? ““As for me, Garfield,’ said I, ‘I don't think anything about it. I know that you ought not to go. If I were John Sherman I surely would not let you go. You know the story of PrisciJa and John Alden. Well, I should be afraid if you went to the corvention for me it might turn out in the same way as did the courtship of Miles Standish when Priscilla asked Alden, “Why "t you speak for yourself, John said Garfleld, ‘I feel somewhat the same way, and I wish you would go to Sherman and tell him what you think. Show him how I am situated, and ask him if he won't relieve me from my promise and put some one else in my place.’ Sherman Warned. “Well,” Maj. Butterworth continued, “I went at once to see Senator Sherman, and told him about my talk with Garfield. I put the matter just as strongly as I could, and urged him to release Garfield from making a speech. Sherman said he was not afraid, however. He wanted Gar- field to present him to the convention. He said he was the leading man in Ohio, and that as such he was necessarily the ieader of his forces at Chicago. I told him that Garfield's prominence was just the reason why he shouldn't be the leader, and I tried to make him believe that the situation was a dangerous one. I could not do it. He told me that he had no fear of Garfield’s loyalty, and that he would risk the Miles Standish business. The result was that Garfield went to Chicago.” Some Talks With Garfield at Chicago. “Was Garfield true to Sherman when he got there?” I asked. “I think he wanted to be,” replied Maj. Butterworth, “but what can you do in.such situations? We had several conversations about the matter at Chicago. One was on the steps of the Grand Pacific Hotel the night before the convention met. Garfield said he didn’t like the talk that his friends were making as to his availability. He said that he could not afford to accept the pres- idency in any way that would leave a stain upon his personal honor. He said he wish- ed the situation was otherwise than it was, and that he did not know what to do. I think he feit very much the same during the conventio:i. I sat just behind him, and when they began to vote for him I could see that he was much frightened. He turn- ed around to me and asked me what he should do. Said he: = “Tf I ask them hot to vote for me, it will appear as though I were calling attention to myself, and my refusal will be a kind of a bid for tlm: to vote for me. On the oth- er hand, if I remain silent it seems to me as though I will be false to Sherman. What shall I do? What would you do, if you were I7 “I then said that if I were in his place I would state that under no circum- stances could I accept a nomination. A moment later Garfield got up and made a speech of this kind—at least he told his friends in the convention that he did not want them to vote for him. It was of no avail, however, and the stampede soon oc- curred which made him the nominee. Devoted to His Mother. “You were there at the time,” continued Maj. Butterworth, ‘and you doybtless have a vivid remembrance of that wonder- ful scene. There were many things, how- that they are Highest of all in Leavening Power.—Latest U.S. Gov’t Report, Re al sara ABSOLUTELY PURE Powder ever, published. and as the point was reached when there Was no doubt that he was to be the candi- date, I leaned over to Garfield and said: Dav hearted master; W. H. Reynolds, a friend of the fam'ly, and a maid, wh to nurse the dog, give him hi cough balsam, and other medicines, and ac- company him in his daily airings. —dog excepted, of course—registered from Philadelphia, although that was not the point from which they last started for Den- ver. nt bra He | [22 be heard coughing in the most dismal el tuberculosis for nearly a year, and ily growing cf the Roc! relief, it is highly probable, though sad to contemplate, that the bulk of his terrier will le: Davis of Phila vigils an the fox terrier laid in his system the seeds of lung disease. and poor when 1 away. have been a sincere mourner. shanty? and man? months, and finally got there. gone to a better pay off his debts. came nearer and extended her hand. ar’ a critter as knows your gait, you ar’, and it does me good to meet you. alive, but the men who come along here don’t know ‘nuff to pound sand, and I waste about three days a week on ‘em! I want a critter to say yes or no right off the handle and hev done with it. So you don’t want me and the young ’uns and the mule and the cow and the claim connected with it which were not As the vote was being taken, “‘*Well, Garfield, there is one woman I know who will be very happy over tie re- sult of this day’s work.’ “Garfield turned around, his eyes filled with tears, and he said: “ ‘Ben, I wish you would go as soon as you can and telegraph to mother.’ “Gen. Garfield,” Maj. Butterworth went on, “had a great love for his mother. She was his first thought in everything. She was with him in the White House. I re- member calling there one day with Charley Foster. We were talking with the Presi- dent, when Grandma Garfield came in and told James that she would like to have some money. how much she wanted, and she told him five dollars would do, whereupon he hand- ed her a ten-doller bill. Governor Foster asked Mrs. Garfield if she did not think she was getting a little ex- travagant in her old age. Grandma Gar- field did not see that Foster was joking. She looked at the bill rather doubtfuily, and said that she thought she could get along with much less if James thought it was necessary. There was a laugh, of course, aud James told his mother not to worry, and thet he could easily spare it.” President Garfield asked her | As_he did this, FRANK G. CARPENTER. — THE WEALTHIEST DOG. Owner of $50,000, He is a Confirmed Invalid an in Unhappy. From the Denver Republican, . Perhap? the most distinguished party of tourists the Brown Palace Hotel ever gave shelter to registered there yesterday after- | noon, s for one—and he the most distinguished of | them all, in his way—cannot ferm a letter of the alphabet, let alone write his name. | ‘The traveler is a fox terrier, far advanced in years, and suffering from phthisis in its last stages. All of its members did not register, But is is not to his consumption, ignor- ance of chirography, or old age that the Browa Palace Hotel fox terrier owes his high distinction among canines, for distin- guished he is above all living and dead members of the genus and species. This dog is an eminently noteworthy animal be- cause of the circumsiance that some time ago he became heir in his own right to a | fortune of $5 to him by his tocratic Philadelphian named Davi: in Colorado by the advice of his ph: a well-known veterinarian of the Quaker elty, who hop atmosphere would benefit th® health of the opulent canine invalid. 000. The money was willed master, a wealthy and aris- | He is | ielan, the mild climate and dry With the fox terrier are the two Misses , daughters of the animal's duties are cod liver oil, ‘They all Like many rich members of the human family, wealth and ease have not brought | happiness to the fou footed legatee of the $50,000 fortune. Day and night the poor te, if such a term may be properly ap- plied to a dog with a big bank account, | ion. He has now been afilic’ a with ts stead. worse. Should the balmy airs y mountains fail to bring him terrier- will either go to buy him a ie. or revert to the state of Penn. It is understood that the fox ve no heirs, Mr. Davis is now dead. When in life and health he attached himself to the terrier, then a pevert: to love the little animal dearly, and in time they became « the service of h! rier gr: cam man prescience. the dog came to recogn! it. quainted with story, Says that during the last illness of his master the faithful fox terrier ni tricken pup. He soon grew mstant companions, In good master the fox ter- w old. At jast the death sicknes: upon Mr. Davis, aad, with alinost hi A Philadelphian who claims to be ac the facts of the singular ther slept, nor ceased to whin Doubtless it was during his dreary igid fasting at that time that Any way, he At the funeral the dog fs said to -se0 NO TIME WASTED. ae 1 A Kansas Widew Who Liked Men Who Knew Their Own Minds. | From the Detroit Free Press. A cow and a mule were harnessed to- gether and hitched to a plow, and a wo- man was holding the plow and ripping the soil of Kansas up the back at a great rate as I rode along the highway. watch the novel sight, stopped her team and came striding across the furrows to say: I halted to and the woman “Hello, stranger! Did ye stop at the “Yes, stopped for a drink.” Vas the children all right?” saw seven or eight playing on the grass aving a good time. Where's the old “Pegged out Jast fall. “Do you mean he dicd? “Didn’t do nuthin’ eise fur about three Yes, he’s id, and I'm working to “Then you are a widow, of course?” Goin’ to settle out here?” “Married? No.” “Want me?” No.” tranger, shake!” she exclaimed gio “You Lands “No, ma’am.”” “Nuff sed—so long—gee up thar’, you critters, and git around the field afore another feller comes along!” From Truth. Kind- | heard the sound that attracted his attention |through the narrow slit of a window that mourn- | s_ thin | master at last passed | } | the ‘quiet alarm” to the outs! | taking my k, and that Mr. | phia failed to make other | s provision in his will for the disposition of the $50,000 than that it should be ex: nded | in_ caring for his commonplace pet. JUST LIKE A WOMAN. j letter which I had pa: INTERLINED WITH MILK. A Jailbird’s Letter That Did Not Come From His Siater. From the St. Louls Globe-Democrat. On a recent stormy night a number of gentlemen, whiling awav an hour or two in a cafe, were eatertained by Mr. James Morrison, who is on a tour of inspection in this country. He had. but recently arrived from England, where for over twenty-five years he has been identified with the work of caring for convicts in one of the largest Prisons in the British possessions, Speak- ing of some of the incidents of his life in that capacity, he drifted into a recital of the tricks. many and ingenious, which the convicts resort to from time to time in their efforts to outwit the guards and effect an escape. . “On one occasion,” said the venerable guard, “I had charge of tier No. 12. It was filled to the limit with long-time prisoners, and at its furthest end several cells had been set apart for those serving life sen- tences. One of these prisoners, a rough- looking chap, but as keen as a razor, had given us a great deal of trouble, and when he was placed under my care I was es- pecially admonished to keep a sharp eye upon him, as he had already caught two other keepers by his tricks, and had done much mischief befcre they had got the up- per hand of him. For weeks he was as quiet as a monse, even refusing the usual ‘constitutional,’ or half hour of exercise in the corridor. I sup- pose he thought he had me off my guaré ay after supper had been served—in h prisons we serve this meal at 4 o'clock in the evening—and while I was at another part of the tier busy receiving ties he began his first bad break y ‘good book. “After T had finished receiving and re- ceipting for the supplies and getting them into place I took up my regular beat down the tler again, and when I had finished be- gan closing the outer cell doors, securely | Padlocking them. “I had peeped in through the little win- dows of his cell door and found him sitting quietly on the edge of his little cot, reading a book that had that day been sent him as & present from his sister—this was Chris! mas eve—and, after ordering ‘lights out, I fastened his door and went on to the This, ‘No. 10,’ was next and occupied by a ‘trusty.’ As I started to close his door, he stepped to the opening in the grating ’ sawing bars. Could he hear suck a sound through forty-eight inches of Stone wall that divided the cells? No, he served to light his cell. With an ‘all right, | to let him know I understood, I slammed the great volved door with a bang, the vi- bra m which must have becn heard s' cell, and passed on down to the end of the corridor, finishing locking up. Removing my shoes, I climbed out on t guard gallery, and, after proceeding cau- tiously for a distance, was directls ow of the cell occupied by Listening intently for a few moments I could hear Che soft ‘slish, slish, slish’ of the hi. steal saw that, with keen teeth, was slow- ly but surely eating its y through the stecl bans ow, and hurr back I sent guard; then, » 1 went er ead of the tier and u open his cell doc ing the rays of my % in bed accord had not la ame t e turn- full upon him. ng to ord . but lant i an invest gation, which resulted in the dis: Us t cleanly thi y tempered ted in the mattress of his cot. my eyes fell upon the book he had been realing, and upon examining tt fully I found that the edge of the bind- I tore the book apart and > cons; had been pasted up in the the book, and there I found a sed in to him that 1 as it had the < ver day, governor cf the that it had be clally examined, picion in my mind, but, now, I ws *k dumb to a gave ‘No. ‘up’ as to Wnere the saws j Were hid in the cover of the book, and oth- er ‘pointers’ that never should have re ed him. “Well, the letter w: goverror, and he p on it, 5 turned over to the the expert examine: red that the first lines who . While the alternate n with milk, which would uniil rubbed over with dus’ ‘ would show as plainiy as the see my Poetry, From the ‘Troy : The Army and Navy Jovrnal scems to } discovered a Rudyard Kipling in Private William Stokes of G company, first art lery, United States army, stationed at Fort Hamilton. Stokes began sending verses to the Journal four or five years ago. Their ‘iterary merit was undeniable, but the editor rere the work of a © investigated and learned tit hy as the fact. Pr Stokes putation as a “good soldier,” Was a man apparently about thirt years of age. Beyond that little was known of him. It has been a that he was native of Irelend and was educated in Irish uni ‘. Here is a good spe Priv § style, from his poem, en- titled “The American Army “The call ix after soundin’ assembly for para The frout center, wave dutil tod for,” an’ while the bu we do the ‘ard guide right—march,’ . before you, the= ean Army , e The soldier-bard must keep posted on English military - operations. Here is @ clever epigram hitting off an English cam paign in the east: “A smncar of blood ich el — ‘The natives run to A ‘Times’ dispiteh “God save the queen’— Another war is over. “Why doesn’t” @ stupii creature drink?” Baking .