Evening Star Newspaper, January 31, 1896, Page 11

‘ee — THE EVENING sTAR PUBLISHED DAILY EXCEPT FUNDAY. ‘ AT THE STAR BUILDINGS, Avenue, Cor. 11th Street, iy eee Sate anh Ps Company Now York Office, 49 Potter Buildinz the Evening Star is verved to subscribers in the tity by carriers, on their own account, at 10 cents week, or 44c. per month. ‘Copies at the counter cents each. By mail—anoywhere in the United States or Canada prezald--0 cents per Sati quintupl> Sheet Star, $1.00 per year; with Yorelen postize shiek, $00. Entered at the Post Oriece at Wasbington. D. O.. Bs second-cl mail mattec.) All mail .abscriptivas must be paid tn advarce. Rates of advertising made known on application. postage - C4 WASHINGTON, D. ©. FRIDAY, JANUARY 31, 1896-FOURTEEN PAGES. store. Berry Spoons Jelly Spoons. Sugar Spoons. Pickle or Olive Forks. om, sane ss ROENTGEN'S GREAT DISCOVERY Scientists Excited Over Photograph- ing Through Solid Bodies. Julian Ralph writes in a special cable fispatch from London to the Philadelphia I regarding the recent developments f photography through solid bodies, about which scientifi urope has gone wild: Much is still printed here about the new Roentgen photographic operations and ex. ents with it by scientists. All the ex- ments and developments show that the discoverer has not begun to master his dis- ‘Y, which still does as it wants to, re- ing to be trained perfect! he pictures thus far, thous . are only shadow prints or 1 leaving out the substances the new rays and showing s of impervious objects. We read today in ccrrespondence from the continent that Belgium has already i the new process and ordered every hospital supplied with paraphernalia for siding the surgeons with the mysterious pietures. Bullets and other foreign substances jn the flesh and bones of patients have al- ady been located successfully in innumer- uble instances In half the countries in what we used to consider slow old Europe. Per- haps the most interesting success thus far is that recorded in the news from Vienna, where caleareous deposits in various parts ef the human system have been marvel- ously exposed. A Man’s Hand Photographed. Practically the same thing ts shown in the photograph of a man's hand obtained by Campbell Swinton for one of the news- papers here. The hand’ was that of a healthy man, but shows slight protuber- ances at the middle joints of two fingers, whereupon medical men deduce the theory that its owner is certain to be a victim of gout before many years. Swinton is now deluged with letters from medical men who wish to make use of the new discovery. One hopes to find a fish- bone in a patient's throat; another hopes ig jrace a coin g man bes swallowed, and still another wants thé photograpner's proof that a patient's broken wrist has been badly set. All this leads the Chronicle to assert that we shall soon be diving in a palace of truth. What the new invention cannot do is al- most as wonderful as what it will do. The tight, or electric current, or rays, or what- ever it is, passes through many opaque substances. yet refuses to pass through materials considered transparent. Wood, carbon, aluminum, ebonite, paper, papier mache, human flesh and leather are trans- parent to this new current, and copper is partially so; but nearly all metals and bone are opaque. An Astonishing Theory. Alfred Binet, the French scientist, gummed some metal figures on a thick sheet of cardboard, then photographed it, and got a well-defined picture .of the metal figures. He advances the astonishing theory that what is posstble to the new light may be also possible to human eyes. He thinks the eyes may acquire a new con- dition under not impossible circumstances, when, of course, such feats as reading dates of coins and numbers on bank notes crumpled up in the human hand may be performed without any trick at all. Today’s papers announce that M. Dar- sonyal, the French electrician, has made an astounding communicatign to the Acad- emy of Sciences, of which he is a member. He says that he has been informed by G. Lebon that it was unnecessary to depend on the unknown light of Crookes’ tube. Photographing through opaque bodiescan be done with ordinary light. A paraffine lamp will do It. M. Lebon asserts that he has taken photographs in this manner for several years, Photographing Internal Organs. Prof. Neuser of Vienna is preparing to photograph the internal organs of a living man. He hopes it will not be long before his patients are saved a great deal of phys- feal pain. The London experiments thus far are much simpler than the foreign, the papers kiving scientific explanations of the methods ef Roentgen not yet translated. It is stated here that a Crookes tube is not necessary. Some authorities assert that the new power is electricity. Others believe that Roentgen has discovered a new form of energy, which probably works with longi- tudinal_and not— transverse _yibrations. Whether this energy merely excites fluor- escence, which causes the formation of an invisible Image capable of development, or whether the new energy actually affects the photograph film, is an open question. Persons who have been photographed de- clare that they feel for a minute a pricking sensation like a mild electric shock. A Remarkable Photograph. A remarkable photograph shown at the Royal Photographie Society was:a picture of a Crookes tube, itself displaying the @oncentration of {ts luminosity. and other Pres wonderful silver bargains. off yourself. “BALL OPENS” In the morning. [ly Silver Week will make the next six days of intense in= terest to jewelry buyers. count--15 per cemt--covers every article of sterling silver--925-1000 fine- Here are a few price finger posts to guide you to thousands of discount Take the Shoe Horns. Salve Boxes. Nail Polisher Hat Brushes. Bonnet _Brushe Cloth Brushes Hair Brush Curling Mirrors. Whisk Broom. Silver Trays. C.I.IDAVISON, JEWELER, features. It is understocd that the picture was taken by “a pin hole camera of metal plate.” It appears to be a fact that all pictures taken by the new process magnify the object more or less. It is also a fact that the largest object yet photographed is the human head. THE STEV e0 SON FA LY. Mrs. General Garfield's Visit to Wash- ington. Washington Cor. Philadelphia Times. There are two young ladies in the family of the Vice President, and both are popu- lar girls. Miss Julia Stevenson might, per- haps, claim the honor of being the belie of the capital, for she is much admired, not only by the young people among whom she moves, but by all classes of society. As Mrs. Stevenson is not going out this-winter, the girls are in care of their father, who escorts them to entertainments and watches with pleasure the evident admiration they excite. The Stevenson girls are sweet, un- affected, full of life and kindly in manner, dress stylishly and are always ladylike and gentle. Mrs. Stevenson always receives her friends at the hotel on Wednesday af- ternoons, and is assisted by her daughters, but this is the extent of her taking any part in society. Mrs. Gen. Garfield, widow of the Presi- dent, iz in town at the home of her daugh- ter, Mrs. J. Stanley Brown, on Massachu- setts avenue. Mrs. Garfield is in the best of health and spirits, and will probably re- main in the city for at least two months. She has been a regular visitor to the cap- ital for many years, coming on each winter to spend a few months with Mrs. Brown. Mrs. Brown, who, as Mollie Garfield, was one of the “children of the White House, is now a happy young matron, and one of the prettiest women in private life. She is a brunette, with warm, sunny brown hair, large dark eyes and a perfect complexion. The Brown home is an old and most at- tractive one, the parlor being mostly in white enamel and cozily furnished. Mr. Brown is a man of fine appearance and quiet, pleasant address. There are three dren in the family—Rudolph, aged seven de of fvé, Ena Nice ot yet a Year old. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are both very quiet, caré nothing for society, and have a great ave® sion to being mentioned in the papers. A Court-Martial Ordered. A general court-martial has been appoint- ed to meet at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., for the trial of such prisoners as may be brought before It. The detail for the court is Major John G. Turnbull, first artillery; Capts. E. Van A. Andruss, first artillery; John W. Dillenback, first artillery, and Richard G. Shaw, first artillery; Lieuts. Clermont L. Best, first artillery; Josepa S. Oyster, first artillery; Charles J. Bailey, first artillery; Gusiave W. S. Stevens, first artillery, and Harry E. Smith, first artil- lery, with First Lieut. John T. Honeycutt, first artillery, judge advocate. + e+ Let the Water Get Too Low. At the coroner’s inquest at South Charles- ton, Ohio, on the bodies of Engiueer Clark Trimble and Fireman Geo. Waters, who were killed in the recent explosion of a lo- comotive engine near there on the Pennsyl- vanta railway, it was ccrclusively shown that the explosion was caused by their own neglect in letting the water in the boiler get too low. ————-+e+___ Transporting Sailors. The Navy Department has found a new reute for the transportation of sailors be- tween the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and on Februvry 5 a epecial train will start from Norfolk carrying about 175 officers and men from the’battle ship Texas to California ever the Seaboard Air Line and tho Southern Pacific railroad. The trip will be made via New Orleans in five and a half days, and in consequence of the great sav- ing of ‘ime thus effect2d, the department expects to put the men on the Monadnock and commission the vessel on February 12, a full month earlier than would be the case were the men sent around by sea via the Isthmus of Panama. —-o+____- Succeeding Capt. Healy. Captain Francis Tuttle of Port Town- send, Wash., has been assigned to the com- mand of the revenue cutter Bear, vice Healy, under touri-martial in San Francis- co. The Bear, in charge of Capt. Tuitle, will accompany the sealing fleet to the arctic ocean this spring. _ ————_+e+___. Died Suddenly in His Office. Joseph Moore, a member of the firm of E. R. Durkee & Co., importers of spices, of New York, died cuddenly in the office of the firm yesterday. Heart disease is be- Heved to have been the cause of death. Mr. Moore was fifty-three years old and had been connected with the firm of B. R. Durkee & Co. for over thirty-five years. The dis= 1105 F ST. SSOSSSSOOO9GGOS9 in my & THE PLACE, Grand Army Men Dixpleased With the Action of Railronds. There is considerable indignatfon here among many of the members of the Grand Army of the Republic on accoynt of the refusal of the Western Traffic Association to grant concessions asked in the way of railway fares to and from the national en- campment. The possibility of a change be- ing made from St. Paul, which was selected as the place for the encampment of the pres- ent year by the organization at its last an- nual meeting, to some city farther east is being considered. A letter received here Jast evening from a gentleman who says he has had a conversation with Gen. Walker, the commander-in-chief of the G. A. R., on the subject, quotes Gen. Walker as saying: “I am sorry to learn that our request for a thirty-day limit has been refused. In doing so the Western Passenger Association has taken a stand that will react upon itself. It may be that it has assurances that roads in other sections of the country will refuse te deal more fairly with us, but the West- ern Association does not control America. It certainly seems determined to do all it possibly can to injure the interests of the cities in its territory. I am much disap- pointed at St. Paul's being forced to lese the encampment. I-shall now be obliged to call the council of administration together and all.cities will again be given a chance to offer guarantees. That city which makes the best offer will get the encampment. “Buffalo's chances are no better than those of any other city, but It was second choice at Louisville, and already has pledged a guaranty, hoping to get the prize in case St. Paul was forced to give it up. If, as has een intimated, the rajlroads of the country have some understanding not to favor the Grand Army of the Republic, as in former years, no encampment will be held, When it was secidad to hold the annual reunion at St. Paul, I gnicipated just such trouble as has restlted, Nee aed oY Aa experte ence at Milwaukee, and I, for one, new what to expect from the Western Associa- tion. Even if one road, the line that guar- anteed last summer to treat us fairly, shou gsclde to ignore the action of its competitors, jt wouid ao no good, As one line Could hardly be depended upon to get all the veterans to St. Paul and back. “The executive officers of the Grand Army of the Republic have agreed that: only on a one-cent-a-mile rate and a thirty-day If'mit can the reunion be held in St. Paul, so I am powerless to do aught but carry out its wishes. I dislike to say that the Western Passenger Association has broken faith with the Grand Army of the Republic, and has refused to favor the old soldiers, as previously agreed, but it isn’t advancing the ihterests of its cities. It may go on with its arbitrary course, but its actions, and especially this discrimination against the veterans, is certain to react to its own dis- advantage.” Department Commander Anderson's Views. “The members of the Grand Army of the Republic in the Department of the Poto- mae,” said Department Commander Mar- ion T. Anderson. today to a Star reporter, “severely condemn the action of the West- ern Passenger Association in refusing to grant the rate of fare and thirty-day limit on tickets to St. Paul for the annual en- campment of the G. A. R. this year, and will stand by the commander-in-chief in whatever steps he may take in reference to the matter, even if he shall decide that the encampment for 1896 must, on account of the action of the railroads, be aban- doned. “My own opinion fs that the railroads will finally yield the position they have taken. The abandonment of the encamp- ment will mean the loss of thousands of dollars to them. I cannot think they will adhere to a course which is certain, if fol- lowed out, to keep money from going into their treasuries, at a time, too, when they all, according to what they say themselves, need money so badly. “There is no probability that the com- mander-in-chief will yield one jot or tittle in the position he has taken in the matter, and which we all believe to be just and fair. It is our belief that the railroad com- panies, having the idea that the encamp- ment must be held, want to get out of it all that is possible, id that if we give in to them this year, next summer they will be still more hard to deal with, “There is no actual necessjty for having an annual encampment, and, in fact, we have been talking about abandoning it al- together. Of course, there will be an af- nual convention, but this would be made Up of Géiegatés from the various depart- ments, but would not number more than 1,000 or 1,200 at the outside, and would be a@ very small affair, from a railroad stand- point, as compared to the encampment of the whole body.” x —_—-—_—_. Jamaica's Postmaster General. Mr. B. G. Pearses, postmaster general of Jamaica, was @ visitor at the Post Office Department yesterday, and was escorted through the Yarious offices and introduced by Postmaster General Wilson. HAWAII’SCIVILSTATUS The Government Controlled Only by the Intelligent Clara, —__.—_—__ NO NATIVES, JAPANESE OR CHINESE Only Thoroughly American Colony on the Earth. ARGUMENT FOR ANNEXATION + Spccial Correspondence of The Evening Star. HONOLULU, January 15, 1896, I have often written of the native Hawaiians as mostly lacking in such mental and meral qualities as make it safe to intrust a majority of them with any very influential yote in the gcvernment of the country. This fact be- comes of serious importance as bearing upon our fitness for annexation to the United States. You have to consider whether you can wisely admit te the Union a state the majority of whose voting popu- lation are incapacitated by intellect and character for those broadly democratic in- stitutions which mostly prevail with you. I hope to make it clear that this fact need he no objection, by showing that the at- tending conditiors are such as already ren- der successful a well-ordered Rovernment which is thoroughly liberal and republican, although not quite so broadly demoeratic as your more capable and intelligent popu- lations are able to sustain with an unre- stricted manhood suffrage. This very term “manhood” implies some restriction. Not ta speak of Umiting the franchise to males, which in some new states is done eway with, it Emits it to those reaching majority. Yet this is felt to be no hardship, although there are multi- tudes of youth under twenty-one who are better qualified to cast a wisely @iscriminat- ing vote than are twice their number of grown men living in the same communi- ties. It is felt to be a good xeneral rule that a certain number of years of life ex- Ferlence should be. attained before it is safe for men to be intrusted with suffrage. There must be limitations somewher Children, idiots, insane persons must be e cluded from voting, as well as criminals. There is a similar necesstty as to large numbers of men who havye-reached mature years in ignorant populations of the weak- er races, The most extreme temocrat would not extend suffrage to untaught Indians. It is true of such depressed races that even when taught to read andiwrite they have attained to no genuine manhood such as fits them to vate. They'are still thorough- ly childish in sentiment and self-direction of will, They can only be governed, rot participate in governing. It is obvious to all observers that the Pelyresian is one of the weaker, unde- veloped races of the world. While innately superior to most savage races—for example, to the unmixed negro tribes of the Congo basin, and immensely hove the negroid Melanesians of the New Hebrides—the Poly- nesians yet belong to the’“weak-nature peo- ples,” between whom and severely trained races, like these of China ‘and Japan, there lies a great gulf of charnoter and capacity. No one conversant with different races of mankind can doubt the extremes of fixed hereditary diversity in mental and moral power existing among their tribes, any more than a breeder of sheep doubts the extreme inherited difference between scrub sheep and merinos. Among men of able and cultured European races assembled in an American state the experiment of equal manhood suffrage may be made to work with fair success, while the exercise of the franchise by an {il-qualified minority may have a useful educative in- fluence upon them which somewhat com- pensates for their blundering and unprinci- pled voting. But in no state where a ma- jority of the people are childish or base- minded can free government exist on a purely democratic basis. In a democracy good government demands an electorate 4 majority of whom are substantially wise and good persons. Among debased popula~ tions, the more nominally democratic a re. public, the more completely does it become the prey of dictators and oligarchies, who intermittently snatch cont: Arete rol from each Republicanism in Hawaii, How has this matter of republican gov- ernment been arranged in Hawaii, where admittedly a large majority of the petma- nent population (leaving Asiatics out of count) are unfitted for g controlling yote? Are we in the disorderly and half. ous ‘condition of Ceniral American repub- les, or are we fit to enter your Union as a guiet, orderly, well-governed, civilized, free atate? Confessedly, we are not broadly emocratic, after the usual manner of .un- restricted suffraxe in your northern: states. We have material Mmitations in our. suf- frage. But it is these very limitations, well adapted to the character of our voting pop- ulation, which enable us -to maiatain a genuine republican government, one that is constitutional, representative and yitalized by the healthiest and heartiest breath of American freedom. By means of'a judicial modification ‘of the suffrage, the controlling political power has been retained ‘in. the hands of the abler and more reliable civil- ized minority, leaving to the incompetent majority such a share of political power as they can safely exercise and such as helps to train them for more. Thus we maintain @ republic of the highest class, one which worthily aspires to a partnership in the glorious American Union. : It was the happy fortune of our leaders, in constituting the government ofthe re- public of Hawali two years ago, ‘that they did not have to create liberal institutions de novo. They were enabled to build upon old constitutional and representative foun- dations of government which. had been gradually taking shape for half a century. Those old institutions were in practical working. They were measurably adapted to the condition and needs of the peculiar population of the country. No general po- litical reconstruction was’ required. The legislature of the republic was not redically changed in structure from that of the mon- archy. But slight changé was made in the limitations of suffrage. Greater changes were made in a distritition between the senate and executive of the already much limited powers of the sovereign. By these changes the senete ‘became in some impor- tant respects the more powerful branch of the legislature. At the same time, the up- per house is elected by ‘limited suffrage, that for the lower -housp being nearly un- restricted. It should be fully understood that under the republic the natives remain endowed with all the voting privileges they ever possessed. Indeed, thoge. Spvilenes have been considerably enlarged from what they were under ‘the monarchy. ruling chiefs never dared to grant their subjects a very large share of power. The constitution granted by Kamehameha III in 1851 enabled the common people: who could read ond Write to choose the mem- bers of the lower house. Those of the house. of nobles were all appointed by the ng for life. A later ¢onstitution In 1864 made the two houses sit together, so that the king's appointees, by combining with his elected partisans oftthe lower house, ould oh Mera outvotef t! Ppposition. us she es leaned a ward ab- golu' and the people, had ower. Indeed, it was not safe ‘to: jn! them with much power, so wealt léd were they. Unfortunate! ; king and most of his nobles were 1) aelves weak-mind- P could: not be ited to legislate 6 made by the whites in 1887 in degree corrected sige Sete it of thi it to ving aa toes or Won ties oe 2 bar-. The old |* permitting foreigners to vote without being naturalized. This practically threw the choice of the upper house into the hands of foreigners, and enabled them mainly to control legislation. This change worked fairly well, but its good results became impaired by a corrupt registration of large numbers of natives not really possessing the required income, who helped elect a bad class of nobles. E Educational Suffrage. The new queen was determined to have none of these limitations upon her sovereign power. Undertaking three yecrs ago to overthrow liberal government and the par- ticipation of intelligent foreigners in mak- ing such a government as civilization de- manded, she was herself overthrown, and the republic of Hawaii established. The principal change made in the legislature was that of separating the two houses, as in the old constitution of 1851. No material change was made in the qualifications of voters for either house. To all natives and English-speaking foreigners there was prac- tically universal suffrage for the lower house as before. Every voter must be able to read and write either English or Hawaiian, a provision which excludes most Asiatics from the polls. The voting qualification for senators was left unchanged ut $600 in- come. Strict provisions Were enacted to secure careful registration of voters. Wherein then, do we materially differ from your states in being less democratic and enabling the select body of senators to overrule the popular branch of the leg- islature? It is admitted that no body of iegislators chosen by the weak-minded na- tive majority can be competent to control the government. Their position must, in some way, be rendered subordinate, or gov- ernment would be wrecked. Self-preserva- tion compels us to diverge somewhat frcm the strict system of popular government. We make the senate the more powerful bedy, so that it can prevent an ill-condi- tioned lower house, chosen by an ignorant populace, from blocking the wheels of gov- ernment. This is done mainly by divesting the legislature of absolute “power of the purse.” If the two houses cannot agree on appropriations, the appropriations of the fermer period continue in force, and the government does not depend on having its supplies freshly voted by the legislature. Besides this, the senate controls the choice of president. He is elected by a majority of both houses together, but al- Ways including a majority of the senate. This is not oligarchy, nor anything like it. The senate is chosen by a large constitu- ency, They are not aristocrats. A major- ity of them are hard-handed worxers, labor- ing artisans or farmers, or small trades- men, the best part of the common people. They are a class of men habitually Inde- pendent in character, and free from the control of those corrupt bosses who form the real oligarchies in the debased popula- tions of your cities. At the same time that the senate and executive together hold sufficient control for safety, the lower house continues to exert a large measure of power, because without its coneurrence there cannot cnly be no new legislation, but no ew taxes or duties can be levied, and no new expenditures can be authorized differing from those of the pi ious bien- nial period. Thus the common y a real and large power in the st: are not a nullity, but have a voice, make it heard. The Dominant Class. The main reform accomplisied by the re- public was the elimination of the incompe- tent and capricious native monarch, and the lodging of controlling power in the in- telligent and capable class of the popu- lation. There is, of course, no method of selecting such class with certainty. On the whole, the most available test is that of such an amount of property or income as cannot commonly be possessed by the in- capable or unthrifty class. The average in- come of the common artisan will fairly se- them an ideal system’ of popular ment. Still minors in mental development, it is necessary for themselves and for the whole people that some measure of guard- janship should be exercised over them. Happily, there is a large and ruling element of our population who are eminently fitted to_exercise this power. Our claim of fitness to enter the American Union as a free and well-ordered state is bused on the above fact of our possessing such a class who naturally and easily dom. inate in all public affairs, and- more espe- cially that they are Americans, and give the state an American character and tone. It is true that one-third of our population are Chinese and Japanese; but they have no part whatever in political affairs. It is also true that one-third of the people are native Hawalians, possessing votes, al- though with Iittle capacity for usefully ex- ercising suffrage. But to offset this is the fact that our constitution is such that the controlling power is in the hands of the capable and intelligent class,and that a ma- jority of that class are people of an un- usually high grade of character and ability. It is the existence of so excellent a class of our population that insures able, honest and highly intelligent government. It is a class of such natural force and sense that it spontaneously leads. Its power is such thet it controls the rest of the people easily and nafurally. This leading element is mainly American. Here in practical possession—a most be- ncficent possession—of Hawaii is a strong American colony. It is the only colony of Americans on the face of the globe, out- side of your own territories. We have vin- dicated our character as Americans by es- tablishing here a strong and free republic, in which we have educated the weak and ignorant Polynesians usefully to partici- pate. Our government is daily growing stronger, our institutions better adjusted, our finances more sound, our civilization more finished. The truth is that the United States have never in all their history had tendered to them a territory where Amer- icanism was already so dominant or so worthily developed as it is today in Hawaii. But Hawaii's resources are but little de- ¥eloped. Its population is yet to fill up. We have room for 500,000 Americans, who are vet to occupy this charming group, with its sweet climate and fertile soil. The remaining 30,000 of unmixed natives will in half.a century be mingled and lost in the flood of our coming white poplation. Our 30,000 Asiatics will have mostly returned to their own continent, and what remain will be less observed than they are now on the Pacific coast. In half a century no state in the Union’ will be more purely and thor- oughly American than Hawail. And there will be no section of her imperial domain of which America will be more proud or which she will count more precious than her Hawaiian state, holding her dominion over the great North Pacific ocean. = KAMEHAMEHA. aes AT HIS MAJESTY. AIMED Attempt to Hit King Charles of Port- ugal With a Stone. While King Charles of Portugal was re- turning to the palace yesterday in Lisbon after a drive in an open earriage accom- panied by an aide-de-camp, an anarchist workman threw a stone at his majesty. The missile, however, hit the aide-de-camp, who jumped from the carriage and seized and held the anarchist until the latter was errested by the police. The prisoner was pemaree shouting cheers for social revolu- fon, ———__+-e+___ Well-Known Men Dead. Dr. G. F. Magoun, ex-president of. Iowa College, who had been critically ill for some time, died at Grinnell, Iowa, yesterday.- Amos Paul died yesterday at Exeter, N. H., aged eighty-five years. He had been a director of the Boston and Maine railroad for about twenty-five years, had served his town in the legislature, and in 186S was Chosen as presidential elector from this state by the republican: A. Pennoyer, a brother-in-law _ and manager of Roland Reed, the comedian, died of pneumonia yesterday at his home in Philadelphia. Mr. loyer was seventy years of age. He leaves a widow and five children. He served in the Mexican war as a druinmer boy, and was one of the charter members of the Order of Elks. © °. MERCHANT MARINE Effort to Relieve Seamen from Many Long Endured Wrongs. TALK WITH MR. ANDREW FURUSETA Legislation That is to Be Asked From Congress. BILLS UNDER CONSIDERATION Mr. Andrew Furuseth of San Francisco, Cal., chairman of the legislative commit- tee of the International Seamen's Union of America, has reached Washington, for the purpose of urging the passage by Congress of several bills which have been brought forward by Representative Maguire, and which have for their object the relief of American seamen from many wrongs to which they have been subjected for many years, and for the improvement generally of the merchant marine. Mr. Furuseth was seen last evening at nis hotel by a Star reporter, to whom he said: “The number of native seamen in our merchant marine at present does not ex- ceed 10 per cent, while in 1845 it is claimed that it was 80 per cent. Some of the reas- ons for this are to be found in the fact that hardly any amendment has been made to the maritime laws since 1812. Bad Scale of Food. “The food at present provided for most American seamen is from 20 to 30 per cent less in quantity and perhaps more still in quality compared with the daily ration fur- nished to prisoners in Sing Sing, N. Y., or the prison at San Quentin, California. “The amount of water, three quarts per man per day, allowed in American ships is not one-half that supplied on German ves- sels, is three-fifths of that on Danish ves- sels, and three-fourths of what is furnished on Italian vessels, and this represents all that is allowed for both cooking and drink- ing purposes. “The scale of provisions was adopted be- fore the art of canning was discovered, and as a result there is an utter lack of veg: fruit and potatoes. This ca which, according to the last printed report of the surgeon general of the marine hospital service, was 35 for the year, while there were also 4 cases of berre berre dur- ing the same period, the latter being a dis- ease which is but little removed from lep- Tosy. This is an alarming state of affairs to exist in a merchant marine doing but Ste per cent of the carrying trade of the world, while the English merchant marine, which does 6713 per cent of similar traffic, had but 6) cases of scurvy during the 3 above referred to, while there were cases whatever of berre berre. “In European countries all legal ques- tions arising in reference to seamen’s wages, etc., are dealt with by summary procedure —the courts taking cognizance of the fact that seamen cannot continue ashore, while a procedure here to recover a seaman’s wages, amounting to $25 or $30, are subject to the same tedious delays that accompany a suit for the recovery of $1,000,000 or more. “This causes cases to be left undecided or untried after being entered in the court, because, as before said, the seamen being unable to continue ashore, are missing when the suit is called for trial. “But there are other abuses for which the aid of Congress is also entreated, and which have continued for so long that some persons have expressed the fear that no remedy can be found for them. Brutality to Senmen. “Considerations not only of humanity, but of business expediency, as evidenced by the growing scarcity of seamen, demand Public attention to the cause and cure of brutality to seamen. Since the horrors of the ships Sunrise, Gatherer and Governor Robie startled the country it has been commonly preached, and as commenly ac- cepted that brutality to seamen has ceased, cr at least decreased to an immaterial and unavoidable incident of seafaring life, and that the good name of the American ship has been redeemed. So far as the public are ee this is a natural error, aris- ing from ignora) the facts, and it may bé said Mi passiag that Wf ie only; one Im stance of the traditionary beliets it woich every feature of the American merchant fnarine Is obseured. Public ignorance is at once the cause and perpetuation of bru- tality to seamen. “The state of affairs prevailing aboard American ships is incompatible with the conception of justice which prevail among men ashore. The cause of cruelty to sea- men lies in the mistaken idea of economy which obtains among ship owners. It can- not be said that any good comes cf the system, nor is it concetvable that acts of cruelty are perpetrated wantonly, so far as the ship owner is concerned. The sys- tem originated and is maintained upon the theory that brutal ships’ officers can by threats and violence compel a small crew to do the work of the larger number of men required under ‘a just system. Of course, the ship owners and others connected with shipping deny that they countenance cruel- ty to seamen. But their acts prove their insincerity. “It is frequently said in justification of the existing state of affairs that the low caliber of the seamen of today—their lazi. ness and incapacity—makes harsh treat- ment necessary. Admitting, for the sake of argument, that the seaman’s incapacity justifies illtreatment, upon the grounds of expediency, it is nevertheless a fact that incapacity is itself an effect for which there can be no justification. “It will be readily understood that under the regime of brutality, self-respecting sea- men of ability, irrespective of nationalit: will refuse to go to sea. Hence America’ ships have been compelled to put up with inferior crews, and brutality, which is real- ly the cause of that condition, has come to be regarded in the light of a necessary effect of it. Moreover, I hold that even in- capacity of the worst kind neither justifies nor necessitates cruelty. “An important point in this connection is the relation of the merchant service to the navy. The merchant service is the natural and, in fact, the only capable recruiting ground of the navy. In time of peace, under the United States system of voluntary en- listment, the navy depends directly upon the merchant service for the larger part of its personnel. In time of war the importance of this relation would be immeasurably in- creased. The difficulty already experienced of securing the number of men necessary to put the new warships Into commission is notoriously a matter of grave public con- cern. Many remedies, or, rather, expedients, are suggested, but with little promise of su cess. The root of the trouble is in the de- preciated state of the merchant marine pe: sonnel, inasmuch as it is the source of sup- plies, and the remedy must deal with that first cause first. I believe that with fair living conditions aboard American ships, American boys and young men will go to sca in the future, as in the past, in numbers suf- ficient for the needs or desires of the coun- try. ; The Remedy. “Now, as to the remedy. First, I would say that I am well aware of the necessity of discipline on shipboard. I believe that the ship master should be vested with all neces- sary authority to conserve order and com- mand obedience. But I also believe that the law which invests the ship master with au- thority should likewise hold him to strict accountability for his exercise of it. Au- thority without responsibility begets despot- ism, and particularly so in the case of men whose physical, rather than their moral or mental faculties, are the qualifications for authority. The wholesome influences of respect for ability and justice of ships’ off- cers—the influence of discipline—have been’ subverted by the dangerous influences fear and incipient mutiny—the influences despotism. The union which I represent does not propose anything in any degree inimical to discipline, but to conserve dis- cipline in its most efficient sense by abolish- ing despotism, “Considering that the cause of brutality to seamen lies in the ship owners’ theory of In other words, We propose to make it unprofitable for ship owners to countenance cruelty to seamen, “We, therefore, have indorsed the bill ine troduced by Mr. Maguige, which provides ‘That any master or,mate, or other officer of a vessel of the United States, who directs or superintends the labor of seamen, who shall unnecessarily place or order any sea~ man into a position of danger to life or limb, or commit an assault or battery upon @ seaman, shall, upon conviction, be fined not less than $100, nor more than $500, or be im- prisoned for not less than three months, nor more than one year. Any punishment which may be inflicted upon the master, mate or other officer of such vessel will not exempt! such vessel from liability for damages for injuries sustained by such seaman, and all vessels are liable In damages for an assault or battery conimitted by any officer upen & seaman. Employers’ Liability. “Mr. Maguire's bill is a form of employer’ ability act, and is absolutely necessary! under the circumstances. At present the ship owner evades punishment for the bru- tality of ships’ officers on the ground that these acts are done without his knowledge or consent. But as the ship master is really the representative of the ship owner, who is the prime cause of existing conditions, It! is deemed equitable that the latter showd be held responsible for the acts of the ship master. 2 “We believe that if the ship owner is mulcted for the acts of his officers, he will! find that the interests of economy lie in the future careful selection of officers. This seems, in view of the futility of present methods, to be the only practical way of, Gealing with the question. The result. will be to place the premium upon good officer- ship instead of, as now, upon the brutal bully. It will improve the tone of ships' crews throughout by removing the chief obstacle to the shipment of respectable men ard boys, and redound to the advan:age, economical and otherwise, of the entire maritine commerce. “Another bill introduced by Judge guire deals with the surveys of vessels. In England, Germany and Italy a certain por- cn of the crew, exelusive of the «flicers, may demand a survey of the vessel's bull. tackle, apparel or furntture, to deter her seaworthiness, while in the lake trade of our c compelled; the vessel may continue to sail until she sinks, if such be the desire cf the owner. “Another reason why the American boys Ma- are avoiding the merchant marine is to be found in the fact that while flogxing has been legally abolished, bodily violence ond yuse are extremely common, nd while in Germany or Italy the’ship responsible for the action of the other officers of the vessel by damages of such persons as on the vessel, the American owner is ab- solutely free from such responsiipility, the result of that has been many dis as have been showr by the records of the courts in the s>acoast cities, seamen throughout the country taking steps to indorse this matter now | fcre Congress, and Representative Payne of New York, as chairman of the c tee on merchant marine and fish charge of the subject. Petitions a being circulated in the different cities favoring the project, which has the indorsement of seamen’s missions, clergy« men and humanitarians generally. What Gen. Daiftield 5: ye of the Alan. kan Boundary. Gen. Duffield, superintendent of the coast and geodetic rurvey, discredits the report from London that the United States has no title to 3,000,000 acres on the Pacific coast opposite Prince of Wales Island, and that Clarence strait, and not Portland inlet, is the correct boundary between Alaska and British Columbia: “In the first place,” seys Gen. Duffleld, “the language of both the Anglo- Russian treaty and the American-Russian treaty are identical as far as boundaries are concerned. These treaties prescribe that the starting point shall be the most southerly point of Prince of Wales Island, and that the line shall then proceed north through Portland canal until it reaches the fifty-sixth parallel of latitude. “If there had been a continuous chain of ».0untains within ten marine leag, of the coact and parallel with it, the shall follow tns crest of that range. ( there be no such continu crest, the line shall be kept at @ qistance of ten marine leagues from the coast until it intersects the forty-first meridian amd fol-. low that meridian to the Arctic ocea “With this description of the trea. don't see how it is possible tha should be any differences between the two governments. Moreover, Portland canal is clearly designated on the charts made by Capt. Van Couver, of the royal nav which were between Russia and England was eatere into, so that there can be no doubt whe: Portland canal i: Terrific Pacifie Hurricane. The ship Louis Walsh from Callao has ar- rived at Port Townsend, Wash., with the news that the British ship Indizn Empire, coal laden, from Newcastle for Coquimbo, put into Callao dismasted. On the voyage across the Pacific the ship ran into a ter- rible hurrican and shipped heavy seas, smashing in the rail and aft house and breaking the masts like reed: One man was killed. ‘or days the vessel drifted about helplessly and finally made Callao, where she will be condemned and sold. One or two other vessels arrived in port about the same time with their topmasts gone. Naval Orders. Ensign H. C. Decker has been detached from the Washington navy yard and order= ed to the Indiana, relieving Ensign Joseph Strauss, who is ordered to Washington, Capt. Nicol Ludiow Is detailed to duty as a member of the steel inspection board; Lieut. W. F. Halsey, ordered to the New York; Lieut. L. Helme, ordered to the Mo- radnock; Ensign J. R. Edie, detached from the Washington navy yard and ordered to the hydrographic offi Lieut. F. H. Holmes, detached from the Baltimore and ordered to the Philadelphia. Lieut. J. N. Roper, de- tached from the New York and ordered to the Monadnock. ee ey ere ee An Indian With Many Descendants, News has been received of the death of Macember, a leading Indian of the Caugh- nawaga reservation, nesr Saranac Lake, N, Y. He was 103 years old and left consid- erable wealth. The old man hac been mar- ried three times. His first wife bore him six children; by the second he had fifteen and by the third the same number. Hoe had over 1,000 grandchildreh, great-grand- children and great-great-grandchildren. _ A Hawk With a Good Appetite. From the Greensburg (Ky.) Record. A few days since James Morrison, Theo- d@ore and Luther Squires, while gathering shocked corn, witnessed a wonderful spec- tacle. There were rats in the corn, and a dog caught four, while a small hawk neat by flew down and caught twelve rats and immediately proceeded to devour them, The men left the field, and, on looking back, discovered the hawk busy at work catching more rats.