Evening Star Newspaper, January 4, 1896, Page 18

18 THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1896-TWENTY-FOUR PAGES’: EPWORTH LEAGUE Installation Services to Be Held Next Week. ANOTHER YEAR OF ACTIVE WORK Rapid Growth of This Organization of Christian Workers. AMONG THE YOUNG HE MEMBERSHIP of the Wash:ngton District Epworth League has increas- ed from 1,057, as re- ported at the first annual convention, October 21, 1891, to 4,012, which includes 1,252 juniors, as shown by the reports at the fifth annual convention held No- vember 9, 1895. At this meeting officers for the ensuing year were elected as follows: William Burdette Mathews, president; Rev. Thos. J. Clark, first vice president; Mrs. M. M. Mitchell, second vice president; Mrs. E. S. Moulton, third vice president; Wm. J. Pal- mer, fourth vice president; F, T. Israel, re- cording secretary; Geo. S. Gibson, corre- sponding secretary; E. G. H. Austin, treas- urer, and Miss Estelle Crump, superintend- ent Junior League. These officers will as- sume their respective duties upon being in- stalled, which ceremony will cccur at Ham- line M. E. Church, 9th and P streets, Wed- nesday evening, at 7:30 o'clock. This meet- ing promises to surpass any held in the past. An elaborate program has been pre- pared. Rev. L. B. Wilson, D.D., presiding elder of the District, will preside. There will be an organ voluntary by Otis D. Sweet, Rev. L. T. Widerman, D.D., the pas- tor of McKendree Church, will read the scriptures and offer prayer, J. Walter Humphrey will sing, and the address of the evening will be delivered by Representative James E. Watson 2f Indiana, ex-pres‘dent of the Indiana State Epworth League. The installation of officers will be conducted by Rev. Dr. Wilson, and the response on be- half of officers will be made by Mr. W. B. Mathews. After ea solo by M'ss Ida O’Neal a banner will be presented to the senior chapter by Mr. Mathews, and the junior banner will be presented by Rev. Hedding Bishop Leech, superintendent of the fourth general conference District League and re- tiring superintendent of the Junior League of the Washington district, after which the Epworthians and friends will adjourn to the lecture rcom, where thew will give a reception to the new officers and be enter- tained by the social commitiee of Hamline Chapter. The joint committee on arrangements and program consists of F. T. Israel, Miss F. A. Meeks and Wm. J. Palmer of the District League, and E. W. Williams, Miss Ida O'Neal, Miss A. E. Wing O. T. Towner and = A. Watson, representing Hamline Chap- er. The banners will be presented to Bethesda (Md.) Chapter, Senior League and to North Capitol Chapter, Junior League, these chapters showing the largest proportionate gain in membership during the past year. Wm. B. Mathews. William Burdette Mathews was re-elect- ed president by a unanimous vote at the Fecent convention. Mr. Mathews was born in Marshall county, W. Va He graduated from the Mounds- ville High School in 1383, and from Waynesburg (Pa.) College in 1886, re- ceiving the degree of A. M_ He came to Washington in 1890, and took both law courses in Columbian University, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia in April, 18u2, and to the Court of Appeals upon the organization of that tribunal He is a member of Lafay- ette Lodge, Mount Vernon Chapter, and Washington Council of Masons, and of General John A. Logan Camp, S. V. He united with Foundry M. E. Church on coming to this city, is a teacher in the Sunday School, and has served as presi- dent of Foundry Chapter. He fs a chair- man of the White Cross Army of the Y. MC. A. and is also treasurer of the Union Republican Club of this city. Rev. Thomas J. Clark. Rev. Thomas J. Clark, first vice president, was born in Salem county,,N. J. His parents being devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he Was taught from his | earliest childhood to love and respect the church of their choice. He was con- church when eleven years old. When only seventeen he was elected assistant superintendent, and the foliowing year superintendent of the Sunday school, which position he held until called to assume the duties of principal of one of the public schools in an adjoining county. 1881 he was appointed class leader, and In January, 1889, was licensed to preach. On coming to this city in 1889, he united with the Douglas Memorial M. E. Church, where he has been actively engag- ed in Sunday school, Epworth League and church work. He has represented Douglas Chapter on the active committee of the spiritual work department, since its organization until eiected first vice president of the local chapter in 1895. He has also served as chorister in both the Sunday school and Epworth League during the past two ears. or Clark has been connected with the Office of the auditor of the treasury for the Post Office Department since his residing here. George S. Gibson. When the office of corresponding secretary was created, George 8. Gibson was elected to fill it. He was born in this c'ty, and re- ceived his edueation in the public schools. Passing through the various grades, upon leaving school, he ve- ceived an appoint- ment with the South- ern railway. He is a member of Grace Methodist Eptscopa! Church, where he has been activelyconnect- ed for the past three years. He held for ver two years the po- ition of president of the Grace Chapter, and was recently elected superintendent of the Sunday of Grace Church. Mrs. Elma S. Moulton. Mrs. Elma Saunders Moulton was elected third vice president in charge of literary Work. She has been a member of Hamline Chapter, Epworth League, since its or- ganization. For three years she was secre- tary of the chapter During this time the Washington letters appearing in the Ep- worth Herald, the of- ficial organ ‘of the general league, were from her pen. Mrs. Moulton is one of the leaders of a large and interesting Chautau- qua circle connected with Hamline Chap- ter. She is active in ll branches of league work, especially the literary department. Although born in the state of Maryland, Mrs. Moulton has resided verted and joined the | in this city since early chilchood, receiving her education here. Previous to her mar- riage to Mr. H. B. Moulton, three years ago, she taught in the public schools in this city. Mrs. Moulton is popularly known as a writer of children’s stories. She is a con- tributor te several popular magazines for young peaple. Mrs. M. M. Mitchell. ident, is the daughter of J. S. L. Rodrick, who for over thirty years was editor and proprietor of the Ban- ner of Liberty, one of the lead.ng repub- lican -newspapers published in Freder- ick county, Md. She was born at Liberty- town. She completed her studies at the Liberty Seminary, ranking first in near- ly all her classes. She was an active worke: in the M. E. Church and Sunday school at the above named place. Since her re- moval to this city seven years ago she has been an eificient worker and officer in all organizations of the church, and especially in the Epworth League. She ‘s at present second vice pres- ident and organist of Waugh Chapter, of which she is a member; superintendent of the Junicr Epworth League, superintendent of Social Purity, organist of evangel'stic work and secretary of the juvenile work. She is also an officer in the W. F. and H. M. S., and an active worker in the W. C. T. U. Wm, J. Palmer. Wm. J. Palmer, the fourth vice president, wes born in this city, and received a public school education, graduating with the pio- neer High School class. He immediate- ly began the study of architecture, and em- barked upon profes- sional life. He is a member of Trinity M. E. Church and has always been actively engaged in church projects. He is interested in music and has conducted many entertainments in aid of his own and other church and benevolent organiza+ tions. He is a promi- nent Odd Feilow, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Frank T. Israel. Mr. Frank Thomas Israel was unani- mously elected to fill the position of re- cording secretary, a position he has filled since 1893. Owing to the vari- ous and increasing duties of the position, the office of cor- responding secretary was created at the recent convention. Mr. Israel was born in the state of Ili- nois; moved to Iowa at the age of twelve years, and, after a brief residence in Nebr: came to Washington, in June, 1890. He has been closely Identified with Ep- worth League work for the past six years. While in the west he was instrumental in crganizing several chapters. During his residence in Washington he has been con- rected with McKendree Methodist Episco- pal Church, where he is actively engaged in Sunday school, church and league work. For the past year he has filled the posi- tion of president of the McKendree Chapter, Epworth League. Edward G. H. Austin. The financial affairs of the’ league during the coming year will be in charge of Edward Graham Handy Austin. Mr. Austin joined the Methodist Episco- pal Church and Ep- worth League in 1891, at Sligo, Md., where he was president of the chapter and su- perintendent of the Junior League. Upon removing to this city he united with< the Douglas — Memorial Chapter, devoting mo-t of his time to mission work. = Re-~ moving to North Cap- itol M. E. Church, he transferred his mem- bership to that chap- ter, where he {s now connected. He has been treasurer of the North Capitol Chapter. When called to the higher and more re- sponsible dut‘es of treasurer of the District League, he was occupying the position of first vice president of his chapter... Miss Ketélle-tramp, One of the most important branches of league activity i#*the Work among fhe ju- niors. Miss Estlle Crump, tne newly elect- |ed junior sup2rinten Jont,-who was=chosen with special reference to her adaptability for work among children, is a native of this city. Sne received her education in xhe public schools, and is a graduate of the Normal School. At present she is a teacher in the public schools. Miss Crump has made work among the little ones her spe- ciality. She is now in charge of the infant class at Gorsuch Methodist Episcopal Church, where she is an active mem- ber. She has been for several ycirs super- intendeat of the Gorsuca Jimior League, numbering at preseat i50 members. Under her guilance this chapter was, during 1804, the banner junior leazue of the District. Miss Crump has been actively connected with Gorsuch Epworth League since its nizia in 189, and has filled the itions of secretary, second vice presi- |dent and junior league superintendent. ee Pees oe IMBEDDED IN BAGS OF SAND. Curious Aids for 2 Young Man Who Has an Injured Spine. From the New York Journal. Lee A. Hervey, a well-known young man of the Wooside section of Newark, is a patient at the City Hospital suffering from injurics of the spine in the nature of a dislocation of the vertebrae. Leading sur- geons have heen unable to precisely deiine the injury. Six weeks ago he was riding on the rear platform of a Bread street trolley car, crowded and going at a high rate of speed. It collided with another car that had stop- ped at a crossing. Hervey was thrown backward against the railing with a force that almost doubled him in two, The young mi was of slender build and at the same instant that his body struck the railing his head was thrown backward with a snap that made it almcst touch the middle of lis back. He hung almost motionless, and the conductor and passengers who rushed to the young man’s assistance, thought that he was dead. Absolute immovability was required that tature’s healing process should not be dis- turbed, and in order to secure that the pa- te vs tesd, reck and almost the entire back to the base of the spine was imbedded im_ sand bags. In that position, without moving scarcely @ muscle, young Hervey has been for the lest six weeks, ard the surgeon says it is impossible to tell how much longer he. will have to remain that way. Hervey is certainly recovering, for while unable as yet to move either arms or legs, he experiences sensations in both, and that is indicative of a resumption of a healthy condition of the spinal cord, because while it does not control the motion of these limbs, it does the sensations. All the doctors agree that the case is one of the most remarkable on reccrd. Several specialists have examined the patient and ccnsulted with his attendants. Hervey maintains a stcical demeanor and is very little trouble to his attendants. He is confident that he will recover. soe —_ Making Herself Popular. From the Woonsocket Reporter. “How do you manage to make yourself ‘so popular with all the cld bachelors?” Widow—‘I ask them for their advice.’ it in the same Widow—“Oh, no; with them I ridicule the advice the older ones give. - ———_+e A Day’s Shopping. From the Chicago Tribune. “You got rid of $3, pg?” ‘That's right.” ‘What kind of shopping were you doing?” “Bucket shopping.” in one day’s shop- D: How He Mrs. M. M. Mitchell, the second vice pres- |’ JOHN BULL ALERT Keeps Posted About Our War Resoarces, A TALK WITH SENATOR W. C. SQUIRE His Ideas in Regard to Our Coast Detenses. SOME MODERN DEVICES (Copyright, 1805, by Frank G. Carpenter.) MAN WHO HAS sold tens of millions of dollars’ worth of arms and munitions of war to the great countries of Europe, and who has been all his life dealing with war departments, ought to have opin- fons of value as tu our defenses in the possibility of a war with England. Such - aman ts Senator Watson C. Squire, who has recently intro- duced a bill appropriating $87,000,000 for the protection of our cities by the sea. Senator Squire was chairman of the coast defense committee some years ago, and since he was elected to the Senate he has been devoting Timeelf largely to matters connected with the army and navy. He was for many years connected with the Remington Manufactur- ing Company and he has made a large for- tune in dealing in firearms and munitions of war. He was for a long time the agent of the Remington company in Europe, and was at one time its President. At the time of the Franco-Pruss:an war he sold more than $14,000,000 worth of small arms to the French. He tells me that the French thought they were well prepared for this struggle, but that after it had begun they found they could nowhere get enough arms for their soldiers. Among those which they bought of Senator Squire were a large num- ber of the rifles ard guns left over from our late civil war The Senator purchased near- ly $10,000,000 worth of such guns from Uncle Sam and soli them to the French. He has also furnished guns ¢o others of the great European nations. He sold over $8,(}W),000 worth of guns to the Spanish and he aided in supplying the Danes with firearms. For years his business was in connect.on with the war offices of all the great European na- tions, and he could today draw maps of the streets of St. Petersburg and Constantinople from memory. A great part of the guns now in use in South America were sold by him. This 1s the case with Cuba and toa large ex- tent with the Argentine Republic and Ven- ezuela. I do not think that the Senator has at present any active connection w'th the Remington company. His long experience, however, has given him a good opportunity to learn much as to the inside workings of war matters in Europe, and especialiy as to the plans of other nations relating to this country. : John Bull Nosing Out Our Secrets. During a chat with him last night I asked Senator Squire whether he supposed that the English had an accurate knowledge of our seaports. He repied: “Certainly they have. The British legation has a man connected with it whose business it is to look into and re- port to the Brii.sh war cffice upon such mat- ters. The English probabiy have had men traveling through the United States getting the last and best information upon all mat- ters connected with our army and navy and defenses. You cannot imagine the anwunt of money that foreign nations spend upon such things. A new gun or a new invention in any kind of arms is worth a fortune ff it is of real vaiue, and governments sometimes buy such inventions and keep thein sccrei until the time comes for the.r use. Our War Dep.rtment probably has much secret infor- mation as to arms and ammunition which will not be deveiopei until a war occurs. We send men abroad to report upon such matters. The resuits of their investigations never get into the newspapers, and you can- not teil what new things have been invent- ed for warfare until war actually occurs. In the war of 1866, in which Austria was con- quered by Prussia, the Prussians succeeded largely on account of the German ‘nr. gun,” which up to that time had been secret. It was a poor thing at best, and it allowed the gas rising from the powder to escape in such a way that it had to be fired from the thigh instead of the shoulder. Still it was a great improvement over the old Austrian gun and over anything Europe then had. It was first used in that war and at the battle of Sadowa it gave the Prus- sians a victory. After this battle all Surope rushed to get new guns, and the wonderful small arms which we have today are the resui It was the same during our civil war. The fight of the Monitor and the Merrimac changed the naval construction of the world. Before that wooden ships were used nearly everywhere. After it gup- boats had to be made of iron and steel, and the big men-of-war .which now cost from three to five million dollars apiece, and the costly armor plate with which they are sheathed are the result. Plans of Our Seaports in the British War Oftice. “Speaking of the English knowledge of our seaports,” Senator Squire went on, “I have no doubt but that a plan of every harber and city on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts is in the British war office. These are revised from time to time in accordance with every new item of information which they get concerning our defenses. I venture to say that the British war office has a bet- ter knowledge of the real condition of our seacoast cities than the Congress of the United States. In all probability the Eng- lish have their plans made out in detail as to where they will attack each of our cities in case of a war, and it may be that the letters and telegrams are already written giving directions to the commanders in the differ- ent branches of the army and navy as to just what they are to do in such a case. This is so in nearly every big war office in Europe. Every possibility is provided for. You re- member the story of Von Moltke, the com- mander-in-chief of the German army at the time that the Franco-Prussian war occur- red. The announcement that war had been declared by Napoleon was received at night, and the messenger bringing the news found Von Moltke sound asleep. He was awak- ened and advised of the fact. He did not rise, but merely sent for his aid, and told him to go to a certain case and take the papers out of a certain pigeon hole and tele- graph the instructions therein inclosed. These instructions gave directions as to the disposition of every part of the German army. After giving this order, so the story gees, Von Moltke turned over and went to sleep, knowing that when he awoke in the morning the whole German army would be preparing to move. The English probably have similar plans for their troops in Can- ada, and for the action of their forces and fleets.” England’s Fortifications. “What is the condition of the English fortifications on this side of the water, Sen- ator Squire?” I asked. “I don’t think any one knows,” replied Senator Squire. “They are probably in a very good condtion. The English have been steadily increasing their fortifications about the United States for years. They have, I have seen it stated, so dredged the St. Lawreace river that war ships drawing twenty-six feet can now sail right up to Montreal, which, in the case of a war with us, would be one of their bases of supplies. ‘They do not allow Americans to go through their forts. Not long ago my secretary, Col. Hilder, who was formerly connected with the English army in India, was visit- ing some offices near Esquimault on Van- couver’s Island. He asked to be taken through the fort there, but was told that it would be impossible, as orders had been given that no one outside of thuse im- mediately connected with the fort were to be allowed within it. This great Euglish fortification practically controls the straits of Fuca and the entrance to Puget Sound. It is within a few miles of our coast. Port Townsend is just across the way, so near, indeed, that the morning and evening guns from the fort may be heard there. Gen. M'les, who has examined closely into the subject, says that in twenty-four hours the British fleet at Esquimault could take ab- solute possession of Puget Sound «nd de- stroy its citles and towns. We ought to have at least 200 guns and mortars on Puget Sound, and there, shauld be 509 guns and mortars on the Pacific coast to proper- ly protect it.” miz08 The Undefended: West. “But San Francisco ig. #ell protected, is it not?” 3S “By no means as well as it should he,” replied Senator Squire. ft‘Is the only Pa- cific coast port that is “Gt all provided with means of defense. |Seattle and Tacoma and the ports of Puget.Sound could be easily destroyed. San Diego is defenseless. The great. Columbia Hvér is practically open to foreign war yéssels. ‘They could sail up it and destroy Portjand. They could send smaller boats further and ruin the canal which we are buijding about the Cas- cades, and upon which we -are spending millions of dollars. Wi wht to have a canon factory on the fic coast. We have coal and iron, and we could as easily build guns there as in the east. I have in- troduced a bill appropriating $1,000,000 for such a factory.” ¥ Fifteen Hundred Canon Needed. “How many guns are wanted altogether for coast defenses, Senator Squire?’ I asked, ‘ “It ts estimated,” replied the Senator, “that it wilt take at least 1,500 cannon, that is, guns and mortars, to give us the proper protection. At least half of these should be eight, ten, twelve and _sixteen- inch guns, and the remainder should mortars, These guns need carriages, ma- chinery and fortifications, behind which they can be raised and lowered. It will take at a low estimate at least $87,000,000 to put the ports in good shape, and my bill proposes that this expenditure be be- Senator Squire. gun and carried on until it is completed. “This expenditure ought to begin at once,” continued Senator Squire. “There is one thing the people do not seem to un- derstand, and that is that it takes time to build the great modern guns. The con- tract was awarded to one of the great American companies for building one hun- dred guns in 1801. It is now 189 and they have only twenty guns which are any- where near completed. There are, I be- lieve, none in actual use, though some are ready for trial. In building great guns, works have to be made for them, and the actual construction of the guns requires months. As to earthworks and defenses, they could be erected in a short time by putting a large number of men at work, but it takes time to make all kinds of arms and munitions of war. As to small arms, they can be turned out very rapidly. Dur- ing the Franco-Prussian war the Reming- ton works made twelve Handred new rifles a day. They made two htndred revolvers a day in addition to rejnddeling two hun- dred other «uns, makin#’ah output of six- teen hundred small arths every day. This was, I believe, the fastest‘work of the kind that has ever been done.” The Dangers of,New York. “Speaking of our sea ééast cities, Senator, New York fs well defended is {t not?” “No,” was the“reply. “It has only about one-tenth the protection: that {t should have. The other cittes ‘br the Atlantic are practically defenseless. P’ visited the de- fer.ses of New York not Jong ago. Qur prin- cipal works are situated: at Sandy Hook, where we have two guns and sixteen mor- tars. The guns are twelve-inch guns. They carry projectiles weighing aver.seven hun- dred pounds and it takes ifour: bushels of powder for a single fire: Phey have a range of twelve miles, and.theyware only exposed at the time of firing. They are protected by an emplacement or fortification made of cement and sand. The strength of this fortification is equal-to that of 180 feet of sand, and it is so great that no modern gun can send a projectile through it. The guns are loaded behind it, and then by hy- drauiic pressure are raised and fired. Twen- ty-one seconds later they have dropped be- hind the fortifications ready for reloading. In addition to these guns we have sixteen mortars at Sandy Heok. These send shells of cast-iron and steel weighing from five hundred to a thousand pounds a distance of six miles. They are fired from a pit, and they shoot their projectiles two miles up into the air. By a modern invention known as the range finder they have been known to be very accurate in their aim. By this invention it is ascertained at just what angle the gun should be shot. The gunners or those who fire them have a map of the sea or the harbor before them, and this map fs divided up inte squares. It is found in which square the man-of-war is at the time of firing. The sixteen mortars are then trained upon that square and a rain of their massive shells will fall upon it. It would be strange. indeed, if some of them did not hit her and carry her to the bottom.” Torpedoes Will Not Do. “How about torpedoes? Why cannot all of our coast cities be protected by them?” “There is little safety in depending upon torpedoes,” replied Senator Squire; “and it is not everywhere that you can use them. The idea is, you know, to fasten them to a wire or rope. A strong current would, in such case, carry them to thé top of the water, where they could be seen, If the water were very deep, they would not be effective, and, then, there is always the danger to our own boats. Some of the Chi- nese ships were, you know, blown up by their own torpedoes. They could probably be used for the defense of New York, Phil- adelphia, Baltimore and Washington. They could also be used for places like Portland, Oreg., but they would not be of much val- ue in an open harbor. Besides, the guns of these big war vessels carry six to twelve miles. They can stand out at sea and shell the cities. The best way to repel them is by coast defenses, supplemented by our navy.” “How about torpedo boats?” “That is a matter that comes under the navy. Such boats would undoubtedly be of great value, and they will be largely used. All the great nations are adding tor- pedo boats to their naval forces. England has a large number, and fs building more. France, Germany and Russia all have scores of torpedo boats. The advantage of such vessels is that they can be built quickly and that they are comparatively cheap. They can go faster than the men- of-war. We are now building at Seattle @ torpedo boat which.will make twenty- nine miles an hour. It, will be the fastest torpedo boat of the world. | “These torpedo boats are very destruct- ive,” said Senator Squire: “At a test of torpedo boats as against gunboats and cruisers in the English naval maneuvers not long ago it was shawn that the torpedo boats did five times a8 much damage in proportion to their cost as the battle ships and cruisers.” ” New Things in ‘Warfare. “But, Senator, would there not be 9 num- her of new things brought forth by our people in the event of 4, war with Great Britain?” “Speaking of new invéntions,” replied Senator Squire, “these aré being made all the time. The rapid firing gun has changed warfare to a large extent. Some of these will send shells weighing 100 pounds at the rate of six to a minute, and there are guns which throw streams of projectiles like wa- ter from a hose. One of the Maxim guns discharges rifle bullets at the rate of 900 a minute, and’ by the machines tiow connect- ed with the big men-of-war continuous streams of cartridges can be sent out from one gun managed hy two men. One form of the Gatling gun shoots 1,200 shots a minute. These rapid firing guns were used during the fight between the Japanese and Chinese. Ships within a mile of each other were exposed to a hail storm of shot and shell from them. The enormous power of the armor of the ships was shown in this war. The twelve-inch guns «f the Japan- ese, though they sent projectiles weighing 800 pounds, could not sink the Chinese bat- tle ships, and we are now-mak'ng thirteen- inch guns, instead of twelve-inch guns, for our men-of-war. The shells from such guns have an enormous penetrating pow- er.. The powder used in the Chinese-Japan- ese war was largely smokeless powcer. We are making improvements in powders right along, and new inventions are being made in all kinds of munitions of war. Explfsives Which Kill by Smell. “The next war will determine many new things as to high explosives,” continued Senator Squire. “There is an explosive known as melinite, which is said to have some of the properties of the old stink pot used by the Chinese. I recently read an ac- count of the use of this explosive.. The ar- ticle stated that the stuff was three times as powerful as gunpowder, but that its fumes were even deadly. It cited an in- stance in which a melinite shell had ex- Ploded on a vessel on which were some sheep and goats. All of the animals not killed by the shell were suffocated to death. Then there is-Emensite, which is another high explosive of wonderful power, and there is a material called explosive gelatin, which is said to be fifteen times as strong as gunpowder. There are numerous other means of defense than these which I have spoken of which might be adopted as to our seacoast cities. There is no telling what new war inventions may be made in elec- tricity. Mines under the waters could be exploded by this means upon the approach of war vessels, and there are other ways, it is said, in which electricity could be used. It is practically a new science, and its enormous force will be largely developed by the wars of the future.” The Cost of War. “I suppose the next great war will be the most costly of the wars of history, Sena- tor,” said I. “Yes,"" was the reply. “A number of our battle ships have cost between three and four millions of dollars. We appropriated $8,000,000 for two such ships last year. It costs an enormous amount to run these ships in time of peace, and a half hour's naval action will eat ‘up a fortune. The cost of the wars of, the past have been enormous. According to an estimate of French and German statisticians, which I have lately seen, the wars of the last thirty years have cost the world more than $13,- (00,000,000 in money and the lives of 2,500,- 000 men. France paid more than three and a half billions for her war with Prussia, and it is estimated that that war cost the Germans six hundred million dollars more than the indemnity which they received. The Crimean war cost about two billion dollars, and the war between Prussia and Austria of 1866 cost over three hundred million. The war between Russia and Tur- key is estimated to have cost one hundred and twerty-five millions of dollars. I be- lieve that a war between Esgland and the United States, if it should ever occur,y. ould result in a greater loss of money and life than any of the wars of the past, and I sincerely hope that such an event will never take place. I believe, however, that it Is our duty to be prepared for such an event, so that when the figat does come we will be able to defend our honor and our- selves.” FRANK G. CARPENTER. ALL READ THE PAPERS, Advertisers Must Use the Same Chan- nels to Rench the Public. From the Chicago Record. If I were asked for the best definition of the American, as distinguished from other nationalities, I should call him the man with a newspaper. We Americans live on news- papers. They are the breath of vur nostrils and our perennial provender. I am not go- ing into statistics on this matter—how many newspapers are published in Europe and how many newspapers are published here, ‘the per capita ratios, and all that sort of thing. It isn’t necessary;, anybody with eyes can see it. It is my great privilege to ride up and down each day on the New York elevated road. What do I see when I enter a car? Nothing but newspapers, a row down one side, with people sitting behind them; another row down the other side, with several promiscuous rows down the center, with people huddled behind them, hang.ng onto straps. Nobody notices his neighbor; nobody speaks to anybody; everybody 1% reading. You might sit down next to a man who had spent twenty years of his life trying to find you; you would be perfectly safe; he would never see you. The cars slew around the curves in a way that is often startling, but no one is startled; he is read- ing his paper. I firmly believe that if the train should jump the track and careen off into the street below very few of the pas- sengers would know it. Bankers, brokers, business men, millionaires and clerks, every man with his paper. If you boarded the train an hour earlier you would strike the shop girls—also read- ing. If you rode down at 7 o'clock you would find the hewers of wood and pounders of paving stones reading, too. It’s so in the morning, and it’s just the same at night. Just what effect this is going to have on the American optic I don’t know, but it’s true the country over—going to work in the morning and going home at night, every- body who rides reads; and those who don’t have to ride read all the more, for they have more time. The modern American Is as in- separable from his newspaper as the China- man from his queue. Way to Rench the American. That being the case, it requires no long training in logic to perceive that if you want to get at the American the one sure uni- versal way is the newspaper. This is espe- cially true of the daily paper. With many men—in fact, it is quite safe to say with the majority of men—the only literature that they attempt is their daily paper. This is a state of things that our literary friends are wont to decry with great bitterness as a terrible sign of the degeneracy of the times. But the world has in these latter days bgen growing exceedingly practical and matter-of-fact, and even the best of us, with quite a little intellectual sensibility in our make-up, are not apt to spend many evenings in the week mulling over Carlyle, John Stuart Mill, Herbert Spencer and the rest. This sort of reading is undoubtedly very fattening to the mind, but with busy men it is a luxury that few can afford. So we read our morning paper and evening Paper—and let it go at that. As a matter.of fact, reading the daily paper is vastly more profitable than the average novel, and it is considerably more profitable than the bulk of the magazine reading. I submit that it is a very liberal sort of education to a man to know what the whole world is doing from day to day. Mest people of adult years, though they may not be at all conscious of the fact, have acquired by far the larger part of their education from the newspapers. In fact, without entering into a discussion of its propriety, most men get their opinions, po- litical creeds and economic beliefs from their daily paper. It is to them not only a daily companion, but a daily instructor, counselor and guide. So if, you want to get at a man there’s no other possible way one- tenth as good as his paper. Other Ways of Advertising. I admit that there are other ways of ad- vertising. For instance, a few years ago you could get any quantity of advertising by jumping off the Brooklyn bridge. A hard- up Bowery boy did it, and now he lights his pipe with government bonds. And there was some degree of advertising success achieved, I believe, some t!me ago, by crossing the Atlantic in a ten-foot boat. But for sane and sensible people who want direct, quick and certain results from advertising, the daily paper leads the whole advertising pro- cession, unchailenged and unchallengable I do not apprehend that there will be any consNerable dissent from this view of the case. Taking it for granted, therefore, that it will ke generally agreed that the daily press is the best medium for advertising, the only question is as to method. ree Seasonable Grief. From Life. Widow—‘‘Were your losses heavy this year, Mr. Drake?” Widower—“I should say so. I lost the dearest duck of a wife imaginable, and three or four batches of offsprir g.”” Widow—“My coop is also desolate, and there's such a smell of onion dressing com- ing from every kitchen in the village that I am in a continual cold shiver. THE LEGEND OF THE GARDENER PRAISE BY BEATRICE HARRADER. —_—+—___. (Copyright, 1895, by Beatrice Harraden.)” There was once, in the ages gone by, a gardener of rare patience and discernment. He would go out into wild places, and, stooping down, would detect some tiny plant of no moment to careless eyes, and would bring it home to his garden, and tend it with such loving care that it would gain strength and beauty, surprising him and gratifying him with its generous re- sponse to his tender fostering. : People heard of his beatiful plants and came to his garden. “Ah, you indeed have a rare plant here!” they would say, pointing to one of his treasures. “That must be priceless in its worth.” “No, indeed,” ne answered; “it is just a wild flower, nothing more. There are thou- sands like it.” “But if we bring the wild flowers home they will die,” they answered. “How is that?” “I cannot tell,” he said, “unless it is that I care so mvch, and that I have put my very heart’s desire into the tending which I give them day after day and week after week.” Now, one day the gardener was in trou- ble; great sorrows had encompassed him and the bright light had faded from his life. It was nothing to him that his gar- den was beautiful, and that the fame of it had traveled first to one land and then an- other, and that many strangers sought to learn the secret of his subtle skill. All this was nothing to him. Heavy hearted he went about his work, finding neither peace nor comfort, until one early morning, when he was wandering listlessly in the desert, weaving around his soul a network of sad thoughts, his eye chanced upon a tiny white flower. There was something in the whiteness of it which hela him for a mo- ment spellbound—it was as white as the surf of tke fairy Pacific; as white as an untouched field of Alpine snow; as white as one’s ideal of a pure mind. He stooped down and deftly raised its roots, and, forgetful of all his sorrows, has- tened home with his fragile burden. But, alas, it was so fragile that at first he did not ‘dare to hope that it would live. It drooped and drooped, and. the gardener knew that he would lose his treasure. “If I could only have saved it,” he thought. “I have never cared for any flower so much as for this one.” Well, he saved it. And when at last it raised its head and smiled to his care, he felt a gladness unspeakable. “Little friend,” he whispere’, “I found thee in an hour of sadness, and together with thee I found courage and consolation, and therefore I name thee Friendship.” It grew up strong and beautiful, white as ‘the surf of the fairy Pacific, white as an untouched field of Alpine snow, white as one’s Ideal of a pure mind. Of all the plants which the gardener cherished this one calle] Friendship far outshone them all. Strangers could never pass it by without a tender word of praise, and“without asking the name of this plant, whieh looked so chaste and calmly beauti- ful, and when they had learned its name they all wanted it. The rich wer2 willing to pay any price for it, and those who had not money would fain have offered the ‘best service of their minds, their brains, their hands. But the gardener smiled always and ok his head. ‘Nay,” he said, “I cannot sell it, neither for money nor fame, ror anything which the world may hold. It is my very own-— part of my own self. But go ye out into the wild places and ye will see many such Wants. There they are for every one to take or leave. ly have « little care in the lifting of them-asd w the nursing of them. They are yery frail.. Stil, if yon use every care you Know, your little white flower, Friendship,<wi) grow-up strong, revealing to you all the time new beauties and fresh delights. At least, thus it has been with me." Then, so runs the legend of the gardener, those who were eager enough to take the trouble, wandered into wild and lonely places, and found the tiny white flower, as they thought. But they often. gathered the wrong plant; and took it triumphantly to the gardener. “See here,” they said, “we have had no trouble with this flower. From the very first it flourished and grew apace.” aS gardener looked at it and smiled sadly. “So many have made that mistake,” he said. “This is not the plant Friendship, but me-ely its counterfeit, which after a time loses its whiteness, and then it could not deceive any one.” But others who came to the gardener had, indeed, found the real plant Friend- sbip, only they could not rear it. They brought their faded plants to him and pointed to them sorrowfully. “Mine did so well at first,” said one of the strangers. “I felt so confident of suc- cess.” “Perhaps thou wert too confident, and so neglected it,” said the gardener, kindly. “If thou triest once more, remember that thou must never relax thy watchful care.” “Ah, how can I ever hope for success ncw?” said the stranger, sadly. “My heart is sore with disappointment.” “One never knows,” said the gardener, “and if thou shouldst ever tend another plant, hasten to tell me how it has fared with thee and it.” The gardener lived to know that many, taught by him, had learned to find the fragile flower, Friendship, and to rear it with success; some had failed once and twice and thrice, and then Succeeded, and others had failed altogether. But there were many who had divined his secret, and he was glad. For he knew how much the world would gain of whiteness. Then he died, and it is not known to whom he bequeathed his own beautiful plant. Maybe you have it; perchance I have it. It is surely among us somewhere. pee EQUAL TO THE OCCASION. That the Hotel Was Crowded Did Not Bother the Red Bluff Man. From the Redding Free Press. A few days since a gentleman :ame up frcm Red Bluff to meet a young lady who was expected on the 12 o’clock train from Portland, and to whom he was to be mar- ried the next day. The first thing he did was to go to a hotel to engage two rooms, one for himself and the other for his in- tended. He succeeded in getting one room, but that was all. The others were all occupied. While pondering on his unpleasant situa- tion, and the prospect of his; having to pass the remainder of the night in a chair or on a billiard table, it occurred to him that it would be a good idea on the arrival of the train to take his intended to a jus- tice of the peace, have his marriage knot tied and his troubles would be over. Jus- tice Gordon was hunted up and the situa- tion being explained to him he good-na- turedly to sit up till midnight, and, when the bride arrived, he performed the ceremony, which enabled the couple to get along without further worry about the crowded condition of the Redding hotels. The gentleman who so readily rose to the occasion was Mr. Henry L. Smith of Red Bluff, and Ris bride was Miss Alice Wod- ward of Portland. soe NERVES *~> ‘THUMBS, Thambs ite. Observation of . Fwon’ and His Nervous From the Boston Gazette. “When I went to a nerve specialist first,” said a man who was once an invalid, “he told me that one way to judge of the condi- tion of a person’s nerves was to watch his thumbs. Ever since that time I have found the greatest fascination in looking at peo- ple’s thumbs. The doctor said that if they moved ir voluntarily outward it was a sign that the nerves of that man or woman were not in the best condition. I find myself now sweeping the line opposite me in a car, and if that doctor's test is a good one there is a surprising number of people in this town whose nerves need looking after. There are few among the women who do not involun- tarily move the thumbs out at intervals of every few minutes, and when your attention has been once attracted to it the process of watching their gloved hands grows very in- teresting. I have found the habit much less frequent among men, but take the average number of women in a street car and it will be a surprise to you to see how many of them indulge unconsciously in this little habit. I only hope it does not mean any- thing as seriou: it might indicate if that nerve specialist's was a good one.” ! FOR MUNYON A Sufferer From Dyspepsia Tells of His Wonderful! Care by ™ my Improved Homocopathic Remedies, Mr. W. T. Brasherrs, 2343 McElderry street, Baltimore, M “For years I have been a sufferer from dys 1 could not eat cnything cept soft-boiled «regs, and w: reduced to @ skeleton; my stomach would swell to twice its is and felt os though I bad lead im it. I bad become so weak that I was obliged to use a cane to get around. I had given up all hope of re- covery, and thought I minst dic. I had tried several Physicians, but all of them falled to help ie. Finally, I began to use Munyon's Remedies, und, to the surprise of myself and friends, I imme- Aiately improved, and after taking three bottles of Dyspepsia Cure was completely cored.” A SPECIFIC FOR EACH DISEASE. Profesor Munyon puts up a separate remedy for every disease. His Rheumatism Cure-never fails to relieve rheumatism in from one to three hours ard cures in a few duys. His Catarrb Cure post- tively cures catarrh. His Dyspepsia Cure apcedily cures all forms of stomach trouble. His Gold Cure cures the most severe cold in a few bours. ‘The Munyon Remedies sold at all druggists, most- ly 25 cents a bottle. Persocal letters to Prof. Munyon, 1505 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., answered with tree medical advice for any disease. steers a ENGLAND AND FRAN! They Are Now Almost Evenly Match: ed in Population. From the London Standard. The question as to the growth of France and the united kingdom, respectively, in point of population ts one of more than mere idle or patriotic curiosity; it is ob- viously a matter of the highest practical and political moment. Few people appear adequately to realize the enormous change which has been wrought in the relative po- sitions of the two nations in this respect in the present century, almost within the memory of persons still living. Suffice it to say that while Britain has been advanc- ing at an increasing rapid rate, France has been almost uniformiy dropping bebind, the addition she made to her population by the annexation of Savoy and Nice having been counterbalanced a few years later by the loss of Alsace-Lorraifie. How the two nations now stand will appear within the next few months, ‘when the next quinquen- nial census (1896) will be taken in France. The result promises to be a surprise both for Englishmen and for Frenchmen, for it will almost to a certainty demonstrate the fact that the united kingdom, for the first time in history, now possesses a larger population than France. At the commencement of the nineteenth century, the French vastly outnumbered the British. Throughout the war against the first Napoleon,there were seven French- men to every four Britons. In the year 1801 France possessed a population of between twenty-seven and twenty-eight millions (27,349,003), while the united kingdom num- bered less than 16,000,000 (15,896,412). In ether words, the French in i801 outnum- bered the British by 11,500,000. This enor- mous disproportion has, however, long ago disappeared. Almost every census that has Leen taken in the two countries since 1801 has redaced the difference between their re- spective populations, and almost invariably to the advantage of Great Briton, until in 1891 it was found that the French super- jority in numbers had shrunk to little more than half a million. The census which was taken in both countries in that year gave France a little over thirty-eight and one- third millions (38,343,192) and the united kingdom rather less than 35,000,000 (87,797,- 013). We observe, therefore, that during the first ninety years of the century the in- crease in France was (in round num! cnly 11,000,000, while in Great Britain it was 22,000,000; that is to say, Great Britain had been increasing twice as fast as her neighbor. It then became a practical cer- tainty that, even before the next British census of 1901, the population of the Brit- ish Isles would, for the first time in the history of the two nations, be larger than that of France. But we have official returns, published on the authority of the two governments, which enable us already. to go further than this, ani which justify us in affirming tnat, even at the present date (December, 1895), the population of Great Britain is larger than that of France—larger, probably, by fully 1,000,000 souls. The returns relating to the birth and deaths in France have in recent years been such as to inspire thoughtful and patriotic Frenchmen with the gloomiest apprehensions. They have discovered, to their surprise and alarm, that the French race, instead of increasing, have actually a declining, and that not cwing to the ra’ of war or disease, but chiefly xs a consequence of the hgbits and Geliberate choice of the people themselves. In proof of this statement, it is sufficient to mention one or two significant figures, In the year 1891 the number of deaths ex- ceeded that of the births tn all France by over 10,000 (10,505). In the following year (1892) the excess of deaths over births was more than 20,000 (20,041), so that in the two years there was, apart from immigration, an actual falling off of over 30,000 in the French population. In 1898, it is true, there was a slight recovery, the births’ being about 7,000 (7,146) more than the deaths; but the balance on the three years was a decrease of over 23,000 (23,400) in the total number of people of French birth in 1893 as compared with 18@. French writers rave naturally taken alarm at these figures, for they suggest the ominous question, “Are the natives of France, then, actually on the decline? Is the population of the country henceforward destined to dwindle year by year? And if its numbers are kept up, is it to be, not by natural increase and multiplication of the native race, but wholly and solely by the immigration of aliens?” It is already sufficiently clear that, unless there has been a change in 1894 and 1895 in regard to the births and deaths, the census of 1896 will show a de- cline in the numbers of the native race, ard that, if there be any increase at all in tbe total population in 1896 as compared with 1891, it will be due exclusively to fore eigners settling in the country. ———_+-2-+—___ Comparative Value of Foods. From Current Literature. Prof. Atwater’s exhaustive studies and experiments have led him to the conclusion that the greatest nutritive value in any kind of food of the same specific cost is to be found in cornmeal. He finds that in ten pounds of the latter there are slightly over eight pounds of actual nutriment; in eight and one-third pounds of wheat fiour there are over six and three-fourths pounds of nutriment; in five pounds of white sugar there are four and one-half pounds of nutri- ment: in five pounds of beans there are four pounds of nutrimert; in twenty pounds of potatoes there are three and three-fourths pounds of nutriment; in twenty-five cents” worth of fat salt pork there ere three and one-half pounds of nutriment; in the same tee hgdcon red ny“ there are two and one- foul pounds; in the neck of beef, one and three-fourths; in skim milk same as the latter; in whole milk cheese, a trifle more than one and one-half pounds, in smoked ham and leg of mutton, about the same; in eggs at twenty-five cents a dozen, about seven ounces, and in oysters at thirty- five cents a quart, about three ounces. This tatle will be found of value to those who wish to combine economy and nutritive possibilities in their selections of food. & ure me of this disease. I visited Hot Springs aud was treated by the best wedical men, ‘but wee Sot benefited. When all things had. failed ot determined to try SS3, Sand io foar |[N |i Moathewas 5) (entirely cured. The tert rible eczema \ was gone, knot a sign of it lett, general health built wu (“and I have never had any return of the Wit: case. I have often recommended S&S. 8. ang U . ave pas U yet known H Sta ure to cure. GEO. W. IRWIN, Irwin, Pa. SWIFT SPECIFIC CO., Atlanta, Ga. SOO RDORDORORORKOLOO Never fails to even chem all other ‘