Evening Star Newspaper, August 28, 1895, Page 8

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‘THE EVENING STAR, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 28, 1895-TWELVE PAGES. For Stomach Or Liver Troubles, Take YER’S Cathartic Pills. Received Highest Awards At World’s Fair. After sickness, take Ayer's Sarsaparilla. IF THE BABY IS CUTTING TEETH BE SURE avd use that oll and well-tried remedy, irs. Winslow's a Syrup, for children teething. It soothes the child, softens the im, allays all in, cures wind colic and is the it remy for aelo-ly rthoea. 25 cents a bottle. HARRIET HUBBARD AYER'S RECAMIER CREAM WILL CURB PIMFLES SAMPLE POST PAID ON RECEIPT OF 25 CTs. Brass Beds} 181 West Bist st. - - - == New York. Beni ood vragen ace C. Biacking ~ Trushes, Paint a Brushes, Hammers, Razor Straps, ing Brurbes, Butcher Knives, Bronze Padiocks, Call Bells, Bread Kalves, Ate Bite. CUT-PRICE HARDWARE |CO., Cor. 1th and E nw. jy3-3m,8 —And WHITH ENAMEL and BRASS Beds here from $4.03 up. Our assortment fe the largest and finest im the city. You're sure to be pleased with the bed and its price if you purchase here. THE HOUGHTON CO., Brushes, Clothes eyewear a 1214 F street n.w. gu27-20d BE A COLUMBUS. How easy it is to dis- cover that Burchell’s Spring Leaf Tea at 50 cents a pound, iced, has no equal. aut7-14d 1325 F St. Bargains In Long Hair Switches. 2.50. Former!; 00. 10.50, 4.50. Formerly Hair Dressing, Formerly nbz, Tisst-clase attendance In impooing, ete. ‘Try our’ “Curlette,” for keeping the halr fm curl. S. HELLER’S, 720 7th Street N.W. ‘All lovers of the delicacies of the table use An- ture itters to secure a igestion, bu! fenvice onty, manufactured by Dr. Siegert & Sons. t all dealers. SMUGGLING WITH SNOW BALLS. The Novel and Successfal Ruse to Hoodwink the Czar’s Soldiers. From an Exchange. Until within recent years the Russtan frontier on the German boundary was guarded in a surprisingly weak manner for @ nation so completely under military rule as the czar’s great empire. But now there is a strong cordon of garrisons only @ few miles apart and_a careful patrol service between them. The chief duty of these garrisons is to prevent smuggling end the introduction of nihilist Mterature into Russia. The duty is hard and monoto- nous, and the czar does not like to have his best-trained and most effective regi- ments sent out along the boundary line. For the most part these garrisons consist of young recruits from the eastern and central provinces of Russia. They are sel- dom expert soldiers, and the lax discipline they sre under is further weakened by their excessive drinking. Their small pay ig doled out to them twice a month, and every kopeck of it is immediately expended in vodka, After the vodka is gone they employ their spare time in making raids across the boundary line into the German farm yards to supplement their meager ra- tions. Along the entire boundary line between these two countries_there is a series of great, open plains. Over these an icy east wind blows in winter, and the only way the soldierg can keep alive on their patrol is by the building ‘of wood tires between the posts. Even then the patrols frequent- ly have their limbs frozen in their monoto- noug marches to and fro. Hence it is not at all difficult to smuggle across the boun- dary, and, indeed, it 1s suspected that the soldiers often add to their small pay by making deals with the smugglers and turn- ing their heads the other way when they pass by. Two exceedingly novel attempts were made last spring by the smuggling fra- ternity, both of which proved successful. In one case, late one night, a band of men in Germany began snow balling some vil- lagers on Russlain territory, and the Rus- slans returned the attack. In the snow balls thrown from Germany, however, ards of fine Brussels lace were concealed. hia method proved most successful, for even tho secret police did not discover it, and the guard of the frontier certainly had no fdea of what was going on. Quite as efficacious was the bringing in of thou- sands of nthilist proclamations through Si- lesia under the very eyes of the garrison. These proclan:ations were in the hollow staves carried by a body of men who pass- ed themselves off as pious pilgrims enter- ing Russia on a sacred journey. A Boundary Monument’s Disappear- ance. From the Ios Angeles Times. : The granite monument marking the Mexi- can boundary line at Tia Juana, in San Diego county, was upset last January by a flood, shortly after it was erected by the international boundary commission. "This elaborate shaft fell into a quicksand. Strenuous efforts were made to recover it. ‘The sand was probed to a depth of twenty- five feet, but no trace of the lost monument could be found. It has been necessary to buy a new site for another monument, 105x 100 fect, and erect a second shaft thereon. ———+e-+____. Snake and Hen in a Moonlight Scrap. From the Florida Times-Union. A fierce battle took place one night re- cently between a setting hen and a large chicken snake. The Times-Union corre- spondent heard the racket, and upon in- vestigation found biddy and the egg thief having it nip and tuck in the moonlight. Old biddy seemed to be on the aggressive and was giving the midnight marauder as good as he sent. As soon as the corre- Spondent took in the situation he quickly dispatched his snakeship and the brave old hen went back to the nest which she had so gallantly protected. ———— The Word “Fad.” From Notes and Queries. -The derivation of this word ts possibly traceable in the Welsh language. By the Jaw of mutation of initial consonsnts pe- cullar to that tongue, the root words ffedé ond medd are convertibie terms. Their es- sential meaning is pcssession; transitive or intransitive, possession of something. or the act of being possessei or engrossed by seme occupation or vice. Welsh med!, and Irish, Sanskrit and English mad have ‘simi- sar meanings, and are probably kindred words. The word mad is not common in Teutonic idioms, so thet the Angio-Saxons probably borrowed it from the Welsh. Fad , therefore, equally derivable from ftedd. ‘oxiimately, of course, it comes from the idland dialects, and ultimately from come root word common to many members of the Aryan family of speech. It would be trange if the two words, mad and fad, wving a similar meaning, should be trace- able to the same root. COMPARING NATIONS Major Dye Writes of Japan, China and Corea. SOME INSIDE WAR HISTORY The Big Fellows Fighting Over Little Corea’s Head. ORIENTAL POSSIBILITIES ——— Maj. William McE. Dye, who was super- irtendent of police for the District of Co- lumbia from 1S83 to 1886, is pleasantly re- membered by many persons in this city. For the past several years the major has been identified with the Corean govern- ment as instructor of military tactics, he having accepted the position through the intervention of the late Gen. Sheridan and other military leaders of this country. During the hostilities which prevailed be- tween Japan and China, which were con- ducted over Corea’s shoulders, Maj. Dye -had immediate command of the troops guarding the Corean king’s palace and grounds. Besides being a thoroughly edu- cated military man,-the major is the author of several books. As a writer he is quite interesting, and the following communica- tion from him to a personal friend in this city gives the true causes leading up to the war between the orients, besides other interesting data, made the more so by rea- son of this city being his home: “It is long since I heard from you, and equally long, I think, since you heard from me. The war has prevented my writing much, because at its very beginning I learn- ed that my letters were abstracted from the mail. Now that peace is within sight, @ venture may be made to again communi- cate with our friends. I say within sight, for I think the Japanese would hardly shave consented to an armistice of three weeks had they not been-ready to make peace, at least on their own terms. China has been humbled, and her resources have been quite exhausted. I speak of her mili- tary resources, especially arms and other munitions of war. For Japan to continue the war now it would in result be hari-kiri —a _war against herself, for China's navy and her organized armies have disappeared. Every day that war ccntinues henceforth zenders China less able to pay the indem- nity that may be assessed against her. And the risk to run of totally disorganizing the government, at least so much that there would be no responsible power with which to treat, to say nothing of the. risk of epidemics in Japan’s army and of the exhaustion of her own resources. In all probability, then, peace is not far away; and peace, welcome. to all, ought to benefit all the three powers specially interested— even Corea, which interests me specially, for the pugilists fought over her shoulder, within and across the borders. The very inception of the war, its conception, indeed, involved the condition that Corea should be used as a base of operations; and she has been so used more or less. To use her as a base, sophistry, subterfuge and du- Plicity were freely resorted to. Without violating the sovereignty of her territory, without violating international law, in what way may it be so used? Carea’s Neutrality. “The question could be answered in only one way: Corea’s neutrality must be de- stroyed, and the Japanese set about this delectable business from the very first. They banded a force here under false pre- texts, exhibiting in justification a conven- tion held with China in 1885, authorizing either power to land troops in Corea under certain circumstances for the protection of its legation. That convention contemplated in the main the protection of the legation, with a small force assuredly; whereas an army was assembled by Japan, and for an entirely distinct object, outside the con- vention, viz., to make war against China. Yet by no act of Corea had her neutrality as yet been affected. The Japanese, by chicanery, got possession of the person of the king. The bayonet literally—not meta- phorically—was brought into use, and his majesty was coerced into abrogating all treaties and conventions with China; into ordering the withdrawal of all Chinese soldiers from Corean soil, and into com- manding Corean officers and soldiers to render aid to the Japanese against the Chi- nese. Only a few were thus engaged, it is true, but enough to satisfy the Japanese that Corea had violated her neutrality and was now frretrievably arrayed as her ally against Chinese. Corea was now involved as a participant in the war, and her terri- tory was henceforth used by the Japanese for their war purposes. “All this was con- summated by oriental duplicity, in the be- lief, no doubt, that the wool was thus pulied over the eyes of the western world, though Japan had used the territory of his majesty from the very first just as she pleased, international law or no law. Form, international propriety, was only for the onlooker. If hasty action was sometimes Yaken by subordinates without due form, I regret to have to say, resort was had even to prevarication to get out of the diffi- culties. Japan’s Nationality. “So much for involving Corea, a peace- able and poverty stricken country, unjustly and unnecessarily in war, and to make it worse against a power she looked upon as @ traditional friend. You perhaps wonder why I have not had a gocd word to say of the Japanese, as you have seen the news- apers filied extolling their exploits, as is fashionable—it’s tho fad of the hour. My answer in general terms ought to be that I cannot forget the suffering, the destruc- tion of life and property caused by the bur- glar or buccaneer to extol his energy. It is not wise, if one would progress, only to condemn the former. Energy or enterprise wrengly placed is, in its results on civiliza- tion, worse than no energy. But the Jap- anese may beneficially—to their advantage —be contrasted with the Chinese. They have accepted western civilization in all the material affairs of life, and are apt scholars. And some of their native habits and customs are even superior and prefer- able to those of western people. There is full life, great physical and mental activity in the country; but there are shortcomings in their moral nature—utilizable it may be in their material progress, for the time be- ing, as was a similar lack with the Spar- tans, but bound eventually, if not reme- died, to retard her possible progress, bound to be an obstacle to her permanent pros- perity, and to keep her back in the ranks or oriental rations. The cause of this is perhaps an_ excessive self-consciousness, Courage, patriotism, variety are all in- spired by a rampant individualism, ushered as it were into a fairyland, a land to them of dreams, of air castles and great possi- bilities. Japan is in her youth of regen- eration, full of courage ane vigor, of as- piration and enterprise, needing, however, what wou!d answer the purpose of the fly wheel, and the governor, it is hoped and believed, may come later. The Contrast. “Without those moral convictions found among the best of western people the Jap- anese in their intercourse with the world are too apt to substitute expediency for morality and to point, for instance, to Eng- land’s occupation of Egypt as a model they may follow with safety in Corea. Not that they weigh pros and cons and come to a deliberate conclusion that “might makes right’—they imitatively fall into the line of the procession as one follows a fad. It ts in part their artistic sense, superlative in intensity, which leads them on. They are a nation of artists, and, too, they are as full ef fortitude as the Spartan youth who concealed the stolen fox who was gnawing his vitals away. With militant aspirations that are Spartan-like, there is a unique- ness in the possession also of an artistic fervor that is decidedly Athenian. An in- teresting people assuredly. What have we to set opposite this? Or is it that the Chinese have similar traits and that the strife has been. for ascendancy? No, it may be said once for all that they are not a warlike people. China’s limits are and have been immense for centuries, embrac- ing hundreds of millions of people crowded within the interior, with no outlet seen by them to parts where their condition would be bettered, and far removed from the strife and conflict of the borders; a peaceable people have evolved, fuily ab- sorbed by the realities of life—living from hand to mcuth a life of continuous toil, fighting flood and famine and suffering un- der epidemics arising from unwholesome conditions of life. The little conflicts on China’s borders are not felt in the great interior. And the so-called military force there maintained to secure peace bears a very small proportion to the great mass of the empire—perhaps one in thousand whereas, in Japan the entire nation is vi tually in the army—warlike instincts per- vade the whole. And the people in China have the authority of the revered sages that the profession of arms {s not desirable —indeed, the soldier ranks in caste distinc- tions among the lowest of the people. Of necessity, then, we do not look for a nation of soldiers here. Only the worst of char- acters enter the ranks of the despised pro- fession. If the Chinaman has any religion he is a demon worshiper. Evil spirits are habitually propitiated. Oppressed as he is by ignorance and superstition, he is so terrified by the occult forces of nature that a spirit of conciliation is developed. This spirit enters every relation of his life. No Warlike Spirit. “No effort, certainly no commendable ef- fort, is made to attract worthy people to the army. But the ruffians of the coun- try, the lawless, are governed, not by jus- tice, but by opering the soldiers’ ranks to them. And they have nothing to lose, but everything to gain, by entering the army. This is, perhaps, the best method of gov- erning the country; but it is a method, and has brought the most ancient of empires, of slmost unprecedented extent, compact in homogeneity, down into the critical light of these modern days. The contemporary warlike nations of Rome and Carthage, Assyria and Babylon, le buried under ce: turies of sand and soil, trod by the Bedouin’s steed and furrowed by the peas- ant’s plow. “Surely there must be something in this nation, surviving the convulsion of time, something politically or socially, .which should not be despised. And the processes of nature are bringing the young republic across the waters into her wake, though on a higher plane. Even the people of Eng- land are averse to militarism. And great armaments are kept up because of the shortcomings of man in the west, rather than in the east, because of a pure cussed- ness, which always keeps him in turmoil. It is a misfortune for mankind, of which they are generally conscious, that self- preservation seems to necessitate prepara- tion for war, for subterfuges, lawlessness and cruelty follow. “Do not despise China, then, if war is not cne of her industries, as it Is not one of her necessities. Do not despise her be- cause she cannot, at the word of command, lift herself out of the ruts worn to the depths of ages. Primogeniture stains the extant page of English history; also her hereditary caste. Her complicated and cumbersome system of money and cf weights and measures are as effete as some of the condemned customs of China. There are those, many, indeed, nations, as well as individuals, who would prey upon China, that would render her vulnerable. She ts attacked in every direction, her weak- nesses exploited, her sore spots irritated, her revered customs violated, her most tender feeling outraged—all that she may be provoked to open her bosom to syste- matic, if not unwarrantable, attack. Left to herself, she would trouble no one else. . Corrupt Government. “It is true that the government is ex- tremely corrupt—even more so than was that of England a century back, when of- fices were sold, when Death, in the garb cf Justice, made his rounds stealthily, with assassin’s knife in hand--far more s0, in- deed, than the city of New York in the days of Tweed. But the doctlity of this people, the isolation from exterior in- fluences of their great mass, renders them, with their ideal patience and remarkable fortitude, easily governed. “The peasantry are worthy of and need a good government and the influence of contact with the outside world. “They are laborious, abstemious, frugal and readily satisfled, self-poised and affa- ble; and their merchants have a trait cf honor in their business relations not else- where found among orientalg. Notably superior are they in this respect to the Japanese. But of that no more need be said now. The announcement of peace has come as I write. And all Corea is consid- ering how it will affect her. What will be- come of the disputed bone? The War's Result. “The Island of Formosa, four or five hun- dred millions of dollars and the occupation of Port Arthur until the indemnity shall be paid, all were prognosticated here as che prizes of successful war. The permanent occupation of the southern part of Port Arthur province, it was thought, would not be permitted, at least, if Russia and Eng- land could unite upon a policy for this oc- casion. Neither power can look with any complacency upon the dangers and the ultimate designs of Japan foreshadowed in this article of the treaty of peace. If the inveterate antipathies of these two pow- ers prevents their acting in concert here, the settlement of looming questions is only set for the future for one or both, and the difficulties of settlement will grow in geo- metrical progression as time advances. If they cannot come to terms now or in the near future, Japan will certainly become the ally, for a time, of one or the other power. This would open up great event- ualities, which I don’t care now to pursue. “Another of the articles rtferring to the independence of Corea is now uppermost in the minds of the people here. So long as the war lasted there was more or less a condition of war in Corea, she being the unwilling ally of Japan. This condition is to cease on the 8th of May, if the treaty is respected, for ‘independence’ excludes Japan as well as China from participating, from intermeddling, in the interior affairs of the country. Under the treaty the Japanese army of occupation should be withdrawn unless Japan desires to imitate still further than she has done England's policy in Egypt. It would seem, how- ever, that the Japanese here and pro- Japanese in power anticipate their with- drawal, for there is stumbling haste and nervous pressure manifested now to finish up under a condition of war all work that may not be so readily accomplished after the 8th of May. ‘The first announcement of peace was In a cablegram received the evening of the 17th instant. Forcing Concessions, “A few hours afterward the nephew of the king, a general whom the Japanese de- sired to go as Corean minister to Tokio, was rudely arrested and has since been confined in a felon’s cell. Under the terror this would naturally inspire the Japanese and their Corean coadjutors calculated to procure his mapesty’s seal and orders for certain changes in the government and for mining and railroad concessions and other valuable franchises. ‘The next day the ministers in a body spent half of the day with his majesty. This was followed the next day by the presence of the Japan- ese minister, all of them uniting and press- ing their respective demands upon the sorely tried ruler. On yesterday nine men were executed by these same authorl- tles, who ‘desire to coerce the king into doing their bidding. ‘The patriotic and gritty Tai-wahn-Koon, the king's father, the grandfather of the General Gee just imprisoned, followed his grandchild to the prison, and assumed all responsibility for any unlawful act which may be charged against him. ‘This old man, twice the regent of the country, has taken up his abode in an ordinary house near the prison, and is as watchful as the tenderest mother over a sick babe. Although the young man is charged with conspiracy muéh sympathy has been expressed for him and his-aged ancestor, because of the rude and brutal method used against them and in the belief that any unusual friction among members of the royal family has been caused, if not instigated and foment- ed, by the Japanese. Chicanery is as nat- ural to the ordinary oriental a3 heat {s to fire. I have not had time to say much about myself in this letter. I have quar- ters within the palace &nd see and hear most everything that Is going on. And I may truly say that I wish to see the end of the war. Through it all, however, 1 have kept in very good health.” ge Protected by a Whistle. Frem the San Francisco Call. : The marital troubles of Josepttine Ami- raux, an actress, and her husband, Geller Amiraux, were aired in Judge Campbell's court yesterday afternoon, when the hus- band was tried for threatening to kill her. She told of acts of cruelty, and it looked bad for the defendant. When he went on the stand he told his story in such a straightforward manner that the judge al- tered his opinion. ‘Mrs. Amiraux is a little woman, but her husband testified to over one hundred as- saults within a year by her upon him on the streets and elsewhere with sticks, cob- blestones, fists or anything that ‘came hardy. At one end of his watch chain he wore @ police whistle specially to summon assistance when she attacked him on the street, not because he was afraid of being injured by her, but.to save him from an- noyance. . MONDAY’S:PARADE Chief Marshal McHugh Perfecting His Plans. HOW THE LINE WILL BE FORMED Action Taken by: Labor Bodies Last Evening. INDORSING THE PRESS Chief Marshal James F. McHugh of the Labor day pavade yesterday decided that the work tkat would fall upon Assistant Chief Marshal Stiekels would be much too onerous, and he therefore appointed Mr. W. H. Hyde of the Bookbinders’ Union as a second assistant chief marshal. ‘The chief marshal has arranged most all of the details of the parade, and they will soon be announced in a general order. The chief marshal’s aids are as. follows: As- sistants chief marshal, W. H. Stiekels and W. H. Hyde; marshal—first division, Domi- nick A. Walsh; second division, George A. Tracy; third division, J. .F. Whitemore; fourth division, Michael P. Canty; fifth division, Charles J. Wells. Each marshal is to appoint two aids, to assist in the formation of their respective divisions. It is left to the discretion of the local assemblies as to what formation they will take in marching. The marshals will take the following positions during the formation for parade: Chief marshal and assistants chief mar- shal in front of city hall; marshal first di- vision, 3d street and Indiana avenue north- west; second division, 4% and C streets northwest; third division, 6th street and Louisiana avenue northwest; fourth di- vision, 5th and D streets: northwest; Sth division, 4th and D streets northwest. Local ‘assemblies will report to the mar- shal of their respective divisions at points mentioned at 9 a.m., and the line will move at 9:30 a.m. ‘The line of march will be down Intiana avenue to 2d street, to Pennsylvania ave- nue; around the Peace monument; thence out Pennsylvania avenue, passing south of the treasury building; along Executive ave- nue to Pennsylvania avenue, to Washington Circle; countermarching there, east on Pennsylvania avenue, to 15th street, to F street, to 7th street, to Louisiana avenue, to the Lincoln monument, a short distance beyond which the parade will disband. “Upon reaching the city hall on the re- turn the chief marshal and his assistants will take position in front of the same, \fecing sovth. The procession will then pass in review. As each division ap- proaches the chief marshal and his as- sistants the aids in the division will join the chief and assistants chief marshal and form in line to their rear. “Immediately after the local assemblies shall have passed the reviewing party will be dismissed.” The Federatien; of Labor. An unusually interesting meeting of the Federation of Labor Wes held last night at their hall, corner of‘Pefhsylvania avenue and 4% street northwest, and a large amount of business wd ttansacted. Presi- dent James F. McHugh‘ presided. There were thirty-five organfeatfons represented. A number of matters*bréught forward by various trades organifations concerning their relations with various employers were considered. ory A letter was read from Mr, N. Auth stat- ing that he has been Very unjustly treated through the medium of thé Federation, and asking that a committee be appointed to call on him with a view tolhaving the mat- ter properly adjusted, "Mr! Auth said that yesterday mcrning he'lafdoff two men be- cause he had nothing'for'‘them to do. On the other hand, the “delegates from the Butchers’ Assembly séserted that instead of laying off two men, as he stated;' Mr. Auth discharged four, ahd that he took this action simply because they are union men, and by retaining them he was liable to forfeit $300 to an association of butchers who have pledged themselves, under that penalty, net to employ union men. It was also alleged that when Mr. Auth discharged the four mef all the employes in the place walked out. Mr. Auth, however, effected a partial adjustment of the difficulty, and some of the men returned to work. Mr. Auth is not, however, satisfied with the status of affairs, and he wants to talk over the subject with representatives of the Federation. The committee was appointed as requested, and they will make a report at_the next meeting. There was considerable discussion over a report by the delegates from Carpenters’ Union, No. 1, that Superintendent Connor of the new Lafayette Square Theater Sat- urday last tried to induce one or more of the carpenters at work on that building to accept less than the standard “ate of wages. All those affected refused, it was reported, to accept the reduction, «nd one man“quit work, whereupon Monday a non- union man was employed in his place. The subject was referred to the contract com- mittee. The delegates from the Horseshoers’ Union reported that a long pending diffi- culty with Messrs. Hile & Fitzgerald has been settled in a manner satisfactory to the union, and that hereafter none but union men will be employed by that firm. ‘The delegates also asked that the name of the firm be taken from the unfair list, and it was voted to do so. The delegates from the Barbers’ Assem- bly reported the names of several proprie- tors of barber shops in different parts of the city who employ non-union men, and asked that all of them be placed on the un- fair list. Action on the request was ¢e- ferred. A letter was read from Women’s Bindery Union, Local I. B. of B., of the government printing office, statirg that they will not take part in the Labor day parade, but will have a reception in honor of the day at Typographical Temple, from 2 to 6 p.m., to which they extend a cordial invitation to all their friends, especially ,thosg in. :he societies of organized labor. ‘ The delegates from Bakers and Drive: Union reported that they will all be able to take part in the Labor day parade, as ar- rangements — been made whereby the former can work Sunday night, and ihe bread will be so delivered that there will be no inconventence to the public. Several of the organizations reported the accession of new members since the last meeting of the Federation. The delegates from the Bakers, Carriage Makers, Machinists and Horseshoers’ Unions reported that their respective or- ganizations have approved the action of the Federation in placing the Eckington and Soldiers’ Home railway and branches on the unfair list. Printers in the Purade. So much interest isbethg taken in the Labor day parade bythe members of Co- lumbia Typographical’ Union, No. 101, that it is fully expected theré will be nearly if not quite 1,000 men ‘in Ifhe. A circular, of which thé following is a copy, has been preparfd by the Labor day committee, and a copy will be mailed to each member today oF tamorrow: “Columbia Typographical Union in the Labor day parade. Our,urgon composes one separate division, the second, and will be under the immediage supervision of As- sistant Marshal George Ay Tracy. The di- vision joins the general parade at Indiana avenue and 4% street, The various chap- els will form in the immediate vicinity of the temple, and as fast,as they are in readiness will march, to;the rendezvous above indicated. The, particular meeting place of each chapel will be hereafter des- ignated. “The line of march has been published in all the daily papers. The parade will move at 10 o'clock sharp, and the committee and the marshal earnestly hope that our line will be in complete marching order not later than 9:30 o'clock. “The formation of the division will be as follows: First, Labor day committee; sec- ond, The Star and music; third, the Post and those without uniforms; fourth, the Times -and music; fifth, the specification room and branches of the government printing office;, sixth, float, with esco1 seventh, Mount Pleasant Drum Corp: eighth, proof room, government printing office; nizth, first division, government printing office; tenth, second division, gov- ernment printing office; eleventh, ‘third division, government printing office twelfth, fourth division, government prin‘ ing office; thirteenth, fifth division, govern- ment printing office; fourteenth, job room, government printing office; fifteenth, sec- retary’s chapel; sixteenth, I. T. U. press- men. “Each chapel should have a marshal in the person of its chairman or some one selected by the chapel. “Each chapel, where it is possible, is ex- pected to have at least one American flag in line, in addition to the chapel banner. “The general uniform comprises a soft dark blue hat, a light shirt, a badge and a cane. The Star and the Times chapels will have special uniforms. “As some of the most earnest members: prefer to parade without wearing any uni- form a subdivision will be formed for the benefit of such members, the only stipula- tion being that they must wear a badge to be furnished by the committee and carry a cane. This section will be headed by the Post chapel, wearing dark suits, derby hats and carrying canes. With this division our honorary members are re- spectfully invited to march. “To those who intend to parade uniforms will be given out at the temple Saturday, Sunday and Monday. The distribution will commence Satur at 5:30 p.m.” Signed by the committee— x W. N. BROCKWELL, F. C. ROBERTS, ALPHEUS SHOLL, J. W. LYNCH, FRANCIS BENZLER. The Trades’ Council and the Press. Not for a long time has the Building Trades’ Council had so interesting a meet- ing, or one where there was so much busi- ress of importance transacted, as that of last night, which, as usual, was held in Typographical Temple. President O’Brien was in the chair, and after the minutes of the last meeting had been read and approved, Messrs. E. M. Blake and M. F. Spohn were introduced as a committee, and urged the adoption of a resolution indorsing the newspapers of the city, and asking their help to secure the adoption of certain measures in which the building trades are especially interested. The resolutions were unanimously adopted, as follows: Whereas the daily press of Washington employ union labor exclusively and are friendly to organized labor generally, there- fore be it > Resolved by the Building Trades’ Coun- cil, That we pledge our support to the press of Washington, and express our apprecia- tion of the aid it has given to the legisla- tive committee of this body in securing im- portant legislation through Congress; und further be it = Resolved, That we solicit the active co- operation of the press with our committees in the interest of the building trades of the District of Columbia in their efforts to have passed by the incoming Congress a bill en- acting that all labor done on public build- ings and improvements, whether skilled or urskilled, must be employed by the day, end no work «upon any of such public build- irgs and improvements shall be done by contract, and that the Commissioners shall be required to pay the maximum rate of wages prevailing in the respective trades in the District of Columbia, and Mmiting the hours of labor to eight hours per day; also a bill looking to the protection of Dis- trict mechanics in the construction of proper scaffolding. New Delegates. The credentials of the newly elected dele- gates from= the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners ard Steam and Hot Water Fitters’ Unions were examined, ard being found correct the delegates were seated. = The delegates from the Galvanized Iron and Cornice Workers reported a grievance against a boss, who, it is alleged, does not pzy his men promptly as he some time since agreed to do, and a special temporary grievance committee was appointed to in- vestigate the matter and report at the next meeting of the council. Its Influence Growing. Under the call for remarks “for the good of the order” several speeches were made, in each of which it was shown tnat the Building Trades’ Council has already be- come @ power for good in the District, and that the scope of Its influence will continue to widen in proportion to the amount of interest taken in :ts affairs by the mem- ters themselves. It was announced that a special meeting of Local, No. 19), of Carpenters, will be held Saturday night next at their hall, No. 627 Massachusetts avenue northwest, and that the members are especially anxious to have every member of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners meet with them. A large amount of business of an ex- ecutive nature was transacted. The Electrical Workers. President John M. Berger of Local Union No. 26, Electrical Workers, today received a letter from Mr. Horace Risley, recording secretary of Local Union No. 29, Electrical Werkers of Atlanta, Ga., stating that the members of the union in that eclty have received en advance of pay, for which, as stated in The Star, they were contending. Mr. Risley’s letter also conveyed the thanks of the union to local No. 26 of Washington, Grand Secretary-Treasurer Kelly at St. Louis and all the various unions comprising the National Brother- hood for the prompt action taken by them in requesting electrical workers to stay away from Atlenta. There will be a spe- cial meeting of Local Union No. 26 tonight at 805 M street northwest to consider mat- ters requiring immediate action, ——.—— Shall Government Own Railroads? From the Forum. If the government may be safely intrust- ed with the transmission of our letters and papers, I see no reason why it may not also be intrusted with the transmission of our telegrams and parcels, as is almost univer- sally the case in Europe; or of our passen- gers and freight, through a state owner- ship of railways, as in Germany, France, Austria, Sweden and Norway. If the state owns its highways, why may it not aiso own its railways? If a municipality owns its streets and keeps them paved, sewered and cleansed, why may it not also light them, water them, and transport its citi- zens over them so‘far as such transporta- tion involves a monopoly of their use? Indeed, wherever the proposed business is of a public or semi-public character, and requires special privileges of the state, or a partial delegation of governmental pow- ers—such, for instance, as the condemna- tion of lands, or a special use or disturb- ance of the public streets for the laying of rails, pipes, or wires—there would seem to be no sound reason why such franchises, which are for the supposed benefit of the public, should not be exercised directly by the public. Such, at least, is the tendency of modern legislation in nearly every highly ctvilized state but our own, where great corporate interests, by putting prominently forward the dangers of paternalism and socialism, have succeeded in securing franchises which properly belong to the public. The fear, too, that these monopolies may be used for political purposes has hitherto proved an insuperable objection to their ex- ercise by the state; but the development of elvil service reform has of late been so rapid and satisfactory that its introduction into this new fleld of usefulness would fol- low as_a matter of course, and would ob- viate the most formidable difficulty in the way of the proposed change. Should the assumption of these natural monopolies by foreign states and munici- palities prove as successful as they now promise, the question which will confront the legislatures of the twentieth century will be, not whether these extensions of governmental functions are socialistic in their tendencies, but how long this country can afford to lag behind others which we have heen taught to look upon as conserva- tive and inert. Progress in this direction should undoubtedly be made with great caution, and each step should be taken in the assurance that the last one has already teen vindicated by the result. ———+o+—_____ Wooed In the Wet. Fiom the St. Louts Globe-Democrat. Allen Lester Fowler, 2 south side Chica- go society leader, is engaged to be mar- ried to Miss Emma Gibson, who resides with her mother at 1632 Aldine avenue, and is’ an extremely engaging young woman of nineteen summers. The engagement is a pretty sequel to the terrible experience Fowler, Miss Gibson, James Dalton and a boy had on the lake yesterday. The party had started out for a pleasant sail, and when about five miles out into the lake a sudden storm came up and the boat was overturned. Fowler succeeded in get- ting Miss Gibson back on the upturned boat. Miss Gibson was the coolest and least concerned of the party, and his ad- miration of her courage was unbounded. “Miss Gibson,” he said finally, “you are the pluckiest woman I ever met, and you are the only woman I would make my wife. I love you, and if we get out of this I want you to marry me.” “That's a bargain, wet feet and all,” re- plied Miss Gibson. “Shake on it,” said Fowler. They shook, and the wedding will occur in the early fall, THE ASTOR PALACE A Gorgeous Structure Which Has Been Built in New York. Spacious Rooms and Elaborate Dec- orations—Mrs, Astor’s Costly Bath Room and Other Features. From the Upholstezer. The new Astor palace, which will Le completed about October 1, will be one of the most beautifully decorated private houses in America. It is of the modern style of renaissance. It looks very much like a small Tulleries, mansard roof and all, but Is more elaborately decorated than the palace of Catherine de Medici, which was burned by the commune. This elabor- ation of detail !s carried into the ornamen- tation of the house proper. Some of the rooms are so profusely ornamented as to seem almost heavy. What looks from the outside like one house is in reality two, for though you enter in the center of the house by a flight of steps, there is a doorway on each side lead- ing to what has been made two houses I-y @ partition running through the middle. ‘This has necessitated the grand stair- case being made narrower than if there had been only one leading up through the center. Mrs. William Astor’s house is the north- ern one. That occupied by John Jacob Astor is the southern, on the corner of GSth street. Ultimately, at Mrs. William Astor’s death, the house will be thrown into one. As it is, some of the rooms are equally divided. This is the case with the ball room, which occupies the center of the house, at the rear of which is also a picture gallery. Otherwise, Mrs. Astor has suites of apart- ments which are almost precisely of the same size as those the younger couple oc- cupy on the southern end. The Grand Salon. Let us take Mrs. William Astor’s house first. You turn to the left on entering and find a small reception room decorated in tapestry, apparently of Gobelin make. This room, like all others, is as yet unfur- nished. Next to it, and reached @y going into @ large marble hall, is the grand salon. This is profusely decorated in gold. It is an immense room, the decorations being in light colors, but gold everywhere. When furnished the general effect will be inagni- ficent. Directly back of this apartment, sepa- rated by sliding doors, is the dining room, which is about the same size as the par- lor. These two apartments occupy nearly the entire ground floor of the house. This dining room is in strong contrast to the drawing room, the decorations being all in black and gold. The general style gives an effect of heaviness, the ceiling with its paneling and moldings presenting such masses of decoration that were it not high there would be a feeling of suffoca- tion. Yet it is all very beautiful and ex- quisitely finished. The service is made directly from an elevator which goes to the kitchen below, to the other side of the dining room, and back of it is a pantry a great deal larger than the dining rooms in ordinary private houses. In fact, the effect of all these rooms scems to be immensity. One hundred per- sons could easily sit down at one time in the dining room. Second Astor House. Going along the hall toward the south, a small docr is opened by the superintendent, Mr. Davis, and we now find ourselves in the second Astor house, the one that will be occupied by John Jacob Astor, his wife and child and some fifteen or twenty ser- vants. The upper rooms, the living rooms, are smaller than in Mrs. Astor's house, for the reason that more people must be accommo- dated. ‘The Lbrary is about the same size as the elder Mrs. Astor's, but the situa- tion of the bed rooms ts pleasanter, for they are on the corner of 65th street. First we come to Mr. Astor’s bed room, which has a small dressing room off. It is smaller than Mrs. William Astor's, and shows that he has given the best of it to his wife, for her bed room occupies the exact corner of the house, and is one-third larger than his. Next to Mrs. Astor’s bed room and front- ing on 65th street {s one of the prettiest apartments in the house—Mrs. Astor’s pri- vate bath room. It is Roman in design, the bath tub being made of one solid block of marble and carved out. The bath itself is almost round. It {s intended to be sat in rather than to lie in. 4 A little” Cupid 1s carved out of the same fece of marble at the back, and he is looking at two dolphins, out of the mouths cf which flow the hot and cold water. The celling, which is rounded, and which seems to hang like a canopy over the bath, is of Roman mosaic and of th = tiful finish. a sriiage Numerous Bath Rooms. Back of this bath room is the toilet. The first room beyond this on the 65th street side is Mrs. Astor’s private parlor, a good- sized room, but !n which the decoration is unfinished. Beyond this again, on the 65th street side, are two rooms, one for the day nur- sery and the other for the night nursery. ‘Then comes the nurse's room and her bath room. + . The two houses contain twenty bath rooms, the servants being accommodated in this respect almost as well as their mas- ters. Beyond again is a guests’ room, the only one on this floor, and from there we reach the hall again and have a better op- portunity to remark its proportions than from below. The ceilings are apparently held up by a series of female figures exquisitely molded, the work of Karl Bitter. The figures are all female and of life size, the position in every case being different, but each one graceful and refined. It is apparent that the best taste has presided at the selection of these different objects. At the side of the house, but at the back, a staircase unusually narrow takes one to the upper floors, but there are two elevators, one for the master and mistress of the house at the front and another for the servants at the back. The second floor is devoted to school rooms, sewing rooms and Mrs. Astor's riaid’s room, next to which is her private bath room, almost as daintily finished as those below on the lower floor. Wherever we enter the private rooms we find simplicity and good taste. The mass of gold and ornamentation seems to be reserved altogether for rooms to which friends will be invited and where the cere- monial receptions will take place. - Rooms for Servants. Still up another flight of stairs, running from the side and from the back, we reach the third floor. This floor is de- voted entirely to the servants and to stor- age purposes. One room is given to the apparatus for controlling the hot water with which the house is heated, and an- other to linen. All the rooms on this floor are small, though comfortable, and are given over to the numerous women who do the work gf the house. The finish of the rooms is just the same as on the floor below, hard- wood everywhere and tinted walls, a light blue generally. prevailing. Reaching the hall again, we walk to the rear, push open a sliding door, and stand amazed in one of the most gorgeous and beautiful ball rooms that it ts possible to imagine. The style has evidently been modeled after tho Francis I room at Fon- tainebleau. Above your head as you enter is the music gallery in wrought iron. Di- rectly opposite and at the other end of the room is a panel picture of Queen Eliza- beth, and round about it are some colossal figures, again designed by Karl Bitter. The two most prominent are of women holding with each hand a golden wreath atove the head of the Virgin Queen. Around about the rooms, and appearing to ba weighed down by the weight of the ceiling, are more figures by Bitter, splen- did in their muscular proportions and in the expression of face and tension of arm. Pictures line every side of the hall, and above them the ceiling springs into a cpnopy, the whole beirig lighted from above. This ball roonr is about seventy feet in length and fifty in breadth. It has a highly polished floor. This combination of picture gallery and ball room is most effective. ae 4 Impossible. From Tid-Bitg. Magistrate—“Prosecutor accuses you of having bitten his hand.” Prisoner—“That is impossible, sir; I am a vegetarian.” Ee ee EDUCATION IN JAPAN. Claim to Be Considered One of the Orient Civilizers, Jobn A. Cockerill in New York Herald. ‘The common school system of Japan is, in my opinion, the chief support of the empire and the promise of the future. There are only two grades of schools—the crdinary and the higher. Children of both sexes, between the ages of six and ten, attend the former. Children between the ages of eleven and fourteen are eligible to the higher grade schools. Every munici- pality—township, village, town and city—is required to build a school house, or school houses, according to the census returns of children of schcol age. These houses aré constructed according to the capacity and requirements of the school division. In the cities the school buildings are quite commodious and pretentious, though all are seemingly overcrowded. In the country many of them are poor wooden structures. It is oblizatcry for all children between six and fourtee1 years of age to attend a com- mon school until the course {s finished. ‘The law is not rigidly enforced because of the poverty of the country and the absolute necessity for children to aid their parents by some kind of labor. But where children are permitted to attend school there is no trouble about the attendance. There is no such thing in Japan as a schoolboy “‘cresp- ing, like snail, unwillingly to school.” They go trotting to school with happy faces. They all wear a black or white cap, with leather visor, and they carry their books in a leather satchel. The majority of them are studious and fond of books. Children of notoriously bad character or who are constitutionally disqualified for receiving Instruction are not admitted to the schools. What is Taught in Japan. In the ordinary or lower grade school the subjects taught are: Reading, composition, caligraphy, arithmetic and gymnastics, The latter is optional, according to the character of: the locality. One or more of the following subjects are also taught in addition to the above: Japanese geography, Japanese history, drawing, singing and handiwork. For girls sewing may be added. In the higher grade school the cur- riculum embraces: Moral lessons, reading, composition, caligraphy, arithmetic, Japan- ese geography, Japanese history, foreign geography, science, drawing, singing and gymnastics. For girls sewing may be added. Foreign geography and singing may be eliminated. One or more of the following subjects may be added, according to re- quirement: Elements of geometry, a for- eign language, lessons in agriculture, com- merce and manual training. In all the schools great stress is laid on essay writ- ing. Every class ts trained in calisthenics, Where singing is taught the children enter into it with great zeal, and they make themselves heard for a considerable dis- tance. In the common schools the summer vacation lasts from two to six weeks, and the winter vacation from one to five weeks. The number of holidays shall not exceed ninety in any one year. In schools of the ordinary grade military drill is Jeft op- tional. In the higher grade the military training of the male pupils is obligatory. To this branch great attention is giv and every boy who leaves school at the age of sixteen has in him all the elements of the soldier, save, perhaps, efficiency in the manual and use of arms. They are made —— with the highest forms of disci- pline. Qualifications of Teachers. Teachers :n the schools must have due qualifications. ‘They are selected and ap- pointed by the governor of the prefecture or the city in which they are to teach. These teachers are regarded as govern- ment officials, and a small pension is pro- vided for them when they are incapaci- tated by age of permanent illness. Thoir salaries are small, ranging from ten yen to twenty-five yen per month. Text books are chosen from those authorized by the minister of education, and are selected by the governor of the district upon the re- port of a committee selected by him. Last year Japan expended on common schools the sum of 9,055,980 yen. The government maintains a number of high grade schools, and the country is well supplied with ex- cellent private echools and colleges, which are maintained by tuition fees, and in some cases by government contributions to cover deficits. Last year the number of children educated in Japan at public expense was 3,280,452, and the average daily attendance was 2,489,657 pupils. It is estimated that at least four-tenths of the children of Japan are not receiving education at present, but this is largely due, as explained, to poverty and the apparent necessity for child lahor, which exists here to a lai degree. But the demand for school facilities is steadily increasing. All teachers in the common schools must have a normal school train- ing, and they must pass examinatior at the hands of a special committee appointed. by the governors of prefectures and mu- nicipalities. They are strictly required to be of good moral character. Religion is not teught in the common schools, but atten- tion is given to moral teaching. It is an- nounced that the new minister of educa- tion, the Marquis Salonji, is making decided changes in the educational policy of Japan, He has some new ideas about moral educa- tion, which he has formulated and placed before the-premier, and which will be sube mitted at an early day to the cabinet. e+ ‘Twenty-One Reasons for Hatred. From the Westminster Gazette. A correspondent, whose sex we decline to divulge, sends us the following twenty-one answers to the above question, “Why I Hate Woman:” 1. Because she stabs me in the eye with her parasol, offers no apology and looks as if I did it. 2. Because she pushes for a place in trains and omnibuses, and, being in, never makes any room for other people. 8. Because, in public, her prattle is au- dible and unceasing and includes the- biog- raphies and characteristics of all her friends by name. 4. Because she discusses frocks with hi sistet opposite and describes fabrics ani fixings as if at her dressmaker's. 5. Because she climbs to the tops of omnibuses, to descend from which demands grace and decency. 6. Because she thinks the only way to make an omnibus stop is to prod the driver if she cannot reach the conductor. 7. Because, being of the class for which omnibuses are not, she spoils her coach- man and ruins her horses by her ignorant or inconsiderate use of them. 8. Because, being of any class, she loves a “remnant day” and dotes on bargains. 9. Because she mislays her bag, loses her Sa and carries her purse in her and. 10. Beeause she recites, plays violins and rides on bicycles. 11. Because she reads accounts of wed- dings and lists of presents in ladies’ news- papers. 12. Because she walks three in a row upon the pavement and expects every one else to make way for her. 13. Because she worships priests and den- cons, as well as illustrious persons and cav- alry officers. 14. Because she is “fluent, but not lucid,” and more concerned about the number of her facts than the truth of them. 15. because, in nine cases out of ten, she can neither sew, nor read aloud, nor make tea. 16. Because she is always writing letters and wanting me and others to answer them. 17. Because she is the slave of fashion; and that, noi oply in clothes, but in ert, music, manners. religion, flowers, jewelry, language and furniture. 18. Because she does not value anything simply because it is “good” (following @ fashion set in the days before woman ex- isted), but because it “worn,” or “done, or even “talked about. 19. Because if she is “nice” she is sure to be conventional; and if she is not con- ventional she is generally not “nice.” 20. Because if you tell her a secret she passes it on at once to other friends—"T don’t mind telling you, dear, but it mustn’t go any further.” 21. Because she is often careless as to food and thinks cheapness the first re- quisite in wine. Japan’ _—se0e—____ The Orange Trees of Florida. From the Jacksonville (Fla.) Citizen. Orange growers all over the state have reason to feel encouraged. In the more southern of the orange-growing counties the trees are in good condition, and = ees crop will be gathered this year. In the or- aes belt the trees that were killed to the ground by the freeze last February will not bear for two or three seasons, but the groves are not ruined. Marion county is in the center -of the orange-growing region, ‘The famous Harris grove is in this county, near the town of Citra. The trees in grove were killed to the roots, but sin spring the new growth has made wond progress, many of the shoots now measur- ing ten feet. This growth surrounds the dead wood of nearly every tree. All the groves in the orange belt are practically in the same condition,

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