Evening Star Newspaper, July 13, 1895, Page 18

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1895-TWENTY PAGES. Senator Skerman Says Ee is Tco Old to Be President. er A VISIT 10 HIS HCHE IN MANSFIELD | er He Chats About Resumption and His Contest With Conkling. MATERIALS FOR A BOOK G. Carpenter.) july 10, 18 NOT people of United States shouid join together and of- fer it to me, I would not accept the posi- a my SSS | ty t responsibility Hy [ h come to the chief executive of the United States, It is a position of w and tear, and it should have a yo These were the word: of Sherman as we sat together in a little sum- mer kot just back of his Ohio home, and feasted our eyes on one uf the most beau- tiful farming scenes of the United States. I had asked tl nator point blank th ther he woull again be The above was his reply. It me from his lips in firm, sharp and de- i tones, and I could see from the ex- pression of his face that hisepresidential nilidaie. ambitious have passed forever. After making the abdve remark he stop- ped a moment in seeming meditation, and then went on. es, the presidency has always been a position of great wear and tear. It has broken n mary men in the past. It will probabl same in the future. And st‘i! I don't see why it should be so. I have a diferent idea of the presidency than that which has been heid many of our Presidents. I believe that the chief executive should be a man of leisure rath- er than an oificial hack. He should have time to consider and study the great mat- ters of pul with his office, and he sho not worry himself over details. These should be left to his suhorgnates. His cabinet ministers should relie him frem ail that drudgery. They should be his assistants in the carrying out of his policy. He should rely upon them to do their werk and he should not devote hts time and brain to examining the papers of petty postmasters, or of the tide-waiters at every small custom house. He should rely upon his cabinet ministers to carry out his policy. If they do not like his policy, and will not accept it, let him discharge them and take others. But he has no right to fritter away his vital force on clerical details. How Abraham Lincoln Ruled. “What Presidents have appreciated this fact, Senator,” said I, “and have saved themselv-s for the great questions with which they had to deal Senator Sherman thovght a mcment, and then replied: “Abraham Lincoln, I think, did so more than any of the others. He chose great men for his cabinet officers, and he trusted them. He left each man to do his own work, and he often laughed at the members of his cabinet on account of the fuss they made about their trouble with office seekers and their detalls of offi- celal management. Lincoln's mind was tahen up with the great things of the war. He had only one idea, and that was to save the Union. This was the idea that dominated the country and the whole north duri: his presidency.. It overshad- owed everything else and {t absorbed him. As for Cleveland, he is a busybody, and he must know everything.” “Who will be the republican candidate for the presidency, Senator?” I asked. “I cannot say. I have learned not to prophesy much as to the future. I can see no further into a millstone than any other man. What you ask as to the past I will be glad to answer, but not as to the fu- ture I can only say that we do not lack good candidates. There is Reed of Maine. Senator Sherman in 1893. His ability !s beyond question and he would be acceptable to the republican party. His locality is against him, however. There is McKinley. He is an able man and will make a good candidate. He will, I believe, have the support of Ohio, and I’ would like to se> him nominated. Going further west we find tor Allison, He is a sound man and has a good record. He would make a good candidate and a good Presi- dent. I think the situation ts such that there is little doubt of our electing a Presi- Gent, and that a republican will take his feat in the White House in 1897. ‘What will be the issues?” “They will be the tariff and the financial question. The democrats have so tampered with the tariff that they cannot raise enough revenue to pay the government's expenses, and this will haye to be remedied. The silver question will come up in some shape or other, and this may divide the democrat party. I don’t believe that it will greatly injure the republican party.” How Resumption Came. “You were Secretary of the Treasury, Senator Sherman, under President Hayes at the time of resumption, and you were author of the resumption act. Did you not find it easier to resume than you thought?” “Yes, I suppose so,” replied Senator She man. “I have always had faith in the bu ess ability of the American people. have always belleved in thelr honesty. [ IOUSE AT MANS fst rather than a pessimis' 1 faith in our ability to pay our debits, When I became Secretary of the Tre be redu and that our rate of interest could be lessened, though I had no idea how quickly and how easily the latter could be done. When I pecame Secretary of the ‘Treasury we had about seven kundred millions of redeemable 5 and 6 per cent bonds outstanding, and there was a con- tract existing” between a syndicate of Sin this country and Europe for the of three hundred millions of bonds at per cent. These bonds were to be sold or refunding purposes, and about $0,000, ( worth had Leen sold before I became Secretary. I thought this could be reduced, and [ wrote a letter to the Rothschilds ortly after I became Secretary telling them L pro} to withdraw these bonds soon-as their sale reached $20,000,000, 23 i expected to put a 4 per cent bond on the market. At this time there didn't seem to be mucir of a demand for the 434 per cents. ‘They were below par in Europe, and only At the Age of Twenty-Five, 1848. a little above par here. The announcement of the prospective 4 per cents caused them to rise, and within about three months the whole two hundred millions were taken. The credit of the country rose, and I got par for my 4 per cent bonds. Then Con- gress met, and thirteen bills were introduc- ed to repeal the resumption act, and a large number of other bills were brought forth to restore the unlimited coinage of the silve! which was then worth This scared the investors, subscriptions to the 4 per cei : As Congress went on, however, it was 8 that these bills could not pass, and during the next session the people saw that re- sumption was to be a fixed fact, und the + per cents again came up. I had sold enough to give me a sufficient gold reserve, and on the Ist of January, 1879, the gov- ernment was ready to give coin for all egal tender notes. To our surprise 10 one eemed to want it. One well-known finan- cler of New York had said only a few months before that he would give 000 to be at the head of the line en the day of resumption. He could have gotten his place for nothing. It was late in the day, only, that a few stragglers came in and asked for coin, and at the end of the fir: day of resumption the government real had more coin thar it had in the morning. Senater Sherman’s Memoirs. IT am very fortunate in my visit to Sena- tor Sherman at the present time. I came to Mansfield because I had understood that he was writing his memoirs, and I knew that his collection of private papers was greater than that of any other man In public life. During my talk with him he told me that he was working among his papers, but he had not as yet decided whether he would pub- lish a book or not, and that he could not allow me to state that he proposed doing so. He began the work, he said, with the idea of making a collection of his speeches, but he finds his material so vast ard of such a varied and interesting nature that he is still at sea as to what he will do with it. His letters are numbered by the tens of thousands, and they embrace the names of every man who has been prominent in the United States during the past forty years, and of the greatest thinkers of all parts of the world. John Sherman has been a part of every public movement in the United States, and there is scarcely a millionaire, a scientist or a statesman who has not consulted withghim. He has fifteen volumes of autograph letters, each of which is as big as a dictionary, which he has kept chiefly*for the sake of the names appended to them; and his private correspondence embraces a large part of the unwritten history of the past genera- tion, James G. Blaine was a man rather of speeches than of deeds. John Sher- man has been a man of action, and still he has made more speeches than Blaine. His public work began when Frank Pierce was President, and he has been in the very thick of affairs from that time to this. He has always had a large correspondence. I doubt whether he has ever received a let- ter which he has not answered, and he has been so noted for his reserve that public men have opened their minds and hearts to him without restrait. In addition to his vast correspondence he has saved his- torical material of all kinds. He has the Public speeches of the men of the past fifty years gathered from phlets and newspapers and bound into “yolumes, so that they make a Ibrary of themselves. He has dozens of volumes of newspaper scraps about himself, some lauding him to the skies and some damning him to hades. His congressional speeches fill a score or more of volumes, and, all told, he has per- haps the best collection of historical mate- rial in the United States. Senator Sherman at Home. During my stay with the Senator I spent some time in his Mbrary, and asked him some questions as to his habits of work. I have known him for years, and he {s one of the most methodical public men I have ever met. He never wastes time, and dur- ing the whole of his life he has been say- ing the intellectual pennies. He has four great werkshops—two here and two at Washington. At the top of this Mansfield house there js a room, perhaps thirty feet long,which is lined with shelves, and which is filled with congressional documents and scrap books. Here he goes when he wishes to get away from every one eise, and here he has written many a speech. He has a similar workshop in his new house in Washington, and his library there is of the same charecter as the one here. Down siairs in his Washington home he has a fine Hbrary filled with well-bcund books and containing all the classics. He has a similar library on the ground floor of his home here at Mansfield, and it is in this that he is now working among his pap This Mansfield library contains, perhaps, ten thousand volumes. Its walls are cov- ered with books, and there ts no great au- thor who has not a place upon its shelves. One secticn is devoted to biography, an- other to sclence and gnother to fiction. There arc books in French and books in German, and the works of Huxley and Darwin are as well thumbed as those of Dickens and Thackeray. Ths Senator's desk is in the center of the rocm. It was covered with papers this morning when I called, and on the floor there were about fifty volumes of Congressional Records and a number of scrap books. Just hack of the Senator's seat I saw a great, open vault, which had been cut into the wall, and which was so large that Jumbo could have turned abcut inside of it. This is for the keeping of the Senator’s papers; it is fire proof as well as burglar proof. A lit- tle white dog with black ears was sitting in an armchair on the other side of the Senator, end during our conversation he broke out again and again into a vocife: ous bark, until the Senator at last picke him up and carried him out of the room. The Senator's working hours were over when I called, by appcintment. He usi ally rises early, and by 8 o'clock is at work with his stenographer. He finds a great deal of his present work bas to be done with his own hand, and he told me he found the writing very easy, but that the work of research and of getting ready to write was very great. Sherman's Fight With Conkling. “Senator Sherman,” I said, “tell me, have you at any time in your career tried to get out of public life and back to private life?” “No,” replied Senator Sherman, don’t know that I have. I have always enjoyed being in the thick of things, and having a part in the carrying on of our government. There was only once that I came near going eut of public life. It was when I was Sec- retary’of the Treasury, under President Hayes. There was trouble about the cus- tom house at New York. It had been badly managed for years, and PréSident Hayes had decided to make a change. Chester A. Arthur had been collector of the port for six years, and A. B. Cornell was the naval officer of the New York custom house. A commission had been appointed to examine into the management of the custom hous and upon the basis of their reports Presi- dent Hayes decided to make a change. He did make it, and I sent a letter to Mr, Arthur requesting him to resign. He declined to do so, and Roscce Conkling gave him and Cornell to understand that if they held on to their positions he, Conk- lrg, had such an influence in the Senate at Washington thit President Hayes’ ap- pointees could not be confirmed. The Pres- ident appointed Roosevelt and Prince to take their places, but through the Influence of Conkling these names were rejected by the Senate. After the adjournment of that session, however, President Hayes suspen ed Arthur and Cornell and appointed Me ritt as collector and Burt as naval office! When the Senate again met, and these names came up for- confirmation, Senator Conkling was again on hand, and it looked for ® time as fected. 1 made a personal matter of it. I Went to the Senators, many of whom I had heen associated with In the past, and 1 ap- pealed to them to sustain the President. I told them that I would resign from my cabinet position and go into private life if they allowed Conkting to prevail in this mat I said I would haye nothing to do with a government that gave the President tke appointing power, and in this under- handed way prevented him from using it. At this time I firmly intended to have ¢ar- Med out my resolutions, aud had Conkling succeeeded I would have become a private citizen. He did not succeed, however, and that struggle as to the New York custom house was the beginning of the trouble which afterward culminated through Gul- teau in the assassination of Garfield, and which retired Conkling and Platt from the United States Senate.” FRANK G. CARPENTER. —— FREE BURIAL, It Ha» Been Adopted in Many of the Swiss Cantons, From the Boston Transcript. There is at least one country in the world where it costs nothing to die. In some of the cantons of Switzerland all the dead, rich as well as poor, are buried at public expense. Coffins and all other necessary articles are furnished on application to certain undertakers designated by the gov- ernment. Everything connected with the interment Is absolutely gratuitous, includ- Ing the grave and the religious service. one classes avail themselves freely of the ay funeral procession and se, for opening and closing the grave and for putting up and numbering the head- board. Furthermore, the grave must be or- namented by growing plants in a modest way at the expense of the community, but the bereaved family has the privilege of adding to such decorations. A special law provides for the payment of subsidies by the cantonal government to the communi- ties in cases of epidemic, In the canton of Glarus strangers as well as citizen ure buried at the expense of the state. The grave, too, must be kept in proper condition for a term of ten years. The cemetery is the property of the com- munity, and is placed under the care of a superintendent, who arranges for and con- ducts funerals, keeps a register of the graves, which are numbered consecutive- ly, and sees that they are properly marked and kept in order. The coffins are to be made of pine wood, and after a, model pre- seribed by the authorities, who establish a uniform price for them. The graves follow each other in regular order, according to date of burial, in uniform rows, and the dead are all laid side by side, without dis- tinction as,to standing in life or religious belief. Children, however, on account of the smaller size of their graves, are buried apart from the adults. In case religious services are dispensed with by request, bells are tolled In the customary fashion and the recorder of life statistics reads at the grave the personal record of the de- funct. Offictals and employes at burials are forbidden to receive gratuities. Wherever free burial has been introduced in Switzer- land the principle has been adopted that, inasmuch as death makes all men equal, there ought to be no distinction in the in- terments of the departed. It is assumed that all citizens, high or low, rich or poor, will avail themselves of the provisions of the enactment, and that all funerals shall be equally plain and unostentatious. Se Siberta's Dignity Advanced. From the London Datly News. Siberia has advanced to the dignity of supporting a concert tour. The fact would have been considered astounding by ‘he last generation, to whom Siberia was a snow-covered waste, across which prisoners in chains were driven. In many parts of Siberla, however, there are now prosperous settlements, and even towns and cities anx- fous to cultivate the arts. The well-known German flautist, Adolph Terschak, who has just finished a’ successful journey, is, we believe, the first leading performer who has ever undertaken a Siberian tour, but he has already visited Ormsk, Irkutsk, Tomsk, Krasnogarsk, Kurgan, Tobolsk and othe towns, with results entirely satisfactory to himself. The hint should not be lost upon many foreign artists who have litile chance in overcrowded London this year, oo And the Detectives Were Satisfied. From the Detroit Tribune, - “Hal” The murderer paused. “I must account for this pool of blood upon the carpet, and the great, dark, san- guinary stains upon the wall,” he hoarsely whispered. He pressed his hand to his brow, and presently he had it. “J will shave myself in this apartment, he said. : Accordingly, when they came and found him, they suspected nothing. ———_—ce0—______ He Needed a Change. From Life. Patient—“The heat ts so oppressive, doc- tor, I feel like committing suicide.” Doctor—“Ob, that would never do. As I said before, my friend, what you need is a change. —————_+ee_ His First Thought. ‘Madam, I much regret to say that your husband has appendicitis.” ‘Wife—“Now I krow wkere all my raisins have gone.” Foresight. From Life, Grandfather -Jones—“Give me fifty dol- Jars’ worth of assorted fireworks, and charge to my account. I’m going to amuse my grandchildren tomorrow.” Salesman—"We prefer cash, Mr. Jones; it's so troublesome dealing with executors.” though they would he re-| STRANGE TO SCIENCE A National Museum Explorer Visits a Little Known Region. MARVELS OF ETHNOLOGY AND BOTANY Plants on Which Toy Tops, House- hold Utensils, Etc., Grow. IN SOUTHERN MEXICO Written for The ning Star. R. EDWARD PAL- mer, explorer for the National Museum, has just returned to Washington from a region strange to scl- ence. At all events, the territory referred to, in southern Mex- leo, near the boun- dary of Guatemala, has been until now almost a terra in- cognita to botanists, and the whole of it ig literally a mine of curiosities ethno- logical. What will be thought of a plant h grow toy tops, which the chi aren spin? But that fs not very surprising in a country where most of the common household utensils and even the medicine bottles of the apothecary are produced by nature on trees and vines. Among other things Dr. Palmer has suc- ceeded in Solving the mystery of the origin of the jumping bean. This peculiar vege- table product has been on the market now for some time, but nobody bas been able to find out where it came from. The beans are infested by the larvae of a species of moth related to the common apple worm, and their movements are caused by the in- sects they contain, Up to date a man in Mexico has had a corner on these beans, being alone acquatnted with the source of supply, They have been selling at 25 cents e in northern and eastern cities, vhile they have fetched only that much per quart in San Antonio. Tex. But the secret is out, for Dr. Palmer has discovered the plants that produce the beans,- which grow on shrubs of an evphorbiaceous spe- cies, most of them being infested in the manner described. He has obtained spec!- mens of the flowers, leaves and fruit. Living ants’ nests were among the strange things discovered by Dr. Palmer. There was ‘a kind of tree that seemed quite ordinary until it was ascertained that every joint in {t was hollowed out and occupied by large black ants. It was so with every tree of this species that was met with—not a single joint but had. its colony of ants, These ants are extremely fierce and will swarm out to attack anybody who attempts to climb the tree. Consequent- ly the natives are careful to keep at a re- spectful distance, Ants of a closely allied tribe were located by the explorer in a sit- uation yét more remarkable. They make their homes In the great thorns of a sort of acacla, These thorns are arranged along the branches by twos, each pair resembling two horns and constituting a nest. The single entrance to each nest is alWays a little round hole near the extremity of the left horn, Used for Playthings. Many of the plants collected by Dr. Palmer are of species hitherto unfamiliar to botanists. One of these bears a fruit like a plum, the pulp-of which 1s eaten. This fruit is known as the “trompo.” The seed is precisely the shape of a toy top. In that region one frequently sees groups of three or four boys playing games with these tops, which they spin with their fingers like teetotums. There is a big tree of the bean family which produces long flat pods three feet in length, and these are used by the children as toy swords. A gigantic climbing bean, which ae flave served Jack of the nursery tale for a lad- der, furnishes the people with a substitute for soap. The wood of its stem is sold in bundles, and the housewife puts it to soak in water preliminarily to washing the clothes. It makes a good lather. Much more important from the economi- cal point of view is another tree belonging to the bean family, which bears so-called “ear-pods,.” The pods, which have a fan- cied resemblance to human ears, contain seeds that are very nutritious. During the dry season, from October to June, when corn is apt to be scarce, they serve as a staple diet. The seeds of this valuable plant are now being distributed in small quantities by the Department of Agricul- ture for planting in this country. Hither- to they have not been obtainable, and the present supply {s limited to the few quarts which Dr. Palmer collected. He got also some seeds of a morning-glory tree, which is likely to secure an {niroduction’ in the United States as an ornamental plant. It {s closely related to the familiar morning- glory vine, but is a large tree, attaining a height of thirty feet or more. At bloom- ing time {t is covered with huge snow- white blossoms, no leaves appearing until the seeds that follow the flowers have ripened. Household Utensils, Utensils of another sort, such as dishes, grow on trees that are related to our own catalpas. They are the seed pods and are called “‘calabashes."”” The trees are known as “jicaras,” and have reddish flowers. The calabashes are put to every imagina- ble use, serving among other things as market measures. One species of “jicara” furnishes excellent medicine bottles, which are somewhat the shape of whisky flasks, each one havirg a natural nezzle for a cork. These bottles are sometimes orma- mented with fantastic carvings in rude designs; they are very solid and almost impossible t6 break. The people of the territory described make an intoxicating drink from the cocoa- nut tree. They cut off the flower spikes and hang beneath them by strings empty ececanut shells. The sap drops into the shells and is carried to market. When fresh it is a mild and agreeable beverage, but it quickly begins to ferment, and after a few hours it is so stimulating that the natives frequently get drunk on it. The stuif is called “toba.” Cocoanuts also are plucked when only half ripe, and, the top being cut off with a machete, the milk, as clear and transparent as water, is drunk. At the bottom of each green nut is a jelly- like substance that is the beginning of the meat, and this is eaten with a piece of the outer hull for a spoon. Dr, Palmer obtained a number of pods from the cotton tree. ‘This tree produces immense quantities of a soft and downy fiber that is very much like ordinary cot- ton. In season the branches are fairly covered with the pods, which are three or four inches long and filled with white fluff. The latter is used for stuffing pillows and cushions; its staple is too short and brittle for weaving. An odd fruit of that region is the “mamma apple,” which looks some- what like an oval cocoanut with a thin shell. It has an agreeably flavored pulp, resembling that of the banana, and each “apple” contains a very peculiar seed, alout two inches long, that looks like a fish. An interesting tree, of which the fruit was collected, is the “skunk tree.” Its flowers smell worse than a skunk, and, not unnaturally, people carefully avoid it. Some Curious Uses. In the United States pumpkin seeds are good for nothing, except for planting; but in southern Mexico they are ground up for soups and gravies and for stuffing turkeys and chickens. The seeds of little wild gourds are pounded and mixed with sugar and water for a summer drink. Another cooling drink, acid and pleasant to the teste, is made from parts of the flowers of the bibiseus, a species of-mal- low. This latter is a favorite beverage for the sick. Wrapping-paper is practically unknown in that country, ard corn husks flattened out into small sheets are em- ployed as a substitute. Tamarinds and a Taste of ground cocoanut meat are done up in pieces of ecrn husks for sale, while wrappings of the same material are util- ized to protect eggs from breakage. To passengers on the Pacific Mail steam- ships are sold palmieaf tans of a remark- able shape—square, with long aandiles. These are universally used by the natives, but not to discourage perspiration. By them they are employed as bellows, for keeping bright the fires in the little char- coal furnaces, on top «f which they do cooking. Some of their contrivances are very primitive: From the base of the leaf of ‘the centnry plent they make a stiff brush for scrubbing dishes and collars and cuffs in the wash. Their corn is reaped usually by means of a small curved sickle, because it {s planted in rocky places on the mountain sides, where it can only be got at in tis way. Such corn fields cannot be ploughed; all cultivation must be done with the Fce. Rough pebbles, such as may be picked up anywhere, are utilized for the greatest varicty of purposes. When a plece of meat is tough, the housewife bangs it with a stone until it is tender. The custcmary way of opening oysters is to pound them with a_reck on the hinge until they fall apart. ‘This is a good sug- gestion for picnic parties lacking skill or a suitable knife; the method described fs surprisingly effective. A Primitive People. The natives of the region explored by Dr. Palmer are of the ordinary type of-mongrel Mexicans; that is, Indians with a dash of fcreign blood. They are fairly clvilized, living in thatched cottages of sticks and mud. Such a dwelling may be built for $5. But these people are as much attached to their homes as if the latter were palaces. They eke out a scanty subsistence by primitive methods of agriculture, having few needs. Corn cakes, called “tortillas,” and beans are an ever-satisfying diet, and the thermometer seldom goes below sixty degrees in winter. The inhabitants are hospitable, and, if a housewife has two .ccrn cakes for supper, she will give one of np who begs. Oddly enough, that country is one of the worst in the world for tramps. Wherever they come from, they allege that they are citi- zens of the United States, and they give great annoyance to our ‘consuls by in- Cessant demands for money and free trans- portation. They seem to think that they have a right to be carried anywhere they please without paying. . Dr. Palmer's base of operations was Aca- pulco, an important seaport on the west ccast. Mexican troops were assembled in that neighborhood during the recent trou- ble with Guatemala over the boundary uestion. The town has a population of 5,000, and is sald to possess the most thickly settled graveyard in the world. The people die much faster than they are bora, but the number of citizens is kept up by the them to the first t country people, who, as in the United States, are continually deserting their farms. The streets are too narrow for cars or even for carriages. ‘here are only three carts in Acapulco, everything being carried by human beings on their backs. Dr. Pal- ee thirty men engaged in moving a safe. ‘The steamship Colima met her fate while on her way to San Francisco from Acapul- co, which is a coaling and watering station for the Pacific Mail Company. The dis- aster that befell her had long been antici- pated, owing to the practice that prevailed of crowding “he decks of the vessels with freight, particularly lumber. In fact, the accident was predicted in all its dreadful details by many persons years ago. . RENE BACHE. —___ Ovigin of the John Brown Song. From the Brooklyn Eagle. Brander Meithews, in the “Century” of August, 1887, says: “The genesis of both words and music is obscure and involved. ‘The raw facts of historical criticism—names, places and dates—are deficient. The mar- tial hymn has been called a spontaneous generation of the uprising of the north, a self-made song, which sang itself into being of its own accord.” Mr. Matthews must intend to be satirical, for that kind of temper is disclosed by what he adds: f one may fully rely on Maj. Bosbyshell * * * the sung was put together by a quartet of men in the second battalion (Tigers), a Massachusetts command quar- tered at Fort Warren, Boston harbor, in April, 1 just at the .time when ‘My Maryland’ was getting itself sung at the uth.” The writer of an article for the “Century” might have bestirred himself in the interest of his readers suflicient to get at the facts fairly. “John Brown’s Bedy” was written by Charles S. Hall of Charlestown, Mass. The melody was a negro tune sung In South Carolina and Georgia at the re- ligious meetings of the slaves to the words, “Say, brothers, will you meet me?” We find a note in the-Franklin Square Song Collection, No. 6, in which it is stated that on the evening of a John Brown meeting in Faneuil Hall, Roston, just after the ex- ecution, “a crowd of boys paraded the streets of Boston, singing to a familiar air a monotonous lament, of which the burden was, “Tell John Andrew, John Brown's dead!" When the flag at Sumter was fired at some memory of this strcet song seems to have survived, and to have combined with, “Say, brothers, will you meet me?” a melody which Thane Miller heard in a colored church in Charleston, S. C., about 1859, and which he soon after introduced at a convention of the Y. M. C. A. at Al- bany. James E. Greenleaf, organist of the Har- vard Church in Charlestown, Mass., it is said, fitted this alr to the first stanza of the Present song, which became so great a fa- vorite with the Boston Light Infantry in 1861 that additional verses were written for it by Charles S. Hall. The time of the original air was modified to a march, and it became the song of the hour. It was the regiment of Col. Fletcher Webster which first adopted it as a marching song. The soldiers of this regiment sang it as they marched down Broadway, New York, July 24, 1861, on their way to the front. - Aboriginal Bon Mot. From the Detroit Tribune. It being a warm evening, the chief Pow- hatan removed his collar before proceeding to the execution of Mr. John Smith. “Now will you be good?” he thundered, waving his meat cleaver aloft. “Papa,” observed Pocahontas, leaviag the royal box and stepping to the front of tiie stage, “please don’t ax him.” At that the doomed man broke into a Joud laugh, in which the gallery occupied by persons who never read the newspapers heartily joined. Why Nott Mr. Bimeby takes his dog Ootah to the furrier’s and has him measured for a few muffs. And Ootah comes out another dog. ANGELIC INNOCENCE The Theory That It is an Attribute of Infants, CHILDREN ARE BORN SPOILED Why Should We Expect to Bring Angels Into the World? THE DUTY OF PARENTS Written Exclusively for The Evening Star. A MONG THE TRADI- tional theortes that have been until re- cently accepted al- most without ques- tion by the vast ma- jority of human be- ings, the theory of the angelic nature of very young children has been one of the most universal and Popular. Leaving out the question of “orig- inal sin,” which, as far as it may be understood by the un- believer, consists solely in the sin of be- ing bern at all, the guileless innocence and immaculate purity of the human infant has been one of the favorite themes of poet, artist and theologian, ce time im- memorial. Only soured spinsters and erab- bed old bachelors have ever thought of questioning this pleasing belief of doting parents and driveling sentimentalists; but in these latter days the light of science has shed its rays into many dark corners, and compelled people to overhaul the rub- bish heaps that have collected there, and among other outgrown and worn-out bellefs and theories this one has had to go by the board. The fact has to be met and ac- cepted that the offspring of human par- ents Is not a little angel, fresh from para- dise, but an undeveloped man or woman, a conglomeration of the characteristics, tendencies and idiosyncrasies, physical, mental and psychical, not only of its im- mediate forbears, but of long lines of an- cestors, lines that lose themselves at last in an obscurity for which most people have reason to be devoutly thankful! Ignorant the new-born infant may be, though the look of bald-headed wisdom that rests upon the small wrinkled counte- nance arouses doubt even on this point— and helpless, if you will, though the abil- ity of one of these atoms to keep half a dozen adults on the stretch every minute of the twenty-four hours, and a whole neighborhood awake all night when open windows have reduced it practically to one family. Such ability, I repeat, could hardly be said to belong to a state of helplessness. A Cherub of Six Months. Admitting, even, the innocence of ignor- ance, how long does it last? How long be- fore the angelfe visitor manifests a capac- ity for wrath that threatens to rend its tiny body in twain? Observe that pink and white, gold-crowned cherub of six months; see it writhe and stiffen; see Its blazing eyes, its empurpied countenance, its doubled. fisis—and all because of the thwarting of its efforts to get at the gold-rimmed glasses of the old gentleman on the right, or the gay flowers on the hat of the lady on the left! See it claw red furrows on the face of its hapless nurse or mother, tear at her hair and her hat and her necktle, wring her nose almost off its base, pound, stamp and otherwise maltreat her—and then prate of the heavenly innocence of babies! Irresponsible, no doubt, for that was its father’s or grandfather's ungovernable or ungoverned temper which was rending that infant form; but innocent in the sense of a divinely immaculate nature that child is not; and the sooner we lay aside the angel theory and accept the painful but in- teresting truth the better for everybody. Why should we bring angels into the world? What right have we to expect it? Shall the unpleasant jimson weed produce watermelons or the prickly blackthorn peaches? What manner of men and women are we that we experience surprise and mortification when we are made to confront the fact that the offspring of our united imperfections are neither physically nor mentally what we would fain have had them? The amount of it is that most children are born spoiled, and only the most favor- able environments can counteract_and over- come the evil tendencies and dangerous weaknesses with which the little crafts are freighted and sent on their perilous life voy- age. Responsibilities of Parenthood. ‘Truly, parenthood is a fearful responsi- bility! If we only could be made to real- ize this more fully, surely it would have a restraining influence on many who now, through sheer ignorance and*thoughtless- ness, wear the insignia of paternity or maternity so lightly. How few of us are fit to be the intimate companions and in- structors of these budding men and women! How few of us are willing to conform to the requirements, to govern our tongues, our acticns, 2ur deportment, even, knowing ourselves to be the models upon which these little beings we have had the temer- ity to usher into existence are unconscious- ly forming themselves! It seems so much easier and more amus- Ing at the time to indulge their every whim, to laugh at thelr puny rages and even to encourage and stimulate their quaint exhibitions of naughtiness. Con- stantly cne sees little children given every- thing they ask or cry for, and not only not ctecked in manifestations. of temper, but actually given sticks or other weapons, and told to “hit” this one or that one who has incurred their displeasure, the act being applauded and rewarded by a criminally foolish circle of relatives. “Isn't he cute?” cries mamma, in rapture. Later on when her idolized Harry has killed a playmate with a stone or knife in a fit of temper, or stil later shot or beaten the wife of his bosom in an insane rage, she will perhaps recall the fact that Harry “always did have a violent temper,” but blame herself she will not, for this sort of woman is incapa- ble of reasoning. And what I say of the mother I say of the father with equal in- sistence. When for your amusement you arm your infant son with a cudgel and per- mit him to belabor yourself or another, when you put a cigar or pipe to his lips, or teach him to repeat slang words or songs, you are committing a crime, the conse- quences of which may or may not fall upon your own head, where they belong, but which are sure to follow, to some one’s harm and the child's own ruin. ‘The Case in Point. A few days ago a very tidy nurse carry- ing a daintily dressed child a year or two old got into one of @ur herdics. A lady passenger who knew the child’s family be- gan talking to it, after the manner of wo- men under such circumstances. Suddenly the occupants of the herdic were paralyzed by hearing the infant gravely remark, “It's ‘agmned hot!” Of course, after the first shock there was a simultaneous shriek of laughter, and, of course, the homunculus continued, parrot- Tike, to repeat his remarks on the weather, ad infinitum. I doubt if any of us, the most refined, the most solicitous, the most severe, could have refrained from a smile had we been present. The words are not wicked except in a conventional sense (aad it was hot that day), but is it likely that a child’s starting out under such condi- tions as may be supposed to environ this one will develop into a desirable member of society? Altogether, are we doing our duty by these little ones? Would !t not be better to drop that threadbare sentimental theory of angelic innocence and take them as they are—charming little beings very often, and very often something quite the 1everse, but always interesting, mysterious, and, beyond all other subjects, demanding our sympathy, our help, and our worthy example? JULIA SCHAYER. ee Answered, From the Pittsburg Chronicle. Teacher—Which letter is the next one to the letter H?” Boy—“Dunno, ma’am.” Teacher—‘What have I on both sides of my nose?” Boy—‘Freckles, ma’am.” RAILROADS. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. Schedule in effect July 12, 1805. Washington from station, "corner of New Jersey avenue and C street. rthwest, Vestibuled Limited ) p.m. Louis and Louisville, Vesti- P.m.; express, 12:01 night. vr Pittsburg aud Cleveland, express, daily 11:30 . sand 9:10 pan. or Leatiston and Staunton, 11:30 a.m. fur Winchester and way stations, °%:30 p.m. For Luray, Natural Bridge, Roanoke, Knoxville, Orleans, 11.20 ar Wasbington Junction and way points, * » 30 a “1 Express trains stopping ining Car), open at 10 Fr), (7200 Dining 30° Di 00 (12:01 night), 10:00 p.m, Hifet Parlor Cars op ail day trains, or Atlantic Cit we May, 4:55 a.m, oniy), 12:30 p.m.’ Sundays, aks cs 8:00 a.m. Saturday, 5 a.m. ***Sunday uly. R. B. CAMPRELL, v Station cx of Oth and B streets, In effect June 28, 1895. PEN ANIA’ LIMITED.—Puilman eping, Din sking and Gbservation Cars Harrisburg ago, Cincinuatl, Indianapolis, St. Louis, Cievcland and Toledo. " Builet Parlor Car to Hirrisivarg. 10:80 AM. ! LINE.—Pullmam Buffet Parlor r to Harrisburg. risks Parlor and Diving Cars, Har- E Harrisburg to St. ile’ and Chicago. EKN EXPRESS.—Pullman go, und Harrisvurg to Cleve ann cago. WESTERN EXPRESS.—Pullman Dining Cars to St. Louis, and Sleep- aig to Cincinna s liman Sleeping "IG EXPRESS ittsburg. . for Kune, Canandaigua, Rochester, and Is daily, except Sunday. for Elmira and Renovo, dallz,, except ve Williamsport daily, 8:40 PIM. 0 P.M. for Williamsport, Rochester, Buffalo, and Niigara Falls dally, except Saturday, with Slee ing Car Washington to Suspension’ Bridge y Buffalo. 10:40 P.M. for Erie, Canandaigua, Rochester, But- falo, ingara Falls daily, Sleeping Car Wash- ington to Elinira For oe . New York and the, East. .M. “CONGRESSIONAL LIMITED,” all Par- or Cars with Dining Car from Baltimore, for Kew York daily, for Phitadelphia’ weeledays, Regular at 7:05 (Dining Car), 30, 9:6 10:00 sDining Car), end 11:00 wea f Car) AM. 5, 3: 4:20, 6:40, 10:00, and 11:35 P.M. On Sun- 05 ‘(Dinhig Car), 7:20, 9:00, 11200 (Dink aS ae 4.20, ete aes a vor Pl ia ‘only, Fast Express 280 AM. week-days, Eepress, 2:01 und "Ssa0 -M. dilly. For Boston, ‘without change, 7:60 £.M. week-days, and 3:15 P.M. dail: = For Baitimoze, 6:25, 10:30, xf 40 (4:00 Limited), 40, 10:00, 10:40, and’ 11 M. For Pope's Creek Line, 7:20 A.M. and 4:36 P.M. daily, except Sunday. For Ahnapoi 9:00 A.M., 12:15 and 4:20 ‘except Sunday. Sundays, 9:00 A.M. Express for Richmond, Jack- 4:30 AM 30 P.M: daily, 8:40 P.M. daily. Rich- id only, 10:57 A.M. week-days. pmodation for Quantico, 7:45 A.M. daily, and P.M, week-days, PM. Leave Alexandria :00, 9.10, 10:15, 23, 5:00, 5:30, 7:00, , 9:30, 10:83, and 11:08 (P.M. ‘On Sunday at 6:43, 9:10, 10: AM 255, 6:30, 7:00, 7:20, 9:10, and’ 10:53 SEASHORE CONNECTIONS. For Atlantic City. 9:00 (Saturdars only). 10:00, duit. A.M. week days, 12:15 and 11:35 P.M. ipe May, 10:00 A.M. (Saturdays only), 12:15 M. week days, and 11:35 P.M. daily. ‘et offices, northeast corner Of 13th street and Pennsylvanta avenue, and at the station, 6th and B streets, where orders, can be left for the check- ing of baggage to destination from hotels and res- idences. . S. M. PREVOST, I, R. woop, General Manager. General Passenger SOUTHERN RAILWAY. Piedmont Arr Line.) Schedule in effect May 19, 1605. All trains arrive and teave at Pennsylvania Passenger Station. - 8:00 vp! Local for Danville. Connects at etter Ge ea cae ate and with C. & O. daily for Nutural B: re TEs “OM Datly—tThe UNITED STATES : —Dally— S ATES F. MAIL carries Pullman Buffet Sleepers New Yon and Washington to Jacksonville, uniting at Char- Totte with Pullman Sleeper for Augusta; also Pull- man © New York to Montgomery, with con- nection for New Orleans; connects at Atlanta with a Sleeper for Birmingham, and St. adii0! P-M-—Local for Strasburg, dally, except San- 4:45 P.M,—Dalls—Local for Charlottesville. 243 P.M.—Dailr—WASHINGTON AND SOUTH- Pou Festibuled Sl ‘and Dining Geen, Pull man oepers Pull- man Sleepers Washington to Chattanooga, via’ Salis- bury, Asheville and Knoxville. New York to Mem- phis ‘via Birmingham, New York to New Orleans via Atlanta and Montgome-s, and New York to Tampa via Charlotte, Columbia and Jacksonville, Coach Washington to Jacksonville. Parlor Car Co- Tumbia to Augusta. Dining Car from Greensboro’ to_ Montgomery. ‘TRAINS BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND ROUND HILL leave Washington 9:01 A.M. daily, 1:00 P.M. ‘and 4:30 P.M. daily, except Sunday, and 6: P.M. Sundays ouly, for Hound Hin, 2 a, except Sunday for Leesburg. MM. for Herndon. Returning, arrive at’ Washington 8:20 A.M, and 7:00 P.M. dally, end 2:25 P.M. daily ex- cept’ Sunday from Hound: iil, 8:84 A-M. dally ex- cept Sunday from Levaburg ind, 7.06 A.A. datiy, except Sui from Herndon only. ‘Through tralhs from the south arrive at Washing- $luancne Division, 0-49 A.M. dally, except Sanday, Ma: vision, 9:45 A.M. daily, except is 3d 8:40 ASL. daily’ from Charlottesville. ‘Tickets, Sleeping Car reservation and information furnished at ofices, B11 and 1300 Penossivanin ave- — and at nnsylvsnia Railroad Passenger Stae tion. W, H, GREEN, General Superintendent. i. M. CULP. ‘Trafic Manager. ‘W. A. TURK, General Agent. my20 L. 8.’ Brown, Gen. Agt. Pass. Dept. CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAILWAY. Schedule in effect July 1, 1895. Trains leave daily from Union Station (B. and PL 4 6th and B sts. = with vito te etanget,ecnmy 18 Americ, ith ‘und Most ice west, from Washington. 2:25 P.M. DAILY.—“Olncipnati and St. Louis Special’’—Solld Vestibuled, Newly Equipped, Elec- PMeclighted, Steam-heated ‘Train, 6 fluest Jodians oa St SSithout change. Dining lis a ge 5 Krrive Gloctasatt. 8:05 11:30 a.m., 80 Hot writ ‘Without ation cor from, Hinton. ingt , re Goehodatt 5:50 p.m.: Lexington, 6:00 p.m.; Loals- St. — 7:30 a.m.; connects in nts SUNDAY, —For Old Point DAILY. tyres, for Gordonsvill real Staunton and ville, 9:40" p.m.; Indianapolis, 11:05 p. 7:30 a.m., apd Unio& Depot for_all 10:57 A.M., EX Guunfort and Nortaik, ‘ EE ME. lottesrilie, Waynesboro’, pal Virginia polnts, daily; for Richmond, Saily, a rt tions and a a company’s of- M421 Penney vit. PULLER, General Passenger Agent. = MEDICAL. NO FEE UNTIL CURED. Dr. Czarra, 002 F ST. N.W., Washington, D. C. 1c, nervous aud blood discases, ioe at opine habit. SPECIALTY--Kid- fey and Bladder Trouble, Piles, Fistula, Strie- , ke. Special diseases | positivel; per Manently’ cured; vitality res Sonsultation free. hours: 9 to 12 a.m., 2 to 5:80 p.m., 6:30 toe pun: Sundays, 4 to 7 p.m. dyli-tm AFTER ALL OTHERS FAIL CONSULT TRE OLD Fiabe specialist, Dr. Brothers, 906 B st. s.w.; §0 years’ experience In treatment of all diseasca of men; consultation free and strictly confidential 4e20-1 OLD SORES, ULCERS, BLOOD Cancer, Minn, Gned without use of Kaltes nume-ous city references; no charge for consulta> thn. DR, CEORGE LILLEY, wee Eyll-3m* Office and Kesidence, 353 H a.w.