Evening Star Newspaper, December 22, 1894, Page 16

16 THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1894—TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. — FRANCE’S RED RIBBON How the Legion of Honor Came Into Being. Earge Increase ii Measures Adopted to Reduce th This Honor. the Membership— Namber Recei Brom the New York Tribune. The Grand Cordon of the Legion of Honor worn by Napoleon, the founder of the order, is now exhibited as bric-a-brac in some Napoleonic collection uptown, and will very likely find a pessessor here and be hung up as a trophy in some private or public museum. If it were the sword of Frederick the Great, which Napoleon took from Potsdam, but which was restored to its place. where it yet hangs, trenchant emblem ot the real foundation of the Prus- sian power, it could hardly be a more in- teresting object of contemplation. Of the order itself, Goethe said that it was the nly one of like kind ever founded upon a rational principle, which was doing scant honor to the Prussian order of merit founded by Frederick, and then become one of the most coveted distinctions which any royal house of the fatherland had to bestow. The law instituting the order, originating with and supported by Napoleon, then of the consulate, afd opposed by Carnot and his followers, was enacted in May, 1802, and the first distribution of its decorations took place at the Hotel des Invalides two years afterward. It was intended as a counterpoise to the orders of the clergy and the nobility, and its prizes were to be the reward of every form of merit, irre- Bpective of the rank or place of the recip- fent. In its original institution there were fifteen cohorts, each with its chief town, and each consisting of seven grand offiegrs, twenty commanders, thirty officers and three hundred and fifty Iegionary knights. It superseded the old aristocratic orders of France: That of St. Michael, founded in 1469 by Louis XI, a rival of the great Burgundian Order of the Golden Fleece; St. Esprit, founded by Heary III, 1 and that of St. Louis, which was created by the Grand Monarque’in 163. The oldest order, that of St. Michael, was distributed by Francis Il and Henry IIL with more lib- erality than discretion. Under the first eighteen knights were made at one time, equivalent to the simultaneous distribution by Lord Rosebery of eighteen Orders of the Garter, enough to take the breath away from every herald and capitulary in Europe. In the reign of the latter it came to be known as the general dog collar. On the whole, it was quite time to support its waning prestige with a new institution, but it was not allowed that the famous old order should fall altogether into disuse and discredit. It was given as an auxiliary and accompanying decoration with the new one, and, so reinforced, recovered some of its old dignity and value. Its members wore a black ribbon and a collar of cockle- shells, represented in portraits of Louis XI, Charles VIII, Francis I\ and other royal and nobie personages of that period. Louis XIV founded his order of St. Louts in 1608, its ensign being the red ribbon, afterward chosen ty Napoleon for the Legion of Honor in preference to white, which as the emblem of purity he had first favored, but finally rejected it, as it was the badge of the Bourbons. He was willing to usurp their throne and royal pre- rogatives, but for some obscure reason of taste or sentiment seemed delicate about appropriating their colors. At the restoration, in 1814, the Bourbons did not ventuce to abolish the new order, which had grown into great popularity, but they restored the old ones, and made them all as useful as possible, giving out the new decorations in particular with a Mberality which rather cheapened their value. They adopted the absurd device of presenting the image of Napoleon along with that of Henry IV on its crosses, a usage corrected some years later in the reign of Louts Philippe. Under Napoleon the order had come to embrace 105 grand officers, 300 commanders, 450 officers and 6,200 knights, most of them, but not all, being the reward of military service. In 1824 the members had risen to the number of 24,000, and as it was decreed that sen- tries should always and everywhere salute the red ribbon, whether it was on the breast of svidier or civilian, the constancy and multiplicity of salutes became a ridic- ulous as well as an oppressive physical burden, and the custom was abandoned. Louis Philippe was forced to abolish the old orders restored by Louis XVIII, and the three saints, Michael, Esprit and Louis, went down together, no more to be re- suscitated. But the bourgeois king was lavish in bestowing the new order, and in 1843 its membership had reached and the provisional government enc ored to suppress it as a vehicle for official corruption. A law to this effect was passed, but it had speedily to be rescinded. In 1852 Napoleon III purified. the order and gave it a new set of statutes, adding another to its graduations of honors, that of the Grand Cress, the highest of its dec- orations. After Sedan the government for- bade its bestowal upon civilians, but it was speedily compelled to restore it to its old status. The people could do without a gov- ernment, but not without an order open to all classes. Between this period and 1873 the enrollment of the order showed an in- crease to 70,000 members, a burdensome multitud2 greatly exceeding that of the wearers of the Henry III dog collar, and a reform of its ordinancy became impera- tive. It was decreed that it should be given to no legislator while he remained such, an interdiction which prevented Vic- tor Hug> from receiving the Grand Cross when a senator. There were likewise other restrictive and regulative ordinances, most important of which, passed July 187%, provided that only one nomination should thenceforth be made for every two that lapsed, a provision which it was com- puted would in forty-six years restore the order to the proportions designed by its founder. A few women wear and have worn this high and coveted trophy, Rosa Bonbeur being one, and among others, who are not numerous all told, Juliette Dodu, telegraph operator, who, at the time of the Germa invasion, tapped the wires, and thereby saved a French division from destruction It wil! not be disputed that the decoration Was as well ploced upon her galiant and %r any one patriotic bosom as upon that who has ever worn It, from its mighty founder to the present time. And if her Modest cross lay beside the tmp cordon in the collection uptown, ft be a question which of them would inspire the larg — eae - OUR TREATY WITH EN Was Written on Cheap Pape ‘Tied With Blue Ribben. From Harper's. ‘The first thing was to get from the King of England a statement that he and his mintsters were willing formally to acknoavl- edge American independence. When this was done, three American commissioners went to Paris, in order to be upon neutral territory, and there they met one David Hartley, who had been named by the king to represent Great Britain. Each spent some time examining the other's creden- tials, to see that they were treating with the right parties. When fuily satisfied upon this important matter, they took a few sheets of common and rather coarse white per, nine by fifteen inches In s folded once, and at the top of the of it they wrot coarse and crude ‘ “In the of the most holy and undl- vided Trinity.’ Writing in unbroken lines across the en- tire p: on both sides of the yaper, and frequently referring each to thé other as “High Mightinesses se commissioners filled nearly four sheets of the paper, at the end they signed their names. Dav Hartley signed first, and he placed nis hame away up in the left-hand corner, just under the last line of the text, where it appears almost crowded off the paper by the names of the American signers, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and John Jay. They tied the sheets together with some very narrow and very cheap blue ribbon, the ends of which they fastened to the pa- with patches of red sealing wax. This Wax’ tho; needlessly burned in placing It Juat at the left of thetr signatures. This is the definite treaty of Versatlles, now yellow and faded. By it Great Britain formally renounced all claim to the thirteen original states, These four sheets of cheap aper, with thelr “High Mightinesses,” heir “Most Potents’ their faded blue ribbon, constitute the ial close of the revolutionary war. and | WASHINGTON THE GATEWAY. Increased Travel to the South and the Industrial Development. Correspondence St. Louls Globe-Democrat. The annual migration to the southward is on. Those who have nevef participated in it can hardly realize what this flight from the north means. Washington is a good point from which to view the move- ment, because It is a kind of gateway for those who come from the New England and middle states. Early in November the “honk,” “honk,” of the wild geese headed toward the Gulf of Mexico is heard over the capital. At the same time the travel- ers en route in the same direction and for like reasons are to be seen passing through. All through November and De- cember this movement comtinues. By Thanksgiving day it ts at its height. Merch and April are the return months. Then the reverse movement is seen. All of the way through Virginia and the Carolinas there are sights strange to north- ern eyes, stranger still to eyes that knew the route as it was a few years ago. Peer- ing out as the train rushes southward one sees suddenly outlined, looming up in the darkness, If it is after night, great build- ings with electric lights flashing in a hun- dred windows, like so many huge eyes. When the closed a colonel from the nerth built beside the railroad at Greens- boro” a rambling collectim of wooden sheds, located therein nm twenty-horse- power engine, on the side of which he painted “Emancipator,” or something of that sort. He filled the sheds with wood- working machinery. Then he felt prepared to furnish ax helves for the nation and at the same time to solve for the south not only its industrial, but its social and political problems growing out of freedom. After a valiant struggle this colonel closed his ax helve factory and returned north with a large stock of information about “A Fool's Errand.” The rambling sheds of boards still stand beside the track at Greensboro’. The seed of the ax helve factory was long fructity- ing, but the harvest has come at last. While the train stops at Greensboro’ the traveler looks out upon factories of solid brick walls, tall chimneys, railroad spurs and the evidences of industrial develop- ment. Those who came a quarter of a cen- tury after the colonel had gone away profited by his experience. They worked upon the line of industrial possibilities he had discovered; they didn’t allow social and Political considerations to become compli- ceted with business—at least, not to the naked eye. From time to time there is put forth a summary of new enterprises in the south. The figures are surprising, but the fac- tories, alive with their manifold machinery, are more Impressive. Take for an illustra- tion the growth of cotton manufacturing. That ts only one feature of this develop- ment. Colonel R. H. Spencer, formerly a lawyer in St. Louis, is now connected with a Baltimore bureau which gives attention to this transformation. Colonel Spencer seys there are today 215 cotton factories in North and South Carolina. “You mean in the entire south?’ was suggested. “No,” said he, “I mean in the two Caro- linas. I know it, because I had occasion to open correspondence with all cotton factories in those two stutes recently. That led me to prepare a list. The number was @ revelation to me. So far as cotton man- ufacturing in the south ts concerned, the census of 18%) is out of date. When that census was taken we had 23 cotton mills in the south representing an investment of $61,000,000. Now we have 495, with a capi- tal of $97,000,000, nearly half of which is invested in the Carolinas.” Colonel Spencer might have added that this week sees the beginning of a new cotton mill in North Carolina, which is heralded as the largest in the south. suai a TELLS OF CURIOUS NEWSPAPERS. One is Eight Feet by Six and Another is Four Inches Sq Frem the Chicago Herald, Curious newspapers by themselves form a readable chapter in the history of jour- nalism. The London Press News mentions the following samples: ‘The largest paper ever published was (or is, for the promoters have the preposterous intention of bringing it out once every century) the Illustrated Quadruple Conste lation, The first number came out in 1858, consequently No. 2 is due 1958. It meas- ured eight by six feet, price two shillings. The first number did not contain a singie advertisement. The smallest newspaper in the world ts El Telegrama, published in Mexico, ex- actly four inches square. In Japan the Shi Gio Shue Dan Kwai Zasshi is printed with its sheets or leaves of different colors. The title is printed on white paper; the inside leaves are printed on various bright- ly colored—green, orange and yellow. It 1s not printed on both sides, but each sheet is folded at the fore edge, not at the back, as in this country, and (he printing is done on the first and fourth pages. It is about the size of a crown octavo pamphiet. The Austrian Fortnightly Review is a unique literary publication, in that it has contributors in almost every land, and each article is printed in the native lan- guage of the writer. Hora Focunda is a useful monthly period- ical for the blind, printed in Edinburgh, from the “Braille” type, and all engaged in its production are blind. ‘The credit of having the smallest circula- tion in the world belongs to the Imperial Gazette of Berlin, of which two coptes are printed daily. This exclusive publication is intended for the perusal of the emperor alone. In Turin is a paper printed with an ink that becomes luminous in the dark, so that the matter may be read without the as- sistance of artificial light. At Prince Albert, a township in North- west Canada, a weekly newspaper ap- pears in the handwriting of its proprietor, who is also its own editor, reporter, print- er and advertising agent. The paper ap- pears in violet ink from a gelatine hecto- graph, and is said to be widely read, and is often quoted by the printed papers. cotinine nis PIRACY IN THE LEVANT. re. ists in a Small Way, but Its Paimy Days Have Passed. From the London In a large, wholesale way of business, indeed, Levantine piracy may be called ex- tinet. No longer are the tideless waters swept by the galleys of the Algerine, nor do we often at chureh find collections be- ing made for mariners captive among the Moors. The genial old ruffian who made his prisoners drink to the king over the water is totally extinct. But in a small way, with very limited pital and enterprise sadly thwarted, the isles that burning Sappho loved and sang still see a good deal of business done on the old lines. The practice rather resembles maritime burglary perhaps than anything worthy to be called piracy, and the prac- titioners are natives of mixed race. A small schooner or other vessel, a hardy crew, a few lucifer matches and such re- volvers as can be procured suffice for an outfit. The method ts commonly as fol- lows: The shores of the isles are studded by little villages as far from the sweet min- istry of the police as wild Kintail, and we cannot put it more strongly. The wealth of the villagers mainly consists in old sil- and ornaments, often of beauty ver ve and great antiquity, A sponge diver, for mple, has found more than sponges. In the British Museum there is a recent acquisition—a pot made of gold, weighing as much as_ 100 sovereigns. This was brought up from a classical wrec diver, and it is likely enou ) discoveries are frequently made and The villag e also the silver orna- s dowries, often old e may he a few rel gems, rings, necklets and arm- nls of the graves of the Mycenaean s the tax herers are prompt to , this little wealth is fully hidden, perhaps under The pirate’s first care Is to ate information as to who {ts among a people apparently as destitute as the old fisherman in Theocritus. When he has learned as much as he can he launches his bark under some equivalent for the Jolly Rover. He lands at the sleep- ing Village under cover of night, surrounds the cottage, and as rule places the house- holder on a fire or ties him up dn a sack with a pair of cats, or otherwise prevails on him to disclose the hiding place of nis valuables. Then the gallant pirate sails away, and all is over. levy on all propert of course the thatch. in pri THE CHARMING WIDOW Some Explanation of Why Her Path is One of Conquest. She is Sympathetic, H and Is the Mistress of F —Why Men Love Her. Experience ttery From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. “Samivel, bevare of the vidders,” ob- served the elder Mr. Weller, and the re- mark seems destined to b>» quoted from age to age 2s a perpetual reminder of the at- tractiveness of the widow as compared with other classes of women. Her charms can not be doubted, they are too promi- nent; her power cannot be questioned, in- stances of its exercise are too freauent. Men admire the debutante; are delignted to dance attendance upon her; are amused by her whims; cheerfully obey her cap- rices; with them, her will, for the moment at least, is law. They yield obedience to her coquettish commands, go their way, and forget what manner of woman she is. But with the widow it is not so, She is an abiding presence. She supplies the defi- ciency unconsciously existing in the young girl. She has all the charm of the debu- tante, the added grace of dignity of ma- ture womanhood, and an indefinable love- liness peculiar to herself. It can be felt, it cannot be analyzed. The influence of the debutante is the perfume of the perishing blossom; that of the widow is the fragrance of the precious wood. The debutante is like the policeman, who, while present, is obeyed, but whose authority is scouted the moment his back is turned; the widow is like the monarch, whose power is acknowl- edged, even in his absence. To the former, obedience is yielded, but without reverence; the latter may be derided, but with fear and trembling. The debutante is the me- teor, the widow is the moon. The Widow's Attractions. The sources of the widow's charms are numerous. She is strongly sympathetic, and there is a wonderful difference between feeling for and feeling with the sorrows of others. The young girl feels for you; the widow feels with you. She has herself suffered, she knows what suffering is. The sympathy of the young girl may be in- tense, but is not intelligent. What does she know of business cares, of the anxie- ties of every-day life, of bereavement? The widow knows.all, for has she not lost the partner of her joys and sorrows, has she not passed through business annoyances, can she not tell of the trouble she had in settling her husband's estate, and how his relatives tried to rob her? She has suffer- ed all you have, and more, for is not a woman alone in the world more helpless than a man? So, as the tear starts to her eye your heart melts, you have found a real friend. Her sympathy falls on your bosom like the sunlight across one of Titian’s landscapes, her tender tones charm away sadness even as the harp of David soothed the evil spirit of Saul. Her sym- pathy and her tears are her strongest Weapons, and she has them in perpetual readiness, for the former ts a living well, full to overflowing, and the latter are like the fountains on the lawn, ready to turn on at a moment's notice. Her Experience. Attractive as she may be from her sym- pathy, she is doubly dangerous by reason of her >xperfence. Having had the man- agement of one husband, she knows ex- actly what will please, and uses her knowl- edge to excellent advantage. She knows all about every whim, every mood a man can have, also how to meet it, and as a re- sult of her knowledge is always in your mood. If you are merry she laughs at your old stale jokes; if you are sad, her face at once grows’ serious. She chimes in with your vein of thought in conversa- tion. You are, let us say, musical and worldly minded; she recalls how charm- ingly Nerdica sang the “Va Che Sapets” in Mozart's Figar> last week; you are musical and _ pious; she sings for you Men- delssohn’s “Rest in the Lord," an4_tells you how sweet is the organ part of Han- del’'s “He Shall Food His Flock.” Under- standing the ways of men, she will lead when you think you are in the van, and when really commanding, she seems to obey. She knows a man loves to believe himself free, so she does not demand con- stant attention. The young girl, proud cf her conquest, is anxious to display her au- therity; the widow, conscious of her power, seeks to hide the chain that binds her slave. The young girl is idealistic, wants you to be all the world to her; to look at no other woman; the widew is practical, and willing for you to wander as far as you please, so long as you do not break the string. The young girl wants you to live in lo buds and kisses; the widow knows the way to heart is that her that straight down your throat and luncheons will do more to win your affec- our tion than all the mu: Christendom, — The that she shall be the the wi and flowers in ng girl’ demands ter of attraction; ow makes you think that you are the center, and that she revolves’ around you, when, in fact, she is twirling you around her finger. Mistress of Flattery. The widow Is, therefore, the mistre flattery. Net of the gross, plain, flat, shop- worn species that is every day heard, but that delicate variety which is not praise, but the suggestion of it, a flattery of which you are yourself the author. She excites your vanity. plays on your conceit, makes s of you feel quite comfortable and thoroughly part at home with yourself. After you from her you think what an adm’ woman she fs, because she has had thi to put you in a good humor with you 5 “She is apprectati you say to y If. he is congenial,” and behind each utter- ance lies the thought, “She has the discern- ment to see what a clever fellow I am.” She has put you in love with yourself; your self-esteem bubbles over. Some of the droppings fall upon her. ‘Thus do men fall in love with the widow. Thus Is the widow fascinating. She is always so, Whether gay and dashing, whether helpless and clinging, giddy, dressy, designing, what- ever the adjective prefixed to her, she is a thing to turn men’s heads, to make widow- ers oblivious of the woes of a previcus alliance, to make old bachelors forget their stern resolves and determine to pro- pose or die in the attempt. But they do not die trying, for making love to a widow is as easy as the traditional backwoods feat of roiling off a log, and the feminine tact that leads the victim up to the pro- posal diminishes that proposal from a mountain to a mole hill. Courting girls is a ticklish business. They as scary as thieving crows in a cornfield. Not so the widow, and he who goes widow hunting may, in the langnage of an oriental pro- verb, “rouse a tiger when beating the jungle for a de Hushband-catching, to the young girl a serious task, to the widow, in the language of the catechism, “is not only possible, but easy, by the grace of God,” for the chief end of widow life is to get another husband, and the widow gives close attention to business. Black pearls used to be held as of small value, comparatively speaking. At the present day a perfect black specimen com- mands a much higher price than the finest pink or white pearl. They were first made fashionable by the Empress Eugenie, wife of Napoleon III, who possessed a famous necklace of them which fetched £4,000 at an auction after the overthrow of the im- This did not include the rl forming the snap, which y the Marquis of Bute for £1,000. Mexico, Tahiti, Fiji, and the king- dom of Madura, to the east of Malabar, supply the makers of the world with the best black pearls. One of the most curious pearls, from many points of view, was that which the ler Tavernier sold to the ruler of sla, 200 years , for £100,000, It is it h of Per- sia, and is now supposed to be worth at least £135,000. The Persian monarch has a square glass case among his bizarre col- lection of jewelry containing a vast heap of most magnificent pearls, four or five inches deep, into which one can plunge the hand and spill them in cascades and hand- fuls. From the Cinciunati Tribune. “Why so glum?” asked his friend. “Aren’t you doing a roaring trade?” “Yes, I am,” admitted the basso, “but it is all on notes.” Ws EDISON'S OLD FATHER. He Used to Regard His Son Thomas as,a Stupid Lad. From the New Yotk Commercial Advertiser. I called upon Samuel Edison, the vener- able father of Thomas A. Edison, the in- ventor, today, He resides about three- quarters of ‘a mile from Fort Gratiot, Mich. Near the old home passes the Port Huron and Fort Gratiot electric railroad— @ constant reminder of his famous son. Mr. Edisor’s house stands well back from the road, almest hidden from view from the road by the splendid trees which sur- round it. Lake, Huron can be seen from the rear of; the hovse—“at times as calm as a sea of glass, beautiful and blue and sunlit, and again dashing and roaring in wild fury against the pebbled shore, rising up in sublime majesty, and throwing the white spray from its foam-crested waves far inland.” When one looks upon this view and walks about among the great forest, with its pines, beeches, maples and oaks, with the delicious perfume of the wild rose filling your nostrils, you cannot help but pause and think of the boy who had once known these scenes so well. Having reached the decor of the old man- sion, I was escorted into a small, narrow hall, the floor of which is covered with a bright ollcloth. Fro: : there I was ushered into the sitting room, where I met the ven- erable father of the inventor—a broad- shouldered, but slightly bowed elderly gen- tleman, clothed in good, well-fitting coat and trousers. An elderly lady, past sixty, then came into the room and’ was introduced to me as Mrs. Edison—not Thomas Edison's mother, but his stepmother. The second Mrs. Edi- son {is a well-built woman of medium height, straight as an arrow, with dark eyes and brows, and cheeks as rosy as @ girl's. Were it not for her silvery white hair, one would think she was a woman under forty. There is not a wrinkle on her face. Mrs. Edison is a most cordial and agreeable person. She showed me over the house very kind- ly, all the rooms of which are neatly cov- ered with rag carpet, except the kitchen, whose pine floor was white and clean. Mr. Edison has three children by his second wife, all girls. Samuel Edison is now in his ninety-first year. He is of Holland extraction, but was born in Digby, Nova Svotia. He larded in New York in iNil, and removed to Fort Gratiot, Mich., in 1 ‘Thomas Edison has been exceedingly kind to his father—who has been all cver Europe, and has made frequent trips to Florida’ in the winter. “Tom 18 a good boy,” said the old man. “He sends me around to have a good time.” He said his son had a beautiful place in Florida, but too many people came around to see him, and the distancs was so great to New York, that he finally made Orange, N. J., ris home. Around Fort Gratiot everyhod ls the old gen- tleman affectionately “Uncle Sam" as he walks about, dressed in faded black clothes, with an old silk hat on his head and a clay pipe in his mouth. = ‘One of the oldest settlers of Fort Gratiot said that “Edison pere” was a “queer old chap,” and as “for Tom Edison, why, as I remember him—well, no one thought he was very smart; he used to be called ‘Eai- son's fool.” I remember how he used to sit about the store with his head in his hands, always moping and always in the way. His folks or anyone else had to speak to him half a dozen times before he would seem to hear or pay attention; and I remember one day, when asked if he was deaf, and I told him I didn’t belleve he could hear it thunder, he throwed up his head and scowled and said: “I wish I was so deaf I couldn't hear it thunder, nor see it lighten.” In a lovéty Spot in‘ beautiful Lakeside cemetery, near Huronia, { found the grave of Tom Edison's mother. The low marble headstone bore this simple inscription: “Harriet T. soe Giving Away. From the New London Telegraph. ‘Tne giving of the bride by her father is not a very fmportant part of the marriage ceremony, but the giving away of some maidens by their little brothers has pre- vented many marriages. The Exception. From Brooklyn Life. Mrs. Higbee-‘Most best of everything. Mrs. Robbins—“We have a cook who doesn't.” The Dutch ™ the people m: el, or the Bewitched Far Cap. Blatter. From Fite RAILROAD DISCOMFORTS Amusing Efforts to Seek Repose in an Ordinary Car. Car Makers nilliar With the Anatomy of Are Evidently Not Fa- the Human Frame. From the New York Herald Scats in the ordinary railroad car are not ®rranged with a view to their adapta- bility to the requirements of slumber, as everybody who has had occasion to use them for that purpose knows. But the de- mands gf Morpheus are inexorable, and on trains @hat leave the city between mid- night and the “wee sma’ hours’ most of the passengers in the ordinary cars, after some attempts to keep wide awake, en- deavo- to accommodate themselves to cir- cumstances and steal a few hours of sleep. ‘Then it is that the individual who is able to resist the tendency to somnolency can have lots of fun watching the contortions of his fellow passengers as they endeavor to so adjust themselves to their environ- ments that the maximum of “nature's sweet restorer” may be obtained with the minimum of discomfort. As a rule, such cars are not more than half filled, so each passenger generally has the space allotted to two seats in which to make the experiment. That is just half of what he needs. It is how to dispose of his legs that bothers him, There is no room on the seat for them, They become obtrusively and painfully superfluous. A man usually begins by jamming his knees against the back of the seat in front of nim. That is an entirely satisfactory arrangement, so far as the upper half of him is concerned. But the lower half soon hegins to protest against it. It involves an untair division of the burden of existence. While the muscles of the body are relaxed the legs, from the knees up, are as stiff as pokers. The only sleep they can get that way is that sort of sleep which is sugges- tive of the sticking of pins and needles into that portion of the anatomy which is so affected. The legs resent the unfair treatment, and soon their unfortunate owner tluds it imperative to attempt a new adjustment of his dimensions to the space at his disposal. Finds It Different. With a muttered malediction against the business which compels him to be travel- ing when he would fain be tucked snugly away in his own little bed, he arouses him- self from his torpor sufficiently to bestow a little thinking on the problem before him. Mindful, perhaps, of the comfort he has often ‘experienced when, in his hours of ease at home, he has stretched himself out in an easy chair and deposited his heels on an adjacent table or mantelpiece, it occurs to him that his efforts to woo the drowsy god may meet with better success if he throws his feet over the back of the seat in front of him. To be stre, it is not a very dignified attitude, but dignity ts about the last thing one thinks of when feeling sleepy. 0, preste! change. The acrobatic feat is accomplished. His legs are thrown over the back of the seat in front of him. It doesn’t take him a minute to discover that it won't work. The back of the seat isn't far enovgh off. Instead of his heels resting upon it, it strikes his calves just where they cre most sensitive to external pres- sure. And it isn't a padded cushion that they rest upon, but something as hard and unyielding as the spinal tolumn of a razor- back hog. His legs can’t be induced on any terms to accept such an arrangement, and he finds himself compelled to study the situa- tion a little more closely. Very likely his next move may be to squeeze himself into a corner of his seat nearest the aisle, and in this position, if his legs be not too long, he can rest one heel on the extreme inside end of the back of the seat in front of him, while the other hoot finds support in the angle made by the windowsill. There is no grace about the position, but I have seen men slumber peacefully for an hour or more on a Stretch in it. Easier for Small Men. There are compensations in everything. and the man who has often regretted that his limited dimensions are so pronounced as towin for him the sobriquet of “Shorty” finds that when it comes to Snoozing in the seat of a railroad car his reward is ease and comfort. He just makes a pillow of the hand rail by throwing his coat over it, and coils up on the seat, throw- ing his knees out, while his feet find lod. ment at the other end of the seat. An aldermanic corpotation, though, is an in- surmorntable obstacle to this mode of ber. A man with a short trunk, e his deficiency is atoned for 1 : are of something more than the av length, can manage this position preity well. There is one objection to it. The man who keeps his hat én while he tries it is liable to get it ki body who happens to 1 up the aisle. If he takes ais hat off he is likely to get nis hair brushed in the samo vw he man who finds the s¢ him unoccupied and can persuade the con- ductor to reverse it for his sole accom- modation finds himself in clover. All he has to do is to stretch his legs across the tervening gulf, and, provided his con- science is clear and his digestion is good, he can slumber almcst as comfortable as if he had a berth in a sleeping car. Some few men possess the faculty of he- ing able to slumber sitting bolt upricht. For them te problem is robbed of all per- plexity. Such men are the envy of their fellow passengers. Hard for Women, Because of the restraint that dress and the conventional ideas ef propriety impose upon her, a woman is at a great disad- vantage as compared with a man in get- ting naps on the ordinary railroad car. She can try her knees against the back of te seat if she likes, but until omes completely emancipated from skirts and dons knickerbockers or trousers she dare not try to make a foot rest of the windowsill or anything of that sort. she is further handicapped by her in seeking a rest for her head, She must keep her feet down. jamming the opp an ‘ial flowers and hair- 3 do not ri accommodate them- selves to the exigencies of the occasion. About all she can do is to squeeze herself into a corntr and try to make the best of a bad job. The spectacle of a wo: ing to sleep this way on a railroad car does, however, serve the useful purpose of making the ordinary man feel contented with his lot. ——— se A Hideous Waste of Money. From the London Truth, ‘There has recently been a hideous waste of money in providing official testimonials of sorrow for the czar’s funeral. The queen’s wreath, which was of “enormous size,” was sent from Windsor to St. Peters- burg in charge of Lord Carrington, the expenses of whose mission will have to be paid by the foreign office. The German emperor's wreath, which was ten feet in diameter, required a.spectal railway wagon to transport it from Berlin to St. Peters- burg. The Emperor Francis Joseph sent a wreath elght feet long, which had been constructed by thirty ‘florists. The bier was surrounded by many hundreds of “massive silver floral crowns,” from the towns and villages of Russia, some of which had cost upward of £2,000. It would be interesting to learn who profits by all this lavish extravagance, for it is quite certain that every article of any value which is sent on such an occasion ulti- mately becomes the perquisite of some court functionary, and the individual who takes the spoil at this function will be able to retire at once with a considerable for- tune. Then two and a half million rubles have been squandered in decorating pub- Ne buildings, and ft Is a very queer com- mentary on the alleged outburst of nation- al woe that the superintendent of an im- portant railway terminus at St. Petersburg was sent to prison for seven days because his station was not in sufticlently deep mourning. It may be hoped that on the Text oceasion of an imperial or royal funeral, there will be a notification that fiowers ‘and wreaths are not to be sent. ee A Good Manager. From the Chicago Inter-Ocean. “Snapp is one man that knows exactly how to manage his wife.”” “What's his scheme?” “Let's her have her own way alway! ked off by any- | in front of | NEW PUBLICATIONS. WOMAN'S SHARE PRIMITIVE Ct By Otis Tufton Mason, A.M., Pb.D., the of Ethnology in’ the United d Museum. With numerous il- fons, New York: D. Appleton & Co. There is wonderful magnetism in Prof. Mason's latest and most prominent work. From the dedication, which is “To all good women, living, or dead, who with their brains or by their toil have aided the pro- gress of the world,” to the cemprehensive index, there is not a dull page. One of the discoveries noted by the professor is well worthy careful study. Herbert Spencer divided the life history of civilization into two periods—militancy and industrialism. Militaney—savagery and barbarism, when man and man and man and nature warred against each other—came first; then suc- ceeded the period of industrialism,in which the greater nations dfgnified themselves by labor. Prof. Mason, without calling into questicn Spencer's classification, in- quires whether “these two words, in the early history of our species at least, did not mark sexual division—whether instead of an ‘age’ we should not rather say a sex of. militancy and a sex of industrial- ism?” The professor directs attention to the fact that there nevep was an age in which there was more of preparation for war than our own, and in those prepara- tions woman has practically no part. “In contact with the animal world,” says the professor, “and ever taking lessons from them, men watched the tiger, the bear, the fox, the falcon—learned their language and imitated them in ceremonial dances. But women were instructed by the spl- ders, the nest builders, the storers of food and the workers in clay like the mud wasp and the termites. It is in the apotheosis of industrialism that woman has borne her part so persistently and well. At the very beginning of human time she laid down the lines of her duties and she has kept to them unremittingly.” ‘The comfortless condition of the first wo- man who stood upon this planet is graphi- cally sketched and the economy of her dowry cleverly commented upon. She seems to have lacked almost everything; even her genius for invention was un- awakened, and the fingers now so cun- ning were utterly without experience. ‘Through the long course of years Prof. Mason follows woman in her capacities of the food-bringer, the weaver, the skin- dresser, the potter, the beast of burden, the jack-at-all-trades, the artist, the lin- guist, the founder of society the pa- tron of religion, and then he says: “If wo- men now sit on thrones, if the most beap- tiful painting in the world is of a mother and her child, if the tmage of a woman crowns.the dome ef the American Capitol, if in allegory and metaphor and painting and sculpture the highest ideals are wo- men, it is because they have a right to be there. By all their drudgery and patience, by all their suffertng and kindness, they have earned their mght to be there.” Con- cluding the volume for which womankind must ever be deeply indebted, the pro- fessor makes an interesting comparison: “In the World's Columbian Exposition, the place of honor was occupied by a colossal statue of a young women represented in burnished gold. In one hand she held the world, in the other the cap of emancipa- tion or liberty. Upon her right hand stood the building devoted to manufactures and liberal arts, upon her left hand the tem- ple of agriculture. In the distance the dairy, the leather and the horticultural buildings. In the anthropological building, at the extreme south of the grounds, was an exhibit from the cemetery of Ancon, In Peru. One figure was of especial interest in this connection—the skeleton of an an- cient Peruvian woman. It was in a crouch- ing attitude, wrapped in the customary grave clothes, and about It were the spin- dles, cradle frame, pottery and dishes of vegetables with which she was familiar in her life and from which her spirit was not to he separated in her,death. Spontane- ously the thoughtful mind connected this crouching figure with the statue in the place of honor and with the noble build- ings and scenes about her. How wonder- ful the transformation, wrought by no magic or legerdemain, but with woman's hands and heart and ingenuity!” Ty 8. E. Mof- SUGGESTIO felt. |. MeNally & Co, Mr. Moffett 1s convinced that there ts urgent need for reform. For him there 1s no consolation in our Constitution, for the is certain that that instrument lacks many provisions it ought to have. He would wago war against the bosses and the trusts, and in this unassuming but earn- est book he unfolds the plans the opera- tion of which would, he believes, bring re- lief, Students of American government will find much to think of in what Mr. Moffett says. Most of his accusations are only too well founded. Nowhere is he in- direct; throughout he is specific and force- ful. In the introduction he straightfor wardly avers that “our executive adminis- tration, local, state and national, is il ent. It is in the hands of political p sionals, who are nec: ily administra~ tive amateurs. Devoting their chief atten- ticn to the science of politics, they are naturally Unable to go de into the science of government. Brought’up in the idea that ollices exist for the purpose of ving salaries on various scales to poli- ns Of varying degrees of influence, it ms natural to them to appoint a man stmaster at Oshkosh urfder one admin- istration, send him as consul to Bordeaux on the next accession of his party to pow and recognize his services on a future oc ion by making him governor of Arizona. s best an administrative system man- principles is incapable; at RNMENT. M tick At aged on such its worst it is both incapable and corrupt. Our legislative bodies are suffering from the general paralysis of parliamentary gov- ernment all over the world, and this pa. ralysis Is especially marked In Congre: where intelligent energyshould be most con. spicuous. It is becoming almost impossi to pass an important messure to which powerful interests are opposed. The time of Congress is wasted in roll calls, fuUle attempts to hold evasive quorums, floods of superfluous talk, and obsolete ceremo- nies, and all the channels of iegisiation are choked by gorges of unnecessary bills. State legislatures have generally fallen into contempt, and city councils beneath it. Local government, the peculiar prov- ince of the English race, the province in which our capacity from ‘prehistoric times has been most conspicuously marked, has been reduced to a condition of imbecility and corruption, for whose match we must look to the rule of a Chinese mandarin.” of Characters and Hab- Leopard, Panther, and ¢ Mlustr WILD BE its of th Many men have written many books dealing with the stronger and more fero- cious of savage animals, but it may rea- sonably be asserted that Dr. Porter has given us a much more interesting work on ne most exciting, and, therefore, the most ‘attractive, features of natural history than any that have preceded it. Every chapter in this volume has in it all of scientific truth that could be locked for in a work that is without encyclopedic pretension, but it could never be alleged that the truth ha» the liveliest way. Anecdotes are unquestionably au- thentic and experiences men whose names guarantee veracious relation are liberally scattered throughout the nearly four hundred paves, while admirable 1i- lustrations contribute to the volume’s de- sirability. Dr. Porter, who is a thorough Washingtorfan, has had many years of personal experience with the animals whose natures and peculiarities he so clev- erly describes. As to some of these, Dr. Porter's conclusions are widely at vari- ance with popularly accepted id but the doctor's skill in original research’ enti- tles his opinions to all consideration; he compels belief by irrefutable testimony. te No matter who picks the book up, it will surely be instructive and entertaining; it will be appreciated by the old man as well as by the boy. SPORT OF THE STATE Two Volumes, ‘OREST COMMIS- YORK FOR Albany: James Official reports are generally inclined to be dry, but here is a report, one volume of which, at least, 1s capable of pleasing and informing any one who will read it. The text in volume I deals mainly with the necessity for saving the great forests with which—even after years of vandalism—the Empire State is biessed, and in so doing it describes the eastern paradise of the hunter and the seeker after such rest as can only be found in the great solitudes of the Adirondacks. Mlustrations are plentiful and well worth looking at. FRIENDSHIP, LOVE, KISSES. By Volney Stream- - Ilustrated by F. Corbyn Price and others, jew York: Raphael Tuck & Soas Co, Three pretty little volumes, in which, respectively, are quotations bearing upon THE NEW COLUMBUS... uv Time King made in America. All jowelers have or Will getie For further information send to the manufacturert NEW COLUMBUS WATCH CO., COLUMA: 1n24,27,8004,7,daiestss OMe the interesting topics noted in the titles. Dainty productions throughout. TUE YEAR ROOK OF AMPRICAN : oe + gg by Ida Bete ss strated tm Cx ©. KI \ 3 Raphael Tock & Sun Co 1 New Yorks One of the most acceptable of the clever compilations so popular as gift books in this gift-giving and gift receiving season. The artist who scans the dozen page-illus- trations can hardly do otherwise than praise. CHATTERBOX. 1894. Edited by J, Erskine Clark, McA. Boston: ates @ Lauria ec This is the “only and original” Chatter- box. Preceding vulumes have been the source of almost unlimited instruction and amusement. It is a publication that seems to improve with age. A FROGLAND WEDDING, Words and Mlustra- tions by Koy Conger. Music by Helen Hiteh- cock. Chicago; Laird & Lee, A children’s holiday book. LOVE SONGS OF CHILDHOOD. B; Field. ‘New York: Charles Seribaer's Sons. = ween ton: Brenteno’s. Charmingly as Eugene Field writes, he is at his best when he plays with the little ones. As a maker of lullabies he is with- out peer. IMPERARY AND SOCIAL ESSAYS. By George Will'am Curtis. New York: Harper & Brothers. Washington. Woodward & Lothrop. With the one exception of the treatise upon Sir Philip Stdney,ail the essays in this volume have been previously published, some of them many years ago. The sub- jects are Emerson, Hawthorne, the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rachel, Thack- eray in America, Sir Phil > Sidney, Long- tellow, Oliver Wendell oimes and’ Wash- ingt Irving. Completeness cannot be claimed for a library in which these esscys have no place. Lien Rt. THIMBLEFINGER AND HIS QUEER KY. What the Children Saw and Heard By Joel Chandler Harris, author of “Unele Remus,”” &c. Hhistrated by Oliver Her- ford. Boston: Houghten, Mittin & Co, Wash- ington: Robert Beall, Some of these stories, says the gifted chronicler of Uncle Remus, “were gathered from the negroes, but were not embodied in the tales of Uncle Remus, because 1 was not sure they were negro stories; some ere Middle Georgia folklore stories, and no Goubt belong to England; and some are mc-vely inventions.” But no matter Chandier or African or the brain of J Harris—they are simply delight! expen rite, By Capt. Charles King, author of “The Colouel’s Daughter, Oe ys Blake,” &e, With ustra- tions ‘by ©. B. Cox. Philadelphia: J. B. Lip- pincott Co. Washington: Brentano's. In many respects the best of Capt. King’s many good novels. Of course itis an army story, but it will be welcomed by lots of readers who know uext to nothing of the service. Army people are after all but or- dinary beings with as much of human na- ture in them as is in non-military folks; they are sketched from life in “Under Fire.” THE LAND OF THE CHANGING SUN. By Will, N. Harben, author of Vhite Marie,” “Almost Persuaded,”” &e. New York: The Merriam Go, Washingtoa: Woodward & Lothrop. An “odd story, full of strange conceits and the material of which dreams are made. VYHE COMPLETE POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN REUN LE. WHITTIER. Cambridge Edition. Picton: Tougiton, Mifiin & Co. Washiogtou: Brentano's. : This, altogether the best edition of Whit- tier with which the public has been fa- vored, and, so far as the text is concerned, cannot possibly be improved upon. Along with the old favorites—revised by the author not very long before his death—are some of his latest gems; a few of them unknown until his papers were examined by his executors. JHE EQUILIBRATION OF TIUMA AND POWERS OF ADAL borne Ward, Translator Department of Labor. Watchman Co, Treats a phase of political economy in such plain language that all can under- stand and appreciate ft. It rebukes scorchingly the abuses of our prevalent competitive system, and, as a remedy for these, Mr. Ward proposes a national co-operative system, under de- partmental supervision and control, with the application of civil service principles, based afpon natural aptitude, or superior fitness. ‘This, he believes, is already proved to be eminently practical, by referring to the Post Office, Treasury, Agricultural, Army and Navy Departments, in which exists a nucleus, working upon this yery system in a highly satisfactory manner. YHD DAUGHTER OF THE NEZ PERCES. By Arthur Paterson. American Authorized Edition, New York: Geo. Gotieberger Peck. Washing- e ton: Brentano's, Exciting enough to please the hungriest searcher after lively incident. Based upon history, it has a right to more of existence than is usually accorded novels of this class. Throws some light upon Indian af- fairs as they used to be. Sketches to the life the great Chief Joseph. what their place of rata of oc Britain < APTITUDES = By G. Os- the ited States Washington: National GEO WILLIAM CURTIS. By Edward Cary, American Men of Letters Series. Boston? Hoaghtou, “Mitiim & Co. Washington: Brea- tano's. An altogether admirable photograph of one of the truly great men this country has produced. CARLYLE’S GLOVE. By Tona New York: J. Selwin Lait & NAVAL CADE Oukley Gorham. Sons, A strong novel of the “society” sort; in which there are tense situations, such’ as might be expected when the characters are 1. The finale is tragic; a clever bit EM ation to the Business of the Con y. By Charle Chicago: Raul, McNally & Go, A business subject dealt with by a bust- ness man who thinks, and rightly, that there can be no proper understanding of ry problems of the day uniess the relation of the bank-credit money of the country to the money of the govern- ment is fully comprehended. “HE DOZY HOURS AND OTHER Par TN chee iteppiier., Boxton: - Houghton, cy THE THE BANKING UNITED STAT ae Money and her oe of c es in Anson DB. William Bal Woods L SKE Actors. Merriam Compa ward & Leturoy BACK COUNTRY BOEY illustrated by Bridgu a tou: J. a. Pyle, author rw . epper and Salt,” od. New York: ‘ & Harper & Brothers. Woodward & Lothro ASIATIO BR Oliver Optic, author of ries," “The Bont Club Knight “Up and ard. Washington nts on the Wing. Army and