Evening Star Newspaper, December 3, 1894, Page 10

10 THE EVENING STAR, MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1894—SIXTEEN PAGES. ee ment of the policy sanctioned by present laws under which the government for a very small consideration is rapidly losing title to immense tracts of land covered with timber which should be properly re- served as permanent/ sources of timber supply. ‘The suggestion that a change be made in the manner of securing surveys of the public lands is especially worthy of con- sideration. I am satisfied that these sur- veys should be made by a corps of compe- tent surveyors under the immediate con- trol and direction of the commissioner of the general land offic: A Non-Partisan Land Court Asked For An exceedingly important recommenda- tion of the Secretary relates to the manner in which contests and litigated cases grow- ing out of efforts to obtain government land are determined. The entire testimony upon which these controversies depend in ail their stages is taken before the local regis- ters and receivers, and yet these officers have no power to subpoena witnesses or to enforce their attendance to testify. These cases, numbering 3,000 or 4,000 annually, are sent by the local officers to the commis- sioner of the general land office for his action. The exigencies of his other duties oblige him to act upon the decisions of the r@gisters and receivers without an oppor- tunity of thorough personal examination. Nearly two thousand of these cases are appealed annually from the commissioner to the Secretary of the Interior. Burdened with other important administrative duties his determination of these appeals must be almost perfunctory and based upon the ex- amination of others, though this determina- tion of the Secretary operates as a final adjudication upon rights of very great im- portance. I concur in the opinion that the commis- sioner of the general land office should be relieved from the duty of deciding litigated land cases; that a non-partisan court should be created to pass on such cases, and that the decisions of this court should be final, at least so far as the decisions of the department are now final _ ‘The proposed court might be given au- thority to certify questions of law, in matters of especial importance to the Su- preme Court of the United States or the Court of Appeals for the District of Co- lumbia for decisicn. The creation of such @ tribural would expedite the disposal of cases and insure decisions of a more sat- isfactory character. The registers’ and re- ceivers who originally hear and decide these disputes should be Invested with au- thority to compel witnesses to attend and testify before them. Though the condition of the Indians shows a steady and healthy progress, their situation is not satisfactory in all points. Some of them to whom allotments of land have been made are found to be un- able or disinclined to follow agricultural pursuits or to otherwise beneficially man- age their land. This is especially true of the Cheyennes and Arapahoes, who, as it appeare by reports of their egent, have, in many instances, never been located upon their allotments, and in some cases do not even know where their allotments are. ‘Their condition has deteriorated. They are not self-supporting and they ive in camps and spend their time in idleness. I have always believed that allotment of reservation lands to Indians in severalty should be made sparingly, or at least slow- ly, and with the utmost caution. In these days when white agricaitur- ists and stock raisers of experience and in- telligence find their lot a hard one we ought not to expect Indians, unless far advanced in ctvilization and habits of in- dustry, to support themselves on the small tracts of land usually allotted to them. If the self-supporting scheme by aliot- ment fails the wretched pauperism of the allottees which resulty is worse than their original condition of regulated dependence. It is evident that the evil consequences of ill-advised allotment are intensified in the cases where the false step cannot be re- traced on account of the purchase by the government of reservation lands rematn- ing after allotments are made and the disposition of such remaining lands to set- tlers or purchasers from the government. The indian agent « fowerfal Factor. I am convinced that the proper solution of the Indian problem and the success of every step taken in that direction depend to a very large extent upon the intelli- gence and honesty of tne reservation agents and the interest they have in their work. An agent fitted for his place can do much toward preparing the Indians under his charge for estizenship and allotment of their lands, and his advice as to any mat- ter concerning their welfare will not mis- lead. An unfit agent will make no effort to advance the Indians on his reservation toward civilization or preparation for al- lotment of lands in severalty, and his opin- jon as to their condition in this and other regards is heedless and vuluciess. The indications are that the detail of army officers as Indian agents will result in improved management on the reserva- tions. Wheneve> llotments are made and any Indian on che reservation has previously settled upon a lot and cultivated it, or shown a disposition to improve it In any way, such lot should certainly be allotted to him, and this should be made plainly obligatory by statute. In the light of experience and consider- ing the uncertainty of the Indian situation and its exigencies in the future, I am not only disposed.to be very cautious in mak- ing allotments, but I incline to agree with the Secretary of the Interior in the opin- fon that when allotments are made the balance of reservation land remaining after allotment, instead of being bought by the government from the Indians and opened for settI@ment with such scaadals and un- fair practices as seem unavoidable, should remain for a time, at least, as common land, or be sold by the government on be- half of the Indians in an orderly way and at fixed prizes, to be determined by its io- eation and desirability, and that the pro- ceeds, less expenses, shoutd be held in trust for the benefit of the Indian pro- prietors. The intelligent Indian school Management of the past y has been followed by gratifying results. Efforts have been made to advance the work in a sound and practical manner. Five institutes of Indian teachers have been held during the year, and have proved very beneticial through the views exchanged and methods discussed particularly applicable to Indian education. Efforts are oving made in the direction of a gradual reduction of the number of Indian contract schoois, so that in a comparatively short time they may give way altogether to government scheol and it is hoped that the chaage may be so gradual as to be perfected without too great expense to the government or un- due disregard of investments made by those who have established and are maintatning such contract schools. The appropriation for the current year ending June 3), 1805, applicable to the ordinary expenses of the Indian service amounts to $9,733,CU3.1S, be- ing less by $663,210.64 than the sum cppro- priated on the same account for the pre- vious year. Pensions. At the close of the last fiscal year, on the 80th day of June, 1804, there were 969,544 Persons on our pension rolls, being a net in- crease of 3,582 over the number reported at the end of the previous year. These pensioners may be classified as follows: Soldiers and sailors, survivors of ell wars, 753,063; widows and relatives of deceased soldiers, 215,162; army nurses in the war of the rebellion, 414. Of these pensioners 82,039 are surviving soldicrs of Indian and other wars prior to the lute @ivil war, and the widows or relatives of @uch soldiers. Tho remainder, numbering i 987,506, are receiving pensions on account of the war of the rebellion, and of these 460,344 are on the rolls under the authority of the act of June 27, 1890, sometimes call- ed the dependent pension law. The total amount expended for pensions during the year was $139,804,461.05, leaving an unexpended balance from the sum ep- propriated of $25,205,712.65. The sum necessary to meet pensions ex- penditures for the year ending June 30, 1896, is estimated at $140,000,000. The commissioner of pensions is of the opinion that the year 1895, being the thirti- eth after the close of the war of the rebel- lion, must, according to all sensible human calculations, see the highest limit of the persion roll, and that after that year it must begin to decline. c The claims pending in the bureau have “decreased more than 90,000 during the year. A large proportion of the new claims filed are for increase of pensions by those now on the rolls. The number of certifi- cates issued was 80,213. The names dropped from the rolls for ell causes during the year numbered 37,951. Among our pensioners are nine widows and three daughters of soldiers of the revolution, and forty-five survivors of the war of 1812. Pension Frauds. The barefaced and extensive pension frauds exposed under the direction of the courageous and generous veteran soldier now at the head of the bureau leave no room for the claim that no purgation of our pension rolls was needed, or that con- tinued vigilance and prompt action are not necessary to the same end. The accusation that an effort to detect pension frauds is evidence of unfriendliness toward our worthy veterans and a denial of their claims to the generosity of the gcvernment, suggests an unfortunate in- difference to the commission of any offense which has for its motive the securing of a pension, and indicates a willingness to be blind to che existence of mean and treacherous crimes which play upon dema- gogic fears and make sport of the patriotic impulse of @ grateful people. Census Matters. The completion of the eleventh census is now in charge of the commissioner of la- bor. The total disbursements on account of the work for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, amounted to $10,365,676.51. At the close of the year the number of persons-emplvyed in the census office was 67¥. At present there are about 400. The whole number of volumes necessary to comprehend the eleventh census will be twenty-five and they will contain 22,270 printed pages. The assurance is confident- ly made that b.fore the close of the present calendar year the material still incomplete will be practically in hand and the census can certainly be closed by the 4th of March, 1885. After that the revision and proof reading necessary to bring out the volumes will still be required. The text of the census volumes has been limited, as far as possible, to the analysis of the sta- tistics presented. -This method, which is in accordance with law, has caused more or less friction and in some instances individ- ual disappointment, for when the commis- sioner of labor took charge of the work he found much matter on hand which, accord- ing to this rule, he was competled to dis- card. The census is being prepared ac- cording to the theory that it is designed to collect facts and certify them to the pub- Me—not to elaborate arguments or to pre- sent personal views. Secretary Morton’s Department. The Secretary of Agriculture in his re- port reviews the operations of his depart- ment for the last fiscal year and makes recommendations for the further extension of its usefulness. He reports a saving in expenditures during the year of $600,000, which is covered back into the treasury. This sum is 23 per cent of the entire ap- propriation. A special study has been made of the de- mand for American farm products in all foreign markets, especially Great Britain. That country received from the United States during the nine months ending Sep- tember 30, 1894, 305,910 live beef cattle, valued at $26,500,000, as against 182,611 cat- tle, valued at $16,634,000, during the same period for 1893. During the first six months of 1894 the United Kingdom took also 112,000,000 pounds of dressed beef from the United States, valued at nearly $10,000,000. The report shows that during the nine months immediately preceding September 80, 1894, the United States exported to Great Britain 222,676,000 pounds of por! of apples, 1,900,000 bushels, valued at $2,- 500,000, and of horses, 2,811, at an average value of $139 per head. There was a falling off in American wheat exports of 13,500,000 bushels, and the Secretary is inclined to believe that wheat may not in the future be the staple export cereal product of our country, but that corn will continue to ad- vance in importance as an export, on ac- count of the new uses to which it is con- stantly being appropriated. _ The exports of agricultural products from the United States for the fiscal year ending June 80, 1834, amounted to $628,- 863,088, being 72.28 per cent of American exports of every description, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain took more than 54 per cent of all farm products find- ing foreign markets. The Department of Agriculture has un- dertaken during the year two new and im- portant lines of research. The first relates to grasses and forage plants, with the pur- pose of instructing and familiarizing the people as to the distinctive grasses of the United States, and teaching them how to introduce valuable foreign forage plants which may be adapted to this country. The second relates to agricultural soils and crop production, involving the analyses of samples-of soils from all sections of the American Union, to demonstrate their adaptability to particular plants and crops. Mechanical analysis of soils may be of such inestimable utility that it is foremost in the new lines of agricultural research, and the Secretary therefore recommends that a division having it In charge be per- manently established in the department. A Good Word for the Weather Bureau. The amount app-opriated for the weather bureau was $951,100. Of that sum $138,500, or 14 per cent, has been saved, ard is 1% urned to the treasury. As illustrating the usefuiness of this service, it may be here stated that the warnings which were very generally given of two tropica) sturms oc- curring in September and October of the present year resulted in detaining safely In port 2,305 vessels,valued at $36,283,913,laden with cargoes of probably still greater value. What {s much more important and grati- fying, many human lives on these ships were also undoubtedly saved. The appropriation to the bureau of api- mal industry was $850,000, and the expe, ditures for the year were only $ thus leaving unexpended inspection of beef animals for export and interstate trade has been continued, and 12,944,056 head were inspected during the year, at a cost of 1 3-4 cents per head, against 4 3-4 cents for 1 The amount of pork microscopically examined was 35,- 437,987 pounds, against 20,677,410 pounds in the preceding year. The cost of this in- spection has been diminished from 8 3-4 cents per head in 1893 to 6 1-2 cents in 18%, More Inspection, Less Cost. The expense of inspecting the pork sold in 1894 to Germany and France by the United States was $58,922.10. The quan- tity Inspected was greater by 15,000,000 peunds than during the preced'ng year, when the cost of such inspection was $172,107.08. The Secretary of Agriculture recommends that the law providing for the microscopic inspection ef export and interstate meat be so amended as to com- pel owners of the meat inspected to pay the cost of such inspection, and I call at- tention to the arguments presented in his report in support of this recommendation. The live beef cattle exported and tagged during the year numbered 363,535. This is an increase of 69,533 head over the pre- vious year. ‘The sanitary inspection of cattle shipped to Europe has cost an average of 103-4 cents for each animal, and the cost of In- specting southern cattle and the disinfec- tion of cars and stock yards averages 2.7 cents per animal. The scientific inquiries of the bureau of animal industry have progressed steadily during the year. Much tuberculin and mallein have been furnished to state au- thorities for use in the agricultural col- leges and experiment stations for the treatment of tuberculosis and glanders. Quite recently this department has pub- lished the results of its investigations of hovine tuberculosis, and its researches will be vigorously continued. Certain herds in the District of Columbia will be thoroughly inspected, and will probably supply ade- quate scope for the department to intelli- gently prosecute its scientific work and furnish sufficient material for purposes of illustration, description and definition. The sterilization of milk suspected of containing the bacilli of tuberculosis has been during the year very thoroughly ex- plained in a leafiet by Dr. D. E. Salmon, the chief of the bureau, and given general circulation throughout the country. Farmers Are Being Educated. The office of experiment stations, which is a part of the United States Department of Agriculture, has during the past year engaged itself almost wholly in preparing for publication works based upon the re- ports of agricultural experiment @tations and other institutions for agricultural in- quiry in tha United States and foreign countries. The Secretary in his report for 1893 call- ed attention to the fact that the apgro- priations made for the support of the ex- periment stations throughout the Union were the only moneys taken out of the national treasury by act of Congress for which no accounting to federal authorities was required. Responding to this sugges- tion, the Fifty-third Congress in making the appropriation for the department for the present fiscal year provided that— The Secretary of Agriculture shall pre- scribe the form of annual financial state- ment required by section 3 of said act of March 2, 1887; shall avcertain whether the expenditures under the appruprtation here- by made are in accordance with the pro- visions of said act, and shall make report thereon to Congress. The best service of the statistician of the Department of Agriculture is the ascer- tainment, by diligence and care, of the actual and real conditions, favorable or unfavorable, of the farmers and farms of the country and to seek the causes which produce these conditions, to the end that the facts ascertained may guide their in- telligent treatment. e In obedience to this law the Department of Agriculture immediately sent out blank forms of expense accounts to each station and proposes in addition to make, through truated experts, systematic examination of the several stations during each year for the purpose of acquiring by personal in- vestigation the detailed information neces- sary to enable the Secretary of Agricul- ture to make, as the statute provides, a satisfactory report to Congress. The boards of management. of the several stations with great alacrity and cordiality have approved the amendment to the law pro- viding the supervision of their expendi- tures, anticipating «hat it will increase the efficiency of the stations and protect their directors and managers from loose charges concerning their use of public funds, besides bringing the Department of Agriculture into closer and more confi- dential relations with the experimental stations, and through their joint service largely increasing their usefulness to the agriculture of the country. Acting upon a recommendation contained in the report of 1893, Congress appro- Priated $10,000 “‘To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to investigate and report upon the nutritive value of the various articles and commodities used for human food, with special suggestion of fully wholesome and edible rations less wasteful and more economical than those in common use.” Under this appropriation the department has prepared and now has nearly ready for distribution an elementary discussion of the nutritive value and pecuniary economy of food. When we consider that fully one- half of all the money earned by wage earn- ers of the civilized world is expended by them for food, the importance and utility of such an investigation is apparent. The department expended in the fiscal year 1893. $2,454,800.56, and out of that sum the total amount expended in scientific re- search was 45.6 per cent. But In the ycar ending June 30, 1894, out of a total ox- Penditure of $1,948,988.38, the department applied 51,8 per cent of that sum to sci- entific work and investigation. It is, there- fore, very plainly observable that the economies which have been practiced in the administration of thé department have not been st the expense of scientific re- search. Cutting Down the Features. The recommendation contained in the re- Port of the Secretary for 1998, that the vicious system of promiscuous free distri- bution of its departmental documenis be abandoned is again urged. These publica- tions may well be furnished without cost to public libraries, educational institutions and the officers and libraries of states and of the federal government; but from all individuals applying for them a price cov- ering the cost of the document asked for should be required. Thus the publications and documents would be secured by those who really desire them for proper purposes. Half a million of copies of the report of the Secretary of Agriculture are printed for distribution, at an annual cost of about $800,000. Large numbers of them are cum- bering store rooms at the Capitol and the shelves of ggcond-hand book stores through- out the country. All this labor and waste might be avoided if the recommendations of the Secretary were adopted. The Secretary also again recommends thet the gratuttous distribution of sea cease, and that no money be approp ed for that purpose except to experiment sia- tions. He reiterates the reasons given in his report for 1803 for discontinuing this unjustifiable gratuity, and I fully concur in the conclusions which he has reached. A further important utility {n agricuitur- al statistics 1s found in their elucidation of the relation of the supply of farm products to the demand for them in the markets of the United States and of the world. It is deemed possible that an agricultural census may be taken each year through the agents of the statistcal division of the de- partment. Such a course is commended for trial by the chief of that division. Its scopé would be: (1) The area under each of the more important crops. (2.) The aggregate prod- uets of eacn of such crops. i.) The quan- tity of wheat and corn in the hands of farmers at a date after the spring sowings and plantings und before the beginning of harvest; and also the quantity of cotton and tobacco remaining in the hands of planters, either at the same date or at some other designated time. The cost of the work is estimated at $4R),000. Owing to the peculiar quality of the statistician’s work, and the natural and acquired fitness necessary to its successful prosecution, the Secretary of Agriculture expresses the opinion that every person employed in gathering statistics under the f of that division should be admitted to that service only after a thorough, ex- haustive and successful eaamination at the Eleemosynary hands of the United States civil service commission. This has led him to call for such examination of candidates for the po- sition of assistant statisticians, and also of candidates for chiefs of sections in that division. The work done by the Department’ of Agriculture is very superficially dealt with in this communication, and I commend the report of the Secretary, and the very im- portant interests with which it deals, to the careful attention of the Congress. Still a Champion of Civil Service Re- form, The advantages to the public service of an adherence to the principles of civil serv- ice reform are constantly more apparent, and nothing is so encouraging to those in official life who honestly desire good gov- ernment as the increasing appreciation by our peuple of these’ advantages. A vast majority of the voters of the land are ready to insist that the time and attention of those they select to perform for them important public duties should not be dis- tracted by doling out minor offices, and they are growing to be unanimous in re- garding party organization as something that should be used in establishing party principles instead of dictating the distri- bution of public places as rewards of par- tisan activity. Numerous additional offices and places have lately been brought within civil serv- ice rules ard regulations, and some others will probably soon be included. The report of the commissioners will be submitted to the Congress, and I invite careful attention to the recommendations it contains, “Phere Should Be a National Board of Health, I am entirely convinced that we ought not to be longer without a national board of health or national health officer,charged with no other duties than such as pertain to the protection of our country from the invasion of pestilence and disease. This would Involve the establishment, by such beard or officer, of proper quarantine pre- cautions, or the necessary ald and counsel to local authorities on the subject, prompt advice and assistance to local boards of health or health officers in the suppression of contagious disezse, and in cases where there are no such local boards or officers, the immediate direction by the national board or officer of measures of suppression, constant and authentic information con- cerning the health of foreign countries and all parts of our own country «s re- lated to contegious diseases; and consid- eration of regulations to be enforced in foreign ports to prevent the introduction of contagion into our cities and the meas- ures. which should be adopted to secure their enforcement. There seems to be at this time a decided inclination to discuss measures of protec- tion against contagious diseases in inter- natlonai conference with a view of adopt- ing means of mutual assistance. The creation of such a national health establishment would grvatly ald our stand- ing in such conferences and improve our opportunities to avail ourselves of their Lenefits. I earnestly recommend the inauguration of a national bvard of health or similar national instrumertality, belleving the same to be a needéd precaution against contagious disease and in the interest of the safety and health of our people. The Strike Commfsston’s Work Well Done. By virtue of a statute of the United States, passed in 1898, appointed in July last Hon. Jno. D. Kernan of tho state of New York and How. Nicholas E. Worth- Angton of the state gf I!nois to form, with Hon. Carroll D. Wright, commissioner of labor, who was designated by said statute, @ commission for the purpose of making careful inquiry into the éauses of the con- troversies between ‘certain railroads and their employes whigh had resulted in an extensive and destructive strike, accom- panied by much -violehce and dangerous disturbance, with considerable loss of life and great destruction. of property. The report of the commission has been sub- mitted to me and will be transmitted to Congress with the evidence taken upon their investigation. Their work has been well done and their standing and intelli- gerce give assurance that the report and suggestions they make are worthy of care- ful consideration. Favors the Popgun Bil ‘The tariff act passed at the last session of the Congress needs important amend- ments If it is to be executed effectively and with certainty. In addition to svch ne sary amendmeats as will not change rates of duty, I am still very decidedly in favor of putting coal and fron upon the free list. A Blow at the Sugar Trast. So far as the sugar schedule is coacerned I would be glad, under existing aggrava- tlens, to see every particle of differential duty in favor of refined sugar stricken out of our tariff law. If wita all the favor now accorded the sugar refining interest in our tariff laws it still languishes to the ex- tent «i closed refinerfes and thousands of discharged workmen, it would seem. to pre- sent a hopeless case for reasonable legisla- tive aid. a Whatever else 18 done or omitted, 1 ear- nestly repeat here the recommendation 1 Fave made in another portion of this com- munication, that the additional duty of 1-10 ef a cent per pound laid upon sugar im- perted from countries paying a bounty on the export be abrogated. It seems to m2 that exceedingly important considerations point to the propriety of this amendment Would Encourage Commerce, With the advent of a new tariff policy not only calculated to relieve the con- sumers of our land in the cost of their daily life, but to invite a better develop- ment of American thrift and create for us closer and more profitable commercial re- lations with thetrest of the world, it fol- lows as a Jogical and imperative necessity that we should at once remove the chief, if not the only obstacle, which has so long prevented our participation in the foreign carrying trade of the sea. A tariff built upon the theory that it is well to check imports and that a heme market should bound the industry and effort of American producers, was fitly supplemented by a refusal to allow American registry to ves- sels built abroad, though owned and navi- gated by our people, thus exhibiting a will- ingness to abanden contest for the ad- vantages of American transoceanic care riage. Our new tariff policy, built upon the theory that it ts well to encourage such importations as our people need, and that our products and manpfactures should find markets in every part of the habitable globe, is consistently supplemented by the greatest possible Mberty te our citizens in the ownership and navigation of ships in which our products aud manvfactures may be transported. The millions now paid to foreigners for carrying, American passen- gers and products xeress the sea should be turned into American hands. Ship- building, which has been protected to stran- gulation, should be revived by the prospect of profitable employment for ships when built, and the American sailor should be resurrected and again take his place, a sturdy and industrious citizen in time of peace and a patriotic and safe defender of American interests in the day of conflict. ‘The ancient provision of our law denyi American ‘registry to ships built abroad and owned by Americans appears in the light of present conditions not oniy to be a failure for good at every point, but to be nearer a relic of barbarism than anything that exists under the permission of a tatute of. the United States. 1 earnestly recemmend its prompt repeal. The Vanishing Gold Reserve. During the last month the gold reserved in the treasury for the purpose of redeeni- ing the notes of the government circulat- momination than $10; ing as money in the hands of the people became so reduced, and its further deple- tion in the near future seemed so certain, that in the exercise of proper care for the public welfare it became necessary to re- plenish this reserve, and thus maintain popular faith in the ability and determina- tion of the government to meet, as agreed, its pecuniary obligations. It would have been well if in this emer- gency authority had existed to issue the bonds of the government bearing a low rate of interest and maturing within a short period, but, the Congress having failed to confer such authority, resort was necessarily had to the resumption act of 1875, and, pursuant to its provisions, bonds were issued, drawing interest at the rate of 5 per cent per annum, and maturing ten years after their issue, that being the shortest time authorized by the act. I am glad to say, however, that on the sale of these bonds the premium received operated to reduce the rate of interest to be paid by the government to less than 3 per cent. Nothing could be worse or further re- moved from sensible finance than the re- lations existing between the currency the government has issued, the gold held for its redemption, and the means which must be resorted to for the purpose of replenish- ing such redemption fund when impaired. ven if the claims upon this fund were confined to the obligations originally in- tended, and if tha redemption of these obligations meant their cancellation, the fund would be very small. But these obli- gations, when received and redeemed in gold, are not canceled, but are reissued, and may do duty many times by way of drawing gold trom the treasury. Thus we have an endless chain in operation, con- stantly depleting the treasury’s gold, and never near a final rest. As if this was not bad enough, we have by a statutory dec- laration that it is the policy of the govern- ment to maintain the parity between gold and silver aided the force and momentum of this exhausting process, and added largely to the currency obligations claim- ing this peculiar gold redemption. Our small gold reserve is thus subject to drain from every side. The demands that in- crease our danger also increase the neces- sity of protecting this reserve against de- pletion, and it 1s most unsatisfactory to know that the protection afforded is only a temporary palliation. Congress Held Blameworthy. It 18 perfectly and palpably plain that the only way under present conditions by which this reserve when dangerously de- pleted can be replenithed is through the issue and sale of the bonds of the govern- ment for gold; and yet Congress has not only thus far declined to authorize the is- sue of bonds best sulted to such a pur- pose, but there seems a disposition in some quarters to deny both the necessity and power for the issue of bonds at all. I cannot for a moment believe that any of our citizens are deliberately willing that their government should default in its pecuniary obligations or that its financial operations should be reduced to a silver basis. At any rate, I should not feel that my duty was done if I omitted any effort I could make to avert such a calamity. As long, therefore, as no provision is made for the final redemption or the putting aside of the currency obligation now used to repeatedly and constantly draw from the government its gold, and as long as no better authority for bond issues is allowed than at present exists, such authority will be utilized whenever and as often as it becomes necessary to maintain a sufficient gold reserve, and in abundant time to save the credit of our courtry and make good the financial declarations of our govern- ment. Questions relating to our banks and cur- rency are closely connected with the sub- Ject just referred to, and they also present some unsatisfactory features. More Elastie Currency Needed. Prominent among them are the lack of elasticity in our currency circulation and its frequent concentration in finaficial cen- ters when it 1s most needed in other parts of the country. The absolute divorcement of the government to the circulation of the currency of the country. This condition cannot be immediately reached; but, as a step in that direction, and as a means of securing a more elastic curreycy and ob- viating other objecticns to the present ar- rangement of bank circulations, the Secre- tary of the Treasury presents in his report a scheme modifying. present banking laws, and providing for the issue of circulating notes by state banks, free from taxation, under certain Mmitations. Indorses Secretary Carlisle. The Secretary explains his plan so plain- ly, and its advantages are developed by him with such remarkable clearness, that any effort on my part to present argument in its support would be superfluous. I shall, therefore, content myself with an unqualified indorsement of the Secretary's proposed changes in the law and a brief and imperfect statement of their promi- nent features. It 1s proposed to repeal all laws pro- viding for the deposit of United, States bonds as security for circulation; “to per- mit national banks to issue circulating notes not exceeding in amount 7% per cent of their paid up and unimpaired capital, provided they deposit with the government, as a guarantee fund, in United State legal tender notes, including treasury notes of 1890, a sum equal in amount to 30 per cent of the notes they desire to issue, this deposit to be maintained at all times, but whenever any bank retires any part of its circulation a proportional part of its guarantee fund shall be returned to it; to permit the Secretary of the Treasury to prepare and keep on hand ready for issue, in case an increase in circulation ts desired, blank national bank notes for each bank having circulation, and to repeal the pro- visions of the present law imposing limi- tations and restrictions upon banks desir- ing to reduce or Increase their circulation, thus permitting such increase or reduction within the limit of 75 per cent of capital to be quickly made as emergercies arise. In addition to the guarantee fund re- quired it is proposed to provide a safety fund for the immediate redemption of the cireulating notes of failed banks, by im- posing a smalt anual tax, say one-half of 1 per cent, upon the average circulation of each bank until the Tund amounts to 5 per cent of the total circulation outstand- ing. When a bank fails its guarantee fund is to be paid into this safety fund and its notes are to be redeemed in the first in- stance from such safety fund thus aug- mented, any impairment of such fund caused thereby to be made good from the immediately available cash asscts of said bank, and if these should be insufficient such impairment to be made good by pro rata assessment among the other banks, their contributions constituting a first Hen upon the assets of the failed bank in favor of the contributing banks. Suggested Safeguards. As a further security, it is contemplated that the existing provision fixing the tn- dividual liability of stockholders is to be | retained and the bank's indebtedness on account of its circulating notes is to be made a first lien on aff its assets. For the purpose of meeting the expense of printing notes, official supervision, can- cellation and other like charges, there shall be imposed a tax of, say, one-half of one per cent per annum upon the aver- age amount of notes in circulation. It is further’ provided that there shall be no national bank notes issued of a less de- that each national bank, except in case of a failed bank, shall redeem or retire its notes in the firet instance ut its own office or at agen- cies to be-designated by it, and that no fixed reserve- need be maintained on ac- count of deposits, Another very important feature of this plan is the exemption of state banks from taxation by the United States In cases where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury and con- troller of the currency by banker claim- ing such exemption that they have not had outstanding their circulating notes ex- ceeding 75 per cent of their paid-up and unimpaired capital; that their stockholders are individually liable for the redemption of their circulating notes to the full ex- tent of their ownership of stock; that the Uability of said banks upon their circulat- ing notes constitutes under their state law a first lien upon their sets; that such banks have kept and maintained a guarantes fund in United States legal ten- der notes, including treasury notes of 1890, equal to 30 per cent of their outstanding circulating notes when presented at their principal or branch offices. It is quite likely that this scheme may be usefully amended in some of its details, but I am satisfied it furnishes a basis for a very great improvement in our present banking and currency system. Will Co-Operate With Congress. I conclude this communication, fully ap- preciating that the responsibility for all legislation affecting the people of the United States rests upon their representa- tives in the Congress, and assuring them that, whether in accordance with recom- mendations I have made or not, I shall be glad to co-operate in perfecting any legis- lation that tends to the prosperity and wel- fare of our country. GROVER CLEVELAND. Executive Mansion, December 8, 1894. Permanently, painlessly, pleasantly. No ibility of” failure When thee powders PROCESS 1s used. This treatment, although new, {8 already famous for its ‘wonderful cures. Sce ur regarding your cas>, We'll advise you without chirge’ and treatment, Both sexes attended. 224" our National Hernial Institute. Wexbington pyar G St ‘Opposite Bi . anne 4 Riggs House. Aren’t You Weary, OF SOWING FOR OTHERS TO REAP? Buppose we reverse the order of things—We sowed good seed, which fell upon good ground, and the harvest is plentiful. YE SHALL BE THE REAPERS— —shall gather into your garners—recelve the sum total of the benefits resulting from our knowledge our experience, our READY CASH. This proposition a1 your acceptance; you carefully consider a few details? First and foremost 1s a line of MEN'S SUITS OF CLOTHES—the original purchase was THREE HUNDRED AND TWENTY SUITS—tat last week's sales reduced the number to EIGHTY SUITS, showing a sale of TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY SUITS OF THIS ONE LINE IN SIX DAYS. It ts & surprise to us that even as many as elghty suits were left upon our counters, as we expected to sell them all the first week, at the price named— $5.75 A SUIT. ‘We are glad, however, that those of you who Were not prepared to buy last week HAVE ANOTHER CHANCE At these CRUSHING BARGAINS, Come early, please. MEN'S TOP COATS—ALL WOOL. MEN'S HOMESPUN OVERCOATS. MEN'S OVERCOATS, Black Cheviots, Oxford Mixtures, Grey Meltom, Tiger Silk Mixtures, All-wool Tweeds and Daisy Diagonals, $7.50. MEN'S SUITS. Black and Blue Cheviot, Blarney Tweeds, Silk Mixtures, Fancy Cassimeres, Long Sacks, Single and Double-breasted, and Regent Frocks. $7.50. MEN'S OVERCOATS. Campbell's Kerseys, Black, Blue and Drab; Cheviots, Bedford Cord, Serges and Tweeds. $10. MEN'S SUITS: That were $18.75, $17.50, $16.50, $16 and $15— embracing every style im touch with the prevailing modes. $10. MEN'S PANTALOONS, .00 UPWARD. |AT WERE $7.50 NOW MEN'S PANTALOON: SOUS! THREE-PIECE SUITS, BOYS' TWQ:PIECE SUITS, $1. VICTOR E. Open Evenings until 7, Saturday until 1 1 pm Butter. =lb We have just completed ° arrangements with the 2.50 UPWARD. UPWARD. msaers of the finest But- Boxes, 91.50. Wewant to sell you. Orders delivered gnywhere, at any time. ter im the Elgin districr to supply us regularly with the highegt grades of Pure Butter; which enables us to quote right prices for right quality. Wilkins & Company, Square Marble and Glass Stands, Center Market.: _Dows-40d ‘Fur Scarfs —_—- “all the rage’ this season, To the demand we've ordered v lot. ‘ih just arrived. > y come in diffe: lees, to suit them are HUD- |= ER. | CPRIC &e.- and double lengths. [FA new lot of CHILDR FURS also tucluded tn this Iiring the Httle folks tn. — vers low. : i . . H James Y. Davis’ Sons, ? MATTERS AND FURRIERS, i short, del-24d 1201 PENN. AVENUE, No need to send to New York for your Furs. Our buyer is continually at the market, on the watch for any- thing novel in the way of Furs. Yoa ean = uy your Purs here at “New York bd pri ee. Sealskin Jackets, $275 to $350. magnificent line of Sealskin Jack- ets, latest st: $275 to $350. Persian Jackets, $150. eee Elegant Persian Jackets, 82 in. deep, 36 in. bust. Oniy $150. Astrakhan Jackets, $35. renee eenly Astrakhan | Jackets, latest Noe Tork tad. "Only. $33. Fur Capes, $20 Up ficent assortment of Fur Caper, in black marten, miink, electric seal, © © © wool seal and astrakhan, $20 up. eo GySpectal--12 yards Electric Seal, © °° one inch wide, 25c. yard. B. Stinemetz <, 1237 PA. AVE. EERIE REERRESRRERR Ee RAILROADS, PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. Station corner of 6th and B sts, In effect 4:60 p.m., November 25,” 1804, 10:30 A.M. PENNSYLVANIA LIMITED—Pulle man Sleepiug, Dining. Ubservat Soo, Acad da Hones Baa ie te He: a rol Buffet Varior Car FAsT 10:30 A.M. LINE— Pare lor Car ‘to. Harrisburg. Varios eed” Dane eat: Hea ates a :40 P.M. CHICAGO AND ST. Fullman Buffet Parlor Car to itn Gitcinont” Loufaciite and thieare (St 40410, PM. WESTERN Pullman {ng (Car to Chicago and Harrisburg to Cle ning Car to Chi 2 -M. SOUTHWESTERN EXPRESS—Pull- man and Dining Cars to St. Loals and 10:40 P.M. PACIFIC EXPRESS Tullman Sleep- ing (Car and |. for K. » Cana igua, Rochester nd, Niagara: Pulls daily, except Benday, ‘30 AM. for Elmira and Renovo daly, ex ot Sund: For Williamsport daily, 8:40 (OPM. for Williamsport, Rochester, B. ) Falls daily, except Saturdas, -with Buffalo, ae ae * we 10:40 P.M. for Erle, Conai falo ‘and ‘Niagnra Vaile dally, ‘Sleeping Cat Wonks = mee * Philadelphia, New York and the East. 4:00 P.M. “CONGRESSIONAL oy Parlor Cars, with Dining tee OUTED, for New York ‘dally, for Regular at 7:05 ¢ Gar), 9:00, 10:00 Car)’ a.an.,' 12:18, pain. “Oa” Su sPining Car), 9 215, 4:20, 6:40, Gelphia’ oaty, ce from Baltimore: Hladelphis, week days. ining Car), 7:3 200 (Dining (Diving Car) and’ 11:00 (Din! 3:15, 4:20, 6:40, 10:00 and 11 Tito Woah ne 1218, 10. 10:00 and BEY pin "Wo Boule’ Express, and Spm. dn nastics) =e E ily. ont change, 7 -m, week days ‘or Baltimors, 6:25, 7:08, 7:20, 7: 10:00, 10:30. ich tind TBO kame 1S, SORE 3:40 (4:00 Limited), 4:20, 4:36, 5:40, 6:08, 10, 10:00, 10:40, 1 Sanday, 7i05., 1:20., 8:00, 0:00, 0: E 201, 3:15, ‘8:40 143 . 6:40, ‘310, 10:00, 10:40 aod 18 Pope's Creek Line, et Sama 7:20 a.m. ano 4:36 p.m. Annapolis, 7:20, 9:00 and 11:50 a.m. and Gaily, “except Sunday. Sundays, 9:00 Line Express mond, Jacksonville and Tampa, 3050 ate, #80" p.m. daily. Richmond and Atlanta, 8:40" p.m. daily. Richmond only, 10:51 a.m. week days. Accommodation for Quantico, 7:48" a.m. Aatly aye. T:AS/ 8:40, 9:48, 4 Car), Car) aod 4:25 p.m. week d: Yor Alexandria, 4:30. "8:35, 10:57, 11:60 a.m’, 12:50, 17, E 5:37, 8:03, 40:10 end ito andy at 9:45 a.m, 2:45, ire e ve exandria ror Ws os 65, 8:00, 0:10, 10515, NOs kame 1:00, Sg , 5:30, 6213, fe 7:00, Bs Streets, where onle-s can be left ‘or the ebock: {ng of aguage (o destination from hotels and SM. PREVosT, 3, BR. Woob, qleneral Maniger. General Passenger Agent, CHESAVEAKE AND O10 RAILWAY. Schedule in effect December 2, 184. Trains leave daily from Union Station (B. and P.), Gth and B ste. Tren the grandest fo America, with solid train serv- the hai and most com; “3.20 Tea DAILY inching MM. yA oC th Special’’—Solid Vestibuled, newly ett eee tric-lighted, Steam-beated Train. Pullman's finest sieepiug cars Washington to Cincinnati, Indi Lis mod St. Louis without change. Dining Car irom Washingtov. Arrive Cinciunatl, 8:00 a.m; Indianapolis aoe m., and Chicago, 5:30 p.m. 5 p.m. DAILY.—fhe famous “F. B. ¥. Lim- ited." A solid vestibuled train, with dining car and Pullman sleepers for Cincinnati, Lexington dnd Loulsville, without change. Observation car from Hinton. ‘Arrives Cincinnatl, 5:50 p.w.; Lexing 8:00 p.m.; Louisville, 9:35 p.m.; Indiacapolis, 11 p.m.; Chicago, 7:30 a.m., and St. Louls, 6:56 a.an.5 Connects Jo Union depot for all points, 10:67 A.M., EXCEPT SUNDAY.—For Old Point Comf rt and Norfolk. Only rail line. 2:25 P.M. DAILY.—Exprews Charlottesville, Waynesboro’, ae points; dally, except Pulimay locations and tickets ai company's of- fies, 613 ut 1421 Pennsylvania avenue. py iH, W. FULLER, 11:10 P.M. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. Schedule in effect November 18 1804. Leave Washington from station corner of New Jersey avenue and © te For ana For Pittsburg and ‘Gleveland, ) 11:80 a.m. and 8:35 p.m. For Lexington abd Stauntou, 11:80 a.m. For Winchester and way stations, a5:30 p.m, For Luray, Natural Koanoke, Kuox' Chattanooga, “Memphis New Orieana, 153 ow es pd cars Ubrough. For ‘Balttinore,. Seek “ats, 27:10, 57:30, (8:00 45-minut Spina a Ee 1) 8: 328, 4: 15:30, 5: 2, 6:30, x8 and 1 123 Ste tete re oane td am, 12:15 VHILADELPHIA. Philadelphia, New York, Boston and cne 4:20," 8:00, (10:00 ry 4 | Car), 8:00, (5:00 Di 200, m. Dit ote Passenger Station. 8:00 A.M.—Dally—Local for, Danville, Connects Manassas { trasbur Sunday, oa at Tyneburg with the Norfoik wed Wana fon to Jacksonville, unitt Char lotte with Pullman Sleeper for Augusta’ also Pull: man Sleeper New York to Montgomer; —— 4 New en connects at Ki imap Sleeper for irmingham, Ala., Mempbis, — and Kansas City. a train for Sirasburt, Gailye eaeene Busaane . ex : 10:05 B.**.—-Datly—NI OkK ‘AND FLORIDA SHORT LINE LIMITED. Pullman Sleepers New York and Washington to Augusta and Tampa and Pullman Double Drawing oom Compartment Cat Xew York to St. Augustine. First-class day coaches Washington to St. tine without change, . 10:43 P.M.—Daily—WASHINGTON AND SOUTH. WESTERN VESTIBULED LIMITED, com of Pullman Vestibuled Sleepers and ‘Dining Cars. Pullman ae ae New York to Asheville and Hot Sees N. C., vin Salisbury, New York to Mem- phis via Birmingham and New York to New Orleans via Atlanta and Montgomery. Dining Car from Greensboro" to Montgomery. TRAINS ON WASHINGTON AND 01 [- VISION leave Washington 9:10 A.M. aug. 3 and 6:33 P.M. P.M. dally, except Sunday, Mi. tals, for Round fink and 6:38 P 9° dally for Hern Returning, arrive at Washington 8:34 A.M. aud 8:00 P.M. daily from Round Hil A.M. daily, except Sunday, from Herndon ‘Through trains from the South arrive at 2 A.M. A.M., 2:25 P.M. and 8:30 P.! furnished at Pennsylvania ave ue, and at Vennsylvania Railroad Passenger Sta- tion, Ww. A. TU Rinnizer. General Passencer Agent. L. 3. BROWN, Gen, Agt. Pass, Depts <== LAD.ES' GOODS. ANTON AND CAROLINE LERCH, 826 12TH AND 1206-1208 J st. a.w.—French dyetng and cleaning of every description; evening and party dresses made a specialty. Plush, Velvets, Blankets, Laces. a3 X LITTLE GIRL CAN MAKE TREE ORNAMENTS with fancy paper, gold and lustra paint, ecrap- book pictures, favors, toys, tree toys, cotton animals, games, theaters, ‘tinsel, snow, ‘glass balls, gilt oruaisents, candy boxes, etc. oc27-2m* GOULD'S 421 oth’ st. now. NISS BERTHA L BUTLER Has recently returned from Europe, bringing the latest styles in ball and dinner gowns, etrest Metumen? bridal outdts and high-dlass work “of every description, all of which Tam prepared to ite at the shortest notice. CARgent for the celebrated Pingate's Corsets. n2+-1m At 123 F st. E BLACK AND WHITE LACES DONE UP IN first-class Parisian style; white and satin dresses, aces and curtains a xpectalty; prices "reasonable. Call Mme, VIBOUL'S, sues fessor to Mme. Valmont, old stand, 713 11th st. nlm LADIES’ BSEALSKIN GARMENTS REDYED AND FL faired: “Tip Misses CUSNINGILAS, set-3m aes, oe hb Sh = UNDERTAKERS. W. R. Speare; Undertaker & Embaimer, 40 F Street Northwest. Everything strictly first-class and on the most reasonable terms, Telephone enlk 340, Jal-tr AUGUSTUS RURGDORF, FURNISHING UNDERTAKER AND 'EMDALMER, 1334 NEW YORK AVE. N.W. Televbone 295.