Evening Star Newspaper, November 24, 1894, Page 15

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1894-TWENTY PAGES. POST OFFI CE, TOKIO, ENGLAND AND JAPAN Why John Bull Would Like the War to End. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURES Wonders of Japanese Railroad Building. ABOUT ITS NEWSPAPERS (Copyrighted, 1804, by Frank G. Carpenter.) HE WONDERFUL | advancement which Japan has made in military matters ts surprising the world. The advancement which she is also making in manufac- turing Is not so well known, Her army has whipped the Chinese. Her laborers promise to beat the whole world in turn- ing out new goods and good goods. I among her factories last summer, and I found smokestacks going up all over the empire. The city of Osaka Is nearly as bi as Chicago, and it is the Pittsburg of Japan. It has about a million people, and it is a great business and manufacturing center. It has always been noted for its factories, but within the past ten years it has been introducing modern machinery, and, as I told you in my talk with Count Ito, it has now forty-six cotton mills, with 60,000 spindles. New machinery is being put In every day, and by the end of this year it is thought that the number of spin- dies will be more than 1,000,000, and it may yet be the chief exporter of cotton to China, India and even to the United States. ‘Tee Japanese are the greatest colorists of the world. They are a nation of artists, and they can make designs which we can- not produce. Already they are shipping a great amount of cotton here, and we are now buying Japanese rugs by the millions of yards evory year. A great deal of the cotton used in the Japanese mills is of ‘American growth, and I was told in Yoko- that Japan used $14,0),000 worth of rian cotton every year. I asked our consul general how this could be when we sold only about $3,000,000 worth of goods to Japan yearly. He replied: “I will tell you. It comes through Eng- land. Just think of it! Fourteen million dollars’ worth of our raw cotton is used here every year, and England gets a profit out of the sale. We first ship it to Liver- puol, and it ts then sent here via the Suez canal. It ought to come direct from Amer- fea, and our trunk lines could make a good thing if they would cut down their freight rates low enough to compete with England. If we could have this cotton sent direct, we would have the balance of the Japanese trade, ‘and, as it is, England gets the bulk of it.” “How much do we buy from Japan every year?” I asked. “About $17,000,000," was the reply. “How much does England buy?” “About $3,000,000." Hew much does she Sell to Japan?” ‘About seventeen million dollars, and fourteen million dollars’ worth of this is Amert-an cotton. You see, Japan has to Nave the American cotton. The India and Chinese cottons are short staple, and the Japanese Postman, by Native Artist. staple cotton comes. from the tates. We ought to have the How England Fights for Foreign Trade. England is very anxious to have the United States and the other countries of Europe act as the cats by which John Bull as the monkey pulls his commercial chest- | nuts out of the celestial fire. China has trade of about three hundred mil- ftom dollars a year, ant England gets the bulk of it. It naturally does not like to see this paralyzed by the war, and it will be very glad if Uncle or the Russian Bear will step in and quiet matters for it. ‘As far as commercial matters are concern- ed, it 1s the hog of the far east. and the o business methods of some its people ere by no means so clean as they might be. One of the meanest tricks upon record— on record—occurred in Yoko- rtly before I arrived there. It was in comnection with a contract for rail- road locomotives. The Japanese are very friendly to the United States, and the gov- ernment when it found that it had to have send word to our consulate e of our engine-build- This request was d one of our chief mofve to Tokyo. itive test of the s, and on the engines, sked that so! < would com America, ar ts sent a loc new and ing fi to take place the Americans tried their locomotive and it ran very well. It was oiled and put into thorough sh t, not thinking that they were di with a set of profes- sional race-course sharpers, the Americans failed to leave a jockey engineer to sleep the night previous to the race with their iron horse. The next morning, however, for some reason or other—I can’t tell why— they concluded to give the engine one more trial before entering the race. They fired up and turned on the steam. There was a spent some weeks | that a nut, which was of such a nature that it could have come from no other place than from the English competitors, had been placed in one of the valves. They found other “things misplaced, but fortu- nately were able to get the locomotive in- to fairly good shape before the trial, and half-crippled as she was, they beat the En- glish. The United States would have got- ten the contract, but on figuring the low- est possible cost ‘price, including the heavy freight rate across the United States, the builders found that they could not compete as to prices, and the difference was so great that the English got the contract. How Great Britain “Hogged” Present to Japan, Speaking of the English, the new pier which is now being built at Yokohama, and which, I am told, is of no earthly good, is an instance of their hoggishness and un- adulterated cheek. The story of this pier dates back to the fight at the Shimonoseki straits in 1863, in which our gunboat, the Wyoming, was blown up. Foreign. vessels had been warned to keep out, and some of the old Daimios had concluded to shell all foreign ships coming through these straits, and there was a French ship and a Dutch one also fired upon. The combined ficets of America, France, Holland and Great Our | | The Japanese Artist at Work. Britain then attacked the forts and si- lenced them. Not a single British ship was injured, but in the scttiement of the case, Great Britain said she must have a part of the indemnity, which amounted to some- thing like three million dollars. This was divided equally among the four powers, the demand was contrary to international law, ard the United States, feeling that it was an unjust one, by an act of Congress gave back the seven hundred and eighty odd thousand dollars to Japan. England, which had not heen injured at all, kept its JAPANESE MAIL WAGONS. runs from the capital to western Japan, there was an increase of 15 per cent. The Japan stock is not watered, as ours is, and there is no cutting of rates. The only thing that pays a profit to the United States government is*the patent office. We are losing millions now on our post office contracts. Japan is making money on everything, and it has as cheap postal rates and telegraph rates us we have. Nearly all the railroad stations have tele- phones or block signaling instruments. All have telegraph stations, and they car- ried last year nearly a million messages. ‘Their railways are of English construction, with one single exception. This is a line 200 miles long, which runs through the island of Yezo, and which was built by American engineers with American rolling stock. It was opened in 1880, and it ts, I am told, paying very well. The Japanese are now going to make their own engines. ‘They have works at Tokyo and Kobe, and they have been building freight and pas- senger cars for some titne. I am told that fifty new railways are contemplated, and that the charters for these have been ap- plied for, and a number of them already granted. A Ride on a Japanese Railroad. The Japanese cars have three classes— first, second and third. The first class is almost altogether like the English coaches, except that you enter at the end instead of at the side of the cars. The cars are di- vided up into compartments, with doors running through them. The first-class fare is about 3 cents per mile. The second- class, 2 cents per mile, and the third-class, Second-Cluss Cars, by Japanese Artist 1 cent per mile. All these fares are in sil- ver, which is just half the amount figured in American money, so that Japan has about the cheapest fares in the world. The second-class cars are for all the world like an American street car, with wide cushions running under the windows. They are well upholstered and very comyortable. They are seldom filled, and are used largely by the well-to-do Japanese. There are doors at the side, near the end, and these open directly on to the stations and not on to a vestibule as with us. You find all classes within them, and you may ride for hours with pretty Japanese girls, Buddhist priests and the thousand and one characters which make up the life of Japan. Many of the Japanese ladies squat on the seats, tucking their long gowns under their knees and ex- posing about an inch or two of bare skin between their little foot mittens and thelr kimonos. You meet many Japs in European clothes, and now and then one will take off his Japanese clothes, pull a foreign suit out of his bag and dress in the car right before your eyes. No one pays any attention, nor seems to think it strange. The Third-Class Cars. Tho third-class cars are uncushioned, and they are filled with the poorer classes? who trot through the stations in clogs, many of them having their dresses pulled up to their knees. They carry their baggage on their backs, and push and crowd In, They patronize the station restaura.ts, and every time the train stops there are peddless of cookies and tea who come to the car win- dows. You buy all sorts of food very cheap, and you can get a teapot of J anese tea, with a teacup on top, anywh I remember riding one day with Mr. John W. Thompson, a Washington banker, snd when the hour for lunch came we’ con- cluded to buy two pots of tea. I got them | and offered the man ten cents. He looked ts! — money, as did also France and Holland. Japan, in taking back the money from the United States, felt, of course, very grate- ful, but said that she would like to put it into some memorial representative of the kindness of the United States, and an at- tempt was made through an American connected with the foreign office in Japan, to have Congress endow a hospital or a school or something of that kind in Tokyo, which should be known as the American school. This was not done, however, and Japan was told to use it as she pleased. Here John Bull got in his flne work. He had the bulk of the shipping, and he thought a big breakwater or pier at Yoko- hama would be a good thing for his ships, and if it was made by English contractors, it would put money into his people's pock- ets. How it was done I do not know, but the English got the Japanese government to devote this maney to building that Yoko- hama pier, and the contract was given to an Englishman, and now that it Is about completed ft ts found to be of no good whatsoever. At the same time, John Bull is jingling his seven hundred and eighty- hve thousand dollars in his pockets, and is sending over some of the remains of Lis surplus to buy the bonds which we are compelled to issue to support our reserve in the Treasury Department. Oh, he's a nice philanthropist! He is! Remember how strongly he came in on the opium deal with China! And remember—but writing about Japan. Japanese Railroads. Speaking of locomotives, there is a won- derful railroad development going on in Japan. New roads are being extended In every direction, and with the indemnity which the country will probably get from the Chinese there will be an enormous in- crease in all kinds of public improvements. During my stay in Japan I met many of the chief railroad men of the country, and I was told that the revenues of nearly every railroad there are increasing. The government roads gave a net profit of more than $2,000,000 in 1893, and the increase in passenger receipts over the year preced- ing was more than $300,000. There was an increase of $190,000 in freight receipts, and this was an increase of more than 14 per | cent. There is a line running from the capital, Tokyo, to Yokohama, the chief seaport, which has trains every hour, and these are as well run as those betwoen grqting and crashing, and the engine stop- ed. ‘Upon examination, It was found that the engine had been tampered with, and Philadelphia and New York. The passen- ger receipts on this road increased 15 per cent last year, and on the main line, which rather queer, and I thought I had not giv- en him enough, and was about to hand him out twenty more, when, to our sur- prise, he gave me back five cents, and cur gulde told us that we were to keep the pots and the cups. This was two teapots, two cups and about one quart of tea for the sum of five cents, or for two and a half cents in American money. Such a teapot at home would cost at least twenty-five cents, and other things were proportionate- ly cheap. There ts no place in the world Where you can travel better and more cheaply than in Japan, and there is no place where you get so much for the mon- ey. There are good hotels everywhere, and the best hotels of Tokyo, Yokvhama and Kobe are equal to the best hotels of New York. The hotel rates at the best nouses are from four to five dotlars a day in sil- ver, which fs just half those amounts when reduced to American money. Clothes and other things are proportionately cheap, and Third-Class Passengers, by Japanese Artist. carriages—you ride about, you know, in jinrikishas—cost you from ten to fifteen cents an hour. Japan's Postal System. Speaking of Japan's postal system, the people are as great letter-writers as eny you will find in the world, and they use the post office and telegraph frecly. You must remember they had no postal system whatever about twenty years ago. Still, they carried last year over two hundred and twenty million letters, and more than fifty million newspapers, while five million books went through the maiis. They have a money order system, and they make postal cards much cheaper than we do. | ‘They make their own postage stamps, and they do the postal work of the east roast | of Asia. If you wish to send letters from | Shanghai, China, you put Japanese stamps | on them—or you did before this war be- wa and they had also their post offi:es in Corea. Their mails are as safe as and it is an interesting thing to know t their postal service was modeled a that of the United States. It was founde: by Mr. Samuel Bryan of Washington, who left the Post Office Department here ‘to go to Japan for that purpose. He did a good job, and America has reason to be proud of the work. The “Helloa Girls” of Japan. Japan has now a number of “helloa girls,” and in “Central” station at Tokyo I saw about fifty of them, with black rubber receivers about their ears, screeching Jap- c a anese answers over the wire. The tele- graph system is also growing, and Japan sent last year more than 5,000,000 tele- graphic dispatches. The country ts, in fact, growing so fast that it is impossible to keep track of it, and it publishes now al- most as many newspapers as;we do, in pro- portion to its people. Taereyare more than 200 different journals publighed in Tokyo alone, and Japan issues more than 200,00),- 000 copies of newspapers a year. Every one reads the newspapers, and I have seen jinrikisha men pull papers. out of their pockets and sit down and,read while I went in to make a call. The —— pay fairly well, and they are circulated by newsboys, who go about with bells in their hands, which they ring as they call out the names of their journals. Nearly every paper has had one or more gorrespondents in Corea, and nearly alkof them have had illustrations by their specialartists on the ground. Some of their artists command very high prices, and b have had illustra- tions for my letters made by the best of them. They have their reporters every- where, and I was interviewed a dozen times during my stay in Japan, and I met @ number of the editors. The government has, however, had a very rigid censorship of the press during the present war, and a number of the papers have been ned that they would be suspended if they made premature reports. Editors are now pun- ished nearly every day, and the real names of the editorg do not appear in the papers. The names which are published as those of the editors represent poor scribblers, who are paid from $20 to $30 a month, and who expect to take the blame if the paper gets into trouble. They are ready to be dragged off to prison and serve out any sentence that the court may impose upon them, for the improper statements publish- ed by the papers, and, provided their sala- ries go on, they don’t care how long their sentences last. ee WORKING UP WOOD WORK, The Great Difference Between This Country and Great Britain, ‘rom the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. British manufacturers in the working up of wood for house construction, furniture work, et., are in the habit of making tt as their forefathers made it. American manu- facturers had no forefathers to speak of, and, consequently, they were compelled to originate and devise special means of man- ufacture. Taking the class of work to be done, the American manufacturer thought it best to see if machinery could not be brought into play, and as a resuit of efforts in this direction machinery became used more and more, until nothing of any con- sequence whatever is made by hand; every- thing, indeed, in any kind of woodwork, is made by machinery. The Englishman, somehow or other, holds on to the old thing, the old method, the old-time way that his father before him used, and he knows no better, at least it seems so. Handwork is laberious, it is slow, it is expensive; then, too, as Englishmen are apt to forget, each and every part is not alike. In handwork {it is difficult to make all parts exactly alike. With machinery this is absolutely accurate. Passing through lerge shops throughout Great Britain, one is amazed with the simplicity, and the way- buck times way of manufacturing wood work. Perhaps this comes from the con- servatism of English people, no doubt it does. There is a lack of desire to change from the old thing to the new. One great trouble with the Britisher ts that in the selection of woodwork he is, if a buyer, compelled to take what is offered him; that is to say, the woodwork manu- facturer has a style or styles that have been made by his father, afd probably by his grandfather before him, and the buyer has no opportunity of selection. In the United States, If a man wants to bulld a house and his architect says that he ought to have his woodwork according to his selection, and the plans are drawn up with the styles of the woodwork that he desired in the specifications, the contractor building the house goes to his woodworking manu- facturer, tells him that he wants the wood- work of such a description, that manufac- turer is compeiled of necessity to make that woodwork or devise the means whereby it can be made, or loses the contract. That is the difference between a British and an American manufacturer in this one point. eer THE ELEPHANT. WiIsboM OF He Knows When He Has Been Swin- dled and Vigorously Resents It. From an Exchange. One day, says a writer of English mili- tary experiences, a heavy gun stuck in the muddy bottom of a stream and the tandem elephant was unhooked to shove behind, or lift the muzzle of the gun with his trunk, But he would not; he only bellowed and swayed uneasily, shifting from one foot to the other in the sticky mud. At last, with piteous, shrill trumpeting, he touched the sharp point of the iron right on the “He says he is afraid of hurting sahib,” explained the mahout. answered the officer in jest, “tell him to spoke the wheel.” “Promise him eesh, sahib, and he will.” “Very The elephant carefully found a se- curer footing, curled his trunk round a lower spoke, and made the wheel revolve. Then the shaft elephant put in his ponder- ous weight and the gun slowly rose out of the mud and rclled up the opposite bank. ‘The triumphant mahout demanded back- sheesh for bis Hooshiar Hatt! (wise ele- phant). “You scamp! You want the back- sheesh for yourself.” “No, sahib, I dare not cheat him, and if you ‘don’t give him backsheesh he will remember you are no gentleman and will never work for you again.” “All right,” sald the officer, toss- ing the man a couple of rupees in succes- sion. “How shall I know you don’t cheat him?” “Come and see him fed this even- ing, sahib. That evening by moonlight the officer was summoned to see Hoosbiar Hatti eat his supper. The eleyhant was swaying to and fro, fanning himself with a branch, and round the fire stood huge chupatties—fat cakes of flour, butter and sugar—purchased with the backsheesh for the Hooshiar’s supper. The mahout took up one of these cakes and offered it to the “wise one,” who weighed it carefully in his trunk and then deposited it, witI a satisfled smack, in his raw-looking mouth. “Now, sahib, this second shupattie is light weight. See him find it out.” The elephants are accustomed to a cer- tain ration weight, and when the hooshiar took this cake by the edge an angry twinkle came into his wicked little eye, and, quick as tightning he slapped the ma- hout In the face with the leathery mass. “See, sahib,” cried the man in gleo, “I dare not cheat him!” And he picked himself up and offered a larger chupattie. “Here, you foolish one! Did I ever cheat you? This one is overweight.” The elephant un- derstood and ate in forgiving tranquility. meee ree ANNOUNCEMENT. A STARTLING And the Minister Tells the Story Against Himself. From the San Francisco News-Letter. The Rev. George R. Dodson, the popular Uritarian minister of Alameda, tells rather a good story at his own éxpense. While spending the summer yacation at Skagg’s Springs one of his greatest friends was a fellow boarder, a litthe girl about eight years old. The two were constant com- panions, and the child daily accompanied the clergyman on his exgursions in the neighborhood. One evening the little girl remarked to her fellow diners: “I like going out with Mr. Dodson.” “Why?" queried a stranger, hoping to draw the ¢hild out. “Because he has no morals,” was the startling reply. When the summer bdardets had recover- ed their equanimity they instituted an in- vestigation, the upshot of which was the discovery that the curly-haired maiden possessed an insatiable craving for stories, This desire was frequently gratified by Mr. Dodson, but unlike the anecdotes of the child's mother, the ministe tales re never pointed with a moral for the ungster’s government. 2o+-— The Incrense Partly Expl From the Detroit Tribune, “In closing,” wrote the Fool Killer in his annual report, “I take great pleasure in making the usual acknowledsments to those who have helped me in my work. But I also feel constrained to embrace this opportunity to call your attention to the fact that fewer women get off street cars backward year by year, while the practice ef towing out the gas’ has become practi- cally obsolete, all of which seems to em- phasize the reasonableness of my request for a regular assistant.” 4s —————————————SSSS rr etit PROBLEMS OF LABOR Co-operative Systems and Also That of Profit Sharing. SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS IN THIS COUNTRY What is Needed in Productive and Distributive Association. BUSINESS VERSUS SENTIMENT Written for The Evening Star. ARTIES MAY come and _ parties mey go, but there will yet remain with us an industrial s; tem under which the workers who do the most work will re- ceive the least pay, and the problem of how best to secure a just and equitable distribution of the products of labor is a still unsolved. Men of broad minds and brilliant intellects have for years applied themselves to this sub- ject, with the result that we have as many schools of reform as there are reform- ers, all agreeing as to the necessity for something in the way of relief, but radi- cally disagreeing as to the method to be employed to secure it. Under modern fac- tory discipline the worker has become a mere part of the machinery, and performs his or her allotted task each day in a mechanical way, knowing little and caring less about the business in which they are engaged, so long as the work con- tinues with sufficient remuneration to keep soul and body together from one year to the next. This apathy and carelessness only serves to widen the breach between employers and their operatives, until to- day there is an open antagonism between capital and labor, where there should be the most perfect harmony and community of interests. Neither can hope to succoed without the other, and the labor leader or employing capitalist who would encourage discord between them is anything but a friend to the class he is suppcsed to repre- sent. But what can be done to establish more cordial relations between the masses whose only capital is the labor of their hands and that other element in the community known as capitalists, but more properly termed the employers of labor? For the last twenty-five years the most progressive of the many labor organizations in the United States, the Knights of Labor, has published as its platform on this subject the following declaration: “We will endeavor to associate our own labors to establish co-operative institu- tions, such as will tend to supersede the wage system, by the introduction of a co- operative industrial system.” Co-Operation the Solution, This declaration has brought to that order many thoughtful men and women who honestly believe that in co-operation ig to be found the solution of the vexa- tious labor problum. That co-operation is no new thing is conceded at the outset. That there are instances of remarkable achievements by co-operative effort is well known to every oue who has read anything of the industrial history of the world. In our own land, and in recent years, the most striking illustration of what can be done by unselfish, united effort, is found in the career of the Mormons. Their his- tory as a people, stripped of Its objec- tonable polygamous features, shows some- thing of the possibilities of co-operative effort. Starting with nothing but their fanaticism, driven from one stopping place to ancther because of thelr cbjectionable social and religious customs, they at last brought up in the fustnesses of the Kocky mountains, in @ land pronounced unin- habitable and sterile by competent United States engineers, where, in the lifetime of one man, by a singloness of purpose and united effort, they established a city second to none of its size in the world in value, reclaimed and fertilized a million acres of land, causing it to become a veritable Garden of Eden, and built hundreds of miles of railroads and telegraphs, without the necessity for either poor house or prison until others came to share their prosperity with them in after years. it was simply the result of each striving for the common good, and ail sharing in the general prosperity. The Economiies of Harmony, Va., in the lifetime of two gen- erations, by co-operative effort, amassed a fortune so great that their holdings are today eftimatea to be worth three hun- dred millions of dollars. The Oneida com- munity, in New York state, from small beginnings has in fifty years accumulated a property said to be worth equally as large a sum of money. All of these, how- ever, have been held together by some sort of religious belief, and therefore have been looked upon as sects rather than as co-operative societies. But there have been other experiments purely of a co- operative nature, to some of which atten- tion is invited. ‘This article is called forth by the pub- lication in the various trade and other papers of notices of the establishment of several co-operative manufacturing con- cerns in different sections of the country. Every great industrial depression, with its accompaniment of reductions in wages and strikes, brings to the front this ques- tion of co-operation as the logical solution of the difficulty. The operatives who work hard for little pay see their employers ap- parently enjoying the fat of the land, and it is easy to make them believe that if they would only become their own em- ployers they, too, might enjoy more of the good things of life. The dollars of the many, when gathered together, make as formidable an array of capital as the thousands of the few; and why should not a co-operative enterprise, where the workers employed themselves with their own capital, become @ success? It certainly ought not to fail. And yet 99 per cent of all such efforts do fail Why? Let us see: The Rochdale Society. Aside from the Rochdale Co-operative Society of England, the most formidable strictly co-operative association ever or- ganized was that of the Sovereigns of In- dustry, which had a precarious existence in the United States during the years im- mediately following the civil war. It was originally started by the Grangers, and afterward extended to the cities and towns. Their object seemed to be the abolition of the middleman from trade, both in buying and selling, securing to their members that margin of profit in selling or of expense in buy!ng. Stores were established every- where, and while they seemed to flourish for a time, they eventually all went to the wall. ‘Their weakness was in their discord. ‘They had too many directors, each one of whom believed himself to be the one gifted with powers to direct. Then, too, they only aimed to control the distribution of products. ‘They paid no attention to the matter of production. ‘This essential ele- ment in co-operation was overlooked or ignored. ‘They antagonized every one en- gaged in trade, and were bound to fall irom the very beginning. They employed their own members as managers of their various enterprises. In most instances these managers were novices at the busi- ness, but they were shareholders, and were thus preferred in employment. They did not pursue business lines tn either buying or selling. How could they be expected to succeed? The Rochdalers have been more success- ful than the Sovereigns. They do not an- tagonize their competitors in trade by sell- ing to their members at reduced prices, but maintain the market rates for goods, and give a rebate to their shareholders at the end of the season. They are also con- spicuous for a display of good judgment in the employment of managers for their en- terprises, and most of their business Is done on business principles, and where this is done success is sure to follow. But how have the Knights of Labor suc- ceeded in their efforts during the last twenty-five years? That order has main- tained what is known as a general co- operative board, which has been charged with the duty of encouraging co-operative enterprises. Reports to that board show that more than one thousand enterprises of this character have been started, and that less than i per cent have proven suc- cessful. The reasons assigned for failure are the same as those méntioned in con- nection with the Sovereigns of Industry. Let me give a few instances which will serve as general samples of all the rest: Some Instances of Failure. During the great labor upheavals of 1885 there was a strike in the carriage industry at Cortland, N. Y. The workers decided to Start a factory of their own. Ground was donated, funds raised, buildings erected, machinery put in, and a market readily found for the entire output of their fac- tory. The directors were all practical carriage makers, and they selected as man- ager one of their own number. For a time all went well. Then came a demand that, as their order was an advocate of short hours, no man in this factory should work more than eight hours per day. This, not- withstanding their competitors were work- ing ten, In other factories work was done by the piece; in this one the men were paid by the day. After the first six months of opera- tion one could always be sure to find most of the employes devoting a large part of their time to a discussion of the questions of the day, while their work was suffering from delay. When the manager attempted to correct the evil he was dismissed, as the directors who employed him were the very men who caused the breach of discipline. And so what should have been a successful enterprise, with a handsome lance on the right side of the ledger every month, became a total failure in less than two years, both investors and workers losing both time and money. The factory is now operated by a stock company, and Is one of the most successful enterprises of its kind in the country. The experience of the carriage workers at Cortland was repeated by the shoe workers at Detroit, Mich., with precisely like results. Bad management and direc- tors who did not know how to direct wrecked what might have been, under other circumstances, one of the finest man- ufacturing plants in the city of the straits. Sentiment and Business. But all this is no argument against co- operative effort. Distributive co-operation is more uniformly successful than pro- ductive, for the reason that the share- holders are themselves the consumers. But even in this di.ection want of capital and bad management must certainly prove disastrous. The best and cheapest man in the end may command the highest salary. A man in need of employment may be worthy and willing to serve as manager of an enterprise at $12 per week, yet it would probably be far greater economy to em- ploy an experienced and successful man at several times the figures named. Senti- ment is one thing, business is another. What is needed for the success of co-op- eration, boih productive and distributive, is more business and less sentiment. It is not to any man’s discredit that he has not had the training necessary to fit him for a special line of duty. And when a co-operative shoe company finds that the good-natured, smooth-tongued dry goods salesman, who had taken so much interest in the meetings of shareholders as to be unanimously elected to the position of bus- iness manager, comes out at the end of the year with e large balance on the wrong side of the ledger, no complaint should be made. The dry goods man could tell all about dress goods, but he could not make and sell shoes. The practical sailor, how- ever enthusiastic he might be, would make a bad fist of ruaning a co-operative print- ing office, while the disciple of Faust would probably make equally as poor a showing’ in handling a ship in a storm. A notable success in distributive co-opera- tion has been achieved by the potters at Trenton, N. J., who in 1887 started a small grocery and provision store. They em- ployed a successful grocery dealer to man- age their enterprise, with the result that they now have the largest and most im- portant establishment of its kind in the state of New Jersey. Their manager is said to command a salary of $6,000 a year, and he is worth twice that to his employ- ers. But there is another feature of co-opera- tion which has attracted much attention of late from those who have a deep-rooted conviction that something must be done to bring the employers and their operatives into closer relations to each other for the common good. It is called profit-sharing. This species of co-operation certainly has its advantages. The workers have the benefit of an extended experience of those already skilled in the management of bus- iness affairs, while the company or indi- viual adopting the system reaps the har- vest which comes from a close attention to business and a greater personal inter- est on the part of every one employed. We have yet to learn cf the first strike in an industry conducted upon the profit-sharing basis. ‘An employer who is generous enough to share his profits with those who make his profits possible will usually be found fair enough to submit all differences to arbi- tration, if neeessary, to prevent even a tem*orary suspension ana consequent loss to all parties interested. Notable instances of the success of this plan may be found in this country, A. M. DEWEY. 00 Lashes and Eyebrows. From the Post-Dispateb. Never cut or trim the eyebrows. Their beauty includes delicacy—delicacy in curve, width and texture. Trimming them de- stroys this by causing them to grow coarse, stiff and “wild.” To get the well- defined, narrow arch, many beauties pinch the eyebrows, after anointing them with oil to make tho hair glossy. A stray wiry or gray hair may be removed with a pair of tweezers, but should never be cut. On the other hand, eyelashes are cultivated by clipping them once a year. Hairdress- ers call it “topping” them and the term is pertinent. Only the irregular tip ends should be cut, and this can only be done by another. Cutting the lashes weakens the eyes, remember that. see Betrayed. From the Indianapolis Journal. In 1915—“You needn't tell me that Mary Parsay is not more than twenty-three years old. She is nearer forty-three and I can prove it.” “But how.” ‘Just you watch her when she goes to cross a muddy street. Just notice how she grabs at her trousers to hold them out of the mud—the way women did twenty years ago, when they wore skirts." Thanksgiving Observances, From Life. LIKE A MIRACLE. ‘An Amherst Lady Relates Her Ex- perience to a Reporter. Salt Rheum, Impure Blood and a Racking Cough That Baftied Phys siclans, Finally Cured. Springfield (Mass.) Republican, In the town of Ainherst, Mass., Mr. Geo. B. Pierce and bis mother are widely known as the proprietors of the Auberst Creamery Assovintion, Mrs. I ¢ haus been a sufferer for a jong time With salt rheum and a distressing cough tut fore boded consumption, but they bave given way to health and vigor. Hearing of this a reporter culled ou Mrs, Pierce, and the following experience Was related: a long time I was a sufferer from salt ut about two rears rheum, go 1's Aid’ Mrs. Pierce, ned aud hurt my kuee. ‘Chis seemed fe my salt rheuin worse. 1 vant begin to tell the agouy 1 was in, my linhs became a imase Faw Uesh covercd with Tunning sores. My’ fri so auother spring and T tought es, UNG ring, thought so, too. Wel 1 beard of De, David Kounady's Favoute ‘Rem and Dr, David Keuuedy'y Salt’ Kheum Cream; vent for them and commenced using them, aid in Chree weeks I could walk out of doors. Why, last night I walked a mile, and 1 am sixty-three years of age. It shows tliat Dr. Kennedy's Favorite Remedy and salt Roeum Cream can do wore thas the plysictans, for they made me Well after doctorg told me I was incurable. I rust also you of another preparation Dr. Kennedy ad ine to use, which did as much ‘for me. It 1s Dr. David Kernedy's Cherry. Balsam. I have had © wretched cough for the past fifteen years, the best doctors in this part of the state united in saying that it was incurable, and that it was only. & mutter of time before ‘my lungs would give out my sleep was restless, I would le awake for hours. | f well recollect’ the frst time 1 used Dr. Kennedy's Cherry Bulsam. It relieved iny throat at once, and I slept ail through that night, which Was the first full night's rest L hud in several years. It seemed like a miracle, I took but two tiles of Chery Bulsaw, when I was cutirely “Sie. PA 18. erce’s neighbors confim her statement and it was fouad that Dr. Keunedy’s Darorits Remedy, Ch y Balsam and Salt Kheum Cream bad made othe:s in Aub them of some diseese. Favorite Hemedy ranks with the medical pro- fession aa the most perfect of all blood and nerve medicines. It restores the liver to a healthy con- dition, and cures constipation. It is a certain diseases and weaknesses peculiar to females, and affords protection from attacks that originate in change of life. It cures serofula, salt rheum, ulcers, tumors, rheumatism, dyspepsia, all DladJer and urinary diseases, gravel, ‘dia betes and Bright's disease. In this last disease it has made many cures where all else failed, rst as happy by curing Dr. David Kennedy's Cherry Balsam will cure the ‘worst coses of asthma, bronchitis, coughs, colds, Incipient cousurapticn, whooping ‘cough of croup. Take in counection with Favorite Remedy, it bas never been known to fail. Price, 250 . and 31.00 a bottle. Dr. David Kennedy's Salt Rheum Cream is for external application and is sold at S0c. a package. Dr. David Kennedy's Favorite Remedy costs $1.00 a bottle, or six bot- tes for $5.00. Full directions accompany each bottle, so that any one can readily uncerstand ju: how to tuky them for the November Clearance List 1894. Second-Hand and Shope worn Wheels. PNEUMATICS, : PRICES, NET CASH, 1 No. 4 Diamond Rambler, No. 7346.........$75.00 2 No, 8 Diamond Ramblers, Nos. 4227 and 135, each. In good ccndition. entirely sew. 1 “Irwell,” No. 2637, G. & J. "94 pneu. tires 50.00 Bravd new, simply shop-worn; 30-In. wheels. 1 Ladies’ “Lovell” Safoty, G. & J. tires, en- tirely new, but shop-worn; price reduced from $110 to.. ee 1 Prince, 26-1. pneumatic tires; second hand; 2 Combination Ramblers, wheels 26x30 in.j wsed some, but tn good riding condition; 75.00 0.00 80.00 2 Century Columbias, "93 pattern; ‘04 G. & J. tires; Nos, 9989 and 15068; newly refin- 1 Dart, G. & J. pneumatic tires, "94 pattern, 30-in, wheels. veeeees 50.00 1 Columbia, model 34; "94 pattern; Hartford tires ....06 seeeeee 00 50.00 CUSHION TIRES. 1 Rudge, model “D.,"" No. 70810; new, and in fine shape; cut from $140.00 to. ++ 00.00 1 Psycho, very strong and durable wheel; for- merl} $140.00, now cut t0...++....000000++ 40,00 1 Girl's Ideal Rambler; No. 4352; slmost new, cut to... seeeeeeee 25.00 SOLID TIRES. 2 Junos, ladies’ wheels; cut from $05.00 to (each) aes 35.00 Drop frame; ball bearing, and in good condition, Gormully & Jeffery Mfg. Co., 1325 14th St. N.W. Washington, D. Cn A SNAP SE BOUGHT "EM AT SIGHT. Men’s Fancy Cheviot Suits. ———Three bundred and twenty of 'em.—— All wool, fast color, stylish in cut, of excellent make and perfect fitters. Even as prices range now they would be cheap at TEN DOLLARS @ sult. Inasmuch as it has always been our custom to give THE PEOPLE the benefit of every GOOD THING which came into our possession, we pro pose to sell these suits at Beginning today. The sale to con- 55-75 tf tinue from day to day until each and every one of them is disposed of. Men’s Overcoats. ‘The ever-popular and justly fa- $6. mous Gray Homespun, suitable for 75 all ordinary occasions, affording ample protection against cold and iovlement weather. Men’s Overcoats. $7-50 pha tneviot, Gray "Tweed, i glish Serges, &c. Men’s Suits. Black Cheviot, Single and Double- breasted Sack Coats and Regeat Frock Coats, Silk Mixtures, Blarney ‘Tweed and Fancy Cheviots. Men’s Overcoats. Campbell's Kerseys, Blue, Biack, $10.00 Brown, Mouse and Drab, Men’s Suits. Of these there is such a for midable array that we have neither time por space to go into detail. The styles, patterns and designs are so numerous. Suffice it to say that they are BARGAINS rich and rare. $7.50 $10.00 BOYS’ LONG PANTS SUITS—$3.50 upward. BOYS’ TWO-PIECE SUITS—$1.50 upward. MEN'S PANTALOONS, THOUSANDS OF THEM, $2 upward. VICTOR E. ADLER’S 10 PER CENT CLOTHING HOUSB, 927 ard 929 Tth st. n.w., corner Massachusetts avenue. STRICTLY ONB PRICB Open Fvenings until 7 Saturday until 11 p.m 119-1008 UPI R oo Fee tee iT 3 reltet and com! We have the stock of Trusses and ie Hoslery —_—, Pataicien cy re. Lady rv — Berlin Truss Co., 1116 F st. Over Loose, the florist. Take elevator. 021-174