Evening Star Newspaper, October 27, 1894, Page 17

. 5 FATHER OF WATERS The Source of the Mississippi Set- tled Beyond Dispute. ELLIOT? COUES’ RECENT EXPLORATION A Place Where One Can Step Across This Stream. ITASCAN Se ae Mee Wa Ce THE BASIN Written for The Evening Star. HE ORIGIN OF THE Father of Waters is determined at last, after centuries of dis- pute. Dr, Elliott Coues has just re- turned to Washing- ton from Lake Itasca and the sources of the Mississippi. He made no discovery, such not being the purpose of his trip, but his investigations have definitely estab- Mshea tne accuracy of the observations re- torded by Nicollet and Brower. The recent tontention of Capt. Glazier Is set at nauglit, and a much-vexed geographical question may aow be considered as finally settled. “I have stepped acress the Mississippi river,” said Dr. Coves yerterday. “It was jasy, for the stream was only about eight Jnches wile and two inches deep. I have seen the Father of Waters where he rises literally out of the ground and starts as an Infant rivulet, destined to cut the United States in twain with the mighty volume of his adult flood. To reach the sources fs a long and difficult journey. From Duluth I went to the terminus of the Duluth and Winnipeg railway, at the little village of Deer Lake, Itasca couaty, Minn. There I hired a birch-bark cavoe and a man to paddle, and proceeded up the river to Lake Itasca. “I reacnea me laxe after ten days’ pad- dling through a pathless wilderness. Hard- ly any inhabitants were to be found in the region, save a few Chippeway indians in occasional villages, chiefly in the neighbor- hood of Cass Lake and Lake Winntbigosh- ish. Making my camp on Schoolcraft Is- land in Lake Itasca, 1 made a thorough ex- ploration of that body of water and the surrounding country. My visit was inspir- ed chiefly by the circumstance that I was about to publish a new edition of Pike's ‘Travels, with critical notes, and I found it desirable to examine the sources of the Mississippi for myself, particularly in view of the recent dispute on the subject. The Lake Itasca. “The whole of the Itasean basin, zompris- ing thirty-five square miles,nas been set apart by the legislature of Minnesota as a state park, in order that the natural beauty of the region of the sources of the Missis- sippi may be preserved. Timber and game within the limits of the patk are protected by law from depredations. Lake Itasca is a lovely Sheet of water embosomed in the primeval forest, 1,470 feet above the sea. It used. to be called Blk Lake by the In- dians, because It has a three-pronged shape, like the head of an elk with antlers out- spread. Comparatively narrow throughout, It ts about three miles in extreme length. Almost in the center is a wooded island, named after the explorer and historian, Schooleraft. On the north arm of the lake are a few white settlers. Lake Itasca is by far the biggest of several hundred lakes and pools in the Itascan basin. “Lake Itasca is a mere expansion or the infant Mississippi. Into it flows a small stream which is the veritable Father of Waters—the cradled Achilles, as Nicollet called it. It rises from springs at a dis- tance of only half a dozen miles from the lake. The beauties of the region are likely to attract tourists before long. Few per- sons would care to make the canoe journey which I undertook for 200 miles ‘up the river, but Lake Itasca can be reached in one day by wagon from Park Rapids, which ig the terminus of @ branch of the Great Northern railway. From Lake Itasca the voyage down the Mississippi is comparative- ly easy. The Early Explorations. “The story of the search for the source of the Mississippi reads like a romance. After the discovery of the upper river in 1673 by Joliet and Marquette, and the discovery of the falls of St. Anthony in 1680 by Henne- pin, little more was known of the father of waters for nearly a century. In 1766 Capt. Jonathan Carver ascended the stream as far as the mouth of Rum river. In 1708 the famous English astronomer and surveyor, David Thompson, in the service of the Northwest Company, reached Turtle Lake. This lake, which sends a tributary to the Mississippi, was for some time supposed to be the true source. “The first white man known to have visit- ed the neighborhood of the actual source of the Mississipp! was William Morrison, a fur trader, who was certainly at Lake Itasca in 1803 or 1804. He never published anything on the subject, and it is only very ecently that his priority of discovery has m Known. The next explorer of the urces of the river was Lieut. Zebulon jontgomery Pike. He was the first Amerl- can citizen to carry the flag of the United States into northern Minnesota. He was sent by the government to treat with the Indians, and stop the sale of liquor in that region. Incidentally, he purchase for $250 and some whisky a tract of land nine miles square, which included the present site of the city of Minneapolis. Congress subse- quently voted an additional payment to the Indians for this tract of $2,000. “Lieut. Pike proceeded by boat to the vicinity of the present Little Falis, in Mor- rison county, Minn. He could get no fur- ther with boats, and so built a stockade on vhe west bank of the Mississippi at the mouth of Swan river. ‘There he left half of his men and continued his journey through the winter of 1805-6 on snowshoes and with sledges northward. He finally reached Leech Lake, which he mistook for the source of the Mississippi, and his report on this subject was held ‘to be correct for some years afterward. He did, however, get on the true Mississippi higher up, at Cass Lake. His map shows no trace of anything beyond. Sehoolcraft’s Method of Naming. “In 1820 the Hon. Lewis Cass, accom- panied by Henry R. Schoolcraft, the his- torian, went on an exploring expedition up the Mississipp! as far as Cass Lake, so named at the time by Schoolcraft. In 1823 an Italian traveler, J. C. Beltrami, went over David ‘Thompson's route to Turtl> Lake, and reported that lake to be the true source. Evidently, however, he heard from the In- dians about Lake Itasea, for he mapped it with approximate accuracy, though he was never there, and did not imagine that the Father of Waters sprang theuce. “Lake Itasca was rediscovered in 1832, when Schoolcraft, accompanied by Lieut. Allen, U.S. A., the Key. Mr. Boutwell and others, was guided to the lake by a Chip- peway Indian named Oza Windib, othei wise known as Yellow Head. On this oc- casion Lake Itasca received its . present name, which was made up of parts of the words ‘Veritas Caput'—signifying the ‘true hed’ of the river. The Latin was bad, for it ought to have been ‘Verum Caput.’ ‘The 1 had previously been known by the french name of Lac a la Biche, meaning Elk Lake. ‘This was merely a translation of tl Chippeway ‘Omoshkos Sogiagon.’ I have already spoken of the shape of the lake as resembling an elk’s antlers. “Schoolcraft was very fond of such verbal glery as he used in forming the name of Lake Itasca. An island in Cass Lake he called Colaspi Island, the designation bein made up of fragments of the names School- craft sand Pike. The name he gave to Lake "a Was Composed of the initials of Bchoolcratt, Houghton, Johnston, Bout- well and Allen. ‘the J of Johnston was made to serve as an I. Modern Expeditions. “Schoolcraft’s party made a hurried ex- wmination of Lake Itasca, and, being sat- isfled that they had found the true source pf the Mississippi, left in a few hours. Not Qgain until 1836 did gny scientific man visit the spot. This was a Frenchman, J. N. Nicotiet, who tried to ascertain the source of the feeders of Lake Itasea. Ex- ploring southward, he reached the springs from whieh the infant river takes its rise. It should be understood that the Missis- sipp! runs from its source directly north- ward for a distance of fifty miles before turning about in a sort of fish-hook and starting southward. To the baby stream, before it enters Lake Itasca, Nicol- let gave the poetic name of “Cradled Achilles.” He established its course in connection with three small lakes since named the Upper, Middle and Lower Nicol- let lakes—that is to say, he found that the little river ran through two of these small lakes and connected with the third. This explorer mapped the whole of the Itasean basin, and determined the latitude, longi- tude and altitude with such accuracy that subsequent surveys have only confirmed and amplified his observations. “Of late years several examinations have been made of the sources of the Missis- sippi. By far the most complete and ac- curate survey was accomplished by the Hen. J. V. Brower, under the auspices of the Minnesota State Historical Society. Through the efforts of the society and of Mr. Brower, the thirty-five square miles of which I have already spoken were re- served by the state for a park. No Cause for Dixpute. “The whole subject of which I have been speaking was befogged and thrown into dispute recently by a certain Capt. Gla- zier, who, apparently for no other pur- pose than to advertise himself, published his alleged discovery of a new and true source of the Mississippi. By reducing the size of Lake Itasca, igncring Nicollet’s Cradled Achilles, magnifying a small side lake, which he called Lake Glazier, and by Stretching out one of the feeders of the latter, he produced a distorted map which actually imposed cn the Royal Geographical Soctety of Great Britain. Many of the er- rors thus originated have crept into the standard maps of the United States. “My recent investigations have verified in the minutest particulars the observations of Nicollet and Brower. It may fairly be said there is nothing further to be learned about the true source of the Father of Wa- ters. I speak in accordance with accepted geographical distinctions. As a matter of essential fact, the true upper Mississippi is the river called the Missouri. The stream that flows from Lake Itasea is merely a tributary, I ought not to forget to mention that I walked along the bed of the strewm termed by Capt. Glazier the infant Missis- sippi for a considerable distance dryshod. ‘The little brook was dried up. Late meas- urements have reduced the length of the Mississippi from 3,184 miles to 2,555 miles.” RENE BACHE. ee The Stery of the Fuchsia. From the Lincoln Herald. Mr. Shepherd, the respectable and well- informed conservator of the Botanical Gar- Gens at Liverpool, gave the following cu- rious account of the introduction of that elegant little flowering shrub, the fuschia, into our English green houses and parlor windows: “Old Mr. Lee, a nurseryman and gardener near London, well known fifty or sixty years ago, was one day showing his variegated ireasures to a friend, who sud- denly turned to him and declared: ‘Well, you have not in your collection a prettier flower than I saw this morning at Wap- ping.’ ‘No! and, pray, what was this phoe- nix like?” ‘Why, the plant was elegant, and the flowers hung in rows like tassels from the pendent branches, their color the richest crimson; in the center a fad of deep purple,’ and so forth. Particular directions being demanded and given, Mr. Lee posted off to the place, where he saw, and at once per- ceived that the plant was new in this part of the world. He saw and admired. Enter- ing the house, ‘My g woman, this is a nice plant; I should like to buy it.” “ ‘Ah, sir, I covid not sell it for no money, for it was brought me from the West Indies by my husbana who has now left again, and I must keep it for his sake.’ “But I must have it." “No, sir!’ ‘Here (emptying his pockets), here is gold, silver and cop- per’—his stock was something more. than 8 guineas. ‘Well-a-day, but this is a power of money, sure and sure.’ ‘’Tis yours, and the plant is mine; and, my good dame, you shall have one of the first young ones I rear to k for your husband's sake.’ ‘Alack, alac ‘You shal, I say.’ “A coach was called, in which was safely deposited our florist and his seemingly dear purchase. His first work was to pull off and utterly destroy every vestige of blos- som and blossom bud; it was divided into cuttings, which were forced into bark beds and hot beds, were redivided- and subdi- vided. Every effort was used to multiply the plant. By the beginning of the next flowering season Mr. Lee was the delighted possessor of 300 fuchsia plants, all giving promise of blossom. The ‘wo which opened first were removed into his show house. A lady came. ‘Why, Mr. Lee, my dear Mr. Lee, where did you get this charming flower? ‘Hem! ‘Tis a new thing, my lady— pretty! ‘tis lovely!’ ‘Its price?” ‘A guittea; thank your ladyship,’ and one of the two plants stood proudly in her ladyship’s bou- doir. ‘My dear Charlotte, where did you get it?’ &c. ‘Oh, ‘tis a new thing; I saw it at old Mr. Lee’s. Pretty, is it not? ‘Pretty! ‘Tis beautiful! Its price” ‘ guinea; there was another left.’ The itor’s horses smoked off to the suburb; a third flowering plant stood on the spot whenee the first had been taken. The sec- ond guinea was paid, and the second chosen fuchsia adorned the drawing room of her second ladyship. The scene was repeated, as newcomers saw and were attracted by the beauty of the plant. New chariots flew to the gates of old Lee’s nursery grounds. Two fuchsias, young, graceful and bursting into healthy flower, were constantly seen on the same spot in his repository. He ne- glected not to gladden the faithful sailor’s wife by the promised gift; but ere the flower searon closed 300 golden guineas clinked in his purse, the produce of the single shrub of the widow in Wapping, the reward of the taste, decision, skill and per- severance of old Mr. Lee.” ——_+e-+ ___. Injurious Effects of Harry. From the New York Ledger. In prescribing for a patient the other day @ physician, who is a specialist in nervous difficulties, declared that a young woman under his charge was literally killing her- self by too rapid movements. “She is not satisfied,” he said, “with going about and doing things in a quiet, ordinary way, but actually rushes through with her work and continually overtaxes herself. She cannot be convinced that a little more deliberation might accomplish just as much and save her strength. So firmly is this habit of haste fixed upon her that she will run up and down stairs when there is no need for hurry, and, indeed, when there is no possible pretext for doing it.” The doctor's prescription was: A good deal more deliberation, a large amount of rest and pleasant occupation. This world is full of people who are rushing themselves to ruin of health as fast as they can go. They not only rush, but worry, and, between these two, subject their nervous system to more wear and tear than anything short of wrought steel would endure. a An Irish Sunset. From Youth's Companion. Bridget Hoolohan came over from Ireland and the day after her arrival in this eoun- try “took servige” with a resident of Gov- ernor’s Island. “Sure, ma'am, an’ phwat’s that n’ise?"’ demanded Bridget of her mistress, as the sunset gun boomed on the evening of her arrival. arnt? Ob, it's the sunset,” replied the y. “Js it, indade, ma’am!” ejaculated Bridg- et, with her hands raised in astonishment. “Why, after hearm’ that n’ise all yure loife, Oi suppose yes'll hardly belave me, but in Ireland the sun goes down jist as aisy as alsy can be, ma’am, wid niver a bit av a sound!’ ——__-+-e-+—__ A Sure Remedy. From Texas Siftings. Adams—“So you have sworn off from using tobacco?” Brown—“Yes; I suffered a good deal dur- ae ee first week, but after that I felt all right.”” “What did you take to allay the craving for tobacco?” “I took to smoking again. That allayed the craving right off. A Broken Agreement, From Truth. Theatrical Manager— pay you for my theater. Contractor—“"Why not?” Theatrical Mani “Because you con- tracted to build a theater to hold 2,500 peo- ple, and there haven't been 500 people in the place any night since it opened. m not going to vis- | THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, OOTOBER 27, 1894-TWENTY PAGES. HALLOWE'EN RITES Of Great Assistance in Forecasting Matrimonial Prospects. SOME OF THE QUAINT OLD CUSTOMS The Social Gatherings Are Scenes of Great Fun and Jollity. PLEASANT SUPERSTITIONS BOUT THE ONLY use an American has for a superstition is to turn it into fun or ridicule, and Hallow- een is one of the su- perstitions that comes in for a full share of attention from prank-playing American youths. ‘They could no more tell why on the even- ing of the 31st day of October they are pos- sessed with a desire to divorce gates and their hinges, become cabbage dentists, frighten the senses out of the timid by ringing door belis in ghostly fashion, change signs and bombard windows with corn and beans, than they vould explain the nebular hypothesis. They will tell you that ‘father” used to do the same thing, and he will tell you that his father practiced the same tricks, and if there is a great grand- father in the land of the living he will own up that he, too, once played Hallowe'en pranks. And so on, you may go back to the dawn of the fourth century, when Druid priests practiced as sacred rites many of the diabolical performances that an up-to- date youth today perpetuates, The pagan observance of the day has no connection with the present church observ- ance of it, though a great many people seem to have that idea. The ancients firmly believed that on the night of the 81st of Oc- tober devils and witches walked abroad, and brewed hell broths with. awful incanta- tions, and all for the confusion of the good. That fairies, otherwise very nice little peo- ple, on that night took liberties with poor, benighted mortals who chanced to cross their path, and held high carnival ull day- light sent them back to their haunts. This is what history has to of the Christian observance of the da; i Saints’ day is in old English, All Hallows, All Hallow- mas, or simply Hallowmas, a festival of the Roman Catholic Church, introduced because of the impossibility of keeping a separate day for every saint. As early as the fourth century, on the cessation of the persecution of the Christians, the Sunday after /Raster was-appointed by the Greek Church for commemorating the* martys generally; and in the Church of Rome a similar festival was introduced about 610 A. D., when the old heathen Pantheon was consecrated on the 13th of March to Mary and all the mar- tyrs. But the real festival of All Saints was first regularly instituted by Gregory IV, in S35, and appointed to be observed on the Ist of November. It was admitted into England about 870. The choice of the day was doubtless determined by the fact that November 1, or, rather, the eve of the night preceding it, was one of the four great fes- tivals of the heathen nations of the north; for it was the policy of the church to sup- plant heathen by Christian observances,” And that is how the heathen observances | of the pagans have got mixed up with the Christian name of the night. Lighting the Baal Fires. Scotland has to mother most of the super- stitions that amuse us today, and chief among them is the observance of Hal- lowe’en. Her favorite son, “Bobbie Burns,” has left in verse a famous exposition of Scottish Hallowe'en rites, but the effort to put it in intelligible “United States” ts rather more than the average intellect cares to attempt. The Scotch observed the night as a thanksgiving for the safe in- gathering of the produce of the fields, and as the end of the summer. They made great fires, called “need fires’’—a relic of the pagan Baul fires, lighted on the four nights that marked the turning point of each of the four seasons—built high on heaps of stones, called “carns.’’ The Druid priests who originally oficiated at the “need fire” lighting were called “carneach.” All the home fires in the country were put out, and, until midnight, only those on the “carns” were permitted to burn. Then each devotee took a bit of the “need fire” to his home, and the hearthstone fire was lighted again. There were terrible punishments meted | out to those who did not fetlow after this custom, and if the priests failed to find it out, the superstitious ones firmly believed that the evil spirits would watch over the stumbling steps of the recreant one, and make him repent in bitter anguish his heresy. It ts said that while all but the prankish observance of the day has van- ished, there 1s one portion of Scotland that still sticks to the ancient customs, and in Buchan county the Baal fires are still lighted and the old Incantations practiced. In early days in papal countries the bells were rung all night long for all Christian souls, and prayerful vigils were held tll | sunrise broke the spell. Henry VII abgl- ished all that. Fun at Parties. Society has of recent years made quite a fad of Hallowe'en observances, and Scot- tish superstitions modernized make quite pretty evening amusements. From time's beginning, when ft was proclaimed that it was not good for man to live alone, the un- mated have longed to ascertain in advance of the event with whom meant to link them, or if the gods had destined them to walk a solitary road through life's maze, and it is around this desire that Hallowe'en has woven superstitions so thick that it would take a week to try them all, for the spell is broken after the horologue beats 1 of the morning. Invitations to Hallowe'en parties are usual- ly of an informal character, and they should always be so, if fun is the object, because most of the Hallowe'en practices are of rather a boisterous nature, and calculated to disarrange an elegant toilet. The prep- arations for eutertainment are not elabor- ate, and if you happen to belong to an ancient family, and can produce the old pewter plates, wooden bread bowls, pewter mugs for mulled cider, and the old pewter tankards for Scoich ale, you will find your- self quite favored indeed, for these, in’real- ity or in imifation, are necessary to com- plete enjoyment of a Hallowe'en party. The party should be a small one, evenly made up of choice spirits. The refresh- ments should consist of doughnuts—not the leather ones of commerce; cider that is just hard enough to snap a little; apples as big and as rosy-cheeked as the prettiest girl who will be there to try her fate with their peelings; chestnuts by the bushel, and hazel nuts (if you have gathered them your- self it will add to the pleasure of the party to tell your nutting experience); molasses cake, and marshmallows to toast before the open fire, which, by the way, is abso- lutely essential. Greet the guests with a bonfire in front of the house. Hallowe'en decorations may be made quite effective with small expense, Green paper made up to represent the different varieties of kale should be conspicuous everywhere. | Festoons of apples and nuts, intermingled, may be strung from the chandelier to the corners of the table, which should be of common deal, uncovered, and set with all the old-fashioned plates and platters, drink- ing vessels and tankards the house is pos- sessed of. Up on the cabinet, on the cor- ners of the mantel, perched above the doors and peering out from dark corners, have big yellow pumpkins, that have been hol- lowed out and cut with grotesque faces, like a grinning Mephistopheles, or a jolly Dutchman, and inside set wax candles. Hunt up all the old-fashioned brass and tin candlesticks you can find, and have old “mammy” make you some ‘real “tallow” candles. ° The Nut Charm. Do not desecrate the season and its old time superstitions by introducing any than the “light of other days.” Be sure to have the grate taken out, and build a rousing fire on the hearth. This will be absolutely necessary, if you try the “nut charm,” one [of the prettiest of the old Scotch ways of finding out if marriage impended, and the nature of the sweetheart. The charm is invoked by taking three nuts, one of which you name for yourself, and the other two are named for your first and second best loves. Place them on the hearth close to the blaze, while you all sit around on the rugs watching them. The working of the charm isgndicated in the following lines which were found in a century old book: “These glowing nuts are emblems true, Of what in huinan life we view; The ill-matched couple fret an fume, And thus in strife, themselves consume} Or from each other wildly start, And with a noise forever part. But see the happy, happy pair Of genuine love and truth sinceré; With mutual fondness while they burn, Still to each other kindly turn; And as the vital sparks decay, Together gently sink away; Till life's flerce ordeal being ‘past, Their mingled ashes rest at last.” It seems so strange to think that any one would really believe In a charm of that char- acter, yet the superstition onee had a strong hold on the Scotch and English, and happy, indeed, were the loving ones who, watching their nuts as they shriveled and shrank in the glowing heat on the hearth, saw that down to the very end the nuts lay side by side with no disposition to stray, one from the other. Gay says: “Two hazel nuts I threw into the flame, And to each nut I gave a sweetheart's name. This with the loudest bounce, me sore amazed, That in a name of brightest color blazed. As blazed the nut, so may thy passion thy nut. that “did so brightly Then there are the apple charms to try after you have got tired of roasting nuts that simply will not le still, but go popping about in a most exasperating fashion, as much as to say that you never will marry. Bobbing for apples is not an aristocratic game, but you can have a jolly lot of fun at it if you don’t care for looks or clothes. Put a dish pan—one of the great big ones—in the center of the table, fill it with water till it 4s brim full, then put in it two apples, with the Initials of your two sweethearts on them, and fish for them with your teeth. ir they both elude you, you might as well buy your cat and parrot at once, for you are doomed. You must not spill a drop of water in the diving for the apples, either, for that would go to show that you will be a wasteful housewife, and frighten your lover away. Finding the Trae Lover. ‘Then take a yard measure and tie at each end a long string, to one of which attach a lighted candle and to the other an apple. Suspend this from the ceiling, or chandelier by a string, and send both candle and apple whirling, after lighting the candle. The ap- ple is named, of course, and you scramble to catch it in your teeth as it comes to you, minding to duck your head before the can- dle slaps you in the face, or sets fire to your bangs. After you have worn yourself out at that, take a sightly looking apple, and sit down snd peel it evenly, thinly aud careful- ly, from the stem to the blossom end. Then take it up in solemn silence and twirl it three times around your head, repeating mentally: “Apple sweet or apple sour, Spell his name upon the floor. If the letters there I see, Then I know a bride I'll be. If you break, my heart wii, too, For Vl know my love's not true.” Ten chances to one the apple peeling will break spang in two about the second swing, and another chance will go gilim- mering, but there ts. still another apple charm. After naming, put a seed of the ame apple on each cheek, pressing it hard, 80 as to make it stick. The one that re- mains the longest is the lover that loves you the best. It is wel] to leave this charm to the last, for if you are a bit bright you can flip the second seed off right quick, and then, of course, you have-it all your own way. If all these fail to please you, take three dishes and place them on the table In a row. Into one put clean water, in the sec- ond foul wter, and in the third nothing. Let some one change the positions of the dishes after blindfojding you, and then lead you to them to dip your finger Into one. If that one ts clear Water, and you are a man, then you will marry a maid; if into the dish of foul water, a widow is your fate, and if into the empty dish, you are indeed unfortunate, for you, will never marry. ‘The same wiil stagd for a woman. Perhaps the raism ¢harm will furnish you At the Midnight Hour. As the hour approaches the, mystic mid- night season, turn all the men out of the room, and set before the lady guests the ingredients for a “dumb-eake,” an egg shell full of salt, an egg shell full of wheat meal, an egg shell full of barley meal, and enough spring water to mix to a soft dough. The charm won't work with hydrant water. Never a word must be spoken as each one in turn rolls the dough up, and then spreads it out on the table. When the last one has rolled the dough out flat, each one in turn scratches around the edge with a brand new pin the initials of the one that she loves best, and the last one to scratch, in solemn silence, lays the cake on the hearth to bake, while the lassles sit in as remote parts of the room as possible. As the clock strikes 12 the lover of the girl to be married first will enter the room and lay his hand upon his initials on the ‘dumb-cake.” Then the girls that are left will instantly proceed to try the tests that have been given them previously. One will take a lighted candle and go alone to a dark room in which there is @ mirror, and comb her hair and eat an apple, saying: “Over my shoulder, true love, appear, And save me from a maiden bier. To your fortunes I will be true, For 1 have waited long for you.” She will have to be exceedingly clever to hold a lighted candle, eat an apple and comb her hair all at the same time, but if she has the cause at heart she will man- age it, and so will her sweetheart, if he is a bit sfart. The next girl will take a skein of blue yarn—it simply must be blue—and go to a kin and throw the skein {nto it, hanging to one end, and as she winds it into a ball it smart. fee me wind our heart so true In this skein of love's own blue. Speak, kind fate! break bars and bands And give the name of him ‘who hands.’ " As she says “who hands,” a voice from the kiln will give the full name of the loved one, and he will proceed to wind the yarn back into the original skein. There may be difficulties in the way of carrying this out, but It ts one of the erthodox old supersti- tions, and a determined lassie can accom- plish wonders. Charms for the Girls, For the next one there are also difficulties. She must go out to a south-running stream, where the three corners of the land of three different people meet—the old Scotch law says “three lairds’ lands,” but this is superstition up to date. Having found this enchanted spot, she must dip her sleeve in the stream, and then speed her home, where she will hang her waist on a chair before the fire and go to bed in sight of all, but not to sleep. Her true love will then come and turn the sleeve so that it will dry properly. For the next one,'a handful of hemp and a lonesome bit of lawn are necessary. She will sow the hemp in three swings of her hand, saying three times: “Hemp seed I sow thee, And him that is my true love, Come after me and pull thee.” Of course, when she looks over her shoul- der, her true love wili be peering in her face, the while he is pulling the hemp. Scotch hemp probably grows rapidly. If there is one who is very timid give her the bug charm. Have handy a lady bug, which the timid one will take in her hand, and standing in the open air will throw up with the incantation: “Lady bug, fly away To my true love's hom Tell him that I, waiting, For the summons, ‘come. And that bug will certainly fly right off in the direction of the lover’s home. If her “true love” happens to be in the crowd, it may occasion embarrassment when the bug sin- gles him out, but that is expected. If there is somebody that you don’t like very well you can impose the “kale” test. Have set out in the back yard a few heads of cabbage. See that they are gnarled and knotty, with twisted roots. ag ag girl you do not like, blindfolded, into yard to pull a head of cabbage. The im- perfect head and stalk mean an unkind husband, and a shiftless one. Your revenge will be ample. That disposes of about eight girls—the men will a kept busy seeing that the charms work out properly—and that is about all you can entertain properly at a real Hallowe'en party. JAPANESE ODDITIES. Freaks From the Land of the Rising Ss at the National Muse Ethnologists are excited over some news from Japan, brought by Mr. Romyn Hitch- cock. He has made the first recorded obser- vations in that country of the practice of @ peculiar art which is likewise known to certain North American Indians, namely, the painting of pictures with sand. The discovery seems to throw some light upon the supposed Asiatic or'gin of the aborigines of this continent. A few years ago Col. James Stevenson re- ported having witnessed a curious cere- mony in a subterranean chamber among the Moquis of New Mexico. It was a re- gious performance, emblems being wrought cn the ground by a priestess in sands of different colors—yellow, green, red, white and black. Among these emblems were the “lightring snakes,” which are four in num- ber, the green and white snakes being female and the yellow and red snakes male. Exact reproductions of two of the sand pictures are now on exhibition at the Na- tional Museum. Around the originals many weird rites were performed, dramatizing the legend of the adventures of the snake hero. The celebration was that of the snake dance. Subsequently the same art was found to exist among the Navahoes and Apaches. But what could be rrore surprising than to discover it in Japan, practiced in exactly the same fashion, though for amusement and not for religious purposes. In that country peripatetic artists make such sand mosaics for the entertainment of the crowd that is sure to gather. The expert carries about with him a box of fine sand of dif- ferent colors. Taking it in his hand, he skillfully allows it to stream through his fingers, making either a single or a double line of one or two cclors at will. The work is dene very rapidly, end the pictures are often exceedingly good. New, how does it happen that the Japa- nese and Moqui Indians have this art in common? Can it be that they are de- scended from the same ancestors? Such a conclusion is not to be jumped at by arty means. The remote progenitors of those Indians may have lived in Japan. Possibly the present Japanese drove them out of the country, but learned from them how to make sand pictures. The tide of human migration swept the descendants of the ex- pelled aborigines of Japan to that part of the world which is ncw called New Mexico, where they have preserved the ancient re- ligious practice to this day, making their mozaies with elaborate ceremonial in cham. bers underground. This theory is suggest- ed by Prof. Otis T. Mason of the Smith- sonian Institution. In Japan. The ancient religious ceremony 1s trans- formed in Japan into an amusement. That is not an uncommon phenomenon—the met- amorphosis of a pious rite into a game or show. The toys of today are the tools of yesterday. The weapons of a short time ago are the playthings of the present. Chil- dren now play with the bow and arrow, which were the means of subsistence and the instruments of war ii ages gone by. Japanese Relles. The Japanese government recently pre- sented to the National Museum a very in- teresting group of life-size figures repre- senting the famous warrior Nobunaga and his generals. The scene depicts a council of war on the field of battle. The costumes and armor are actual relics preserved from the sixteenth century. Nobunaga's helmet is one that was worn by the hero himself. In the lafter part of the sixteenth century he was the greatest man in Japan, gov- erning in the name of the mikado. but his greatest celebrity came from his ef- forts to drive Huddhism out of the coun- try, where it had to a considerabie extent euperseded the native Shinto religion. In Nobunaga's day the Buddhist priests were fairly running Japan. Their religious establishments were great strongholds. The greatest of them inclosed thirteen valleys and over five hundred temples shrines. Here thousands of monks wet congre- gated. They chanted before gorgeous al- tars, reveled in luxury and licentiousness, dallied with concubines, and hatched plots to fan the fiemes of feudal war. They were protected by their sacred character, | as well as by physical force. Nobunaga attacked this stronghold and burned the shrines and temples, killing thousands of men, women and children. He also destroyed an immense fortified temple and monastery in the province of Osaba. Several thousand the people tried to escape during a storm, but were overtaken and slaughtered without regard to age or sex. A junk laden with the ears and noses of the slain was permitted to float by the besieged castle in full view of the garrison. From these tremendous biows Buddhism in Japan has not recov. ered to the present day. Ha AEE EES Last Attack. From Life. All progressive physicians now admit the correctness of “the germ theory of disease.” ‘They know that all diseases are caused by germs, or microbes, which lodge in some orgun, get into the blood, and multiply with terrible rapidity. The trouble may show in the head, Inngs, stomach or elsewhere. You may call it by any name you choose, but the cause is the same—microbes in the blood—microbes at the root of your life. Kill them and it cures you. Let them lve and you die. The disease isn't Con- sumption, or Eczema, or Dyspepsia, or Paralysis—it is MICRORES of different kinds. The only preparation that will kill them all and so cure any (so-calledy dis- ease is Wim. Radam’s Ticrobe Killer. BOOK ABOUT IT FREE. DON'T FAIL TO SEND FOR IT. CONSUMPTION. PATERSON, N. J., August 14, 3804. Gentlemen—Having had three sisters die with Consumption, and knowing by my symptoms that unless helped I would ve the next, I began to use your MICROBB KILLER upon the advice of friends, and 1 am now happy to say that I am again enabled to work (which I was unable to do) and have good rest and appetite, and no headache or cough. ED. E. SPEAR, 7 Hawbuzg ave. RHEUMATISM. MORTON, Delaware County, Pa.. August 26, 1804. Gentlemen—I had he Rheumut'sm in my Lmbs so bad that I was unable to do my work, I was induced to try RADAM'S MICROBE KILLER, and am happy to say that I was cured in a few weeks. It ts a grand, good medicine, and I would advise every one to try it. ARCHIE THOMSON, ECZEMA. MELROSE, Mass., September 1, 1804. Gentlemen—I have been a great sufferer from Eesema; tried any number of Sarsa- parillas and Blood Purifiers, bnt could not effect a cure until I ased RADAM'S MI- CROBE KILLER, which did the work thoroughly and effectaally, GEORGE UPTON, Melrose, Mass. PARALYSIS. NEW YORK, October 8, 1883. Gentlemen—On the 25th of September, 1892, I was suddenly seized with Daralysis and dropped helpless in the streets. My friends sent me to the New York Hospital, where I was treated for sixty-four dirs, and of being discharged, my condition was such that I would not get about without the use of a heavy cane. I had given up all hopes of ever being cured, when through a friend I heard of the MICROBE KILLER, and imune- diately began taking It. From the frst I received benefit, and after taking it for four months, was entirely cured. FRANK P. SHULL, 1 East 28th st. ‘Wm. Radam Microbe Killer Co., 7 Laight St., New York. SCHELLER & STE! ACKER & KENNER, oc27-82m A Characteristic Summary. Henry Labouchere, in London Truth. CHAPTER I. The earliest information which we have of man is that he was created. Having ex> hausted himself in calling the animals names he proceeded to go to—sleep! CHAPTER II. Woman then occurs, and her first recorded act was to—appropriate one of the man’s ribs for her own convenience. CHAPTER III. ‘Woman is now at the summit of feminine terrestrial prosperity. She possesses the only living man, and she inhabits the Paradise of Pleasure. The next incident, therefore, fs in in- evitable sequence. c Straying from Adam, Eve enters into con- versation with the only other talking crea- ture in the garden—towit, the Serpent, the most villanious, loathsome and venomous animal of all! ‘To emphasize the situation, this particular serpent is Satan—the principle of Evil. CHAPTER Iv. sy The Serpent deceives Eve, who, possessing entire happiness, characteristically ex- changes it for something—new! CHAPTER V. Eve rejoins Adam, prevails upon him to make a fool of himself, as she already had of herself, and, hiding—leaves the first man to tell the first lie! ‘ CHAPTER VI. Adam and Eve are summarily expelled from Paradise. Thus, upon the first day, the first woman fell at the first temptation, ruined the first man and accomplished sufficient mischief to endure even until the last trumpet shall summon the last man to attend the Last Judgment! A very creditable undress rehearsal. CHAPTER VIL Reproduce the ingredients of this episode, with ingenious elaboration, innumerable billions of times, and you have the com- plete “History of Humanity” from the first breath to the last sigh. ADDENDA. In the course of the busy first day the first woman invented — fashion! iS. ae ek ae ee ee ee A circumstance of interest is that Eve inaugurated female dress with a leaf, and since then till recently Fashion has continu- ally added to the costume which a civilized woman shall wear, It has been reserved for this century, however, to reverse the process by rapidly undressing her, and it may be, therefore, that the end of the world will occur when woman reaches again the inexpensive starting point. At the present rate this may be estimated to happen some- where about 1897. Or it may be a trifle earlier. es 8 © © © ew ew This Boy Had Fan, From the Evening Wisconsin. A boy who was recently sent to a boarding school has just sent the following letter to his loving and anxious mother: “I got here all right and I forgot to write before. It is @ very nice place to have fun. A feller aid I went cut in a boat and the boat tipped over and a man got me out, and I was so full of water that I didn’t know nothin’ for a good long while. The other boy has to be buried after they find him. His mother came from Lincoln and she cries all the time. A hoss kicked me over and I have got to have some money to pay the doctor for fixing my head. We are going to set an old barn on fire tonight, and I should smile if we don’t have bully fun. I lost my watch and am very sorry. I shall bring home kome mud turtles and I shall bring home a tame woodchuck if I can get ‘em in my trunk.” *oo—_____ A Luxury. From ‘Truth. diss Barber—“But you have paid me ten cents too much,” Van Pelt—“That's all right. That's a tip for not asking me if I wanted a shampoo,” TEDIOUS SUFFERING FINDS RELIEF, iauy physicians have pro- ses of the skin and blood. abandoned the old- Kennedy's Favorite HAVERHILL, N. H. ndunced as incarabie di Hodsdon of this place method aud used Dr. M Kem Hololes ‘salloned tous © diesnted enka 1° had always been troubled with Salt Rheum, which aggravated the diseased limb. Prescriptions and edicines of all sorts were used, but with no it. Dr. Kennedy's Favorite Kei was tried and it drove the polson out of ber bl healed the ulcerous sores, and restored Mrs. Hodsdon to health and strength. Remedy cleanses the blood and st In and eases of scrofula salt ene ‘Berves. thsum it cures where all else fails. BEE hs toe sea, air, | one. Shi et Thin. 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