Evening Star Newspaper, July 28, 1894, Page 12

1 —=— THE EVENING STAR, SATURNALY, JULY ‘28, 1894—-TWENTY PAGES. THE OLD-NAVY Stories of the Days When. Wooden Ships Were in Use, THEY WERE GALLANT OLD TARS A Strict Observance of Naval Eti- quette Insisted Upon. 5OME AMUSING - INCIDENTS ‘Wreitten Exclusively for The Evening Star. HE INTROQDUC- tion of steel “armor into the navies of the world has work- ed many changes other than in the construction of the vessels and the char- acter of their arma- ment. To those who “delight in war and bloodshed with their accompaniment of thrilling stories of heroic deeds, the de- Parture of the old wooden vessels, with their towering masts and bewildering net- ‘work of ropes and spars, will always re- main @ source of regret. Heroic men will, doudt, Comimiafid the naval vessels of future, but the reader of history will Probably Jook in vain hereafter for a John Paul Jones, a Lawrence,-a Perry, a De- €atur,a McDonopgh, a David D. Porter of ‘éur navy, or a Howard, a Blake, a Nelson of thé English. The. typical “old sea dog” has gone out with the wooden vessel. When the war of the rebellion broke out we had tw the Union navy one or two, at least, who had taken an active part in the war with Gfeat Britain, but now there hawily an old officer left. Even the youngest of those who rose to great“distMetion during our civil war has ssed away, and we no longer have a *Parraciit, a Footee a Dupant, a Porter, t even if they were here they would be one of the great ironciads of the Hececpe day, and be, so to speak, like a fat M a strange Warret. They were great sailors and masters of their profession, as e profésstin“was'a third of a century 0, but. the world has moved at a rapid ‘gait since they trod the quarter deck as j the ent of heroic battle. Not- withstanding of the old heroes have passyl away, those who occupy the tations of Tesponstbtitty “and care now ove fo recall the stories of past command- fers. T stories to never grow d oF © to be current. They are as lichtful now as they were when first Feiatet. Carefal of Their Dignity. There was always more punctiliousness about enforcing all the minute distinctions of etiquette im the aavy than in the army, and theny latghalte incidents are related of this peculiarity of naval officers. Tne stralier the vessel the mo yh c were the dificers in exacting their sank and stat it was due ated by one ican war the Vera Cruz was joined by of the “most dir er of one of the war vessels om to visit one of those mimic up alongside in his which was s the boat he was visiting) port quarter of the gunboat, when mant in command, in a tone of in- informed him his vessel had & vessel by the ngway. His vessel might be no bigger fhan a ¥awl, but so long as it was i com- mission he did Két pFopose to have any of iette omitted. the usual rules of et Capt. Joshua Sands was one of the char- @cters of the old navy, and was somewhat ted for falling into the bad graces of his mmanding officers. It is related of him that on one occasion he was on board of the Franklin, then bearing the flag of Com- modore Stewart, and had been suspended rom .¢duty for some breach of discipline. yhile under suspension, one day a cry was Faised, during a terribie guile of wind, that @ man was overboard. Being under sus- nsion, Sands’ was not_permitted to go on The quarter deck, but as a boat was being lowered to rescue the seaman he sprang into it through one of the main deck ports. he man was rescued mainly through the forts of Sands. On his return the com- ‘modore put him tnder arrest for “leaving the ship without permission.” Advice to the Commodore. ‘That looks like carrying discipline to the ery verge of folly, but a better story is told of the late Commodore M. C. Perry and Lieut. Charles G. Hunter during the Mexican war. One of the points of aggres- sion at that time by our navy was the town of Alvarado. While Commodore Connor had been in command of the fleet great eparations had been made to capture ‘Alvarado. and an extensive expedition had been organized for that purpose. The fleet @id not actually march up the hill and then march down again, as an army was said to have done in the olden time, but it came Bs near doing it as a ficet could on the Beas. It sailed up to the town im great Pomp*and with a vast display of force. ‘The officers and men spent the night in repafine for the conflict on the morrow, ut, to the astonishment of all, the morn- Ing < ed a sfenal from the flagship for he fleet to return to its anchorage off Vera 'ruz. Not long afterward a second attempt ‘was made, and this time on a nder scale than the first. The fleet was divided into two divisions, and the plan to dash cross the bar and storm the forts gvard- ing the town. Sands, referred to above, was commanding the flagship of plore Connor, who led one of the di- ms himself. This division had crossed vis the bar. and was almost under the fire of the fort commodpre Giscovered n had grounded. He to Sands and asked what was to be “% ahead and fight like ——” was ch but characteristic advice cf the taptah. ‘The commodore did not take the View and once more the fleet returned to Vere Cruz. * Went Beyond the Orders. ‘The next atterspt. against-Alvarado was shortly after Commod re Perry assumed comm#ind of the fleet. Jt that time the town was bipckaded by a little steamer carrying ne gun and forty men, commanded by Lieut. Hunter. Perry made great prepara- tions for his expedition, and to aid the Reet a brigade oP troops was sent along the heach. The troops. made better time than the feet, and on their arrival in sight of the town they were astonished to see the American flag floating over the works. On inquiry it was found that Lieut. Hunter, With his gun and forty men, had dashed in the day before and captured the place. @ news reached Perry before he arrived, ind it put him in a towering rage. He pro- geeded on to Alvarado, however, and placed Hunter under arrest. He was tried by a court-martial and sentenced to be repri- Mmanded by the commodore. The reprimand Was very brief, and subjected the commo- jore to the lampoons of the press through- ut the country. It was in the following jerms: “Who toh you to capture Alvarado? fou were sent to watch Alvarado and not take it. You have taken Alvarado with gum, and not a marine to back he reprimand ound up by the say would soon at- i Honter should not take , but should be dismissed from the He was dismissed. Hunter returned home. the people took a different view « urrence from he ym@lore and gave him dinners and el him w e er. 3 ntrie nd hard to con Some yeurs after the qncident just mentioned he was in com- than of one of the vessels attached to the wadron stationed at Rio Janeiro. He got tee a difficulty with the commodore and ac- pally ran away with his ship and satled to New York. On hts arrival at that city he fssued an address to the people, giving his version of the difficulty with his commander, Dut the resident promptly, dismissed hina from the service. He. Was the Bishop. Naval officers will not permit anything hat looks like trenching upon their au- Qhority, and regard themseives as supreme utive | Weing- the, proper thing for | and_he_was | do” Hun- { in the limits of their command. It is re- lated of Commodore Chauncey’ that: while he was in command of the New York navy yard he undertook to interfere in matters usual service the chaplain of the yard read @ notice which he said was by order of the bishop. The word “order” caught the ear of the testy commodore, and he interrupted with, “By whose order did you say?” “By the order of the bishop of the diocese,” re- plied the chaplain. The commodore did not stop to inquire the nature of the notice, but as it emanated from some other source than himself that was enough for him, and he promptiy vaid: “Well, the notice will not be obeyed. fll let you know that I am bishop of this diocese.” 4 Capt. Percival,-or “Mad Jack,” as he was generally called, was another one of the characters of the old navy, and many are the stories related of him. He was very eccentric, and his reports to the depart- ment, as well as his private letters, were very brief and epigramatical. A book could be filled with specimens of his epistolary talent, but one or two will suffice to show the character of the man. One time the son ef an old friend was appointed to a midshipman’s berth, and was assigned to Percival’s vessel. He wrote to his friend to announce the arrival of the son, and in the course of the letter said that the lad “had entered upor a profession where he would go down to his grave, wept, honored and sung, or unwept, unhonored and unsung.” Percival with ail his eccentricities was very irascible, and the young midshipman, had net been long on board before he aroused the ire of his captain, who at once sat down and wrote to the father as follows: “Dear Sir: Your son is going down to his grave unwept, unhonored and unsung.” At an- other time he was a member of, the board for the examination of midshipmen, and wrote to the father of one of them to an- nounce that his son had passed the exami- nation, and made the announcement in the following equivocal language: “Dear Sir: Your son has passed. Do you recollect our | taking the Columbus out of dock? She just grazed.” Our Goverument’s Neglect. Prior to our late war our government was neglectful in rewarding its naval officers, and many times was unjust. England, on the other hand, has always been prolific in its distribution of honors and more sub- stantial recognitions of the gallant actions of its seamen. I call to mind just now an incident that strongly shows the contrast between the governments in this respect. In 1855 Lieut. Pegram was in the Chinese Waters in command of one of our vessels. The coast of China at that time was a nest of pirates preying upon commerte. Pegram, in conjunction with Capt. .Fellows of the British navy, conceived a plan of destroy- ing the pirates, and organized a boat ex- pedition for that purpose. Pegram took something over"100 ‘of his men and was joined by Fellowes with about sixty British tars. In the little harbor where the pirates were hidden were a number of junks, arm- ed with more than a hundred guns and 1,000 men. Most of them were destroyed or captured, and the piratical nest ‘completely broken up. For his share in the expedition the British officer was promptly promoted, while the United States Seeretary of the Navy contented himself by writing to Pegram that the correspondence which had taken place. between the British ad- miral and himself would be placed on file. Oid Commodore Porter, the hero of 1812, was driven from the navy he had so great- ly honored for an act that had he been in the English service would have won him an admiral’s flag. The story of that crime of our government is well worth repeating. His last service in our navy was in com- mand of the fleet in the gulf, which was, at that time, infested by pirates. A robbery of American property had occurred on the Island of St. Thomas, and the goods had nm carried to Porto Rico by the pirates. Platt, in command of one of Por- ard of the robbery and un- ver the property. He pre- | sented himself with his vessel at “the port to which the stolen property had been car- ied, and demanded its return. He was shly received by the authorities, being ced under arrest. A Stalwart Commodore. | After being detained sometime he was finally released. As he left the port he met | Commodore Porter coming in with his flag- ship, the John Adams. Platt narrated the indignity put upon him, and the commo- dore determined to at once resent the af- fair as a gross insult to the flag. -He en- tered the harbor with three of his vessels and sent a message to the alcalde of the town demanding satisfaction, and threat- ening, in case of refusal, to take posses- sion of the place. One hour only was given for the decision. A battery that was about to fire on his party was captured and its guns silenced. Porter landed with about two hundred men and proceeded to march against the place, whea the authorities, see- ing his determination, agreed to apologize. For this prompt vindication of the honor of his country the commodore was at once recalled and court-martialed for transgress- ing his orders, and was sentenced to sus- pension for six months. This act of gross injustice cost the navy one of its bright- est ornaments, for Commodore Porter re- signed his commission and entered the service of Mexico. President Jackson after- ward offered to restore his commission, but he would not accept because of the old unre- versed censure. However, he left the Mexi- can navy and entered the United States dipiomatic service, and was finally made minister at Constantinople, where he died. He Was Commended. Naval officers were not always treated with this same injustice for upholding the honor of the country in foreign waters. A good example of this kind occurred in eur intercourse with Japan in the earlier days. An expedition to that country was sent out under the command of Capt. Glynn. As he approached the shore a Japa- nese vessel came out and handed the Amer- ican officer a parchmcnt warning the cap- tain from approaching any nearer the shore. The captain threw the parchment into the water. He was then warned by the inter- preter, but the Yankee commander assured him he would go just where he pleased. He sailed on until he found an anchorage that suited him. The next day the prince of the jistriet visited him with a great retinue. On entering the ship the prince started to so forward, when the captain clapped him on the shoulder and said: “Look you here, friend, you must go the other wa Such familiarity startled the Japanese, who thought t prince was about to be mur- dered. After some parleying Capt. Glynn told the prince he had come for some ship- wrecked American sailors who had been made prisoners by the Japanese, and that they must be given up immediately. The prince replied that it would take forty days to go to Yeddo for them. To that Glynn would not listen, but finally compromised by allowing four days. The prisoners were ased within the allotted time, and pt. Glynn was promptly complimented his government. A Gallant Officer. I cannot conclude these sketches with- out relating a story of conspicuous gal- lantry by a midshipman during the Mexi- can war. While the port of Vera Cruz was blockaded by our fleet a Spanish vessel managed to slip in without being discover- ed. The idea was conceived of capturing the schooner by a night attack, and Mid- shipman Hynson was the moving spirit. The schooner was captured, but could not be taken out, as she lay directly under the guns of the fort, so she was fired. In firing the vessel Hynson had both arms badly burned. A few days afterward his vessel was capsized and sunk by a squall. Hynson, notwithstanding he was carrying both arms in a sling, managed to get hoid of a spar with another man. Finding the spar would not float them both, the gallant midshipman let go his hold and sunk to his death. A short time ago an amusing story of the rebellion was told me. It was at a time when an attack on Charleston by the Union fleet was expected. A consultation of naval officers was called at Richmond to take into consideration how best to repel the threat- ened attack and destroy the vessels of the Union. A distinguished officer of the con- federate navy suggestel that long hawsers, with large hooks, should be laid along the streets of Charleston. and that as a vessel | approached a boat filled with br. | should dash out and hook the haw a monitor, and en that was done, several hundred soldiers should ige the hawser and Grag the troncind up to the wharf, where J be destroyed at leisure. It of capturlng battleships. The fact that the nv with one gun, | could knock over the soldiers like so many struck the confederate offi- | | | ¢ by } nim@pins neve: ‘ou ylve me a few cents?” Gent—"I never give erything to beggars. Tramp—“You never give anything to arg! De yeu think I'm going to become a 1 - ——_ Just to accommodate you? If you do you are fooling yourself badly.” pertaining to religion. One Sunday at the NO MORE STRIKES Views of a Prominent Labor Leader on the Situation, THE RECENT STRUGGLE REVIEWED Reforms Must Hereafter Be Accom- plished by Legislation. EDUCATION THE WATCHWORD Written for The Evening Star. The turbulent condition of labor through- out the United States during the last few menths, culminating more recently in the great strike of the American Railway Union, the acts of violence necessitating the employment of federal and state troops to preserve the public peace and protect private property ‘from destruction, accom- panied by open expressions of hostili- ty to the authority of law, should be sufficient to cause every thoughtful Icver of liberty and the institutions of a free government to pause and consider the situation as it really exists today, and seek diligently for such remedies as shall prove of permanent benefit to the nation and the nation’s people. The careful observer must admit that we are fast ap- proaching an industrial revolution—aye, it is here already—end it now beccmes the duty of all who would avert bloodshed to apply their best energies to an equitable, adjustment of the labor problem which shall be at once peaceable and effective. Fair Play for All, wae ‘The American people are great lovers of justice and fuir play, and he whose cause is just will always find willing advocates and able defenders among all classes of people. But before any man’s grievance is taken to the court of last resort—the peo- ple—it must first have béen proven to be absolutely just. The statement of Mr. Debs and his associates given to the public found lodgment in the hearts of the —— pte appeared oct i employes ot the Pullman Company NM most un- fairly treated by their employers. But when’ Mr. Pullman was heard, his statement flauy contradicting most of the salient points in the controversy, the. public were left to judge between the two, and even yet the sympathy was with the workmen. But when, in the furtherance of thefr plans to cripple the commerce of the nation a means of compelling the submission of Mr. Pullman to the terms proposed by hts: em- ployes, the third party interested—the pub- lic—was made the greatest sufferer of all. ‘Then it was that the A. R. U. lost the sym- pathy of the thoughtful, conservative ele- ment in every community. Pullman and His Men. It fs not the pucpose of this article to de- fend Geo. M. Pullman, but rather to cail the attention of the reading public to some features of the controversy not heretofore touched upon from an impartial standpoint, and at the same time offers some sugges- tions and comments on the labor situation generally es it exists at the present time. Mr.Pullman is a creature of nimeteenth-cen- tury civilization and United States laws. He is charged with having made himself fifty times a millionaire out of the labor of his werkmen, and the statement has gone so far unchallenged. There are many nren in the ranks of labor who know better. But to champion the cause of an employer in such a controversy as this, even if he is known to be in the right, is to forfeit the friendship of one’s associates in the ranks of labor, and the labor leader who does it but invites condemnation and defeat. Yes, he invites even more than that—he invites the blacklist from his feiiows as surely as does the aggressive striker from his em- ployers, Labor Leaders Are Politicians, Knowing this, the average leader of labor's forces becomes a politician, in that he first ascertains what his followers want, and then tries to get it for them, even against his own better judgment. Senator Arthur P. Gorman is reported to have said to a delegation of workmen, who asked him to support a movement to place the telegraph under government control: “I don’t know how the plan would work, but the people seem to want it, and I am in favor of it.” It was the answer of a shrewd, practical politician, and the leader of labor who would retain his hold on his followers pursues the same tactics. The field of labor is strewn with the wrecks of leaders who attempted to turn the tide from its desired course. And had Eugene V. Debs, James R. Sovereign or Samuel Gompers made a stand against the general tie-up they, too, would have been brushed aside by the more radical element. It is an easy matter to inflame afi audience of hard working men with references to the ex- travagant modes of life indulged in by the wealthy employers. And when such men are told that the money with which to satisfy such indulgences comes from the profits of their toil it all but maddens them. But is this always—or ever—the case? How Pullman Made His Money. So far as Mr. Pullman is concerned, it is well known that his wealth is a result of unjust,patent laws, which grant a monopoly right to an inventor. His genius gave to the traveling public desired accommoda- tions. The public demand for the same ecmpels the railroad companies to run his cars whether they want to or not, and Pul man has made his millions, not out of his workmen, but out of the traveling public who use his luxurious cars. And the peo- ple who are mulcted by him in extortionate charges for the accommodations provided are not, as a rule, complaining about it either. Th® trouble here is in the law which grants to one man such a monopoly. The sleeping car has become a pubiic neces- sity. When anything becomes a public ne- cessity it becomes a legitimate function of government to protect its people from ex- tortion. Congress should do one of two things in this instance, either pay to Pull- man a lump sum for his patents and throw them open to public competition or enact an interstate law regulating the charges for Pullman service (and, we might add parenthetically, abolish the system of tip: ping the porters.) womens The Sewing Machine Monopoly,, No one ever railed against Isaac M. Sin- ger because he amassed @ fortune of $6,- 000,000 or $7,000,000 out of his wing ma- chine,yet he robbed the people under the mo- nopoly right granted him by, law-worse than Pullman ever thought of doing. The product of Singer cost about $10,000,000 to bulld, and was sold for $80,000,000. The sewing ma- chine was a labor-saver for the sewing wo- men of the land, while the Pullman. parlor or sleeping car is at most but a necessary convenience for those who travel, and this class of people are usuaily able to pay for their extra accommodations. Mr. Pullman was once a poor mechanic himself, and there is not one among. all the host of. strikers today who would not take ad- vantage of the same laws to accumulate a fortune if the opportunity presented itself. All this railing against law and authority is senseless, and does labor more harm than good. The law-abiding citizen has no reason to ag the law. The man who pays his bills need have no fears of the law for the collection of bad debts. And no honest man in the ramks of labor can afford to ally himself with the law-breaking and law-defying element. ~ i “No rogue e’er felt the halter With good opinion of the law,” is a couplet well worth consideratic~ just at the present time. Labor organizations which wguld retain the good opinion of .the thoughtful people in America today must relegate to the rear the lawless and..tur- bulent members, and put férward only those who can command and retain the pespect: of the people. Law ew Cause for Camplgint.~ Fut there are two sides to every questicn, and labor has just cause f6¥ gencra} com- plaint. There has for a lgpg time, been a tendency to concentration, consoldation, combination, or whatever 4 may? pfUperly be called, on the part of capitals apd the effect has been injurious to labor, The in- dividual empleyer has been-lost sight of in the corporation, even as the individual work- man has been lost in the labyrinth of ma- chinery in the mammoth factory. There is no longer the sympathy which comes ‘from frequent contact of employer and employed, and the workers have suffered by the change. The iron law of wages has been applied, and in self-defense the laborers have been compelled to form ,themselves Ww intd organizations for mutual assistance and protection. Employers who had been oppressive in treatment of their em- -ployes at once objected to this, andein many instances lecked their doors, deny- ing the right of labor to so organize. The just employer: no fault to find with the new order things, and today the right to organize is not denied by any right- thinking people, ‘. Four Classes of Labor Organisations. There are four classes of so-called labor organizations jin rthe United States, each having its own peculiar methods for the conduct of labor's. interests. ” In the first class, though widely differing in their methods, we will place the anai chists, socialists and other revolutionary societies. For these there is no room in free America. .They have mistaken our promise of freedom for a degree of license which {s positively dangerous to society, and, while there are many able and con- spicuous champions of the rights of labor among them, the American organizations of labor cannot afford to allow them to dominate their actions or influence their movements. In the second class of these organizations we find the ancient and time-honored trade union. These bodies are always on the look- out for their own trade, and don’t seem to care much what becomes of the rest of humanity. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers is a fair sample of this element in the field of labor. They are ever on the lookout for No. 1. No one ever heard of Grand Chief P. M. Arthur issuing an ap- peal for the relief of any one in distress, except the Brotherhood of Engineers. The Spirit of Self-Interest. The organization seems to be dominated by the spirit of self-interest. It is not many years since the great Typographical Union was in the same boat. A feature of the order of business at each meeting was then, as now, the discussion of the welfare of the union. But woe to any man who should venture to introduce anything for the welfare of any others than printers. There was a feeling that printers were a little better than the rest of the labor world, and there was no feeling in common with other branches of toil. But that is all changed now, and the average union printer is today an able advocate of the rights of all mankind. This second class of labor organizations have no weapon of offtnse or defense but the strike. They see in the field of labor but two methods whereby Tabor may be uplifted, Le.: by increasing wages and shortening the hours of labor— both commendable so far as they go, but both falling far short of any solution of the problem confronting labor in this last decade of the nineteenth century. Federated Interes' ‘The third class comprises those unions of trades which, under the leadership of Eugene V. Debs, have consolidated or fed- erated their interests for mutual help in time of trouble. The recent struggle of the American Railway Union is the first great trial of the strength of this tie of fellow- ship between the various divisions of the railway employes. So far as they had been compactly organized they stood together like men, and obeyed the orders of their chosen leaders and advisers. There is no good reason for criticising Mr. Debs for his course during this strike. He was but carrying out the prearranged plans of his organization, and for so doing he has got- ten himself and associates in trouble. The fault is in the foundation principle of their organized structure. * The Strike Must Be Latd Aside. The time has'come in the development of American industry when the strike, as a factor in the gettYement of labor disputes, must be laid adtde.' These are strong words from one who has been intimately associat- ed with the labor movement for over twenty years, but they are true. The strike has had its day df usefulness, and has done aced; but that day is past and gone, never to return. Mr. Debs made his fatal mistake when he inteffere with the rights and comforts of thé general public. “An injury to one is the concern of all,” is his motto; but in his zeat to carry out this principle he made the concern of one an injury to ail, and that is where his plan will end every time. His union oftall branches of the rail- Way trades is ail right and commendable. But let them bonfine their efforts to a dis- cussion of the principlts underlying their movement, and a united effort to secure their rights in peaceable ways, without re- vert to those methods which will bring upon them only condemnation from the public, and at the same time piace them under the ban of the federal courts. Relief Through Legislation. The fourth class of labor organizations represents that element in the labor move- ment which seeks to bring about the re- forms necessary to the uplifting of labor through legislation. These are represented in the labor movement of today by the Knights of Labor. Uriah S. Stephens of Philadelphia, whose portrait looks down upon me as I write, peered into the future and foresaw the present condition of the toilers, and he rightly divined that perma- rent relief could not be secured except through legislation; and while the Knights of Labor have been associated in the past, ‘nd in the present instance, with many strikes, yet it is not one of the methods of settling labor disputes laid down in their accepted platform. They bring together all branches of honorable toil, from the man who labors in the trench to the business man behind the counter or the editor in his sanctum, and by discussion and agi- tation to create a healthy public opinion on the subject of labor, and the justice of its receiving a full, just share of the values created by it. And if the labor question is ever solved thraugh the efforts of the toilers themselves it will be through this or some other similar association of workers. Education the Watchword. Education must be the watchword, and through education of the masses alone will a solution be found. The errors in our pres- ent industrial system are many, and they miust be sought out and remedied. But this cannot be done by men heated by passion and inflamed by prejudice. Invective must give place to argument, and threats of vio- lence must be laid aside for the more pow- erful influence of reason. Intelligent organ- ization and well directed effort can secure at the hands of legislators what can never be forced from corporations by the strike or boycott. Let labor do its striking in the future at ‘the ballot box, and boycott the saloon, if it must boycott anything, and strive through education to lift its fellows above the vel of the brute creation into a realm where there shall be a desire for better things. And when that desire has been created a way will be found to satisfy it. Labor Which respects itself will command and re- ceive the respect of others. A. M, DEWEY, BROOKLYN BRIDGE. Effects of Heat d Cold and the Pa: : ing of the Trains. From the Indopetigent.; As you stand in the exact middle of Brooklyn bridgé you will observe where the compensation js made for the expansion asia contraction by heat and cold. The bridge, resting en the four cables, is divided into two parts {n the middle, and one end is afranged to slfe over the other. You can put your hand ‘bn ‘the railing and measure by the rubbing’ of, ‘the parts how far they have pulled back fn winter or have overlap- ped in summer, If you watch from cool morning till mfidday you can see just how much the bridge has expanded in six hours. But does the bridge which thus feels heat and cold also feel at all the strain of the weights that pass over it? Let us look and see. We stand again in the middle of the bridge and watch’as a train of cars passes by. We notice, where we looked before to see one end slide over the other, that foot passengers do not seem to affect it in the least. When a heavy team passes by there is no observable movement. The bridge does not seem te have noticed it at all. but here comes a train of cars crossing the bridge. As it comes near we observe that the railing overlaps, the ends begin to move apart. They separate for an inch. Then as the train passes they come together again, and in a moment they are in their normal position. The bridge has noticed that the train was passing. It did not break; it felt no painful strain; but it noticed and felt and acknowledged and registered the pres- sure which vainly attempted to break the cables. = Training an Office Boy. Trom the Pittsburg Chronicte-Telegraph. Gaswell—‘‘How is your new office boy get- ting along?” Dukane—‘‘I've been abie to get a little work out of him since I broke him of the stamp-colle-ting habit, of smoking cigarettes ani of whistling. I am now trying to per- sade him not to go out to look at the score oftener than once in two minutes,” + 'wo TEACH GIRLS TO swim. Simple Method T Advantageo: A girl should be sent to swimming school, if there is such a convenience in her town or city. Or, if at the seaside this summer, many a girl who was never in the salt water before can quickly acquire this most graceful and serviceable accomplishment by a very simple method, says the St. Louis Republic. A comfortable flannel bathing suit and a strong-armed brother who swims well are the chief equipments for this prac- tical beginning. Wade into the water until it is waist deep, and then ask your brother to put one arm under your body about the it Will Be Found The First Lesson, waist line and place his other hand under your chin. Then lift your feet off the bot- tom and lie in the attitude shown in the picture. Have never a bit of fear; you are well ported; your face is out of the water, and you will feel your body lifted up by itas though pushed from beneath. Now, with arms and legs stretched to their full length, make the first stroke. Draw your hands up to your chest, the finger tips near- ly touching, the palms turned out. Then sweep your arms out in half circles through the water until they stretch out straight on either side of your body. Your legs, mean- The Stroke. while, must also be drawn up until your toes almost touch, then stretch out quickly, the feet far apart. When your hands are drawn up against your chest your knees must be simultaneously crooked to bring your feet together, and arms and legs pro- pelled through the water at the same mo- ment. Go through these movements for at least ten minutes every day in the water, having some one to hold you up, and resting for a bit every two or three minutes. By per- haps the fifth morning you will be able to be in the water with only your chin in your brother’s hand. You are feeling by this nd Ze Angle of the Hend With the Watér. time how buoyant the salt water is, and you are beginning to trust it. you will feel yourself moving along an ir or two, and any one’s forefinger lightl pressing up will keep your head up at the level shown in the, picture. About tenth morning you will be able to dispens: with even a helping finger, and will swim a few feet at a time. After that the old rule of practice making perfect must be follow- ed, in order that you may learn to swim twenty yards at a stretch, which is a fine feat for one’s first summer in the To hasten your progress as a beginner tr} to remember and follow closely these two or three simple rules, the-wviolation of which greatly retards one’s progress: When in the water never open your mouth. Breathe through your nose. Never when learning to swim go in water over your waist in depth. Never go with any but a person who knows how to swim, who is kind and cau- tious and who would not play pranks or practical jokes. Never fail to ga in every morning reg- ularly. Never be discouraged. ————-ee___—__ PRESAGE OF PRECIOUS STONES. Se Jewels Which Bring Good or Evil Fortune to Their Wearers, From the New Orleans Sunday State. Pearls in the ancient world, as they do now with many lovers, hold the highest rank among precious stones. In sacred writ we have frequent mention of them. In fact, no jewel in profane or sacred history, in story or romance, could hold its place as an emblem of purity, for the reason is obvious— its beauty is due to nature. It is the only precious stone that is used just as God made it. It is impossible to improve on His handi- work. The pearl is simply a formation of carbonate lime and is worn in its natural state as it comes from the oyster. The largest collection of pearls in the world, we are told, is owned by the Empress Dowager of Russia. The Shah of Persia is said to have a string of them, each one perfect and as large as a hazel nut. Louis Napoleon had a fad for the collection of pearls. Queen Victoria has also a magnificent collection. It is a Polish superstition that each month has a particular gem attached to it which governs it and is supposed to influence the cestiny of persons born in that month. in the seJecting of birthday or engagement rings it is a pretty idea to observe the sig- nificance of these emblems, as the talis- manic beliefs in their influence and mys- terious powers certainly add to an imagin- ative mind a poetical charm to the loving remembrance of friends or sweethearts. Thus, January — Jacinth-garnet; denotes constancy and fidelity in every engagement. February — Amethyst; preserves mortals from strong passion and insures peace of mind. March—Bloodstone; denotes courage and secrecy in dangerous enterprises. April —Sapphire or diamonds; denote repentance and innocence. May—Ei love. June—Agate; Ruby or corn a cure of love. August u felicity. September—Chrysolite; prese! from or cures folly. October—Aquamarine or opat; denotes misfortune or sorrow. No- vember—Topaz; insures fidelity and friend- ship. December—Turquoise or malachite; denotes the most brilliant success and hap- piness in every condition of life. Even in this nineteenth century the opal is regarded as bringing misfortune to the owner. I am not a bit superstitious—I never saw a woman that would admit it if she was—but I confess I would not, despite its beauty, like to Wear an opal. We have, all of us, in some period of our lives, delved into the haunts of oriental fables and fairy stories, and we have been charmed with the com- panionship of a good genii and terrified with the pranks and deviltry of bad ones, and, while I am willing to confess that 1 have in a measure outlived many childish traditions, “all the same,” I would not wear an opal ring. Please don't anybody tempt me to go back on my word. Some of these days I will tell you the history of the most beautiful opal ring I ever beheld. It is the history of two broken hearts that haunt me every time I hear of a look at one of these beautiful jewels. You wiseacres may laugh at me as much as you please,but the history is a true one and almost the saddest one that ever was written, and my hero gave his heart's idol an opal ring. — A Sensitive Ginnt Dies. From the San Francicco Call. Joe Sullivan, widely known as the “East Oakland: giant,” died of congestion of the lungs. yesterday morning. Sullivan was twenty-four years old, six feet seven inches in heighj, and weighed 250 pounds. A na tive son, he was at an early age deserted by his father, and obiiged through childhood to depend upon the charity of friends. He had in his brief lifetime served as tireman, circus freak, laborer and general factotum. His enormous height was the bugaboo of his life. So extremely sensitive was he to any reference to it that he has often been known to burst into tears when he was looked at overcuriovsly. He was for some time connected with the fire department as driver of the Brooklyn engine. Later he traveled as the giant with Sells’ circus at a salary of $100 a month and board and lodg- ing. His arms were three fect nine inches in length. His foot measure was fiftcen inches, After that | «| the | & SAVE THE BABY! Good The White Hearse With Its Tiny Casket. Infants Are Fast Dying of Cholera Infantuw. How the Dread Disease May Be Prevented. Lactated Food the Best Diet in July. Mothers and Physicians Recommend It. One can hardly take a walk these days, says the Boston + without” encountering a faneral. Half the deaths in July are those of children under five years. Year in and year out a third of all who die are infants. ‘The effect of the summer heat upon the health of the baby is fearful. Yet the intestinal disturbances, which are a tributed to the weather, actually arise from er rors in diet, from lack-of absolute purity in food —perfectly preventable canses. “Ef all the babies were fed on the diet suffich nutritious and absolutely pure,’ says a mem! of the board of health, “thee would be no su Yhing as cholera infantum.”* Tue weekly returm which physicians are obliged by law to make at this office show no infant deaths from sammer diarrhoea among babies who have been fed on a diet of pure lactated food. Healthy mothers’ milk 43 unequaled, but the mothers who are capable of ui their chil- dref throughout the entire summer only in Boston, New York and the o' also in the country. When this natoral food is insufficient or the mother. not well, or when re- course must be bad to nothing but cow's ilk, without persondl knowledge of its fitness for the baby, tro e occurs. When the breast milk is insuffictent the baby should be put at once Upon lactated food. - M Ts of large families and physicians of ex- perience everywhere say that for per against summer complaints, cholera § latestinal disorders there is J fails: Feed the baby on tse hot months, attend ea ing and keep all vd. bers may tm this way dismiss all anxiety, as lactated fod itself is free from any possi jon, and will nourish Hittle nothing else can. Thousands of infants wh iy o b oues as > moth sickly bave thrived and grown dren upon ted food, which lar be alr among th ny a mother, too, has been streugthen: salts found in «i food a per f ons did in bri cae dy gain ta weight Lactated food saves surest preventive It is within eve pensive that no mother ever bad a real excuse for not using it Overlook Inn, (Havemeyer Syndicate Property) East Washington Heights, Near Pa. ave. extended, across branch, Handsomely furnished, rooms and broad verandas, commanding sightly views, Refresuments served @ la carte. Cuisine the finest and greatest vi JAMES F. BONEN, Manager. ‘The property adjacent, comprising the ARCITI- BALD M. BLISS subdivision, for sale, in eligible lots, and money advanced to build, payable on the installment plan, if desired. 526 ety. Belfast Ginger Ale — is pre-emivent “Healthful and Cooling. 75¢.&$1.50 || have it in two sizes.Qnart 50 dow: " Waters, = nue 480. It having come to our knowledge that some unprincipled persons are going about this city selling Asbestos and Earthen Cooking Utensils, Stoneware, &c., and representing that we are or will be Agents for same, we desire to inform our Patrons and the public generally that We have no such agency. Said parties are mot connected with Our establishment im any way whatever, M. W. Beveridge, A AND GLASSWARE, iv23 i215 F and 1214 G sts. oe eo oa Double and Triple Cookers Reduced. Think of cooking two or three aif. at © left is 0 the price as ( small wo've follows: All $1.25 Cookers, 95c. All $1.50 Cookers, $1.10. All $1.75 Cookers, $1.30. Gas Appliance Exchange, 1428 N. Y. Ave. Gold! An bonest man's promise Is fost as goof here as cash, The money that is left over from your incowe each week or each month ‘will furnish sour house completely. You Wou't be asked to sign a note~and there's Ro Such word ag interest with us. A PROMISE TO Pay Rvs THE REFRIGERATOR, : THE BABY CARRIAGE, THE PARLOR surte, THE BED ROOM SUITE, THE MATTING, ‘THE CARPET And every other article necessary to houses Keeping. Tell us how you'd Mke to bave the payments arranged—weekly or monthly— We'll please YOU, even at our own incon- venience. Gurucy Refrigerators—30 sizes—ali prices. Cotton Warp Matting—vest qualiti¢s—all prives, Plush or Halrcloth Parlor Sutte—cholces * $22.50. Solid Oak Bed Room Suite. $12. Splendid Brussels Carpet, 0c. per yard. Reliable Ingrain Carpet, 85. per yard. All carpet msde afd laid free of cost. No charge for in watching figures, Solid Oak Extension Tatle, $3.50. 40-pound Hair Mattress, $7. Woven Wire Springs, $1.75. 180,000 STRANGERS WILL BE IN WASH. INGTON NEXT MONTH-ARE YOU PRE- PARED TO ENTERTAIN THEM? LET Us FURNISH THAT VACANT ROOM UP- STAINS—PAY US A LITTLE AT A TIME |GROGAN’S MAMMOTH CREDIT HOUSE, 819-821-823 Tth Street Northwest, Between H and I Streeu. Are You “Fat? 4 OUS OBESITY | BANDS and OBESITY FRUIT SALT re@tee your Weight without dicting; cure the cause of obesitr, | Sereh, “eid Frou nee = rrrh, kidu: ites; Keep Fou tify the compiexica. cae ee New Style Special Obesity Bands. . Oar supporting and special Obesity wu wash. Cell and examine. TDwesty Varieties All genuine Bands have our name stauiped on them. WASHINGTON, D. C., Sept. 5, 1898. Dear Sirs: I received your Obesity is, and am glad to say that J think cur Band is splendid. I think it grand. and — ke it ever so m Now, 1 Yoclose $1.50 for @ bottle of Ovesity P . Yours truly, ELIZABEIM JONES, 607 34 st. ow. TRE FARMERS AND TRADERS BANK, « KNOXVILIE, Te ys Gentlemen: Your benefit to my wife Very 9 3. L MaxWer “| PROM A PROMINENT, PENNSYLVANIA norey. | est 42 pounds’ and 5 inches in measurement on Band and Pills. Loring & Co.—Dear pour Obesity Band and P | bave lost @ 1 bare . And we pornds Ws weight and ment. Fave been ust | using Ovesity Band and only six vottles of Dr. Edison's Pills and have pa: | no ate to dieting and have improved all’ the t time. answer Correspondents. Oct. 17, 1898. Ovr guots_may he cbtalned trom G. G. C. SIFIFis, Gor. New York ave. and 14th st, % ft Z’S MODERN PHARMACY, a Seite dock Sent by mal on of price. The Bands, Poet #250 ups the Pratt fait $1 per bottle and Pills $1.80 per bottle, or 3 bottles for |. Address LORING & 00., 42 West 224 st., Department No, 74." New York, or 22 Hamilton place, Department No. 4 Boston. sta Nobody Else Sells Wilson’s $3.50 Shoes —because we manufacture them and control them. When you buy this Stoe You not only get a Shoe that fits you perfectly, but you get a Shoe worth $5, and equal to any $5 Shoe sold elsewhere. There's mo middleman’ Profits “stuck” on the cost—that’s Why they're 0 Jow in price. C7 We close at 7 o'clock every @ay except Saturdey—on Saturday at 20 o'clock. WILSON, “Shoemaker for tender feet,"* 929 F St. N.W. Sy27 SHOESES ELSES IE DES O9 OF :Sensible People Know that an Brticle which lasts twice as long a8 another, and 2 tee eet thee ¢ The Reversible e $ Mattress STRICTLY wWasHmNcTo: DRESSED —prime conditioned, grata fed Virginia and Maryland cattle. Our own Killing. Marked at prices sume as paid elsewhere for 1p- feriot meat. Delivery prompt, ** Mail orders have quick seeing to, HOS. T. KEANE, 2 nw hinking About STORAGE For your furnitare? We offer you clean, dry rooms in the best equipped storage w we in town for from up. Experts to pack niture . C7 It you intend having any furniture made over, let us do it for you now. More and better attention for less money tu the busy season, 3 mouth aud move your fur- Delicious Iced Tea— With a delicate, Gelicious favor— With strength—and absoluted; is made from BUKCHEL LEAF TEA CED) At Ramsay’s ™ d i, an oer wou wuneanst ow ee peat fede 1221 F ot. ow.