Evening Star Newspaper, July 7, 1894, Page 13

< MR. PIKE’ {THE EVENING sT S HOUSE. -: FIGHTING THE ICE Account of the Wellman Party's Ar- rival at Dane’s Island. An Englishman's Shooting Box Fur- nishes a Comfortable Retreat. Se ARCTIC HEADQUARTERS (Copyright, 1894, by Walter Wellman.) Correspondence of The Evening St: DANE’S ISLAND, Spitzbergen, May 4. BRE Wis ARH AT our summer head- quarters, just under the eightieth parallel of north latituds. We arrived here last night. Capt. Bottelf- sen was again stop- ped about 2 o'clock Monday morning off Mitre Hook, in lati- tude 7 degrees 5 minutes, or within thirty-eight miles of ‘ Dane's Isiand. The a at midnight was the lowest we ve yet encountered—14 1-2 F. It was this of cold and not the winter's ice that taused us trouble, for it cov: a@ great of the sea with a thin film, gelatinous consistency, not strong enough to bear ‘the weight of a man, but incredibly tough ‘when pushed against by the prow of the Ragnvald Jarl. No ice is more troublesome to a navigator than this young ice in con- Rinuouws sheets, thin though it may be. wier ice In detached masses ts eusily aside, but in order to make progress h this film, the ship had literally to acres of it at every ten rods of al- Wance. In the old days arctic navigators thought ‘Yee was never formed upon the surface of the sea. They believed that all the Ice in he arctic regions was land made, and many are the ambitious polar expeditions that Fame to grief through attempting to fol- out routes based upon this erroneous as- tion. We know that ice does form the surface of the sea, even at such ht cold as 20 ¥., because our ship was eral times stopped entirely by this young Moreover, we saw the new ice in the of formation, the sea being covered th little round masses of congelation, very uch resembling lily pads in crystal. in a iy oF two, without disturbance by wind or jeurrent, these pads join together and form ithe continuous sheets of rubberlike ice by which we were stopped. When a ship forces Its prow against this ice, the surface of the ‘Water for some distance about is set into a Wesies of undulations, though no water can Possibility, we again noticed with supreme satisfaction that a water sky covered the horizon. Mr. Pike’s Heune. It was a little after 10 o'clock that Mr. Pike’s house, on the northern shore of Dane's Island, appeared, and at 10:30 we rounded to in the little bay which answers as a harbor for this far northern habita- tion. We could not call it a settlement, because no human beings are here except ourselves and have not been since last autumn. Though Mr. Dodge facetiously blew the whistle of the Jarl for the custom house officer, and though we ran the American colors to the fore peak, no boat came off, and no responsive signal was made on shore. We had rather a cold wel- come to Dane’s Island, for the east wind, veering rather to the north, funneled through the gat with terrifis force and made the temperature of 17 F. difficult to endure. We had the astisfaction of know- ing, however, that all the population there was in the place was on the beach waiting to receive us. We were a happy two dozen men and a boy in a beat when we retired that night. We had arrived at Dane’s Island from six to ten days earlier chan we had dared hope, and three or four weeks before the time our good friends the critics and the- orists had set for us. Never before had an arctic expedition reached so high a lat- itude in such a short time or with so little trouble. The extraordinary nature of our advance may be judged by the fact that had a man left New York on Wednesday, the 18th day of April, on buard cne of the fast White Star steamers for Liverpool, and traveled through by the regular lines without delay, he could have overtaken us at Tromsoe and arrived here within the shadow of the eightieth parallel in twelve days from his sailing out of the port of New York. Many aretic travelers of the past—heroic, daring, hardy men—have spent months and years of arduous toil and struggle without ever Teaching the lattiude which we have at- tained amid all the comfort of a yachting tour. Of scores and scores of arctic expedi- tions known to history the number that have passed the eightieth parallel could be counted upon the fingers of one’s hands. The farthest north is only 220 geographical miles beyond the strait in which the Ragn- vald Jarl came to anchor six days from Tromsoe. Only those who have had experience in piloting arctic expeditions, with responsi- bilities, uncertainties and anxieties multi- plied a hundredfold beyond the imagina- tion of the layman, will be able to appre- ciate the satisfaction with whter-we crawled into our bunks, with the snow-clad and sun-lit mountains about us at mid- night on the 7th aay of May. A Comfortable Place. May 10.—This is our third day at our summer headquarters, and we are nearly ready to try our luck farther north. By evening we shall finish our work here, the headquarters will be fully fitted out, and if the wind will permit we shali steam out for the true arctic waters, which are the bor- ders of the unknown region. The Jarl had been driven between two floes, the shore ends of which were fast, and afforded, tnerefore, a safe haven for the ship. Less than half a mile from the steamer, at the foot of a rugged mountain, stood the house of Mr. Pike, an English gentleman who comes nearly every year to Spitz- bergen to hunt for deer, seal and birds. He was kind enough to give us the use of his house rent frée, a courtesy which, you may be sure, we fully appreciate, as it saves us not only a considerable expense, but also a vast deal of annoyance and time. It is a surprisingly good house that Mr P:ke ures as his shooting box away up here THE RAGNVALD JARL. ' Be seen, so elastic and so tough is the thin frozen covering. The Three Crowns. On getting out this morning and taking ur shower baths in a temperature of 17 F., the temperature of the water being 31, we found the ship near the entrance to King’s bay, one of the few places in Spitzbergen where coal may be had, and with three remarkable peaks, known as the Three Crowns, looming up in the background. Magnificent giaciers came down to the sea, with water fronts t high, biue | as the bluest of skies in sunny Italy. T Blacters could be traced back through t mountain far as the eye could | reach, or inland ice, tempting | our N ian members to go ashore and try th is upon these perfect and mag- nificent tural toboggan slides. The easy approach which these glaciers gave to the high inland ice of Spitzbergen suggested to bility ure travel. In case | in here for a] practicable for north of But, of > be | chance | “hing our headquarters point at | Dane's Island. Thoush the condition or the new ice was| exceedingly unfavorable and Capt. Bot ve it as his opinion that w only waste coal in trying, we determine go on. Though at first compelled to cr along a rate of half a miie an hour throush the thin jellylike ice, we at ler yeached heavier ice in detached masses then made much better prog 1 to improve, and by di with now and then a hard bump, the evening we had passed the by 6 in morthernmost of the seven mountains and Were abie to enjoy a view of Ams dam Is the Hakluyt head and Dane Island. Much good it did our these la is looming up so n we w also 1 to pe the northernmost land ahd over great Arctic oc which is to be theater of our her com< tragedy or farce we sky. ck fol for what us thro shout a dis aved uy on close nd threugh it we steame good rate. Later a | strong wind from t t set in, and in an | incredibly short time cleared all the ice | from the coast and euabled Captain Bot- felfsen to come down from the crow’s nest and make the welcome announcement that | no obstructions whatever lay between us and Dane's Island. The mighty cliffs tanding sentry over the Danish fiord we at 9 in the evening, and as we cast Dur eyes out over the Arctic ocean to the | offer: iime in the arctics. It was constructed in Tromsoe and first erected there, the timbers being marked for rebuilding here. Within it 4 lined with boards and building paper, an all doors and window casings are as ‘tight as tight can be. The structure is 40 feet tong and 17 feet wide, divided into four rcoms, each room having within it a good stove. We found the key to the front door in the lock, left there by Mr. Pike's orders, so that any stranded fishermen seeking haven of refuge might not be compelled to break In doors or windows. We soon had an American flag flying from the flagstaff at the western end of the house, and as the colors ran up they were saluted with cheers from our party, who by this time were scattered all over the ice floes. Oven to Remain on Dane's Island. Professor Oyen has kindly volunteered to remain alone at the headquarters until the return hither of the ship or of some mem- bers of the supporting party. It had been the intention to leave a man with him for companion, but owing to the present desire f the officers of the expedition to take all the men with them to the north Mr. Oyen to remain by himself. There is reaily noth fear except illness, for the b are not troublesome. Even if the Ragnvald Jarl does not return as soon as we expect, the hunting sloops from Norway will make their eppearance within a few weeks, and the rumors that an excursion steamer with 300 or 400 passengers is coming out to Spitzbergen in July. Perhaps in good e's Island will become the center of a large summer resort population. WALTER WELLMAN. you hadn't had your hair cut so Harold,” exclaimed the young wo- man, turning away from hin involuntarily. ‘What difference does it make, dearest?” Harold, with tender anxiety. you have destroyed illusion,” ighed. “That fs all.” ‘ou didn’t think I was a poet a, because I wore my hair lon I never susp short, an did you, m artist?” * she an- swered, “that you | have unconsciously revealed a tact I n suspected, Your ears aren't mates. elastance etn Skipper—“Anything the matter, old man His guest—‘‘N-no, nothing much, only- Skipper—“Only what, old fellow?” His guest—“Only you call sailing a selence, and it seems to me If it were a science ycur confounded old boat would Borthward. the region of mystery and keep straight.”—Life. THE GAY BILL BOARD Theatrical Bills and How They Are Printed in Gorgeous Colors. EVOLUTION OF THE FENCE PICTURE Work of the Poster in Advertising a Show. : ART IN DESIGNING Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. ae NEW YORK, Sept. 12, 1894. UST NOW THE od inves theatrical fompanies are start- ing out from New Work for their regu- Jar annual tours. An important and ex- pensive part of their equipment is an out- fit of display bills for advertising. For this item alone a first- class show on the road will spend about $115 a week for a season of forty-five weeks. They cost £0 much money because art in this line has attained a high point of development with- in the last few years, many of the pie- tures which adorn fences and dead walls today being admirable in both drawing and coloring. Immense quantities of these bills are made in this city, which is the center where all the theater business of the United States is transacted. Even those lithographing concerns which have factories elsewhere for the sake of lower rents maintain agencies here, The pic- tures are printed almost always from stone, which has taken the place of the wooden blocks formerly used for the purpose. These blocks were of pine and basswood, though cherry was employed for jobs re- quiring very fine work. The ceiling of an entire floor of one New York factory 1s composed of a mosaic of out-of-date blocks of this kind. Among them one discovers such old friends as Uncle Tom and Lord Dundreary. This method of printing has not been aban- doned wholly. It is still practiced to some extent on account of its greater chea) ness. Dry goods firms and other busine: houses are using it for advertising and it is employed by some newspapers for col- ored illustrations. Ten years ago all the theatrical display bills were printed from blocks. The eurliest colored cartoons of Puck were produced in the same fashion. This branch of wood cutting used to be of no small importance. The wood used being soft was easily chiseled, the cost of en- graving being from $4.50 to $10 per block, Four blocks were required for each pic- ture—one for black, another for yellow, a third for red and a fourth for blue. Com- binations of these gave all other hues and tints. How They Are Made. When a show bill is to be ordered the manager of the theatrical company goes to the factory and gives his ideas for the plc- ture to the artist-in-chief. Under direction of the latter a sketch is made in black and white. This takes a day. Competition is so brisk that quickness, which means saving of cost, is of the utmost importanee. Never- theless, the sketch is elaborate and Includes all details. The drawing Is all done “on cheek,” as the technical phrase is, no mod- els being employed. The sketch being ap- proved by the manager, possibly with some corrections suggested, it is handed over to the “black man,” who copies it on the litho- graphic stone, from which the black parts of the picture are eventualiy to be printed. Eut some artistic talent is required for werking in this way from a sketch, and so photographs are used to a considerable ex- tent. Enlarged solar prints are made from the photographs and these are reproduced on the stone. This method does very well for portraits of actors and actresses. After the “black man” has finished the picture‘on his stone he adds the lettering. ‘This hgs to be done backward, of course. The workman gets used to doiag it in re- verse and finds it no more difficult that way, though mistakes are easier to make. Most of the lettering is executed by hand, but some of it is printed from big type and put on the stone by means of transfer paper. Now the stone is ready to be caten with acid, after which four impressions are struck off from it on sheets of paper. One of the sheets goes to the artist-in-chief, who paints in the colored parts with water colors for a model. The other sheets are handed over jo the yellow, red and blue men, who copy the model. It is not in- tended to give here a description of the processes of chromo-lithography. Suffice it to say that the design made by the black man is reproduced on three other stones by the yellow man, the red man and the blue man, When the four stones ure finished they are put into four great presses, one carrying black ink, another yellow, a third red and the fourth blue. Each white sheet that is to.receive the picture must pass through all four presses. The yellow is put on first, it being the foundation color; then the red, next the black and finally the blue. Stones with a very fine grain are used for flesh tints and delicate tones. To Make the Designs. The designing of display bills is a peculiar branch of art requiring a special sort of training. A practiced boy can do much bet- ter at it than a first-rate artist who has made no stucy of the subject. Really good painters sometimes apply at the factories for employment, but they are incapable without serving an apprenticeship. The pay for this kind of work is gocd. There are half a dozen men in New York who average 3100 a week as sketchers. It is hard to se- cure good operators in this ne who are steady. They are rather apt to have a weakness for rum, relinquishing their tasks at inopportune moments to go off on ex- tended sprees, For some reason unknown, genius and whisky seem to have a mutual affi ‘The business of advertising by ins of colored lithographs is steadily growing and assuming new development. Nowadays a man who wants to put a new lard on the market will spend 000 or $20,000 off-hand on display bills. rette manufacturer will placard the znd de s of every town in t country wi utifully executed poste that cost 15 or 20 cents apiece. The item of show bills will cost a big circus $3,000 a for a season of twenty weeks. Before s will be transferred to the litho- phic stone directly by photography. his is already being tried, but it is hard to +t large negatives that are distinct enough for the purpese. The difficulty will be over- come eventually. A large bill consisting of twenty-four sheets, each sheet four by six feet, costs $1.68. The bills turned out at the factory in New York are distributed by express, at the or- ders of the theatrical manager, to the vari- ous towns at which his company is to ap- pear. He knows how many cach place re- quires. There are so many blank walls, so snany fences available, and it pays to spend dust about ng in this or that locality. A “batch of lithographs is forwarded to a certain theater in Oshkosh, for example, and the theater places them in the hands of the local bill poster, whose vices it regularly employs. The ‘theater for the posting of the bills, perhaps or $40 a week,depending on the character of the shows. For Patti very little advertis- ing weuld be done. ‘The advance agent of the company ar- rives in town a week or ten days ahead of the company. He gives orders to the bill poster as to what parts of the city are to be billed, &c. The bill poster controls fe: and walls all over. When a new building goes up he rents the fence around It. His business is to keep an eye on and to secure all good places for pasting ad- vertisements. He has a board on which all the advertising spaces controlled by him are marked, with the dimensions of each, showing at a glance how many sheets each one will hold. Brass pegs show the present locations of bills for each theater that em- ploys him. Wooden pegs indicate the loca- tion of job work—i. e, commercial adver- tisements. ‘The Bill Bonrds. Thus, the bill poster knows just what space he has available and the location of every bill posted. On Wednesday after- noon he starts in to put out his work for the following week. On Friday, probably, the advance agent comes ih'and takes down from the board memoranda of the locations of his bills. If he has time he hires a buggy and drives around to look gt them. In case he finds a damaged sheet of a date missing he refers the matter to the bil poster for correction. The board ie is divided up into routes, each of which Is given to a man, who does the pasting, and is respon- sible for the work on his route. It is not uncommon for the bill poster to own the lumber in the fences on which his bills are pur it. For fences and dead w: bill poster usually han contracts by the . In pay- ment for the use of small surfaces in con- spicuous places he gives admission tickets to the theater. These gre called “bill board” tickets. Usually they are for Mon- day or Tuesday night, the desire being to fill the house well when the company opens. Small lithographs are made expressly for exposure in the windows of saloons and shops. Date slips are printed, to be pasted on them. For the exhibition of these, which are distributed by the advance agent, ad- mission tickets are given. ’ semmsceoaeneida a HYMNS FOR THE PEOPLE. © Have Touched the Heart Like Those of BIL Fannie Crosby. From the Philadelphia Press. Wherever the religion of Christ has found -| lodgment the countless songs of Fannie Crosby have brought comfort to Christian hearts. From the depths of her own great affliction—she has been sightless nearly all her life—she has brought words of cheer, so sweetly phrased that they have been translated into a dozen other tongues, that their balm may not be denied to any na- tion, And now, though seventy-four years old, her fancy is as fertile and her pen as ready as ever in her busy life. She is an active worker, despite her age, and seldom does a week pass without she turns over to her publishers five or six of her composi- tions. It was while in the Institution for the Blind in New York city that she began writing for publication. During the sum- mer of 1852 she wrote several songs for George F. Root. These included some which have since become widely known, among them “Honeysyckle Glen,” “Hazel Dell,” “Rosalie, the Prairie Flower,” World, Good-bye, I'm Going Home, “There's Music in the Air.” The words of the cantatas “Pilgrim Fathers” and “The Fiower Queen” were also written by her at about this period. Previous to this time she had published two volumes of her poems, “The Blind Girl and Other Poems” in 1844, and “Monterey and Other Poems” In 1849, A third volume, “A Wreath of Columbia's Flowers,” followed during the year of her marriage, which took place in 1858. Her husband was Alexander Van Alstyne. To enumerate the good done by her songs would be impossible, but a few instances will prove interesting. There is one told of “Pass Me Not, Oh, Gentle Savior,” in which it is said that a man who had been a stranger to a church for fifty years heard @ group of children singing: Pass me not, oh, gentle Savior, Hear my humble cry; While on others Thou art calling, Do not pass me by. The man paused and listened. The cry seemed to come from his heart. reason with himself that he had no clothes to go to church, but the argument would not hold. At that very place he dropped his old life and took up the better one he had laid down fifty years before. At an- other time, says a writer in thé New York Advertiser, when leaving one of Sankey’s Northfield meetings, a woman rushed up to her, and, seizing her hand, coyered it with Kisses, saying impulsively as she did so: “Oh,*I thank you so much for writing ‘Safe in the Arms of Jesus.’ It' was the last thing my mother sang before she went home.” - ss DICKEN HOW WORKED. An Insight Into the Methods of the Author of Pickwick. From Harper's Young Peo) It is always interesting to, learn how famous authors went to work to write some of the great books t! aré so Well known to us. Here is a little insight Into Charles Dickens’ methods. H In the first place he conceived the plan of the story. Then he thought it out care- fully and fixed the plot carefully in his mind. This completed, he made his skeleton from which to work in his details; and then came the detailed work of the book. The manuscript of “Our Mutual Friend” formed two large quarto volumes, bound in brown morocco. At the beginning of the first volume there is an outline of the story which covers sixteen pages. The following passages convey a good nection of the whole: OUR MUTUAL FRIEND.—No. 1. CHAPTER IL. On the Lookout. The man in his boat watching the tides. The Gaffer—Gaffer—Gaffer Hexham— Hexham. z His daughter rowing. Jenn, or Lizzie. Taking the body in tow. His dissipated partner has “robbed a live man!” Riders hood—this feltow’s name. CHAPTER IL. The Man From Somewhere. The entirely new people. Everything new. Grandfather new—if they had one.* Dinner party. Twemlow, Podsnap, Lady Tippins, Alfred Lfghthouse, also Eugene Mortimer, languid, and tells of the Dust Contractor. Four Books. I. The Cup and the Lip. Feather. Ill. A Long Lane. ing. Sentences such as this appear on the mar- gin: “Work in the girl who was to have been married and made rich. paren FROWS MIDGET BABIES. Il. Birds of a Iv. A Turn- MRS. One Weighed Eight Ounces and An- other Eleven Ounces at Birth. From the New York Daily News. A dispatch from New Orleans says that George From, an employe of the Crescent City Railroad Company, is the father of the smallest baby ever born, It is a boy of perfect form and weighs but nine ounces. It is in the best of health, cries lustily and feeds ravenously. Mr. From is forty-five years old, weixhs 175 pounds, while the mother is forty-four and tips the scales at 125 pounds. She ts in the best of health and vigorous, after hav- lug given birth to seventeen children dur- ing her married iife of twenty-two years. Once there were triplets, and at another time twins were born. The dispatch errs in one statement, and that is that this is the smallest baby ever born, for Mrs. From has given birth to two other liliputians, one of which was smaller than the one just born. In 1879, before the ith avenue elevated railway was completed above 104th street, a car driver-jumped off his car in front of the Daily News office, and asked to see a reportef. He said his wife just given birth, td a midget smaller than the late Lucia Zarrette, who was then supposed to be the smallest crea- ture alive of the human spe¢fes.. The reporter found the From, family in Lawrence street, above 127th street, which was then almost a wilderness. (There in a little old-fashioned house, in a.'tiny doll's crib, rested the smallest specimen of human flesh ever recorded. It was, thefi thirty-six hours old and weighed precisely eight ounces. It was the wonder of the neigh- borkced, and the surprise was \s0 great to the doctor in attendance that a delicate set of driggists’ scales were Borfpwed with which to again try the avoirdupois of the youngster, who was just as chipper as a bouncing ten-pounder. wae Several years went by, and ome day the same News reporter accidentally ran across From on the forward end ofa street car in Minneapolis, Minn., which he was driving. On being accosted, he said: “Come up to my house next week. There is to be an nteresting event there, and in- dicaticns suggest that the child will be an- vther midget. From said that his wife had siven birth to several children in the in- terim after leaving New York, but. tha‘ they were all of a normal size. Sure enough, when the ever.tful time arrived, it proved 'to be a who tipped the scale at a trifle over eleven ounces. The rigorous winters of Minnesota proved too strong for the little fellow, and again the Frcms Gisappeared, and were not heard from tntil now, when the advent of the third liliputtan brings them again before the public down in the crescent city. IMPROPER AND DEFICIENT CARE OF THE Ip will cause grayness of the hair and bald- n pe both by the use of that reliable specific, Hall's Hair Renewer. ‘AR, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1894—EIGHTEEN PAGES. FOREST AND FIRES Centuries. A SERIOUS LOSS IN SOIL DESTRUCTION Plans for Rep'acing the Waste on the Treeless Plains. THE VALUE OF FORESTS Written for The Evening Star. ILL THE GREAT Weorest fires of 1894 teach us a lesson?” Professor Fernow, the government's chief forestry expert, shook his head in re- his own doubt “Yet “y preventable, if only laws were made pro- viding for proper su- : : pervision and control of the wooded lands of the country. “You must remember that the loss by fire, great as it is, is insignificant in com- parison with the damage done to the soil. To create a mold one foot deep requires from three to five centuries. In a few hours it is burned up and the land is rendered unavailable for agriculture. It is roughly reckoned that every year in the United States fifteen million acres of forest are swept by flames, involving an immediate loss of $35,000,000, By these disasters the economic development of entire regions is retarded and jeopardized. Respecting the influence of fire on subsequent forest growth, I will refer you to an eminent au- thority on this subject, Professor Sargent. If a forest is destroyed by fire, all the trees, old and young, giants ready for the ax and germinating seedlings—the embryo forests of succeeding centuries—are swept away. The undergrowth needed to protect the very yeung trees, the roots of perennial herbage, and the seeds of all plants are consumed. The ability of the burned soil to produce again a crop of trees similar to the one de- stroyed is lost, and the subsequent recover- ing of burned land with the species of the original forest is accomplished, if accom- plished at all, through the restoration of fertility following the slow growth and de- cay of many generations of less valuable plants. “The pine and spruce forest, when de- stroyed by fire, is succeeded by a growth of brambles in time replaced by dwarf birch, poplar and bird cherries, of no economic value. Scrub oaks follow these, and the pine rarely reappears. In regions that are continually burned over and covered again with forests, as in parts of Kentucky and Tennessee, valuable species like the white oak end yellow poplar are scarce or en- tirely wanting in the new growth. Profes- sor Sargent calls attention to the fact that the forests of the Northern Pacific coast of- fer an exception to the law, otherwise gen- * thae chemee af for: crop follows a forest fire. The fir forests of west Wash- Migcon and Uregon, when destroyed by nre, are quickly replaced by a vigorous growth of the same species, and the fires which have consumed great bodies of the Califor- nia redwood have not prevented the repro- duction of those trees by seeds and shoots. Causes of Forest Fires, “Investigations made by the Department of Agriculture appear to show that most fires of this kind are caused by farmers who, in clearing land, allow the fire to escape into the forest. Careless hunters come next in degree of responsibility for such d'sasters, They leave fires burning in abandoned camps, because they do not care to take the trouble to put them out. Rail- Ways, of course, are accountable for the destruction of great areas of forest an- nually. They should be compelled to use spark-arresters, and to pay for the harm they do in this way. Forest fires are fre- quently occasioned by no human agency, but by lightning, and it has been alleged that they are sometimes caused by the spontaneous combustion of decomposing pyrites. Forest fires and their effects may be studied to the greatest advantage in that great belt of coniferous trees which stretches through the British possessions in the north- ern part of this continent, 4,000 miles from the east coast of Labrador to the Rocky mountains, continuing beyond to Alaska. This belt, averaging about 700 miles in width, consists chiefly of spruce, tamarack, pine fir and cedar. The open spaces are covered with reindeer mosses, which in summer are as dry and inflammable as tinder, The Indian hunter of that region, knowing how destructive forest fires are to the animals on which he depends for food and furs, takes all possibte care to prevent them. The country has not been invaded to any extent by white men, yet fire runs through every part of it at one period or another. It is said that these fires are caused by lightning usually. “The best authority on those great woods of the north ts Robert Bell of Ottawa. He asserts that fires are actually necessary for the reproduction of some of the trees. The cones of the Banksian pines never open unless they are scorched. But when fire Sweeps through the forest the cones of this species gape, and the seeds which they con- tain are scattered by the wind. It is this kind of pine that first clothes areas that have been reduced to nakedness by the flames. Fire may be set in those northern woods at a season when it will not run, but it is astonishing how long it will smolder in the deep moss and under logs and roots, until, after weeks or perhaps months, a dry time comes, and a favoring wind fans it into activity. The heaviest rains and the snows of a whole winter sometimes fail to extinguish or smother these smoliering fires. The trees newly killed by fire are quickly attacked by boring beetles, which, finding thus an inexhaustible supply of food, swarm in the forests of that region, the creaking noise of millions of their larvae making an incessant chorus.” Cultivating Trees. If loft without interference by man, na- ture would keep the entire earth covered with forests, save only in a few localities. There is exceilent cause for believing that the great central plains of the United States were not always treeless, and that their nakedness might once more be cov- ered by the adoption of proper means to that end. The barrenness occasioned by prairie fires and herds of trampling buffalo may yet be made fruitful. Once let woods be spread over the now arid prairies of the west, and there would be rain in plenty re. A step preliminary should be the ablishment in that region of arboreta, where experiments could be made for the purpose of finding out what trees were best adapted. But nothing effective can be ac- complished so long as the reckless ax, fire and marauding animals are permitted to do mischief unimpeded. In the southern states, particularly, the custom prevails of turning domestic animals into the forest to pick up a precarious live- Mhood. Sheep, cattle and horses devour im- mense numbers of seedling trees, which should represert the future forests of the country. Hogs root up the young pines to feed on the succulent roots. The thin-shelled seeds of pines, white oaks, chestnuts and beeches are eaten. Thus worthless black oaks and other bitter-fruited trees are sub- stituted in the woods for sweet-fruited and valuable species. Prof. Sargent says that the forests in the mountain regions are essential to prevent destructive torrents and to maintain the flow of the rivers. Their inaccessibility has preserved them to some extent, but they are being invaded by fire and the ax. This sig- nifies the ruin of great rivers for naviga- tion, the destruction of cities along their banks and the spoliation of agricultural lands. These mountain forests once de- stroyed can only be renewed slowly and at vast expense. Other forests may be re- stored, if the price of lumber warrants the cultivation of trees as a commercial enter- prise, but if the forests which control the flow of the great rivers of the country per- ish, the whole community will suffer a calamity which no measures taken after the mischief has done can avert. What Coal Veins Show. During the coal-forming epoch the earth How the Flames Undo the Work of ee 7 i ii i He be f : 5 8 g j 5 5 5 iH i ct E RENE BACHE. ——+o-+_____ ICIANS’ FAT FEES. Royalty Pays Well When the Doctor Becomes Necessary. Some of the fees paid by: royalty have been eminently befitting the giver and tak- er, says Dr. Shrady in the Forum. The late physician to the Prince of Wales received for four weeks’ attendance at Sandringham, during the illness of his distinguished pa- tent from typhoid fever, not only the usual title of baronet, but a fee of £10,000. Sir Morell Mackenzie is reported to have re- ceived more than twice this amount for his treatment of the late Emperor Freder- ick of Germany. Dimsdale, a prominent practitioner of London in 1762, was called thence to St. Petersburg to vaccinate the Empress Catherine II, for which he received not only the equivalent of $50,000, but an extra $10,000 for traveling expenses, the title of baron and a life pension of $2,500 yearly. His royal highness the Nawab of Rampur, India, recently paid an English army surgeon £50,000 for a three months’ occasional attendance in an ordinary at- tack of rheumatism. The late Sir Andrew Clark, Gladstone's physician, often charged $1,000 for running down from London to Liverpool, and the late Sir Will'em ¢yull commanded equally high rates for simiiar services. A Russian surgeon charged a wealthy notable of Odessa $6,000 for open- ing an abscess of the hip, the tine oceu- pied being about ten minutes An4 better still, while on the same visit, he took a chance shot at another patient in the shape of a similarly simple operation, for which he received nearly $1,500 more, certainly enough extra to pay the “fee of the railway porter on his homeward journey. But in all this it is not so much the doing as in knowing how to do. When the French peasant said there was not 10 cents’ worth of paint on Rosa Bonheur’s “Horse Fair,” he was incapable of valuing high art. “Five dollars for amputating the leg,” said the surgeon, “and nine hundred and ninety- five for knowing how,” and the victim was thankful accordingly. WHEN THE HAIR TURNS GRAY. Hints as to Its Proper Care—Don’t Try to Color It. Concerning gray hair, says a writer in the Detroit Free Press, there seems to be no rational theory for change in the color of the hair, except that of loss of pigment color and presence of gaseous matter in the hair shaft. This may be the result of natural or artificial causes. Probably among Americans the early age at which the hair blanches is due largely to nervous conditions. Mental and physical disturbances undoubt- edly often affect the secreting apparatus of the hair, destroying coloring matter, for history records instances of the change of hair from dark to white in a single night through the cerebral excitement of some great loss, bodily or mental anguish; neither can coloring matter, once entirely destroy- ed, be restored. Do not believe the quacks who pretend to restore gray hair to the youthful color in any other way than by dyeing, for science has not yet discovered a method by which pigment, once entirely exhausted, can be renewed. Dark hair may be bleached, but no sane persons could be deceived by the duH, lusteriess yellow of hair so treated, neither does dye deceive any one, and a woman who would look charming with a head of white hair kept perfectly clean and fluffy with legitimate treatment, becomes disgusting when she resorts to such flagrantly artificial means for keeping the hair dark or blond. When one's hair turns gray attention should be directed toward keeping it scru- pulously clean; toward keeping the com- Plexion delicate and fine with color, the eyes bright, and the expression animated; for a brilliant face, framed by snowy hair, ha: peculiar charm, if the hair be abund- ant and becomingly arranged. ———_ +e Barred Ou: HORSFORD’S ACID PHOSPHATE A Health T 5 Used in place of lemons or lime juice, it will harmonize with such to take. ite as are Children Must Now Eat Well and Digest Well in Order to Live. if fists ri t Ath Hf ERLE Hi F i HF H fee fi e i E i f Hl gas gg #6 gf 5 i F ay Re il Ue i ga FT ul 58 i 2fF or it the infant stomach, weak: the high temperature, is irritat cannot digest and assimilate sufficient keep baby strong and healthy. Physicians called in such eases put the child on BaF i feet lactated food is more converted inte vigorous blood than any ether ‘upon which « child can be fod. It ts, im fact, the Rearest possible substitute for healthy mcther’s milk. Its parts are well nigh fdentical with baby's earliest and best food, bealthfal breast milk. Babies that seem to mothers to take “hard- ly enough nourishment to keep them clive” heartily when fed on lactated food, because that sreat object of a successful infant food has been thoughtfully attained it pleases the infant taste and induces the child to eat heartily. Babies are safely and readily weaned during the i 8 valids who have slight energy to extract strength and nutrition from ordinary coarse, hearty food. Lactated food is used in all rhe iarge homes for children throughout the United States and Canada, and in families possessing every means for securing the best for their children; and yet within the reach of the most modest the land. ‘For Outside ‘Lighting ~ & more brilliant Ught. Rented or sold. Appliance Exchange, 3 1428 N. Y. Ave. 3 Ceo CCee® “To know the Wilson Shee is to Jove it."* SCHOOL SHOES. Mothers @ock to our store in such crowds for — «omfortal the only ones who sol: ington. " “Beautiful, comfortalie 5 prices; courteous md eagerness to exchamx that's what fetches ‘er. Factory, WILSON’S, “Shoemaker for tender feet,” 929 F St. | seee seee cease seer Wilson's g hat Beverage Is | “More Delightful! Tian PALMER'S BELFAST GINGER ALE? It's a delictous, healthful @rink—one sulted to all occasions. This ale 6 made of the parest, most | wholesome ingredients, and EQUALS THE IMPORTED to every pect. Palmer’sBelfast | * Gi ngerAle,7sc.doz.’ Comes in two sizes. $1.50 donen = quert bottles. TSe. dozen, im im- Perted ale size bottles. EF Order from your grocer or here direct. Same prices. Samuel! C. Palmer, Manufacturer of Soda and Mineral Waters. DEPOL, 615-621 D ST. 5.W. "Phone 480, aio = Away Back tin Bible Times The people wore sandals, but they are out of style now. We have Ladies’ Shoes, thongh, that are nearly as easy on the fect as sandals, and they Jook ever so much bet Ove style is a LARGE BUTTON SHOF, a $3.50 shoe most everywhere, bat our price is only $2 ‘On the 2th of September a RRAU- TIFUL SILVER SET will be given away to one of our customers ne an advertisement. Come see it. | i SOOFPECOLIOTM DOOD seaweed SeOooeesoosooess 4 oThe Warren Sho House,? 2 > 2d GRO. W. RICH, 919 F ST. 4 SIPSOOOS PS OSLO SE SO FS OOSOOOD Bargain In Hair Switches. $2.50, Was $5.00. $4.50, Was $6.00. $6.5c, Was $10.00. ti iso largere= In all shades; a ductions in Gray Switches. Hair Dressing, Cutting and Shampooing in best manner by competent artists at S. Helier’s, 720 7th St. Bargains in Lamps. FINE CREST PORCELAIN TABLE LAMPS IX CREAM COLOR. PINK OULOR.. These Lamps are worth $4.00 and $6.00 You fine tone Lamps and Shade to twateh, wita rners like Rochester. Goud chance to buy Christ- 1 present in advance. ed .~Muddiman,614 1athSt. 126