Evening Star Newspaper, January 12, 1894, Page 9

THE EVENING STAR. ne PUBLISHED DAILY EXCEPT SUNDAY. sTaR > Hx A), emit « at as second-class mali matter.) ng “Eatas of advectising made known ae apeticatior Pastis. The Fy ening Slar. Pages Soe WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, JANUARY 12, 1894-TWELVE PAGES. AMUSEMENTS. AMUSEMENTS. EDUCATIONAL. ALBAUGH'S GRAND OPERA HOUSE. WILLARD HALL. ee IN WASHINGTON. > TWO MORE NIGHTS. MME. TAYLOR ‘TEACHES VOCAL, _ PLANO, PROF, CARPENTER 'S theory. ‘Training the volce for opera aud con: YPNOTISM-——-MESMERISM. cert & specialty. Only ‘teacher alpabettc MANSFIELD AND STOCK COMPANY, TONIGHT AT 8, PRINCE KARL Saturday Matinee. Saturday Evening. Dit.” JEKY Next Week—THE COUN tte: including All new JOE DARBY. Ch mpion Jumper of the Seg BEAU BRUMMELL. LL AND MR. HYDE. ‘TRY CIRCUS. Pure Food Exposition This afternoon and evening CONVENTION HALL, 5th and L Sts. N.W. COOKING LECTURES By Miss Helen Louise Johnson! EVERY AFTERNOON AT 3:30 O'CLOCK. Marine Band Concerts. Special FOR TONIGHT. YREE EXHIBITION OF Admission, cents. ed Seats, "G0 cents, ja12-2t METZEROTT MUSIC HALL. Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 18, In bis rewest, most eloquent and most cbarac- teristic lecture, “Russia and the Czar.” Pronounced by press and public to be bis best. This will be the only opportunity this year to hear the eloquent divine. Tickets, 50, 75e., $1 and $1.50. Now on sale at Metzerott’s music store. JaG-tt THE HOUSE IN WHICH ABRAHAM LINCOLN 516 10th M st., now contains over 2,500 relics of Mr, most of them from the “Homestead” at ‘Open daily, except Surday, 12 and 1-4. Tues tnd Fridays, $10 pun “Tintcton “20 "cote EXCURSIONS. fc. BY RAIL TO | Mount Vernon, TOMB OF WASHINGTO’ ‘Take trains Pennsylvania depot 8:40, 9:45, 10:45 &.m., 12:01, 1:00 and 2:11 p.m. Also via ferry to Alexandria, 7th st. wharf, at 9:30, 11:30 a.m., and 1:30 p.m. Fare, round trip, 50 cents. Grounds open 11 am. to 4 p.m. a22-tf STEAMER MACALESTER TO MOUNT VERNON. ‘Tomb of Washington. Daily (except Sunday), At 10 a.m., returning by 2:45 p.m FARE. ROUND TRIP, 50 CENTS. Admission to rounds, 25 cents. Tickets, with Mount Vernon admission coupon, for sale at wharf and at hotels. Monitor & Merrimac Fight | wm atso mate river tandings as tar as Glymont, Admission to All,25 cents. jal.-tf —— Point BANJO THOROUGHLY TAUGHT BY NOTE OR oon simplified method: only $7 per quarter. I guar- to teach the most unmusical person to rfect tune each lesson by my simple or no charge. Purlors epea from 10 a.m. GEORGE DRAEGER, G81 I ot. nw. ME. ALBERT W. PELKA'S DANCING ACADEMY, Haines’ Hall. WEDNESDA and SATURDAY EVENINGS. For particulars apply at the aca- jal0-3t* ORIGINAL FOOD EXPOSITION Opens January 15, 1894. ALBAUGH’S OPERA HOUSE «Ww. L. L ARMORY). MRS. S. T. RORER Wil Demonstrate GIG ART COOKERY. The Royal Hungarian Band (THE ROMANYS), (From the Eden Musee, New York), Season tickets for the course of MRS. RORER'S \detures on sale at Metzerott's Music Store. F. L. MAGUIRE, Manager. W. ANDREW BOYD, Treasurer. Jal0-tf NATIONAL THEATER. bs Every Evening and Saturday Matinee. BELASCO AND FYLES’ AMERICAN PLAY, THE GIRL 1 LEFT BEHIND ME. T= VON VONSON, "sa oy now on sale at bor office. Comedy. acaLEmy. : Matinee Saturday a MR. CLARENCE EL F Presenting the Young Romantic Actor, Vroom ,.”" Company INCLUDING MISS FFOLLIOTT PAGET, In Hugo's Masterpiece, RUY BLAS. ‘A Complete Production. ‘omp! Coatumes Historically Correct. WEE! HOYT'SATEMPERANCE TOWN EDWARD now on sale at box office. PARLOR TALK INVENTOL Prof. 0. T. Mason of the lecture at the ¥ Ld RIDAY, January 12, 1594, 0. 7. Smithsonian Institu- M. CA. 1409 New it nw pm. subject, “INVENTORS.” The fncluding ladies,’ {s invited. Admission fal0-3t_ | THEATER. | Week commencing Monday, Jan. 8. Usual matinees, Tues., Thurs. and Sat. WALTER SANFORD'S Power of Gold. Ja9-5t Next_week—Struggles of Life. METZEROTT MUSIC HALL, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 15, LL Ne AND COMPANION ENTERTAINER, WM. HAWLEY sMITH. SEATS 50 AND 75 CTS, NOW ON SALE. $a9-5t WESER'S SOCIETY ORCHESTRA FURNISHES music for receptions, germans, &e. Orders left | at Louis Weber's, 505 L st. a. or) a Music Store’ will receive prompt attention. | S-1m* GREAT SACRED CONCERT iven at Harris’ Bijou Theater on SUN- | January 14, at 8 o'clock, by a great! German company TONIGHT AT 8. Matinee Tomorrow at THE PERFECTION OF VAUDEVILLE ART, FRED WALOMANN’S SPECIALTY COMPANY. EUROPE'S REPRESENTATIVE ARTISTS. AMERICA’S EMINENT STARS. | Next Week—C. W. WILLIAMS’ COMPANY. Zo “THE LAST DAYS OF THE CONFEDERACY.” Eucampuient No. G9, Union Veteran Legion, The Confederate Veterans’ Associatg Respectfully snvounee that they have eocered tee| . | 20 cts. Services of GEN. JOHN B. GURDON, extra, to be bad only at ats. = bis celebrated | 3 OF THE CONFEDEKA¢ 1 seats will begin Jan. 10, ueral admission Ne Who will, delive: “THE LAST DAY: members ef the Union Veteran Legion and a Veterans’ Assoriations. N.B.—No reserved seats will be sold after 7! b-@. ov 26th, aud none will be suld at the | aytd ! college Prine can be ‘obtained > for freight and passengers both ways. sel8 LL BLAKE, Capt. TALLY HO COACH LINE DAILY, 10 A. from 511 13th st.—Arlington, Cabin J. of interes earth. Finest Tally oe 19-3m* MEMORY ‘CULTURE.—PROF. A. S. BOYD WILL be at 922 F st. n.w. for a few days only. Any one desiring to take instruction or consult him should call at once. jal2-21 3 Art Lectures. JANUARY 13. MR. F. HOPKINSON SMITH, “HALF WAY—A MIDDLE GROUND IN ART.” FEBRUARY 10, MR. WILLIAM A. COFPIN, “LANDSCAPE WORK.” MARCH 10, MR. JOHN ©. VAN DYKE. “PORTRAIT PAINTLN! For sale at Art Students’ League, S0S 17th st. n.w., or Builders’ Exchange Hall, 719 13th st., on evening of lecture. Jja8-6t EDUCATIONAL. IN WASHINGTON, PRIVATE LESSONS IN MATHEMATICS; MODERN dat es and studies; by an Ga Address IN- Ja engi tutor; university graduate. STRUCTOR, Star office. PIANG INSTRUCT! ‘MISS MAY H. MEAD, certificated pupil of Herr Kaif of the Royal Con- set Berlin. Lessons rvatory of Berl at pupils’ homes if desired.” 2001 I st me aan NEW TERM OPENS JANUARY 2, 1894. JAN. 2 ‘Will be a cood time to enter Wood's Commercial en 407 East Capitol st. All = = iu will be allowed a discount _tent. Day and evening sessions. a PROF. J. PRANCIS GERMUILLER, TEACHER OF per acs piano, ‘organ, vocal music and ‘harmony; espe- cially attentive to bezinners as well as to pupils inced. 611 I we se25-4m* IN; EXPERIENCED EDU- , mathematics, Eug. branches, writing, Freuch, German, elocution und physical culture; complete college preparation; wai pupils, a specialty. Address TUTOR, ‘Star office. MISS C. MATILDA MINKE. 312 DELAWARE AVE. Be., graduate of the New Eng. Conservatory of Music, Boston, organist and experienced teacher of piano and harmony. oc24-3m* FRENCH CLASSES FOR BEGINNERS AND AD. vanced pupils; new term, January 3. Easy and attractive method. MLLE. V. PRUD' HOMME, B07 D st. nw. ai3-1m* BANJO TAUGHT BY YOUNG LADY OF EX ris lesson, or $10 per 50c. per lence. ter. Call or 1 1406 Columbi: pel uarter. 12-1m* it. ow. OLNEY INSTITUTE, 1827 School for I st. Young ladies and little girls. Miss Virginia Mason Doi Miss Lau Dor FOR YOUN AND LITTLE MME. TAYLOR TEACHES VOCAL, PIANO, theory. Training the voice for opera aud con cert a specialty. Only teacher using alj habetic ff. 516 110 method,doing away with notes and sta! si GAILLARD SCHOOL OF LANG 906 F ST. Modern languages taught by Gaillard method, comprising & series of text bouks published. 0} Appleton & Cv., an entirel ical, selentifie and aest syste minister of public ¥ the celebrated Sorbonne ay the onl: hetic oue ‘ in- ‘ords GUNSTON INSTITUTE, 2926 Boarding and Day Sei ma Mr. and Mrs, B. R. MA! 1864 EDUCATION FOR REAL LIFE -1804 FOR SONS AND DAUGHTERS. THE SPENCERIAN BUSINESS COLLEGE, Na- and 2928 P st. o.w. bool for Girls. tional Bank of the Republic and D sts. n. building, comer 7th .W. Day and night sessions began September 4." Practical English, Po pee ss ‘pencertan rapid writing: mechant- eal and architectural drawing. Corps of ten thoroughly trained teachers. Location central. Services of graduates always in demand. ce open every business day and night. Write or call for new annual announcement. Mrs. SARA A. SPENCER, Tel. call 1084. (oc1@) Principal and Proprietor. COLUMBIA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE, La. ave.. bet. 6th und 7th sts. nw. C.K. URNER, A.M, ¢.B. Twenty-third year as 4 suceessf educator: eighth year in this city years with Eastman College. Six t bh and practical courses: Business, English, accountancy, civil service, shorthand and typewriting. Learn the and typewriter; the quickest preparation for the office; complete course, $15. Shorthand dictations by ‘competent readers and the phonograph; irdividual instruction by ex- perienced reporters Graduates of rare excellence and distinguished success; moderate prices: send for catalogue. 026 ; Norwood institute, 14TH STREET AND MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, | 30 Mr. and M.s. W. D. CABELL, Wrincipals. IVY INSTITUTE BUSINESS COLLEGE, «8. W. COR. STH AND K STS. N. W. Course of justrnetion equals that ef agy business in Washington; terms lower. pal has been ‘a well-known, reliabie and succegsful Washington educator for’ 17_yeat Ful business course, day or uight, $25 a keeplog, ne stamm: ter writing, penmanshi, typewriting, shorthand, iplomas abd, positions for graduates,” Central lo- ation. Experienced teachers. Send for announce- ment. S. W. FLYNN, nt ACADEMY OF THE HOLY CROSS, 1312 MASS. AVE. A day school for young ladies and little girls. ‘The cours> of study embraces atl the branches of a practical education. au31-6m MISS BALCH’S CIVIL SER AND Business College, 1207 10th nw. Pupils prepared successfully for civil service, departmental and census examinat: Stenography taught. se2-tr shorthand and | method without ‘notes, 516 11th st. n.w.d30-1m* FOR THE STAGE. Ladies and gentlemen to join dramatic club _apply by letter K. tar office, jall-3t* BANJO! BANJO! BANJO! CORRECTLY by note or simplitied method: years’ experience. Parlors open until 9 p.m. IRGE DRABGER, Jali-2m PHONOGRAPHY.—LEARN THE EASIEST and best system of shorthand. Profictency reach- in from two to three months. ‘The oldest ex- ; fherthand and typewriting school in the ACME SCHOOL OF HUNOGRAPHY. 1110 * 0-1m* MOUNT VERNON SEMINARY, M and 11th s Boarding and Day School for Young Ladies and Little Girls. ‘Thoroughly modern and progressive in meth- ods and spirit. Primary, secondary and colle- giate classes, Spring tern: begins February 1. MRS. ELIZABETH J. SOMERS, Jav-tt Principal. MISS” FRANCES MARTIN'S ENGLISH AND FRENCH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, Q st. nw. 1205 French kindergarten. Boarding pupils limited. 426-1 WASHINGTON CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, 1225 10th n.w. Twenty-fifth year. Piano, organ, voice, violin, flute, cornet, ge. advan’ to pupils. 0. B. BULLARD, Director. " THE BEST IS THE CHEATEST Does not mean ‘The BEST ts the MOST COSTLY. IVY INSTITUTE BUSINESS COLLEGE has GOOD methods and LOWEST prices, educates for honest success in Mfe. ALWAYS BEST INSTRUCTION. NEVER EXCESSIVE CHARGES. Fall business course, day or night, $25 a year. ‘The Typewriting and Shorthand course, $15. Bookkeeping, arithmetic, spelling, grammar, let- ter writing, penmanship, ‘business ‘forms, commer- cial law and all business subjects. Best location. Established 1876. Diplomas and_ positions for graduates. Send for anncurcement. S. W. FLYNN, A My ghtinelpal, sw. cor. Sth and K sts. mw, ine es d6-2m' SEASON. portrait, oils, water fe. Evening classes—Antique and men’s life. For circulars send to oc3-tf 808 17th st. nw. MISS AMY Fe T, 1121 VERMONT AVE. N.W. PIANO AND HARMONY, se21-tf LESSONS ON T! JANKO KEYBOARD. LANGUAGES. THE BERLITZ SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES, 723 14th st. nw. Branches in all American and Ew Principal cities. New term begins now. MME. J. ESPUTA DAL’ Classes ip reading music at ‘The note cha! qstem, Mme. Daly todorsed J. P. Sousa Others of note and fame. d6-3mo STUDIO, 224 N. J. AVE. N.W. ‘T OF WASHINGTON. Thoroughly and practicall, | HENCE SCHOOL, 106 West 4 im* ht at the LAW- it..New York eity. AGAINST THE INCOME TAX. Action Taken by the New York Cham- ber of Commerce. A special meeting of the New York cham- ber of commerce was held yesterday after- noon at the rooms of the chamber,on Nassau street. The meeting was held to consider the propriety of an income tax. The following resolution was adopted after discussion: Whereas, In the opinion of the chamber of commerce of the state of New York the proposal to impose an income tax is unwise, unpolitic and unjust, for the following rea- sons: 1, Experience during our late war fully | demonstrated that an income tax was in- quisitorial and odious to our people, and only tolerated as a war measure, and was abrogated by universal consent as soon as the condition of the country permitted. 2. Experience has also shown that it Js expensive to put in operation; that it can- not be fairly collected, and is an unjust distribution of the burdens of taxation, and promotes evasion of the law. 3. The proposal to exempt incomes under $4,000 is purely class legislation, which is socialistic and vicious in its temdency and contrary to the conditions and principles of republican government. 4. The chamber recognizes that it is the duty of Congress to provide for the ex- penses of the government by appropriate legislation; but they believe, without dis- tinction of party lines and irrespective of their individual views and opinions as to high or low tariff, that in addition to an internal revenue tax the necessary expenses of the government should be collected through the custom house; therefore, Resolved, That the Senators and Repre- sentatives in Congress from the state of New York be requested to strenuously op- pose all attempts to reimpose an income tax upon the people of this country. The following were the gentlemen who spokeron the resolution: Louis Windmuller, who proposed that a committee of five be appointed to urge all commercial bodies throught the country to take the same ac- tion; G. Waldo Smith, Jacob Schiff and A. Foster Higgins. to. soe NOT NOW INCLINED TO PEACE. | | |Proposition to Lessen Armament | Weald Not Be Accepted by Europe. | th the house of commons yesterday Mr. | William Byles, liberal, who is cditor and | Proprietor of the Bradford Observer, asked | if the government, before it embarked upon | costly naval expenditures, could see a way j to communicate with the other European powers with a view to establishing a poli- cy of mutual disarmament. Mr. Gladstone replied that the question Was one of great importance. He added: | “Lam not sure whether the house ts aware that when the Earl of Clarendon was for- eign secretary he made an attempt in this irection. I do not know that it was done in a strictly official sense, and it was ¢here- fore not made the subject of a document communicating the fact to parliament. The rl of Clarendon received an encouraging swer from the great European govern- ments. He was unable to carry the matter further. I am bound to say that | am very doubtful whether the present occasion is one when such representations could be ad- | Vantageously made. + eee Miss Mary Cutler's Farm. From the Springtield Homestead. | Miss Mary Cutler, at Holliston, Mass., }owns and manages a nursery farm which | affords pleasure to all visitors and know!- ledge to many. Inheriting the homestead and business from her father nine years 0, She began the task of showing what |an intelligent, energetic woman may do, and has made money growing choice trees, | plants and flowers for sale. While all the | branches of the market gardening and — | nursery are under her supervision, she can all the ease of a | j entertain visitors with fashionable dame. She is a good musician, | paints pictures which would please an artist, and can converse upon any topic o. the day. Such a woman is not “buried” by being a profit-making farmer, ——_—__+0+- Where the Difference Was. m Li I cannot marry you, Mr. Albion. I have ‘looked up your ancestry and your grand- father was a tradesman.” “True, Marie; but we are cousins. (was your grandfather, too. | better born than 1?”" jare English. It is nothing for an American |to have had a grandfather in trade,~but for |an Englishman—oh! It’s awful!” He How are you | Teacher—“What was the significant fact lof Thomas Jefferson's death on lof July?” ate Bright “That he missed | works. the fire- Life. | THE CITIZENS’ ASSOCIATIO. Mr. Windmuller’s proposition was agreed | “You forget that I am American while you | SOME TELLING FACTS egies oss As to the Relations Between the Dis- trict and the Government, MEMORIAL In Opposition to the Bill Offered by De Armond. THE PAST AND THE PRESENT “The enactment of the De Armond bill withdrawing the 50 per cent contributed to the support of the District government by the general government would create a de- ficit of $2,594,012. This could only be re- duced by closing the schools, dismissing the police, stop street repairs and improve- ments or suspending payment of the inter- est of the funded debt.” These are the deductions arrived at by the special committee, composed of Gen. Wm. Birney, M. I. Weller, Archibald Green- less, E. P. Berry, J. W. Somerville, W. L. Cole and Gen. Ellis Spear, to which was in- trusted the duty of drafting a memorial to Congress against the De Armond bill. Rep- resentatives of nine citizens’ associations of Washington met in parlor E of the Ar- lington Hotel last night to listen to this report. ‘The following were present: East Wash- ington Association—J. W. Babson, M. I. Weller, Gen. Wm. Birney, A. F. Sperry. Northeast Washington Association—Evan H. Tucker, J. W. Frizzell, Walter A. John- ston, A. H. F. Holstein. Georgetown Association—F. L. Moorg, G. G. Boteler, G. W. King. Anacostia Association—J. W. B. Buckley, Carl W. Smith. Mt. Pleasant Association—Jas. W. Somer- ville, T. S. Exley, F. L. Campbell, N. E. Young, St. G. Raby. Brightwood Association—W. A. Gatley, A. S. King, T. L. Lay. South Washington Association—O, T. Thompson, J. Harrison Johnson, J. N. Birckhead. Takoma Association—Maurice Bien. Brookland Association—J. A. Massie. In the absence of Chairman Spear Mr. G. G. Boteler of the Georgetown Associa- tion, the vice chairman, called the meeting to order. A reading of the minutes by the secretary, Mr. Evan H.Tucker,followed a roll call, which showed twenty-seven present, representing the executive committees of nine citizens’ sociations. The chairman called for reports of committees. Under the call Gen. Wm. Birney arose and stated that the ‘ial committee to which the De Armond bill was referred for report was ready to submit its report. He was invited a kee The reading of the report, which was in the form of a memorial to Congress, occu- pied a large part of an hour, but it was an interesting document and intently listened to. The report is as follows: ‘To the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: This memorial show- eth: In the act of June 11, 1878, giving a rmanent form of government to the Dis- trict of Columbia, it is provided that the District Commissioners shall annually sub- mit, the Secretary of the Treasury revise, and the Commissioners transmit to Con- gress, estimates of the amounts necessary to defray the expenses of the District of Co- lumbia fo~ the next fiscal year and “to the extent to which Congress shall approve of said estimates, Congress shall propriate the amount of fifty per centum thereof; and the remaining fifty per centum of such ap- proved estimaies shall be levied and as- Sessed upon the taxable property and priv- ileges in said District other than the prop- erty of the United States and of the District of Columbia.” The above law was adopted at a time when the relations of the District and the capital city of the United States were fully understood. Five years of successive in- vestigations by Congress, conducted by its best talent and resulting in four large vol- umes of reports, numerous debates in the House and Senate and constant discussion by the public press, had made the whole nation familiar with District affairs. The law of 1878 was the expression of thorough- ly informed congressional wisdom and was accepted by the intelligent minds of the country as an equitable adjustment of a question which had been left for eighty- seven years without definite settlement. Not Adhered to. But the membership of Congress has greatly changed since 1878, and the facts then familiar to Senators and Representa- tives are remembered by only a few. It is chiefly to new members we owe the pass- jage of laws ignoring the annual estimates Tolson, R. half the expenditures for improvements not municipal but national, such as the one of April 30, 1800, making the District respon- sible for half the current expenses of the Zoological Park; the one of September 2 18), making the District responsible for $800,000, half the purchase money of the Rock Creek Park, and for half the annual expenses of its maintenance; the one of this | Congress, placing upon the District whole expense of opening North Capitol |street to the Soldiers’ Home; andthe one lof March 2, 1893, providing for the exten- sion of the Washington city plan of streets jand avenues over the suburban part of the District, at the sole cost of the District, |and private ownezs of land. All these are | departures from the text and the principle of the law of July 11, 187s. Last year sixty-one members of the House voted to reduce the annual appro- priation in question from 50 to 25 per cent, | and, at the present session, Mr. DeArmond, in bill No, 4562, proposes to repeal alto- gether the 50 per cent appropriation laws. The enactment of this bill would throw upon the 30,000 taxpayers of this District the whole expense of local improvements and administration, and would exempt from | taxation, or its equivalent, more than half the real estate values in the District limits. Such a system is without precedent, and, in the limit of experience and existing fact: must be pronounced an impracticable va- | gary. Mr. DeArmond’s bill to remove.the capital is its companion piece. The Financial Phases, We propose to pass in review the differ- ent methods used since 1757 by the national government for the regulation of its finan- cial relations with the capital city, to add a statement of existing conditions and to conclude with a presentation of the conse- quences of the innovation proposed by Mr. DeArmond. | 1, First period: 1787-1791—Congress shall have power “to exercise exclusive legisla- tion, in all cases whatsoever, over such Dis- | trict (mot exceeding ten miles square) as | may, by cession of particular states and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States,” | (Const., Art. 1, see. 8.) New York, Pennsyl- vania and Maryland were each willing to cede to the United States its chief commer- cial city to become the seat of government, but these and other cities were rejected, and it was determined to locate the District in an interior rural region, central and a cessible by tide-water, where the govern- ment might have not only exclusive juris- diction of ten miles square, but, without cost, the ownershijy of land enough to lay out its future capital on a scale of gran- deur unequaled in Europe. i Owing chiefly to the influence of Wash- ington, the present site was chosen. He jad hunted over it, surveyed parts of it, re- sided near it, and was familiar with its vantages and disadvantages. Its extensive water front was"partiy covered by marshes. Its undulating high grounds in the north the | and east were separated by a creek and morass from a flat area nearly two miles long, only a few feet above high tide and extending irom the present Capitol Hill westwardly to the Potomac and southward- ly to Anacostia; and more than 400 acres were subject to overflow by freshets. (See map by board of sanitary engineers, June, 1800.) "The uplands made miry roads and | would need paving; and the lowlands need- | ed dyking, sewering, draining and building of sea walls, and the filling up of marshes. ‘The place was a most unsuitable site for a city of ordinary municipal resources, but a suitable one in every way for the capital of u great republic with the revenues of a na- tion to improve it. A Shrewd Barga’ Washington undertook to get the land |from the owners and effected his object by persuasions, and, in the case of David | Burns, by threats, His bargain was credit- able to his shrewdness as a business man. March 3, 1791, he wrote to Thomas Jeffer- son that he had purchased the land for the federal district, as follows: “The terms entered into by me on the part jof the United States with the landholders |are that (all the land) is ceded to the public |on condition that when the whole is laid off as a city (which Major L’Enfant ts now | directed to do) the present proprietors shall jretain every other lot; and for such parts of the land as may be taken for public use for squares, walks, etc., they shall be al- lowed at the rate of £25 ($66.66) an acre. Nothing is to be allowed for the ground which may be occupied for streets and alleys.” The assertion so often repeated that at this interview Washington exhibited to the owners a plan of the city is contradicted ‘by the language of the above letter. A jrough sketch of the White House and the (executive departments near it was probably jshown. (See N. King’s letter of September | 25, 1803, Burch’s Dig., 351). March 30, 1791, jmineteen proprietors signed an agreement that “In consideration of the great benelit | We expect to derive from, having the fed- eral city laid off upon our lands, the Presi- dent is to have the sole power to order (the city to be laid off in what manner he pleases,” etc.), repeating the terms as sta’ ed by’ Washington in the above quoted let- ter to Jefferson. June 29, 179f, the proprietors deeded their lands to trustees for the use of the United States “for a federal city, with such streets, squares, parcels and lots as the President for the time being shall approve.” The United States were to" have “streets” for nothing, all squares, parcels and lots for its own use at £25 an acre, half the residue of all other lots for nothing, and the price ($36.090) of all parcels, etc., for its own use to be paid for out of the proceeds of lots donated, when such lots should be sold. The surplus of sales was to go to public build- ings and city improvements. (See Burch’s Digest, 225,330). The omission to mention “avenues” in the letters, agreements, and deeds retating to this transaction is remarkable. There is nothing in the documents to show that the proprietors had any notice whatever that the proposed city was to be laid out on a plan widely different from those of New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore. L’En- fant’s plan was not ready for several months after the deeds were made by the proprietors. It was submitted to Congress, in an imperfect form, December 13, 1791. (Burch, 356). | Partition of city site with former owners, Acres. Donated to the United States, for streets and alleys Donated to the United States, 10,136 bi ding lots.. - we “by the-timited-States for pub- ___ lic buildings and use....... “ Gal Total number of acres taken by the United States... 10,136 lots deeded back owners to forme: Total number of acres divided... - 6,111 In 1790 and 1791 Maryland donated to the United States $72,000, and Virginia $120,000, in consideration of the location of the District within their limits. Southard’s Report. In a report made February 2, 1835, for |the Senate committee on the District of | Columbia (28d Cong., 24 Session), Senator Southard says: “It appears that the peo- ple of the United States have paid noth- ing for all their public lots, nor for the |property in the streets. They procured them and now own them, without the ex- penditure of a single dollar.” In the same report, Senator Southard states the account as follows: “The number of building lots acquired by the government was 10,136. rge proportion of them have been sold dl \given away by Congress, and it appears | by the records in the office of the commis- sioner of public buildings that the account of the government in regard to them ma: |be thus stated: The cost of said lots was nothing. There has been received from the lsale of the building lots $741,024.45; there (have been given away to charitable and (literary institutions lots to the value .of $70,000 » of which was given to a col- {lege out of the city); the lots undisposed of, according to the assessment of 1824, are “worth $10,221.81; there was received by the |government in grants from the states of jue of the whole public mate to put the $1,500,000, the amount. will made to Congress in 1816 by |the Secretary of the Treasury, the amount |“accruing to the United States, from the |mere circumstance of locating the | $1,979, if Congress had sales 0 : |for them, or denated lots given to it for a {different special purpose, what was then lknown as the “Federal city fund,” might jhave been made to yield at least five mil- ‘lions, an immense sum compared with the | government revenues at the end of the last | century. Congress Ruled Directly. | IT. Second Period. 1791 to May 3, 1802. ‘These eleven years are distinguished in the learly history of Washington city by the jfact that the United States managed its | capital, without using the intervention of jany subordinate municipality. It acted jthrough the President and city Commis- |sloners appointed by him. The principal lact of this period was the announcement by President Washington of the plan of |the national capital. | ‘This plan was the result of the skili and | genius of L’Enfant, stimulated to the high- | est by the patriotic enthusiasm of Washing- ton and Jefferson. ‘from Europe for suggestions the plans of the finest cities of the world, and the for- mer was in frequent consultation with the varchitect. L’Enfant was familiar with the | radiating avenues from hunting lod; not forced agination, was to be the leading streets in the fede: the widest street in Versailles thrown into insignificance by more than twenty in the capital of the young and grow- ing republic. the White House, and others still, connect- ing the parts of the city most distant from tion with the streets and with each other, triangular public spaces, intended for erne” mentation with fountains, flowers and stat- | vary, and circles, intended for national mon- j uments, beautiful shrubbery and pleasure grounds for the people. Nuiierous reserva tions for public buildings, a broad mail in the central part of the city, exten ling m the Capitol to the Potomac, and a boulevard around the northern boundary, completed the plan. It was a grand concepzion of | great men, who left it to be wrought out by j@ postety worthy to follow in their foot- steps. Great Street Area, Of the original streets there were 44 let- tered and 52 numbered; and the average width of the lettered was 92 feet and of the numbered 93 feet. There were 20 avenues, varying from 120 to 160 feet wide, the aver- age width being 148 feet. The aggregate length of streets and avenues was 228 miles, which was increased to 234 1-: tance greater than from the Capitol to New York city. The total surface of ail the Maryland and Virginia $192,000 (in_ the | years 170 and 1791); amounting in all to! $1,112,246.29. And if it be a correct esti- | seat | trees. and charging the District revenues with of government at this place,” is stated at | s1y 000," 1 i lots when there was little demand | y The last named sent! In the charter of May i | in | provement. These avenues, some of them | to_time, | diverging from the Capitol and others from | 1833—one providing 1 TO ADVERTISERS, Advertisers ero urgently re quested to hand in advertisements the day prior to publication, im order that insertion may be as« sured, Want advertisements will be received up to noon of the day f publication, precedence ome given tc those first received. o ny streets and avenues in Washington is, ap- proximately, 14,840,814 square yards. All this had to be graded, metaled, paved, drained, sewered, lighted and kept in repair. | To gain a conception of the street work to; be done in this city alone, imagine a street | 100 hundred feet wide, extending from i] Washington to New York city, graded, with its carriage way asphalted, its gutters made, | its curbstones set and sidewalks laid, with | drains, sewers, lamp posts and shade trees. | in the Senate report, above quoted, the fol- lowing statement is made: “The District | was the creation of the Union for its own purposes, the plan of which was formed by the public authorities, the dimensions of -he streets determined by them without inter- ference by the inhabitants or regard to their particular convenience or interest—a plan calculated for the magnificent capital of a great nation, but oppressive from its very dimensions and arrangement to the inhabi- tants, if its execucion to any considerable extent was thrown upon them.” Street Improvements. Abundant proof of this exists in the rec- ords of the City Commissioners of that period. A few facts on this point will suf- fice for the purposes of this memorial. On the, 14th of December, Washington wrote to the Commissioners: “When you are in a situation to begin the opening of the avenues it is presumed those which will be more immediately useful will be first cleared.” August 2), 1801, Jefferson wrote to the Commissioners: “Gentiemen: Your favor of the 24th is duly received. I consider the erection of the representatives chamber and the making a good gravel road from the new bridge on Rock creek, along Penn- sylvania and New Jersey avenues, to the Eastern branch as the most important ob- jects for insuring the destinies of the city which can be undertaken. * * * $4,000 for four miles of road were then estimated to be sufficient, but from your statement $53,695.99 have been expended and half the distance (though not half the work) re- mains to be nnished. * * * But if any- thing remains of that fund I will venture to direct a further portion of the price of the site to be paid you for completing this road,” &c. In a message by President Jefferson to both houses of Congress January 11, 1802, he says: “The lots in the city which are chargeable with payment of these moneys are deemed not only equal to the indemnifi- cation of the public, but to insure a con- siderable surplus to the city, to be employed for its improvement, provided,” &c. in a letter from the commissioner of pub- lic buildings the following item is given as a copy from the records of expenditures of the government for the improvement of the streets of Washington: 180v. foot- 17%, President | this corporation. Citizens petitioned and the mayor and councils memorialized the Senate and House for relief. (See particu- jars H. R. Doc. No. 14, 2d session, 234 Con- gress; H. R. Doc. 65, Ist session same “ongress, and Senate Doc. 23, of January Ist, and H. R. Kep., 366, of same ses- sion.) At the end of this period the city, debt was stated by the mayor in his mes- Sage at $73,000, And yet, with the single exception of the subscription to the Chesapeake and Ohio canal stock, no improvidence or unfaithful- | ness could be imputed to the city corporas tion. The taxes had been lected and honestly applied. Prior to 1835 | the expenditure of the city for local ime | Provements had been $430,000, in addition |to the amount contributed by the United States. ‘The enormous outlay upon the streets an@ avenues of the national capital would have sufficed to put the final touches of ment on every city of narrow streets like Louis, but, as every Union soldier In the late war who visited Washington at that time | will testify, none of its best avenues were then in good condition, and most of its streets were muddy in wet weather and an- kle-deep in dust in dry weather. Mud dirt and cobblestones were the rule. It not to be wondered at that a few men proposed to remove the capital to Louis. It must be admitted that, time, Washington did not appeal pride or aesthetic taste of the people. One of the potent causes | dition was it had for many years garded by an influential and | dominant political element as the | # confederation soon to pass away. | lic buildings were temporary barracks, its broad avenues were soon to become ture grounds. The duty of Congress to the | capital city was, however, never repudiated | and seldom forgottcn. The New Era Beginning. 5, Fifth period: 1865-18¥—The enactment of the law of February 23, 1865, was one of | the first symptoms of the popular conscious- hess of established nationality. It was the first movement of the new population of Washington to make the city what a na- tonal capital ought to be. The limitation of $3 a front foot m the expense of street im- provement had made them cheap and rude; and the prohibition of such improvement unless petiuoned for by the owners more than haif the abutting property, had enavied rich men and syndicates of owners to prevent the laying of sidewalks and the paving of carriageways. The new jaw abolisned the limitation and prohibi- tion. The city corporation to F3 let i i way. from Georgetown to the Capitol, $10,000. (For the last four documents see Senator Southard’s report, 1835, republish- ed in full in board of public works report for 1872.) Though the city population was 3,210 in 1900 it does not appear that Congress made any demand upon the citizens for contribu- tions or imposed any taxes upon them for city improvements. The general belief was that the United States would bear all the expenses of the new city. We find or page 67, vol. 3, of Winterbotham’s History of the American United States, England, 17%, a notice of the gift of Washington city lots by the proprietors, ending with: | “This grant will produce about 15,000 lots | and will be sufficient not only to erect the public buildings, but to dig the canal, con- duct water through the city and to pave and light the streets, which will save a heavy tax that arises in other cities and more valuable.” The first two sales of lots were exten- sively advertised in England, and Thomas a 5 & Law and other Englishmen were among the purchasers. That the prices of the lots sold before May, 1802, were higher because of their supposed future freedom from taxa- tion there is no reason to doubt, but no ex- press pledge by the government to that ef- fect can be proven. The City pet peerage es Ill. Third period—1i 1812. The growth of the population, creating a necessity for local government, to relieve Congress of the petty business of licenses,police regulations, &c., resulted in the charters of 1802 and ed by the President, and his vote could only be reversed by a three-fourths vote of both branches of the city council. Among the minor powers were: “To erect and repair bridges; to keep in repair all necessary streets, avenues, drains and sewers, and to pass regulations necessary for the preserva. tion of the same, agreeably to the plan of said city.” No power was granted to open or close a street or alley, construct a sewer, or to as- sess for special improvements. Congress does not seem to have changed its course in regard to the city. The following items ap- pear in the accounts of the government with the capital: 1802. Building a jail in Washing- $ 5,800.00 5,906.00 ania 13,466.69 1807. Repairs and opening streets and avenues... ed 3,000.00 (Senator Southard’s report, supra.) From the same authocrity we learn that the new city expended upon the streets from the be- ginning “an average annual sum of not less than $13,000. This amount was beyond its means, the population being only §,208 in the year 1810, and there being no special taxes. At the end of the period the city was heavily in debt, and its streets and avenues were not yet cleared of forest ‘In 1812 these debts amounted to (Webb's Digest, 166.) in 1804 the poet Tom Moore visited Washington and wrote his celebrated satire upon it: “This embryo capital, where fancy sees Squares in morasses, obelisks in trees, Which second-sighted seers even ‘now adorn With shrines unbuilt and heroes yet un- born.” The city streets were in little better con- dition im 3Si2 than in 1804. Inevitable Bankruptcy. IV. Fourth period—1812-1865. The feat- ure characterizing this period of fifty-three years, in regard to the financial manage- ment of the city corporation, is the system of special assessment on abutting property, | for local improvements made on petition of (See Record, December owne>s. Ten years’ effort by the city to meet necessary expenditures on streets by a general tax of three-fourths of one per cent on real estate and by occupation taxes had brought the corpo>ation into bankrupicy. 4, S12, Congress au- thorized special asessments not exceeding $2.50 per front foot for improvements made on petition of two-thirus of the owners of inhabited houses fronting on the desired im- $3 per front foot, and the signed by the owners of phe fronting on the This gave a standing for the improvement. arrower than the narro.sest of | first time to the owners of vacant lots and 1 city, and | made much easier t/ the three avenues of Versailles were to be | tions fo> the improvement of streets, he work of getting peti- This system of street improvemen: regulated by ordinances passed from time notably by three passed in May, for commissioners of improvements, the act concerning paved footways and the act relating to paved each other, were to form, at their intersec- | carriageways. (Sheehan's Corp., Laws, 110.) The new powers of the corporation ine - ed its receipts, but the ro for urgent street repairs was too great to be resisted. In 1818 the city debt had grown so large that $60,000 of it were funded, and a fourth of each year's taxes was set aside for its redemption. (Webb, 166.) The different wards also became insolvent, and their debts were funded in 1821. (The ount of ward debts in IS87 was $108,512.11.) In 1820 a joint committee of the council re- ported on the state of the corporation finances. The debt, not including $1,000,000 due for stock subscriptions, was stated at $361.- 826.92, annual receipts at $50,408.48, annual expenses at $33,821.84. leaving a probable annual surplus of $16,586.64, which, if con- tinued, and if the debt for stocks should not he called for, would pay off the current indebtedness for strest work in about twenty-eieht vears! Jf the stock subscrip- tions should be called for the corporation was hopelessiv bankrupt. Axking for Relief. From the last date until 1865 Congress Was resonant with the despairing cries of (See. 5.) In the charter y | the royal forests of France and with the 15, 1820, this power was conorene the cone three grand avenues diverging from the | not to exceed palace of Versailles, the most beautiful gov- , tition to be ernment city of Europe. In his ardent im-| than half of the property the city, the limits of reven District treasury, sessments a debts were in by millions | assessments were | tate owners. These against the board public asked an investigation. This was granted. After exhaustive inquiry, the United officials complained wrernment of 5 District and of the governor of | works to three officials | stoners. It left in them | power to levy special jhad been the chief evil The complaining citizens were justified and, at the same time, punished. i= 4 | board of public works was condemned, continued under a new name. (See H. Rep. 647, first Sess., Forty-thind Congress) Misleading Terms. VI. Sixth period. 1874-184—The law of June 20, 1874, providing a temporary form of government for the District, and the law | of June 11, 1878, “providing a permanent | form” of said government, are substantial- | ly similar, so far as regards our ar | inquiry. The titles are misleading. | casual reader is led to think of the District f Columbia jicipal * Independence of g with some a’ the United States, with its own revenues and separate functions; and of its citizens as clothed with the rights and privileges of the freemen of other cities. He ts apt, too, be struck with the of the “S® per cent riation” clause, which reads as if that 50 per cent were @ donation from a munificent patron! The truth reveals a different state of facts. From June 20, 1874, the District of Colum- bia has been an undefinable myth, a cor- poration not to be classified, for it has no parallel, It cannot a bond, create | a debt or pay one. It is Hable to sult | judgment, but it cannot pay a judgment, for its revenues are taken from i dally and locked up in the United States treas- ury. Its managers are agents of a higher power. It is an executive department of the United States and not a government, though so-called in the statute, ironically. Its citizens have no rights or privileges es such. They are the only citizens of the republic who have no voice in framing their own laws or managing their own affairs. ‘They don’t vote taxes; they only pay them, They have no control over the assessor and collector. They can't oppose oppres- sion by any means, except the courts ahd ‘humble petition. They live, said Senator | Ingalls, “under an absolute despotism.” 1583, page 220) | “If the citizens of the District don’t like | it, they can go elsewhere.” (Washington | Post, July 22, 1888) In their allusions to | the District as if it were an ration o: government, the laws of isi4 and 1878 are examples of sardonic | pleasentry in legislation. The 5” per cent | appropriation clause, instead of purporting | to be a gracious gift by the United States | to the District, should have read as fole lows: “In consideration of being permitted te | hold property within the District, the own- lers of real estate shall be taxed one-half ‘of the amount of the estimates, made by | Unitea States officials, | and approved Congress, of the annual expenses ‘to managing the District of Columbia.” The District Commissioners followed ously in the path trodden by their prede- |cessors, the board of public works. From July, 1874, to June, 1878, their chief work | was to continue and complete the improve- |ments begun by the board and to add | them when they could. Their acts were | disapproved by Congress. The Na Responsibility. From the preceding review it is clear that for eleven years beginning with 1791, and the twenty years beginning with June, 1874, in all, thirty-one years, Congress has had the exclusive control of the improve- ment of the streets, avenues, alleys, &c., | years, Columbia; also, that, during all the years in which aid was contributed by the city corporation of the District territorial gov- ernment, Congress —— # ~ and made appropriations improvemen: as needed. In Senate Ex. Doc. No. 8 @4 Sess., 45 a treasury statement f a tions and tures in the ppropria' expendit Disiriet ef Columbia, from July 16, 1790, to June 30, 1876, we find (p. 204) the following Total. — nnsees 87, 10 The names of the 5. 286,868. streets and avenue (Continued on Twelfth Page)