Evening Star Newspaper, December 19, 1893, Page 6

Avers Pus Are unsurpassed for the cure of constipation, bilious- ness, Jaundice, vertizo, sick headache, indigestion, our stomach and drowsiness. Tueir sugar-coating ‘makes them easy to take, and being speedily dissolved sm reaching the stomac3, permits the full strength of dhe ingredients to be rapidly assimilated. “*Having for years used AYER’S Cathartic Pills with great benefit, Ihave no hesitation in pronouncing them THE BEST pills that can be found."—JOHN HAZELTON, Upper Queensbury, N. B. “‘Thave been the victim of Dyspepsia and Rheums- ism for years, so bad that my hands are crippled and I suffered periodically from severe headaches. Until lately when these headaches came on Iwas obliged togive up work. I have tried many medi- ines, but without any bene4t, until about a year ago began taking AYER'S Cathartic Pills regularly, and ‘Row my digestion is greatly improved, the headaches ‘Virtually cured and my general health b&tter than for years."—Mrs. EMMA McCARTY, Colon, Mich. Prepared by Dr. J.C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass. EVERY DOSE EFFECTIVE. MY FRIEND, LOOK HERE! YOU KNOW HOW weak and nervous your wife is, and you know that Carter's Iron Pills will relieve her. Now why Rot be fair about it and buy her a box? MANY PERSONS ARE BROKE! WN FRO! ‘overwork or household cares. Brown's Iron = rebuilds, the sy. aids restion. removes ox- ‘women and children. I TH2 BABY IS CUTTING TEETH BE and use that old well-tried Mrs. Wi low's Soot! Syrup for children’ teething. It ebild, softeus the gums, allays all galt, cures wiod colic and is the best remedy for iarrhoee. Twenty-five ceuts a bottle. myl-ly WOODBURY’S FACIAL SOAP FOR THE %KIN, salt ot 20 F cxperiocee.¢ be "a years’ ex: reating t book “oo Dermatology with every cake. “ocS-1y HHHHHH H HH HH HHA You Can’t Go Wrong In buying a present here. Furniture is pretty—useful—durable. Makes a good gift for, anybody. Makes an economical gift 1f you buy it here. Come in and get your gift in the | way of @ digcount we will give you } om anything yoy buy. | W.ELHOERE, FURNITURE, CARPETS, DRAPERIES. it COR. PA. AVE AND STH ST. Mc Knew’s Daily Letter. E77 Open each evening until Christmas. t2 Handkerchiefs, Gloves, Hosiery, ete., put up in attmctive fancy box when possible. All Ladies’, Pisses’ & Children’s Coats & Cloaks Reduced. As we announced yesterday, we have reduced every single Coat and Cloak in the house. In short, we have made our “Janu- ary reductions” before Christmas, so as to give you the advantage of buying this week at a saving. Remember, these are all this season's most stylish garments. The following items will give you an idea of the fenfae[ao[asloslonian{sslasias}asjantencn[=0ia0/=0 jesjaeienienianinnivniar|aefaninnjaninsinsissisn/eetent fee] reductions: Ladies’ Stylish Fur-trimmed and Braid- trimmed Coats. $20.00 Coats now $16.50. $21.50 Coats now $18.50. $25.00 Coats now $20.00. $28.50 Coats now $22.50. Ladies’ Plain Black Coats, Worth collar, Reduced to $9. Ladies’ Stylish “‘Novelty" Coats, braid and fur trimmed, im stone gray, green, opt brown, tan, ete. Sovelty”” Coats now $20.00. Novelty” Coats now $25.00. Stylish Plain Brown Half-tight-fitting Coats, wide notch collar, reduced from $25 to $20. 1 Magnificent Black Silk and Velvet Long Jacket, richly trimmed in jet and black marten fur, reduced from $125 to $85. Ladies’ Stylish Fur and Braid-trimmed Capes reduced as follows: $25.00 Capes now $20.00. $28.50 Capes now $22.50. ~ $82.50 Capes now $25.00. $20.00 Astrakhan Cloth Capes for $15.00. Stylish Black Plush Long Capes, trimmed brook mink fur, reduced from $30 to $25. Silk Garters. 500 pairs Ladies’ All-silk Garters, with large all-silk ribbon bows, with oxidized and ‘Te. Shopping Bags Reduced. To close out the balance of our line of Cloth Shopping Bags, hand embroidered, ‘we have reduced them as follows: $1.00 Bags now Sic. $1.75 Bags now $1.48. $2.00 Bags new $1.62. $2.50 Bags now $2.00. W.H.McKnew 933 Pa. Ave. Q00000000 0OOGU0000 i2-Cup Cake For Xmas. One egg. one cup sugar, one and half teaspoonfuls of melted butter; beat thoroughly, then add one and a half cups of fine white tour (“Ceres” is the best), with two teaspoonfuls baking powder; flavor to taste, or add one-half cup of currants or chopped seedless raisins. “Ceres” Flour Is reaped from the fairest fields, ground in the most modern mills and bagged by scrupulous miliers amid clean sur- roundings. It is a well known fact that “Ceres Flour makes “more™ cake. “lighter” cake, “sweeter” cake and “better eake than any other flour in the world. “Ceres” for sale by all grocers. Beware of imitations! We only wholesale it. Wm. M. Galt & Co., “WHOLESALE FLOUR & FEED DEALERS.” COR. 1ST AND IND. AVE. oO a) 00000000 000000000 NO CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR'S TABLE should be without a bottle of Angostua Bitters, Dr. Siegert’s, the renowred appetizer of ex- @Quisite Gayor. Beware of counterfeits. 030 4 Ocosoecocoeceoeeses ~ SCEOOSSCOSSSOSSSSSSeesesoeco coooeces N.W. it THE EVENING ST. THE TARIFF REPORT. Representative Wilson Submits the Views of the Majority. THE QUESTION OF DOTIES DISCUSSED. How the Committee Progressed in Tariff Reform. THE BILL DEFENDED. eR ee een “The American people, after the fullest and most thorough debate ever given by any people to their fiscal policy, have de- liberately and rightly decided that the ex- isting tariff is wrong in principle and grievously unjust in operation.” Such is the opening paragraph of the majority report submitted by the demo- cratic members of the ways and means committee today to the full committee. The report was written by Chairman Wil- son. It was laid by him before his demo- cratic associates last night, and received their cordial approval. 4 Tariff for Revenue. Continuing, the report says: They have decided, as free men must always decide, that the power of taxation has no lawful or constitutional exercise except for provid- ing revenue for tne support of government. Every departure from this principle is a departure from the fundamental principles of popular institutions and inevitably works out a gross inequality in the citizenship of a country. For more than thirty years we have levied the largest part of our federal taxes in violation of this vital truth, until we have reached in the existing tariff an extreme and voluminous system of class taxation, to which history may be chal- lenged to' furnish any parallel. So many private enterprises have been taken into partnership with the government; so many private interests now share in the preroga- tive of taxating 70,000,000 of peopie, that any attempt to dissolve this illegal union is. necessarily encountered by an opposi- tion that rallies behind it the intolerance of .monopoly, the power of concentrated wealth, the inertia of fixed habits and the — errors of a generation of false teach- e- The Proposed Bill. The bill on which the committee has ex- pended much patient and anxious labor is mot offered as a complete response to the mandate of the American people. It no more professes to be purged of all protec- tion than to be free of all error in its com- plex and manifold details. However we may deny the existence of any legislative pledge or of the right of any Congress to make such pledge for the continuance of duties that carry with them more or less acknowledged protection, we must recog- nize that great interests do exist, whose existence and prosperity it is no part of our reform either to imperil or to curtail. We believe, and we have the warrant of our own past experience for believing, that reduction of duties will not injure, but give more abundant life to all our great manu- facturing industries, however much they may dread the change. In dealing with the tariff question, as with every other long- standing abuse that has interwoven itself with our social or industrial system, the legislator must always remember that in the beginning temperate reform is safest, having in itself the principle of growth. History of Tariff Legislation. A glance at the tariff legislation of our own country ought to satisfy every intel- Ngent student that protection has always shown its falsity as a system of economy by its absolute failure to insure healthy and stable prosperity to manufactures. It teaches men to depend on artificial help, on laws taxing their countrymen for prosperity in business, rather than upon their own skill and effort. It throws business out of its natural channels into artificial channels where there must always be fluctuation and uncertainty, and it makes a tariff system the foot ball of party politics and the sta- bility of large business interests the stake of every popular election. None have recog- nized this truth more fully than the wiser men who from time to time have engaged in the so-called protected industries. Years ago Mr. Edward Everett stated in an ora- tion at Lowell that the sagacious men who founded the manufactures of New England were never friends of a high tariff policy. Honorable Amasa Walker, a former mem- ber of this House from Massachusetts and one of our foremost writers on economic questions, declared it to be within his own personal knowledge that when the proposal was made to impose the protective tariff of 1816 the leading manufacturers of Rhode Island, among whom was Mr. Slater, the father of cotton spinning in this country, met at the counting room of one of their number and after deliberate consultation came unanimously to, the conclusion that they had rather be let alone; their business had grown up naturally and succeeded well, and they felt confident ef its continued prosperity, if let alone by government. They argued that by laying a protective tariff their business would be thrown out of its natural channels and subjected to fluctuation and uncertainty. But, as usual, the clamor of selfish and less far-sighted men and the ambition of law-makers to usurp the place of Providence prevailed. The country entered on a protective policy, with the unfailing result that government help begot a violent demand for more gov- ernment help. The moderate tariff of 1816 rapidly grew into the “tariff of abomina- tions” that carried the country to the verge of civil discord and provoked a natural re- vulsion. Protection has run a like course since 1861. When Congress began to repeal war burdens and to relieve manufacturers of the internal taxes, which they had used to secure compensating duties on like for- eign products, there arose a demand throughout the country, without respect to party, for a reduction of the war tariff. Un- able to resist this demand, the protected industries baffled and thwarted any reduc- tion of consequence until 1872, when they defeated a House bill that did make a sub- stantial reduction, by substituting a Senate bill which carried a horizontal cut of 10 per cent. As soon, however, as the election of 1874 gave the next House to the democratic party that bill was repealed by the outgo- ing republicans and rates restored to what they were before 1872. An Increase of Protection. And although the demand for tariff reform and for reduction of taxes has ever since been a burning and a growing one in the country, the protected industries have ex- acted and received from every republican Congress elected since 1874 an increase of their protection, occasionally permitting the repeal or the lessening of a tax that was paid into the treasury, in order to keep away from or to increase duties levied for their benefit. Protection left to its natural momentum never stops short of prohibition, and prohibitory walls are always needing to be built higher or to be patched and strengthened. A protective tariff aever has and never can give stability and satisfac- tion to its ewn beneficiaries. Even if its victims are too weak or too scattered to agitate for its decrease, those beneficiaries are sure to agitate for an increase. When the reform tariff of 1846 was before Con- gress the air was full of prophecies that it would destroy our manufacturing fndustries, throw labor out of employment, or compel it to work at pauper wages, and dwarf and arrest the prosperous growth of the coun- try. Every Representative of four great manufacturing New England voted against it, with gloomy forebodings of its blighting effect. The rate of duties pro- vided in that tariff was much lower than those of the bill we here offer. What was the result? Instead of paralyzing the in- dustries and pauperizing the labor of New England or the rest of the country the tariff of 1846 gave immense vigor to man- ufactures, with steady employment and in- creasing wages to labor. So that after eleven years’ experience under it, the long- est period of stability we have ever enjoyed under any tariff, the Representatives of those same states, with practical unanim- ity, voted for a further reduction of 20 per cent, and by a two-thirds vote sustained the tariff of 1857, which made a reduction of 25 per centum. ‘The Tariff of 1857. And so well contented and prosperous were the manufacturer: of that and other sections of the country under the low rates of the tariff of 1857 that when the Morrill bill of 1861 took the first backward step there was a general prctest against it. The Hon. Alexander Ric? of Massachusetts said in the House. “The mat ufacturer asks no additior al protectio1. He has learned among other things that the greatest evil next toa ruinous competition from foreign sources is an excessive protecticn, which stimulates a like ruinous and irresponsible competition at home.” (Congressioral Globe, 1859-'60, Page 1867). Mr. Sherman of Ohio said: “When Mr. Stanton says the manufacturers are urging and pressing this bill, he says what he must certairly krow is not cor- rect; the manufacturers have asked over and over again to be let alone.” (Ibid., 2053). Mr. Morrill himself since said that the tariff of 1861 was not asked for and but coldly welcomed by manufacturers. (Congressional Globe, 1869-'70, page 3295). Senator R. M. T. Hunter of Virginia, then chairmen of the Senate firance committee, said: “Have any of the manufacturers come here to complain or ask for new duties? Is it not notorious that if we were to leave it to the manufacturers of New England themselves, tu the manufacturers of hard- ware, textile fabrics, &c., there would be a large majority against any change? Do we not. know that the wcolen manufacture dates its revival from the tariff of 1857, which altered the duties on wool?” The history of American industry shows that during no other period has there been a more healthy and rapid development of our marufacturing industry than during the fifteen years of low tariff from 1846 to 1861, nor a more healthy and harmonious growth of agriculture and all the other industries of the country. Where Stability Lies. No chapter in our political experience car- ries with it a more salutary lesson than this and none could appeal more strongly to law makers to establish a just and rational system of public revenues,nelther exhaust- ing agriculture by constant blood letting, nor keeping manufacturers alternating be- tween chills and fevers by artificial pamper- ing. In this direction alone lies stability, ccncord of sections, and of great industries. We have already said that public discussion may disclose errors of minor detail in the schedules of our bill. ‘To escape such er- rors would require so thorough and minute a knowledge of all the divisions, subdi- visions, complex and manifold mazes and involutions of our chemical, textile, metal and other industries, that no committee of Congress, no matter how extended the range of their personal knowledge, or how laborious and painstaking their efforts, could ever hope to possess. We have not forgotten that we represent the people, who are the many, as well as the protected in- terests, who are the few, and while we have dealt with the latter in no spirit of unfriendliness, we have felt that it was our duty and not their privilege to make the tariff schedules. ‘Those who concede the right of beneficiaries to fix their own bounties must necessarily commit to them the framing and wording of the laws by which those ‘bounties are secured to them. A committee of Congress thus becomes merely the amanuensis of the protected in- terests. It has been shown so clearly and so often in the debates of this House that nearly every important schedule of the existing law was made in its very words and figures by representatives of tha interests it was framed to protect that it is unnecessary in our report to present the record proof of this fact, but it may not be amiss to cite further evidence to show that this is not only the necessary rule, but the open and avowed method of framing protective tariffs. When the Senate substitute for the bill passed by this House in the Fiftieth Congress—which substitute is a real basis of the existing law —was being prepared Senator Hoar of Mas- sachusetts appeared before the Senate sub- committee and used this language: “Instead of coming before your subcommittee for a formal hearing on our Massachusetts indus- tries I thought the best way was to care- fully prepare a table of all the various in- dustries (perhaps some sixty or seventy in all) and ask Brother Aldrich to go over them with me and ascertain what the peo- ple wanted in each case, and if there were any cases where the committee had not al- ready done exactly what the petitioners de- sired, or had not inflexibly passed upon the question, I could have a hearing before you, but I find in every instance the action of the committee, as Mr. Aldrich thinks it likely to be, is entirely satisfactory to the interests I represent, with the exception of one or two, and the papers in regard to those cases I have handed to Mr. Aldrich.” No stronger indictment of the whole protective system could be made than that which is uncon- sclously carried in these words of a United States Senator, that laws which impose taxes on the great masses of people must be written in language so technical that the most intelligent citizen cannot fully under- stand them and that the rates of taxation should be dictated by the selfishness and greed of those who are to receive the taxes. First Step in Reform. We have believed that the first step to- ward a reform of the tariff should be a re- lease of taxes on the materials of industry. There can be no substantial and beneficial reduction upon the necessary clothing and other comforts of the American people, nor any substantial and beneficial enlargement of the field of American labor, as long as we tax materials and processes of produc- tion. Every tax upon the producer falls with Increased force on the customer. Every tax on a producer in this country is a pro- tection to his competitors in all other coun- tries and so narrows his market as to limit the number and lessen the wages of those to whom he can give employment. Every cheapening in the cost or enlargement of the supply of his raw materials, while pri-} marily inuring to the benetit of the manu- facturer himself, passes under free competi- tion immediately and passes entirely to the consumer, who very soon gets even more benefit out of it than such reductions seem to carry, because with the rapid widening of his market the manufacturer is able to sell at a smaller profit. It is, therefore, a very narow and short-sighted view which Supposes that we release the duties on iron ore and coal and wool and other like arti- cles for the benefit of those who manufac- ture our iron, steel, woolen and other fab- rics. We are legislating for the great mil- iions of consumers beyond them, and for the scores of thousands of laborers to whom they may thus give steady and well-paid nee no less a narrow and short-sigh view that supposes that a removal fe the tariff duti on such necessaries of in- dustry will inflict any real loss upon those who produce them in our own country. The enlargement of markets for our pro- ducts in other countries, the increase in the internal commerce and in the carrying trade of our own country will insure a growing home market for all these things that will quickly outstrip anything they could have under the protective system. Iron and coal are the basis of modern in- dustry. The abundance and cheapness of their supply offers us in many lines of pro- | ductions the manufacturing supremacy of the world. The Iron and Coal Trades. While the mines of other countries are | becoming exhausted and the cost of mining in consequence is increasing, we are con- stantly discovering and developing new | sources of supply. The discoyery of the im- | mense beds of Bessemer ores in the lake region and of foundry ores in several of | the southern states, their convenience for | transportation and for the assemblage of | materials, the use of the steam shovel in| mining—all these have so cheapened the cost | of producing pig iron and steel as to take | away all possibility and danger of foreign | competition in almost every part of the country. Not less rapid has been the growth ef our coal production. The coal area of | ‘the United States, as stated by Mr. Seward in the Coal Trade for 1803, is estimated at | 192,000 square miles, of which 120,000 can be comfortably worked at present. This coal area is over three times larger than that of the rest of the world com- bined. The existing duty of 75 cents a ton on iron ore and on bituminous coal cannot be justified either as a protective or a reve- nue duty. The importations into this coun- try are too small to add materially to our revenue, while no one contends that the cost of mining is higher in the United States than in the countries that might seek our market. It could never have been intended that a constitution which estab- lishes perfect freedom of internal trade among the states should countenance laws that hold one section of the Union, how- ever remote, tributary to other sections for the supplies of those necessary materials whose location is ordained by natural law and not by human choice. Wool on the Free Lis This House in two Congresses in recent years having, after full debate, passed laws putting wool upon the free list, it is not | deemed necessary in this report to attempt | @ restatement of the reasons for doing so. It is*enough to say that the tariff upon wool, least of all to the American farmer, who, in any balancing of accounts, must see | that he yearly pays out a good dollar for | every doubtful dime he may receive under its operation, has disastrously hampered our manufacturing industry and made cruel and relentless war upon the health, the comfort and the productive energy of the American people. Logs are already on the free list. We have gone a step farther and put undressed lumber generally on that list. ‘Ihis may serve to cheapen and improve the dwelling houses of some of our people, but it is justified if it shall accomplish noth- ing more tnan to delay the rapid destruc- tion of American forests. We have also placed hemp and flax unhackled on the free list for the reasons stated above, that we may give to the American working man untaxed material to work with and that we may give the finished product, as far as possible, to the consumer with but a single tax and that a moderate one, instead of a medley and cumulation of taxes gathered | Temunerative during the process of production. In addi- tion to these so-called raw materials we have released from tariff duties certain im- portant articles and manufactures which we have shown our capacity to produce cheaper than any other country, such as pig copper and the more it agri- cultural implements. Any article or man- ufacture which can sustain the competition of like foreign articles in other markets, can defy such competition in the home market, and is not protected by the duty, but by its own intrinsic superior cheapness and quality. The only effect of a duty on such articles 1s to enable those who make them to charge higher prices to the citizens ot their own country than they charge to foreigners, and this has been notoriously the case with both copper and many agri- cultural implements. in adjusting duties upon what may be called the finished pro- ducts we have tried to impose such rates as will not destroy or distress any of our home industries on the one hand nor on the other secure to them an oppressive monoply of the home market. For this rule we have the recognized authority both of well known and leading tariff reformers and of those who, in days past, were considered mod- erate protectionists. The report here quotes from speeches of the late Senator Beck, Mr. Carlisle, the late President Garfield and Senator Sher- man, and continues: “It is neither necessary nor practicable in this report to specify the particular reduc- tions we have made upon the long list of articles that still remain in the dutiable list. The tables which have been pri for use of members of the House give full and minute information as to these changes. A few only of the most important need be here enumerated. In the earthenware schedule we have made substantial reduc- tions, still leaving rates as high as were deemed necessary in the war tariff. In common window glass, where close combi- nations have kept up the prices to con- sumers under a scale of duties averaging more than 100 per cent, we have made a reduction of about one-half. Upon the larger sizes of plate glass, where the duties were even higher, we have made @ reduction of about one-third. Iron and Steel Schedules. in the iron and steel schedules, beginning with free ore and a duty of 211-2 per cent on pig iron, we have reported a scale of duties considerably below those of the ex- isting law, graduated according to the de- gree of manufacture, which should bring benefit to the consumer without calling for any halt in the imperial progress of that great industry in our countrw The duty upon steel rails has been put at 25 per centum, which, according to the reports of our department of labor, quite compensates tor all difference in the cost of production in this country and abroad. There seems to be an authentic report that the pool of American railmakers, which, under the shelter of the present duty of $13.44 per ton, has kept up prices to the American con- sumer far beyond the cost of production and legitimate profits, has been reorganized to continue the regulation of their prices above the proper market rates. As all shippers, and especially American farmers, are vitally interested in cheapening the cost of transportation, rates of duty upon steel rails should be adjusted so as to protect them from monopoly prices and monopoly combinations. Upon tin plate the duty has been gauged with reference to the revenue it will bring into the treasury, and the dif- ference between this duty and that upon the black plate has been lessened with a view to discourage what may not unjustly be called the bogus industry of making American tin plate by the mere dipping in this country of the imported black plate. The Sugar Sche: In the sugar schedule we should have pre- ferred to wipe out at a single legislative stroke the existing bounty system. We believe it to be contrary to the spirit of our institutions, and can conceive of no cir- cumstances under which we should have advocated or approved its introduction into our laws. We have found it existing there, as we find it virtually existing in every other schedule of the tariff, and deal- ing with it in this more open and offensive form as we have dealt with other sched- ules where large property interests are at stake, we have reported a provision for its re] by such stages as shall gradually obliterate it from our laws while permitting those who have invested large means un- der the expectation of its continuance reasonable time in which they may pre- pare to take their stand with the other in- dustries of the country. Duties upon im- ported tobacco leaf suitable for cigar wrap- pers, which were enormously advanced by the act of 1890, have been placed at such figures as, after carefut investigation, were deemed likely to produce most revenues to the treasury, but this object has alone de- cided the rates; tieir amount is so high that no domestic producer need claim that there is not abundant protection and to spare for his product in them. Agricultural Products. Of the staple agricultural products, in- cluding meats and prcvisions, we are such large exporters and must continue to be such large exporters, that any duties upon them are useless for protection and fruit- less for revenue, and generally can only be imposed for the purpose of deluding the farmers into the belief that they are re- ceiving some consideration and benefit un- der the tariff, although the prices of their products are fixed in the world’s market in competition with like products produced by the cheapest labor of the world. For the producers of our great export staples, which, having fully supplied the home mar- ket, must overflow and seek larger purchas- ers elsewhere, the only effect of a protective tariff is to take away from them from one- fourth to one-half of the products for which they could exchange their surplus in the open market, should they venture to buy in the market where they are obliged to sell, or to compel them to give a like portion of the avails of their labor, when turned into money, by increasing the cost of ‘what they buy in the home market. Recognizing that the American farmer has been through many years the patient victim of the pro- tective system; that he has been induced to support it under the delusive promise that by immense present sacrifices he was buying for himself a home market, and that this promised home market is farther from him today than ever before, we have aimed to secure for him such relaxation of bur- dens as will permit him to enjoy more of eh fruits of his own hard and faithful rr. To the farmers of the country we have given untaxed agricultural implements and binding twine and untaxed cotton ties, for the additional reason in the latter case, that cotton is the largest export crop of the country sold abroad in competition with the cheap labor of India and of igypt, believing that it was sufficient for the private tax gatherer to follow the farmer in the mar- kets of his own country and not to pursue him into all the markets of the world. As cotton ‘bagging can be used but once, we have thought it but just to extend the drawback system to such bagging made of jute butts when used upon | our exported cotton—a privilege which the exporter of wheat can already now enjoy, coupled with the further advantage that the same bags may be used for successive ex- portations of grain. In the schedule of spirits, wine and other beverages, the changes made are slight and with the view to production of increased revenue from these very proper sources of revenue taxa- tion, The duty upon spirituous liquors Is put at double the interna! revenue tax upon the same, while the duty of fifty cents a gal- lon on still wines imported in casks ts re- tained, with a proviso limiting the highest duty on such wines to 100 per cent. Cotton, Flax, &c. In the cotton, flax, hemp and jute sched- ules reductions have been made in accord- ance with the general scheme of the bill, as heretofore*explained, but they are not be- leved to be of such marked character as to call for any special explanation. The plac- ing of wool upon the free list has justified a very substantial reduction of the duties on woolen goods. Of the woolen tari of 1828, “that it is the masterpiece of the ultra re- strictionists and exhibits all the worst fea- tures of the-syste.a.” Although the imports of 1802 show an average duty of %5 $2-100 per cent in the woolen schedule, it cannot be said that woolen manufacture has been a flourishing industry in this country, or that the American wool grower has secured prices for his wool. With free wool we anticipate great benefits to the consumer of woolen goods, a revival of the woolen industry, such as that which foliow- ed the tariff of 1857, and a steadier and bet- ter market for the American wool grower. The present tariff is not only cruelly ex- orbitant, but it is so adjusted as to bear most heavily upon the poorer people. Illustrations of these irregulariues ure given, and the report proceeds: Woolen Manufactures. The long exclusion of our woolen manu- facturers from two-thirds of the wool of the world has prevented this great industry from attaining that vigorous life and inde- pendence it might otherwise have reached, and recognizing the duties which we would place at present upon competing foreign fabrics must be somewhat higher than a permanent, schedule ought to be, we have provided for this gradual decrease, believ- ing that in a few years our manufacturers will assert their skill and ability to manu- facture from the world’s wool. In the car- pet schedule we have not felt it necessary to adopt the sliding scale because that branch of our textile industry has long been one of the most flourishing of all our manu- factures, has asserted its full control of the home market and recently has been threatening to invade, with American = ducts, the markets of other countries. With free carpet wool, we have believed that this industry might well stand the reductions re- ported in the bill without imperiling its vig- crous growth and prosperous existence. We are said to consume nearly two-thirds of all the carpets manufactured in the world. With the cheapened production due to the removal of the duty on carpet wools of which we are not ourselves producers, there will naturally be a greatly increased consumption ya all kinds of 7 ~d he our own country, the largest part of which must patie fall to our own manufactures to supply. ‘Lne average rate of duties levied under the existing law upon the dutiable goods imported in 1892 was 48.71 per cent. Had the duties proposed in the present bill been levied upon that year’s importation of du- table goods, the average rate, including those we have transferred to the free list, would have been 30.31 per cent, but 80 many of the rates of the present law are really prohibitory, it is impossible to say what the real rate of taxation is, yet it is safe to affirm that it is much higher than any import tables will disclose. It must be understood, however, that the rates above mentioned can only be called closely approximate and not mathematically ac- curate, but they illustrate the extent of the reductions proposed by the present bill, and the relief which it fale ny ate to yr and dally to the laborers 0: i try. ‘Taking the importations of 1892, the latest which were accessible to the com- mittee when its tables were pi the new rates would operate a reduction of nearly one-third of the duties collected un- der the tariff; but this great reduction in taxes uctually paid to the government is no measure of the lightening of burden to the taxpayers of the country. That reduction may be estimated at sev- eral times more than the reduction of taxes. Such a reform of tariff must quicken every industry, must open a larger field for the employment of labor, must secure to it more working days at steadier wages, & larger return in the comforts and goods of life for its labor, while that great body of our people, much larger, as Mr. Edward Atkinson has clearly proved, than all en- gaged in industries Mable to foreign com- petition, who produce our great surplus crops and products, agricultural and me- chanical, for foreign markets will derive two-fold benefit, first, in increasing the number of articles for which they may profitably exchange their product, and sec- ondly, in diminishing the government fine imposed upon them when they return with those products to their own country. ‘The Redaction Defended. It may be said that we are not justified in making so large a reduction in revenue at a ; time when government receipts and expendi- tures can no longer be balanced, and when Some new sources of temporary revenue must be sought for. We have been com- pelled to retain some articles upon the duti- able list and to leave some duties higher than we desired because of the present ne- cessities of the treasury, but we have not felt that any temporary shrinkage of reve- nue should deter us from carrying out as faithfully and as effectually as we could the instructions given by the American people when this Congress was put into power. Our own experience and that of other countries has shown that decrease of tariff duties im- mediately operates such an enlargement of commerce, of production and consumption as rapidly to make up any apparent loss of revenue threatened by those reductions. Substitution of Ad Valorem Rates. A most important change in the bill pro- posed from the present law wili be found in the general substitution of ad valorem for specific duties. This must always be the characteristic of a revenue tariff levied upon a large range of articles, especially when they include the plain necessaries of life. A duty which taxes according to kind, pound, weight, measure, or the like, with- out regard to quality, always oppresses the less wealthy consumer and lightens the just burden of his richer fellow citizen. Such inequalities as we have mentioned in the woolen schedule, and many still grosser ones, that might easily be cited, could only be hidden in the specific duties and would never appear in a tariff that assessed its exactions according to the real value of the article taxed. The justice of the ad valorem si it has such inherent difficulties of administration and so easily lends itself to fraud and undervaluation as to be unjust to the government, the honest importer and the home producer. A ready and sufficient answer to this may be found in the fact that in no tariff ever adopted in this country has there not been a very large introduction of ad valorem duties,and that especially-as to goods whose value was most difficult of ascertaining. With the improved administration of cur customs under the laws recently adopted and to be made more pertect by this bill there need be no fear that the extension of this just and open system will lead to any of the wrongs and abuses anticipated. Repeal of the Reciprocity Provision. It is the purpose of the present bil! to re- peal in toto section 3 of the tariff act of October 1, 189, commonly but most er- roneously called its reciprocity provision. That act placed sugar, molasses, coffee, tea and hides on the free list, but authorized the President, should he be satisfied that the government of any other country pro- ducing such articles imposed duties upon the agricultural or other products of the United States which he might deem recipro- cally unequal and unreasonable, to suspend the provisions under which these articles were admitted into this country free. This section has brought no appreciable advan- tage to American exporters, is not in inten- tion or effect a provision for reciprocity, but for retaliation. It inflicts penalties upon the American people by making them pay higher prices for these articles, if the fiscal necessities of other nations compel them to levy duties upon the products of the United States, which, in the opinion of the President, are reciprocally unequal and unreasonable.” Un- der the provisions of this section, presi- dential proclamations have been issued im- posing retaliatory duties upon the five above mentioned articles, when coming from cer- tain countries. ‘These proclamations have naturally led to ill-feeling in the countries thus discriminated against, and in the case of several of them have led to diplomatic correspondence, in which they have claimed with apparent justice that such discrimina- tions against them were violations of our solemn treaty obligations. Since 1846 we have had a treaty with the republic of New Granada, now Colombia, in which each country mutually pledges itself not to grant any particular favor to other nations in re- spect to commerce and navigation which shal! not immedisgely become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional. Under the President's proclamation we have been im- posing duties on hides and coffee, the pro- ducts of Colombia introduced ‘Into this country, while like products of other coun- tries have been admitted free. No conces- sion of any kind has been made to the United States as a consideration for this privilege, and it-would seem impossible for the government under any fair construction of its treaty to deny to Colombia the favors freely accorded to other nation: —_+-e+__. His Farewell Sermon. On account of advancing years, Rev. B. N. Seymour, the pastor of the Fifth Congrega- tional Church, corner of Sth and 1 streets northeast, has resigned his pastorate. He preached his farewell sermon Sunday, in the course of which he reviewed the six years of his ministry with his congregation. in that time the congregation has become the owner of the church building and has in- creased in numbers and in influence. Transfers of Real Estate. Deeds in fee have been filed as follows: B. W. Holman to R. Seltman et al., sub 35, sq. 24; $2,850. M. A. Ballinger to M. A. Kyle, sub 15, sq 19; $. T. M. Fields to 1. Miller, sub 35, sq. 823; $1,150. Minerva J. Morrison to Bettie Newman, lots 1 and 4, Marshall; $116. John H. Albertzardt to B. L. Walke: ib 7, $—. G. J. Bond to » Sq. 1,084; $—. B. R. Tracy to S. Clarke, pt. 4, sq. USS; 53,000, Alice N. Chance to C. Thomson, sub 21, sq. 136; $—. J. Louthar to Marie L. Gorman, sub 92, sq. 179; $-. Marie L. Gorman to G. H. Gorman, same property; $-. J. H. Meriwether to Selina M. Barr, pt. 1, sq. 920; $—-. T. F. Minitor to M. J. Minitor, int. in estate of Thos. Minitor; $300. Margaret Fitzpatrick to Susan C. Ayres, sub %, sq. S41; $. B. Blethyn to H. M. Schneider, pt.'1, Smith’s Farm; $—. Joseph Ridgway to F. W. Baker et sub 33, bik. 21, Rose- dale; $1,300, F. W. Baker et al. to J. C. McGuire, three-fourths int. in lots 30 to 33, bik. 21, di -. . C. Borden to ida W. Doran, lots and 22, bik. 5, sec. 3; 28 and 30, blk. 7, Burrville; $—. ea Re The Argentine government has dissolved the municipal council of Rosario. ¢ AR, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1898-TWELVE PAGES. IVY CITY PEOPLE BAFFLED. Utter Failure of Their Attempt to Have a Delaying Test Case. President Engeman and his associates of the Ivy City Jockey Club are still in a trou- bled state of mind, it is said, owing to the determination of the authorities to stoutly and persistently oppose any compromise or continuation of the race meeting. It is un- derstood that the district attorney will not permit any test case to be brought before the courts, and as it is practicably im- possible for any test case to be made with- out his consent, it is not quite apparent just how Engeman can carry out the intention he is said to have of having a case brought before the courts. It was stated today that in- tended to have the law tested by prosecut- ing the management of the Benning race track, for setting up and keeping a gaming table or other gambling device, in conduct- ing betting on its track during its late race meeting. But even if Engeman should so proceed against the Benning people, which is thought doubtful, the case could only with the consent and assistance of the district attorney, and it is understood that he would at least postpone a hearing of the case until such a time in February or March as would prevent Engeman availing himself of a possible favorable de- cision during the present winter. Mr. Birney 8 Firm. It is known that District Attorney Birney is unalterably opposed to any resumption of racing at Ivy City, and will resist with all the power of the United States govern- ment any such purpose on the part of Engeman. No compromise whatever is pos- sible, states Mr. Birney, and if Engeman or any one else attempts to resume racing at the track immediate and wholesale arrests will follow, not only on every day the at- tempt is made, but also after every race is run. So, should the Ivy City management attempt tomorrow or next day, or, indeed, any other day, to resume racing, every member of the management, every book- maker and poolseller, their employers, and even the speculating public will be locked up, even if it takes the whole police force of the District and the forces of United States Marshal Ransdell to effect the arrest. The impression is undoubtedly gaining ground that the proposed winter race meet- ing of Engeman ts a thing of the past, and that the gamblers and horsemen now be- Heve, even if the lvy City management do not, that racing there cannot be resumed. It was stated today that Bookmaker J. 8. Collins was endeavoring to secure the Pim- ico race track near Baltimore for the pur- Pose of running a winter race meeting there, being convinced that no such meeting can be run here. Engeman, it was also stated, was interesting himself in the proposed Maryland meeting, with a view to giving up his Ivy City enterprise. - A TIE COMMITTEE VOTE. The Vote on the Repeal of the State Bank Tax. At the meeting of the House committee on banking and currency today a substitute was offered for all the pending bills provid- ing for unconditional repeal of the ten per cent state bank tax. By a mistake of the clerk the vote was announced as being six in the affirmative and five in the negative, and the substitute was ordered to be favor- ably reported to the House. It was subse- quently discovered that the vote stood six to six, as follows: Yeas—Messrs. Cox (Tenn.), Cobb (Ala.), Hall (Mo.), Johnson (Ohio), Black (Ga.) and Culberson Nays—Messrs. Springer (Iil.), (Conn.), Johnson (ind.), Brosius (Pa.), Hen- derson (lil) and Warner (N. Y.). Mr. Johnson of Ohio, who understood to be inimical to the proposition, voted in the affirmative for the purpose of bringing the matter before the . Mr. Warner of New York, who favors opposed reporting the substitute until certain addi- tions could be made to it. Mr. Springer has called a special meeting of the committee for this afternoon, at which time the clerk's mistake will be rec- tified, and if the vote remains six to six, the matter will go over until after the holi- day recess. —\—_-o-——_____. Confessed to the Theater Outrage. A dispatch to the Central News from Barcelona states that Jose Codina, the an- archist, who was lately arrested, has con- fessed that he was the author of the dy- namite explosion that occurred in the thea- ter November 7, when upward of thirty persons were killed. ‘The police had collected evidence which showed beyond any doubt that Codina was the man who threw the bomb and when confronted with this testimony he made a clean breast of the whole affair. Once he acknowledged that he was the criminal and he gloried in his act. He is now in solitary confinement ir the fortress of Mont Juch. No one save the prison officials are allowed to communicate with him. The police have learned that Codina re- cently came to Barcelona from France, where he resided under an assumed name. CADIZ, Dec, 1%.—Several workmen em- ployed in the Viamurgia shipbuilding yard have been discharged for inciting their fel- low workmen to insubordination. The po- lice made a raid on the houses occupied by the discharged men and found a number of letters showing that they were at least sympathizers with the anarchists. Several oi. the men were arrested last night. Mr. MacVeagh Nomination. The nomination of Mr. Wayne MacVeagh | to be minister to Italy was received today | {, SSRURSFEOE°E, RRRERETEES ORE? GRiged, > RTEGJELE*E, F PRSERRE, FOF A cream of tartar baking pow- der. Highest of all in lea’ strength.—Latest United States Goveramen Food Report, Royal Baking Powder Oo, 106 Wall &., HY KILLED BY MATABELES, Capt. Williams, Who Had Been Paur- suing Lobengala. CAPE TOWN, Dec. 19.—Letters have been Capt. Williams was in charge of ae that was in pursuit of King Lobengula the Matabeles who fied northward from Buluwayo with him. The last heard of him was on November 3, when it was stated that he had been FRED MAY PAYS A FINE. He Pleads Guilty to Assault on a New York Officer. ——__—_ POINTS FOR THE PRESIDENT. Representative Rayner Has a Con- ference at the White House. @ conference with the President, presum- ably in regard to the treatment of the Ha- of the President's pol- icy for the restoration of the queen an¢ Sorens tn the atecsoues oe a —~y-¥ in the that the floor of the House. by 7 Oo MARBLEHEAD ACCEPTED. A Check for the Premium Forwarde@ te the Contractor. The Secretary of the Nevy today ac» cepted the cruiser Marblehead on behalf of representing the premium earned by that Sony for rere its speed requirements, been sent to contractors, tard iron works of New York. a. o———__—— The Minority Tariff Report Not Reads. The minority report is not ready. Ex- Speaker Reed, to whom has been intrusted ma Lees sfraehttes Must Pay the Alimony, In the divorce case of Margaret Noonan against John J. Noonan, filed on November: 7, the complainant today filed a petition: setting forth the non-payment of alimony, $70 being now due, and Justice Hagner made an order which will result in the hus- fit of St. Paul's Catholic Church closed Sat- urday evening with an auction of the re- maining goods and the award of prizes. The: pastor of the church, Father Mackin, de- livered a pleasant address, thanking those with considerable surprise, and numerous | assisting for their aid,but stating that,while | sarcastic references to the “evident purpose | of Mr. Cleveland to take of the members| of Mr. Arthur's cabinet.” Some ill-natured | complaints and comments were made, but there seemed to be very little doubt that the | nomination would be confirmed. It is said) that while democrats might generally be | dissatisfied at the selection of men for office who were not, strictly speaking demo- | crats, the party had got used to that and | that he would probably not be opposed ser- fously by democrats in the Senate. It was said, however, that there might be some republican opposition growing out of the attack on Egan and Whitelaw Reid which | Mr. MacVeagh made in his speeches with | relation to the Chilean trouble. SENT TO JAIL. The Men in Charge of the Cable Car That Ran Over Mrs. Furguson. Wilyam E. Thomas and Louis Schooler, the conductor and gripman in charge of the cable car train at the time of the sad ac- cident yesterday to Mrs. Ferguson, and who were arrested, were in the Police Court to- day on a charge of assault and battery, with intent to kill. No one appeared in court and asked thet bail be fixed for them, although the pros- ecuting attorney would have opposed their release of bail had such application been made. Dr. Meriam, who was called in the case yesterday, was in court in response to a summons and he told of the critical con- dition of Mrs. Ferguson. The case was continued indefinitely and the defendants were committed to jail. SRE Marriage Licenses. Marriages licenses have been issued by the clerk of the court to the following: Lawrence W. Jordan of New York and Estelle Bates; John Duckett and Catharine Sweves; Martin Jones and Irene E. Fletcher; Louis Patten and Ollie Young; Robert Nickens and Bessie Lee; Camillo Deluco and Julia Mary Nallet; Luther W. Jett and Eudora F. Green, both of King George county, Va.; Robert Banks and Bet- tie MacDaniel; Samuel Briscoe and Martha Richardson; Wm. Stedman and Mary R. Jores; Archie B. Sirclair and Agnes C. May, both of Alexardria, Va.; w. Childs and Adora Lewis: Edward Dade and Ellen Brown; Thomas W. Frank and Mary F. Smith. ——— Under Bonds to Appear. J. Eyre Hendrickson, a dentist, is under $600 bonds for his appearance in court. In- decent exposure is one charge and using rude and obscene language is the other. His office is on 12th street southwest, and a fif- teen-year-old girl, who lives on 11th street, is to be the principal witness in the case. She is now under the care of a physician, suffering from nervous prostration. For that reason she could not appear in court today as a witness, and for that cause the case had to be continued. Bail in the sum men- tioned was given. —— Another Cycling Record Broke: Wilbur J. Edwards of San Jose, Cal. broke the world’s record for an eighth of a mile Sunday, making it in 16 3-5 seconds, or 1-5 second under the time made by Julien P, Bliss of Chicago at Nashville last month. ty the fair had been a success, their work would not be at an end until the church debt d been entirely removed. The fojiowing awards were made: Thermometer to Miss O'Keefe, bicycle to Mr. Joseph Hurten, mar- ble statue to Miss Kate Smith, suit of clothes to Mr.Philip Bisher, silver pitcher to Miss Katie Batters, table linen to Mids Belle Keenan, chair to Rev. Father = —— to Miss Daisy B. “4 ‘ollet set in peanut booth to Mies Gilhooly and Irish quilt to Mrs. J, Tynan. 80 appealed to the members of the Washing- ton Hebrew congregation that at their last Sabbath morning taken up both in the the Sabbath school, and a ‘This sum has been and ae L. Stern, rabbi of congrega! benefit of the onaaeek —_— ——_. Glowing With Light. Actually @ thousand lamps are usedpte light the stores of the Great Atlantic Pacific Tea Company, 7th and K and extend a bright and glowing to the throngs who are attending light, the enterprising manager, Mr. N. Bowman, has decorated the store, and jooks as gay and cha as a bride her wedding day. This is for the tine assortment of teas, coffees Sugars, which are imported directly by the agents of the company in China and Brazil and in the other great markets of the world, for this company represents a cap- ital of some twenty-eight millions of dol- jars and has in this eountry alone 225 stores. —— A Brightwood Raflroad Hearing. A public hearing was given by the missicners this afternoon to those interested in House bill 4479, to charter of the Brightwood Railroad Com- pany. The route as set forth begins at the intersection hearing was in progress when The ——_-—___. Senator Gibsom Stim Im. © From the Baltimore Sun. WASHINGTON, Dec. 18.—Information was received here today from Easton, Md, the home of Senator Gibson, to the effect a) could best regain his Strength by leaving his duties here and gomg home. He has not. recuperated as however, as his friends had hoped, and it said now that he wilk not return to Wi until after the holiday recess. He is confined to his bed and is under medical treatment