Evening Star Newspaper, April 22, 1893, Page 10

16 PAUL JONES FLAG The Original Stars and Stripes to Be Flung to the Breeze. HOW IT WAS ADOPTED. ‘The Act of Congress Determining the Na- tional Emblem—How the First Flag Was ‘Made—It Has Been Preserved Ever Since and Will Be Again Unfaried Next Tuesday. ME FETICH OF A nation is its fag. Be- fore it men of all con- ditions bow, and an insalt to the honor of | | few stare a in the old chivalrous times dis- tinguished bis ancestors from their compeers |im the tournament and upon the battlefield; more stars and additional stri denoting the number of states that in the struggie, now became the standard around which the tricts of the west so successfully rallied. It not « little curious that the worn-out ray | of feudalism, as so many would count it, have ex; into the bright and ample banner that now wi from every sea.” That it could have been no easy matter to adopt a national emblem was evidenced by the state banners, each one of the thirteen having its own peculiar device. Six of them sported a snake in as many stages of coiling and ereep- ing. ‘TRE FIRST UNITED STATES FLAG OX THE SEAS. The first flag to represent the United States upon the high seas was a field striped red and biue, with a rattlesnake crawling across it. It was this fiag which Paul Jones to the breeze upon the Alfred about 1775. Alfred was the ip of the new-born navy, which consisted of five vessels. The flagship mounted twenty nine-pounders. The weight of shot thrown from her entire battery or both brosd- sides was not equal to the weight of « single a nation’s fig its peo- ple resent to the sacri- fice of liberty and life. Tribal and national | ensigns and emblems had their birth in the sunrise of history. | Time never was when | “separating signs” were which set him apart | first standards were of , ii of embiems, when, in accord- God's command, they pitched their by bis own standard.” Assyrian standard was a carved buil. standard of Rome was an eagle When the caravels of | sailed the seas 400 years ago the American Indians carried a tall standard with the wing feathersof a full-grown The Alaskans have their totem poles, ie It ts not if its # i } ry. It is the Con- government. It ia the free people that stand im the government on the Constitution.” This aptly illustrates the tie ‘of other nations to ‘The golden bees of rts of his followers and | fume of Henry of Navarre in- mnders of his house to deeds of . The ssered raven of the Danes | } ASSYRIAN STANDARD. ferred denth by the stand life, and the pasmon red © Was their insp ¥ mae chanting pravera. The star spa: floating serene above the bas remvigorated ther and has bee thon 198. after bo iex of art} driver. 1} end the but the fairest okxed wna the | ¥ in foreign land PLANTING THE FLAG IX A SRW COUNTRY. In discoveries of new territo-y 2 standards have ever played @ prominent part. The sovereign ral gave license to representative t up the royal bannersand | ensigns in the countries, places or mainia Bewiy found by them. to conquer, occ them as his vassals and lieutenan yas, under the red cross of St. Geor land bas aeguired possessions u: sun never seu. Her standard p north coast of Atuerica by the save to Great Britain by right of discovery and pos | session all the territory. known as British Amer- | ica In the same manner the lilies of France | soil, it before any of these came Columbus, who flung to the breeze the Grst ‘lag ever kissed by | the winds of the uew west world. the royal | standard of Spain, with ite feadal castles and | rampant lions. "October 12 Every child knows the date. Next to his birthday and the Fourth of July comes the date of Co- Jumbus’ landing at San Salvador. Irving saya “Columbus. dressed in seatiet. first stepped on | shore from the lictie boat which bore him from his vessele bearing the roral standard of Spain emblazoned with the arms of Castile and Leon | (eturreted and embattled castle or. on field | false, for Castile. quarteriy om field argent. «| rampant gules for Leon) in bis own hand, the Pingous in their own boat, | alw * ts. . Eng- followed ® white fing with a green crow. having on each side the letters F and Y surmounted by golden | crowns.” Itwas nearly three hundred years | before s nation “indigenous to the soil” united ite people under = national bsnner in the new world. TSE staRs AxD srzirzs. On Saturday, Jane 14, 1777, the American Congress “Resolved, that the flag of the! thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, ; that the union be pe ing e new constellation” Thus the tag was born. ‘This was the first and the only legisin- | tion, so far as records show, on the subject of » | Bations! standard for the United Staies of | America at that time. It is altogether probable, that there were men in that Congress to whom ties of blood if not birthright bad endeared any one of a dozen flags of other nations. ‘They were all men of strong will and powerful imargument. The clash of opposing opinions must have ween something to remember. as urged the merits of bis favorite idealized and transmogrified, for | of s republican government this controversy history is mute. There wass Journal of Congress, but it was | too severely edited to pander to the | eee garg levity of such « debate. and were no omuipresent reporters there to, ‘down the heated langage while the sting | | t f a) E tft : | f i y 8 | ti } i | | | the liberty and ble solid shot aa thrown by one of our monitors. A pecular piece of composi:ion on this snake flag, which was printed annonymously in 1775 and supposed to have been the work of Benjamin Franklin, gives the following reasons why the colonists favored so hideous an embiem. iav- ing noticed the ratticsneke on drums and ban- ners he was curious to know ils sign ce, and worked it out, at least to his own sa'isfac~ tion “It occurred tome that the raitlesnake is found in no other quarter of the globe than America, and it may be therefore chosen on this account to represent her. * * * I recollected that her eve exceeded in brichtness that of any othe: animal and that she had no eyelids. She may, therefore, be esteemed an emblem of vigilance. She never begins an at- tack nor when once engaged ever surrenders, She is, therefore, an emblem of maguanimity and trae courage. Asif anxions to nt all pretensions of quarrel:ng with the weapons with which nature favored her, she conceals them in the roof of her mouth, so that to those who are unacquainted with her she appear most defenseiess, and even when these weapons are shown and’ extended for dfense they appear weak and contemptible, bat their wounds, how- ever small, are decisive an2 fatai. Conscious of this she never wounds tntii she has gener- ously given notice even to her enemy and cautioned him on her. “The poison of ber teeth is the necessary of digesting her food and at the same tion of her enemies. | ate that those at enemies abso! a Teounted t thirteen, ex- ited in America, things whieh may be to us not on! necewary to our existence. the rattles and fo them j of colonies WASHINGTON COAT OF ARMS. that thore who consider h America affords THE INDIAN EMBLEM. be understood to mes: eS id once come over to her never afterward | leave Ler, but spend their lives with her. She | strongiy re: inthis, that she is deautifal in youth and her beauty with age. Her tongue aico is blue as lightning, trable rocks. Even this cunning expos tions of the rattlesn: by Congress as the We have the ereases | forked | nd her abode is among impene- n of the perfec- | to get it adopted mblem. Instead of which Sa purity, red for valor and blue for insti: PAUL JONES AND THE EANGZE. On the day of the pasmnge of the dag act by Congress it alco resoived that Paul Jones be ap- pointed to the command of the Manger, a new warship. ‘This naval commander, who seems tobave been in much favor with the govern- that time, and with women as weil, oichiman. "He was born on tie 6th of at Abingland. in the parish of Kirk- bean and stewartry of Kirkeudbright. He was christened Jobn, and bis father’s name was Paul, so that bis name was Jobn Paul, which he saw fit to change to Paul Jones when he eame to this country, None of his biographera— | and they are numerous—can give a valid | reason for this change, as his own was an | honorable and honest family. A penciled note | ‘on the marg.n of one biography says: “The rea- | son is simpie. took the name of Jones in | gratitale to Jones of North Carolina, who procured an appointment es first JouN PAUL Joxzs. Keutenant in the navy Deeember 22, 1115.” He had, however, been “Paul Jones” long before that time. British writers stigmatized him as a “pirate. rebel, robber,” &c., and that the change of name had sinister About a week after the action of Congress a mst the danger of treading | | replacing it when he was ‘WASHINGTON, D. 0; SYTURDAY, APRIL 22,~1898—SIxTREN PAGES. 8 ber of 1779 Commander Jones and his now famous stars and stri made another | big patch of He had been given com- | mand of the Bon Homme Richard, and sailed under the priceless flag. About ten days be- | fore the battle between the Bon Homme Rich- ard and the Serapis Paul Jones captured British vessel of war and his prize, an armed [ship called the Kitty, commanded by Capt. Philip Stafford. The Englishmen had put the Kitty's crew in irons. This crew was | transferred to the Boa Homme Richard and all volunteeeed to serve. Among these volunteers was James Bayard Stafford, a nephew of the captain of the Kitty and the father of the present owner of the fag. Being educated he was mad an officer on board the Richard. HOW IT WAS SAVED. During the battle between the Bon Homme Richard and the Scrapis, which occurred on | September 28, 1779, the historic flag was shot |away and fell dregging in the sea, Young | Stafford jumped overb« and was engaged in JOUN PAUL own by an oe When the } transferred by pie an | npanied him to the Alliance when he as-! aed commar frigate. After tale of the Ailia: Was rent to y Stafford with the good state of prese' Brown gt unto de 3 James MEY This reiie was preserved by Li | swidow. Itis now in the hands of as must in measure be | lem era Sag met ome mearare convenience to the 5 ‘MBS. STEVENSON, origin and present existence, as compored of a number of independent and united stetes than to reduce the stripes to the original thirteen, representing the number of states then con- tending for,and happily achieving their in- dependence, and to increase the stars to cor- respond with the number of states now in the Union, and hereafter to add one star to the fiag whenever anew state shall bo fully ad- mitted.” THE LAST CONGRESSIONAL ACTION. This report remained a whole year with no | other action taken upon the question. Then, | in accordance with that report, a bill was passed with the title: ‘An act to establish the flag of the United States.” Sec. 1. Be it enacted, &c., that from and after the 4th day of July next the flag of the | United States be thirteen horizontal stripes ered and white: that the union have | ¥ siars, white in a bine field. .. And be it further enacted, that on the very new state into ‘the Union, | dded to the anion of the flag: and | dition shall take effect on the 4ih y next succeeding such admission. Ap- d April 4, 1818, Seventy-five years age, when there were | twenty states, the etar spangled banner, “as | established” by Congress, floated above the | halis of Congress, a present from and the handiwork of Mrs. Reid, the wife of the de- | . Now, when time is rounding out the |iast quarier of the century, the old fag still | floats, the onl: Ke being the addition of a 2 until the constellation now ewed with English | sh coat of arm3 bred Scotch- i a quarter, be j beings which he sev, a relic New Je: on of Independ- | Lord Sterling | proposed thi red and white ens); | by the gov at the highlards of the highest pomt of jand in u the Atlantic ¢ rast and from algard ship ine: hor of York. this first star banner of the United Sites of Amerik unfurled “On the loyal winds that probably for the last ti precious a relic to trust 10 th for the purpes wwe it well,” e. It Preservation. During the year 1561 a small strip was ent froma the upper part of the bine | field and weut to President Lincoin, It is} among the Line: This gup in the field is pieced cut, and time bas eaten a fe holes in the they were m: by tiymg ebot i It is cuite fitting the occasion that this ripes. Possibly the liberty pote by the fi Letitin Green Stevenson, wife of the Vice President of the United Suites. Mrs, Stevenson, | who is president general of the Daughters of | the American evointion, is a lineal dosce: of revolutionary heroes CHANGES IN THE FLAG. The mystic thirteen of Paul Jones’ starry fisg continued to dominate mntil1704, Then Vermont aud New Hampshire eame into the Cnion and demanded recognition on the na- tional banner along wita the thirteen original ST. GEORGE'S FLAG. states. In the session of Congress of 1794 an act originating in the Senate called for the ad- ditional stripes and stars. On January 7, 1794, the House resolved itself into « committee of the whole house on the bill sent from the Sen- entitled “An act making an alteration in the flag of the United states.” Most of the bap siege ona thonght the mat- ter triffing in extreme and objected to serious cousideration of the bill at that time, when business of greater importance was wait- ing! But the other “‘business” waited and the bill, the first completed at that session of Con- gress, passed on January 13, 1795, and read as follows: “Be it enacted, that from and after the first day of May, one thousand seven hundred and Ft pet, sleraais red sa whieeytaoe ifteen stripes, iternate white; the union be fifteen stars, white in » bine ‘Twenty-two years later new legigiation again necessary. Four new states had come once recommended reducing the stripes to thirteen, reprerenting the states, and constellation of stars, oue for each state, add- ingastarass state came in. These ideas suited the committee and it cordance with his view. The British Naval Chronicle of 1817 published the report in full and styles it a ‘curious historical The following are the main features: “Fully pursuaded that the form selected'for the American fleg was traly emblomatical of existence as an in number of the patriotic ladies of Pegg hap gen ape eid Oa fae ee SS Ser aan SWEDES’ CHURC used, and that for an a one to eix of these ensign: bh land and ationa of this should be houid troops. al ink, proba- fiberty been unfarted | inte of twenty- squadron anchored in away it will be lowered es and bright stars of 14” ried. And there, through- hours of the bor two mil i ne beoad s calibe: out gove: the the pe by “Old Glor, iM float, its ful folds kissed by the dawn’s early light and caressed by the twilight’s last gleaming,ever da menace to maicontents of all nationa, telling in mute but most eloquent of all ages of vee an And while the republic stands— The fla of our Unten forever. Isance Wonrett Bart. = En w DERSOLD. STEANG Bat He Criticised the Place as Rather Chilly reported in the | Fort Worth Gazette as saying, “I was on the | New York Central not far from Buffalo, The | sleeping car was nearly full. We stopped at | some place and an oid man with a map of St. | Lawrence county on his face got on board and | was shown to his sent by the porter. He piled | up a lot of baggage and then asked whether he | could not go to bed. ““If you will go away for a few minutes,’ said the porter, ‘I'l! make up your berth.’ “The old fellow took alittle handbag and walked up and down the car, apparently look- ing for something. ‘nen he disappeared through the door. ‘The porter made up the berth and arranged the curtains, It was the first berth to be made ap. Presently old St. Lawrence, as we called him, appeared at the end of the car with pile of clothes hanging over one arm, his boote in one hand, his collar and .socks ‘in the other. He had nothing on but « gray flannel night- shirt, that Just covered his knees. He looked around the cat and then made a rush for his berth. “Everybody roared. His feet were bare, ‘and we could see the snow melting on his calves and ankles, He drew his curtains and remained silent for afew seconds. Then his head ap- ‘between the curtains. “ ‘Hey, young man" he cried to the . ‘Tl be gosh darned if this company hain't the meanest I ever strack.’ “Why, what's the matter?’ asked the por tor. “Well, by thunder, they ought'er give us a decenter place to undress than them cold steps out there betwixt the cars.” “We found ont that the old duffer had un- dressed on the pintform, which was covered with six inches of snow.” pasa Cae Written for The Evening star. = Buttercup Days. Buttercup days are the best, my dear, Of the beautiful, wonderful, changing year— ‘Skies of opal and sapphire-blue, Boughs with the sunlight woven through, Fields alight with the golden blaze— How we all revel in buttereup dayat Yonder, where fields were sodden and gray When snows melted slowly and trickled away Actes of velvety verdure are seen, ‘With"buttercupa scattered like gold in the green. April brings out, with her meliowing rays, Peachbloom and pansles, in buttercup daya, oe alone Sire" 7e e float and fy, Seattered away by the sun's clear rays}, How we remember our buttercup days! Innocent brows, by the zephyra fanned Straight trom the groves of the heavenly land, Spirits sunny, and hearts as light As wind-swayed plumes of the elder white, Souls unblemished vy worldiy ways— ‘Blessed remembrance of buttercup days! —Hatrs Warrssr. ‘9013 Arsenal street, St. Louis. —_+o+ Compensation. the Chicago Record. “Did $1.50 worth of amusement ne “No. Leaw €25 worth of Easter hat.’* | a measure would compel the eirculation of si | the sum swal [LOST AND SPOILED. Money Gets Hard Usage in the Hands of the People. CASH BURNED AND BURIED. Paper Money Will Scon Be Redeemed Free of Charge—Some New Plans Entertained by the Treasury—8700,000 Worth of Notes and Certificates Officially Destroyed Every Day. HERE IS TOO MUCH dirty and worn-out pa- per money in cireula- tion, The treasury wants to give people a chance toexchange such currency for new bills free of charge. It will ask Congress to appro- priate for this purpose the amount which is now paid for transport- ing silver. At present any bank or firm that wants cart-wheel dollars can get them by ap- plying to the government, which defrays the cost.of expressago for the sake of getting the coins into circulation. However, the country seems at length to have absorbed all the silver that it wants, so that it is deemed advisable to stop this privilege. The casn thus expenied could be more profitably applied to making the transfer of notes and certificates for redemp- tion free. As things are now, scorporation or individual sending worn-out money to the treasury for redemption must pay the expressage on it at the rate of 15 cents per $1.900 ench way. If the transportation of such paper cash were made free many people would exchange their old bills for new ones who might not be willing to go toevenasmail expense for the sake of obtaining the opportunity. Anybody having @ torn or dirty $3 note couid inci velope and formard it by expres ton, receiving a brand-new duvlicate of it a few days later without its costing him a cent. ‘The express company would collect its charges | from the government. By affording this in- dncement to the public a great change for the | better would b> made beforelong in the appeer- | ance of the notes and ceri ates in circulation. MICRODRS IN OLD BILLS, Jast at this time, when cholera threatens, this matter possesses unusual interest. There isnoarticle or substance touched by human ntains so many and sncha va- of bacteria, disease-prodacing and other- , a8 the promises to vay issued by the gov- ernment, They go through thousands of bands, umutating dirt, perspiration and all manner unpleasan:ness. “A weil-worn bill is literally breeding ground for microbes in scores of varieties. Naturally, the stopping of the privi- respecting the’ transportation of silver Id have a tendency to restrict its eircula- w tion, but, to offset this, the treasury seriously es withdrawing the one-dollar notes ficates wholly. The adoption of such ver dollars. he paper money now redecmed by tho averages 3700,000 a day. Much of it n damaged or partly ayed i 'y of extraordinary and eve: 8. pate figure among ases ch animals seem to swallow a je amount of money in the course of ly digested masses taken and supposed to represent somus in cash furnish some of ihe least. a 2 subjects for examination which are ted tb the experts in the redemption divi At the same time they do not tind much ein dissecting such material as was otf them in the shape of a ‘om the decomposed body dexed man and a charred pocket person cf a woman who was burned paper money issued by ued that 1 per cent is lost or Mice nre y wing it up and making their nesta Pabies are mach addicted to eating case it more hopeless than or cow, because it is not usually practicable to eut the i open and recover owed. An emetic is the most mylozed in euch en men often light their 5 or $10 no other pur- to exhil Terence to Subsequently they try to get the re- dhit there aro any. Cash in this ye 18 oft-times buried under the cellar Loor, it rots away. LOSSES RY PrRe. However, the most effective agent for the de- struction of small hoards of money is the par- lor stove. Many people who have no faith in banks consider thei: eash secure when it is stowed away in this household appurtenance for the summer. Autumn comes, tho fire is lighted and up goea the family wad in smoke. Just sbout one “hundred such cases ara re- ported to the treasury ever fall by victius of this peculiar form of imprudence. Ususliy they have nothing left to show for the amount lost but a few ashes. Thas #50 has been re- quested for some charred morsels of paper packed in a thimble and sent all the way from Texas. The biggest sum ever lost by firo was consumed at a snbireasury. It was a cool— perhaps that is hardly the proper adjective— $1,000,000, but the government could easily replace it. ‘The great bulk of the paper monoy destroyed is burned during transmission by rail. Fire almost invariably follows a collision. The ex- presa car fs involved in the conflagration and the eafe which it carries suffers, E safes are commonly of the portable kind and not fire proof. Under such circumstances they are taken from the wreek and sent unopened to Washington, where their contents are examined. Accidents of this sort occur almost very day. ‘The worst instance on record dates back oniy haif # dozen years. ‘Two trains— one # passenger express, the other a frei; met ina Kentucky tunnel. The cars were heaped together and they burned for thirty hours, Of the $1,600 which the cate on the express train contained $7 was identiied from the ashes snd redeemed. Anybody who finds mutilated paper money will do well to refrain from giving notice that it i a wind-fall in sending it to the treasury for redemption. Such treasure-trove being forfeited by law to the government is promptly confiseated. ‘The experts at the department are sharp at their trade and hard to deceive. They know how to tell torn fragment of a bill from one that has been chewed by mice. Yet peopie are constantly trying to cheat them. One boy, employed to sweep out a Now York bank, sent s quantity of pieces of notes which he had collected. He claimed that they were all that was left of $200, which had been eaten by rate, but examination disclosed the fact that they represented at least 1.000, if any- thing. In such a case the applicant almost always wilts when an afidavit is demanded. In another sort of insiancea man sent in the charred remains of what he stated had been $5,000. They were found to be equivalent to $7,100, and this sum was paid to him after an investigation which appeared to show that the error was merely a freak of stupidity, JOKES ON THE EXPERTS. Jokers actually do not hesitate to toy with the feetings of the treasury experts. Some time ago the color brown was chosen for the backs of the national bank notes, because it waa supposed to be practicaily indelible. But one day along comes a of paper money of this description, denomination #5, with the re- verse side washed perfectly clean and white, nots mark left on it. Even the seal on tie face, done in the same ink, bad vanished. jonsible, of redeemed unless fragments remain to show the namo of the bank for which they are issued. Some- times the government is called upon to make damaged coins good. For exam; negro brought ina shepeless lump of metal which ited a hoard of silver pieces that he had hidden in a stone wailofa barn. Trick- ling water had rusted away the tin box in which they were contained, Pigs, cows and instrumental, considey fond of el with it, it. pore than Weelth, mains redeeme sh i FE i ll : it t i | § g & BB é i | gree- | b reckoned over and both counts must agree. ‘This accomplicbed, the treasurer is credited with the amount represented. DESTROYED BY MACERATIOX. The divided halves of the bundles of bills are then packed in wooden boxes and con- veyed in a big covered wagon to the bureaa of engraving and printing. The progress of the wagon is watched by five men in @ one-horse carriage who follow closely. ‘These are the members of the cominittes sp- inted to oversee the destruction of the money. latter is taken to a room on the ground floor of the bnilding and poured through an | iron funnel into agreat iron crlinder in the collar below. The cylinder fs partly Aled with water and heated by steam. Its contents thus contributed are boiled for thirty-six hours, at | the end of whici thes arereduced to « mad-like P- mal is earried up stairs and passes oo ‘2 ‘machine which transforms ft into sheets one-fourth of an inch thick. In that shape it is dried, after which it is old to paper iil for stock. This paper stock is valuable, fetching $20 a hundredweight, because it is mostly linen fiber. It is redneed 80 per cent in weight by the pro- cess of drving. Anybody can buy the er pulp for 4a hundredweight. Certain perso do purchase it in considerable quantities for the purpose of casting it into crude representa- tions of the Capitol, the Washington monu- ment and busts of famons men. These are | sold in great numbers to strangers who visit | the capital of the Union. To each one of them is attached what is called an “estimate” of the value in macerated money represented. The | manufacturers make their own guesses. The | | “estimate” on .a large-sized replica of the| | monument is ordinarily $500,000, but the only | certainty about it is bused on the verdancy of | | the piigrim from afar. Formerly tho paper | cash was al! destroyed by means of fire made | intensely hot with an air blast; but Congress decided that it wasa better plan to preserve the pulp and sell it. All of the national bank | notes are treated separately at the Treasury | Depariment, being chewed up into minnte | fragments in a sort of tub with revolving | knives. DESTROYING SPOILED POSTAGE STAMPS. The Postmaster General has the use of the macerating machine at the burean of engrav- | i printing one day ineach week. He om- | eit for the destruction of spoiled postage steinps. The contractors who furnish Uncle | Sam With these stamps have an allowance of 2 | per cent for whatis termed spoilage. ‘They are printed in sheets of 400, and if one stamp is imperfect the entire sheet is rejected. How- | ever, rll of the st: produced, including the be given into the hands of the | partment. Formerly they were | reon Who had charge of this | work at one time chose to save some of these | from the dames, subsequently felling them fot r bis own benefit and ament. Ac- | it was decided that the boiling pro- | From the nt stamps the makers of such castings as have boon described turn out in molds small | red Indians: from the 1-cent stamns they manu- | facture blue Quakers, while from 10-con? stamps they produce green Africans, identified as such | by banjos. It is not known why the Africans should be green, unless it is supposed that their on has been affected by over indu! . both metal and paper, that is ioot by the people of the United States | enters importantly into the financial calewia- tions of the government. A few years ago it was reckoned by & congressional committes | that of the w ceemed fractional currency outstanding €3,000.000 worth had been lost or | destroyed. Accor: ugly this amount ws | tracted from the #10.000,000 previously d for the redemption of th: plasiers,"” and was transferred to the fund | for the payment of pensions. It is now be- | lieved by treasury experts that not more than | $1,090,000 wortin of the fractional currency bas | been destroyed or lost. They sre confident | that of the $15,090,090 in such notes aa yet out- | | standing $14,000,000 is in the bands of persons | | who bold them as curiosities, Many are owned by collectors, but there are hundreds of thou- sends of mdividuals who have retained speci- mens “just for fun.” Mowever, only a few | dollars’ worth of them are handed in to the treasury every year, and Uncle Sam will doubt- Jess remain just so much ahead. Out of tho | :20,000,000 worth first issued in 1863 4,000,000 | remains ontstanding. ‘There were four subse- issnes, nclading 3-cent and 5-cent note | Which aggregated $447,000.00. Of these $1 000,000 ‘remains unredeemed. Of the 5-cent notes 45 per cent are ontstanding, of the 10- cent notes 39 per cent, of the 25-cent notes | 20 per ceut, and of the’ 50-cent notes 11 per cent, | SMALL COINS Lost. Small copper coins are lost in euch enormous numbers thet the government is obliged to keep om coining cents at the rate of several millions of them every month. They change ands so often as to be subject to a multitude of accidents and owing to. their smaii value | they are not taken care of. This is no cause of regret to Uncle Sam, inasmuch as he buys the pennies in blank from a firm in Connecticut at the rate of 1,000 for #1. On reaching the mint in Philadelphia, whence all of them ate issued, they have merely to be stamped. There are 119,000,000 old copper pennies somewhere. No- nows what has become of them, except once in a while a single specimen turns up |inchange. A few yeurs ago 4,560,000 bronze 2-cent pieces were set afloat. Three millions itis very rarely that one 18 seen, Of $00,000 half cents, which correspond in vaine to Englieh farthings, not one has becn returned to the government for recoinage or is held by the treasury. Congress appropriates from $100,009 to $150,- 000 yeuriy for recoining the uncurrent silver | coins now in the possession of the Treasur; These are mostly half dollars and are not cir- culated because there is no demand for them. Not long ago the stock of them amounted to $26,000,000, but it is only about half that now. ‘The money set aside for recoining is not in- tended to pay for the cost of the minting, but | is required to reimburse the treasurer of the d States on account of the loss of weight which the silver pieces have suffered by abra- sion. This loss amounts to $30 on every #1,000, and it has to be made good in order to set the treasurer's accounts straight. Rese Bacue, ——— Ginger Cream. Cut in small thin pieces three ounces of pre- served ginger, put them in a bowl with three rt spoonfuls of tke sirup, the weil-beaten | int of good sweet cream, Mix these ingredients well together, put in a copper-bottomed eaccepan or farina kettle to prevent scorching and allow to cook slowly for ten minutes or until the mixture | thickens; then take immediately off the fire and beat with a wire spoon until nearly cold, Add two teaspoonfuls of pulverized sugar; then add oue ounce of gelstine previously soaked ia enough warm water to dissolve it. Straim the gelatine and ada the other ingredi- ents: beatall together watil thoroughly mixed, putina mold aad keep on ice until sent to the table, as it should be served very cold. If pre- pared carefully according to these directions @ dainty and delicions dessert will be the resalt, Afrothy whipped cream piled about the mold adds to the effect, but is rather too rich to be eaten with the dessert, ——+0+ Not Much to Lose. From Jndge. Bingo—When you and your wife come over to my hozse tonight you had better bring “along your umbrelle, It looks like in. Kingley—“No; I'll bring my cane. It dida’t cost ag much as my umbrel!n.” ——_—_~cor—____ From Life. |no prettier « | It ix. dormant rosebu: SPRING-TIDE ROSES. This City "Takes the Lond in the Business of Growing Them. |SIX ACRES UNDER GLASS. ‘The Greatest Rose-Growing Establishment im the World—How the Blooms Are Pre- pared for Traveling—The Story of = Rose Bush—The Way to Keep Such Flowers Fresh. ASHINGTON Is TO- day the leading city in the United States in re- spect to the culture of roses, The largest es- tablichment for the production of these flowers in the world is situated here. One firm jn this city has 150,000 of the plants growing under six acres of glans, \ store of the blooms are ZN chipped hence than from any other piace in the country except | ‘ew York. From here they are sent by tent of thousands to the west and all over the south. Roses are good travelers. ‘They can be carried | thousands of miles at any season of the year with certainty of their arriving in good condi- tion, ‘The system of packing by which they are kept freah for daysand even weeks while on a journey is both of4.and interesting. In the summer season, or whenever the weather is not bitterly cold, the roses are laid in along fat bor. with their heads at the two sand their stoms in the middie. There is ht of its kind than a box of bly opened. Over the stems led two strips of wood, d roses fr ofthe flowers an which servo as partitions, compartment in compartment 1s ploc.d slump Inrger oF smaller, 10 the distnnce that is to be traversed by the blossoma, 1f going to Denver. it would be iarge; to Chicago, it would be stnalier, The wooden box protects the ice from the heat so that it melts slowly; butas it melts it ccntinaally supplics to the flower stems cool, fresh water. They want no other nourishment on their journ well damped, is epread. FP roses were shipped from Washington to Mr. Mieke, President ria daugnier, when «Le ‘They arrived in London in good condition, rematwing fresh and beautiful for several days, It was like a glimpse of home to the traveler to seo Washington lowers. When the weather is very cold roses which must travel are carefully packed in cotton to kee them from being frostbitien, wita a layer of ext the flowers to provent evaporation. Protected iu this way the blooms red in thi ad. | are almost absolutely insured againct damage. PROPAGATING FROM SLITS. At the great esiablishmen: above referred to, where six acres of glass cover 150,000 rose plants, # most interesting feature is the propa- gation of the plants from slips, To obtsin new ts the Horist must propagate from the old. fake the stem of a rove in your hand and examine it, Wherever a leaf shoot forth you can eee peeping out at iis base where it joins the main stem tiny bit of light green growth. ; the place whore it lies is the “axil” of the smail ‘and the whole is known in floricuiture “eye.” Each of these eyes represents a poseible rowe bush. See how many eyes there are ina stem and calon- late how many rose bushes you eould get from anentire plant. The possibilities are enor- mous. From 500 plants you may get 25,000 cuttings and with proper care each of these will develop into s healthy plant from three to six fect high within eigh: months. Sometimes only vnc, sometimes two eyes are left on a cutting. ‘The bed prepared to receive the cuttings is of the cleanest river sand. It is from two to three inches deep and rests on a tiie foundation, Under this tiling run steam pipes, which keep the sand at » temperature of 75 degrees, while the temperature of the green honse is kept at 55"dogrees. The cuttings are a closely together in rows in the sand. Se ning is made in the sand witha knife blade; then the exttings are placed in it side by side, and finally the sand is prossed down with a piece of wood. When the bed is |tull tho sand is thoronghly saturated with water. In four or five days a little wart forms at the lower end of the cutting. In fifteon to eighteen days it begins to put forth roots, ‘Then the cuttings ere taken up carefully one by one and transferred by deft hands to “thumb pots” —ti things which look as though they had been made for a doll’s house, THE BADY PLANTS. As is the case with a young baby, the infant rose plant requires no sustaining food to speak of at frst. While in the heated bed of sand it thrives right mer upon light, warmth and moisture. The ws downward, callousing the wounded extremity of the cutstem and pro- jecting therefrom delicate little fibers, which extend themselves in every direction through ‘the sand, searching for water to drink. Like the baby again, on being transferred to ths “thumb pot” the young plani must not be gorged excessively with food. It must roceive just enough and no more. Accordingly, the gardener fills the little pot with a pinch or two of light loam mixed with sand, as the baby’s milk is diluted with water. The warm bright air of the green house gives the youthful rose bush a good appetite and it grows at sucha pace that pretty soon it requires more room. So then itis moved out of the “thumb pot” into a bigger pot, and again and again into big- ger ones until it has obtained fel adult devel- opment and is ready to be reguiarly planted in a bed of rich soil. As the young rose bush grows stronger nourishment it is supplied with richer loam and stimulants in the shape of fertilizers are fed to it in doses as strong us it will stand, ‘The cuttingsare made in the tulland are planted in the open green house beds next June for the following winter's blooming. They keep on blossoming through the subsequent summer and when they stop they are dug up and thrown Meanwhile others have been growing up to take their places. In one respect a rose bush is like a hon. The most economical method is to replace it @ younger one as quickiy as it has passed its first youth. The compost utilized here for growing the roses is the ordinary clayey soil mixed thoroughly with cow manure. At the big es- tabhishment just described there are three great manure tanks, One of them is filled every week with fresh cow manure, which is 5 and mixed with water. ‘The’ solution is then filtered into the two other tanks, out of which it finally through ® strainer into the pes slick leed te the various gress houses. Betore be ing used tt is dated, and frequently nitrates of soda and potash are added to it, The nitrates increare the size of the blooms. Tnis manure water is applied twice a week. Twelve boilers are employed for supplsing steam to heat the green houses, and in this way 2,000 ‘tons of coal are consumed aan! Mudey water is sprinkled on the glass with a hose, to give the roses partial shade. KEEPING OFF THE BOS Most peoplo admire roses more than any other flowers, Success with them is hardly more thana question of keeping o% the bugs and other things which prey upon their foliage. Most persons fail in growimg them because devote their attention to remedying the trouble instead of trying to prevent it. former is practically impossible, bat the latter is very easy. Once let the bugs and elngs get started ‘on # rose bush and you may as well give it up. Awixture of whale oil soap and stramed solu- toes lied with a ether. Administer the preventive freely ‘at the time when the young leaves are first com- nd can absorb SUGGESTIONS TO ROSE GROWERS, A Washington florist was kind erough to lend to the writer an essay of his own on'the subject of roses, from which much of the material for According to moist i f| { i iE ft H z EH i i t HI ‘I i i i 1 Be fi Over the buds tissue paper, | roses, but it will bleach the red rose or the one. Tho while roses are supply of light Keep your red in a chaded place, put the white and sellow ‘ones near the window. It is a simple to remember, but it ma} tty st ~~ your flowers. Change the water on your roses twice a day and spray alittle over the petals and leaves whenever convenient. The oftener tt ie changed would be the better for not for the fact that constant bandling might bruise them. Have a good pair of shears. and, when you lift the roses | Fase. clip the ends of the stems a Ii | Will dcaw in the refreshing water Let the water be coal. There are sev | of preserving the colorof roses, A‘ sali to the water is one way, Dossoms in blotting paper salicylic acid is another. proper solution of the acid you dip ordinary blotting paper tion, wrap it about the blomoue and paper around it the flowers will show very little | All effect from exposure to the hgbt and to ether bleaching infvences, Salicylic eed retards fermentation, which, next to sunlight, is the < active agent in robbing flower: of their color. To the soulful woman who said to him with yearning in her voice, “Oh, why do summer Toses fade?” Artemus Ward replied: “Because it ts their little biz. Lot ‘em fade.” Neverthe- Jens, there is no excuse for leaving your roses to wilt daring the night hours when you are asleep and when they can furnish pleasure to |nobedy. During the might roses should be ced where they will have cool, moist aif to resin them, so that they may have » “beauty sleep” and wake the next morning brighterand stier for the night's rest. If you havea ine collar where the tetnperature is eqan- eand the air damp, put your roses there. Otherwise, 2ny cellar room which ix removed from the heat of the furnace is # good place to store them. If you havea refrigerator thet is big enough, it ism good plan to keep the roses on ice over night, But the simplest way to provide for fi at night is to pat them om a table in the window of your drawing room, | bebind the lace curtains. y will get a anp- ply of fresh sir through the window crevices, and the curtains protect them from the overheated, heary ait of the room. Roses of ordinary varieties will often last more than a week when kept in this way. ROSES FOR PARTICULAR Usra, Too much eare cannot bo exercised ia the selection of roves for particular uses, It is not enough that arose should have a good eolur, a delightful fragrance, a superb shape. ‘The white “La France” is an exquisite rose for the tubie or room, but it will not stand the rough usage of the bail for balfan hour. Tho “Amer- ican Beauty” if a magnificent flower, but it is too large to be worn in the hair, For the able the most effective roses aro the white “La ladame Guillot” y."" They are also the mort ap- propriate for tho decoration of the drawing Toom. For the coraage the most beautiful roses, to be relied upon to stand severe usage, are the “Perle des Jardins,” the “Pape Gon- tier,” the “Souvenir of Woottou,” the “Cath erine Mermet” and the “ride.” For the bair othing quite equals in delionto beauty the ‘Mncame Guillot” For shipping to friends at 8 distance the most hardy roses are the “Bride;” afer them the “Mermet,” the ‘American powuty,” the “Papa Gonter,” the “Porle™ and the white “La France.” ‘Thore ere fashions in roses as there are faab- ions in dress, Each eeason sees some new bud established im popular favor, and, though the old ones never jose entirely their popularity, the new are apt to be more after for the time being because of their novelty. Two or thcce years represent the utmost term of popa- larity for a new rose. Last reasoneaw the in- troduction of a flower which perbape stands at the head of the hist as the most attractive «nd fragrant of all enitivated roses. It is the white “La Drance,” the bloom a delicate fork, pink, with vigorous growth and f ‘and well fuited for tabic of room decoraiic 2 plant, it is pecfeotiy hardy for bedding Next to ‘The business of cultivating flowers under giass has grown to such an extent withimthe last ten yeurs that it requires millions of dollars of expital where formerly it required thon- cote’ ‘Tho cere of @ great rose-growing estab- Lshment necessitates constant watchfulness and a thorough knowledge of what is needed to make the plants bring forth their best results. From the time thet tho tiny eutting is from the old rose bush until the new itself cut up each plant must receive individual attention and care. The slightest Ciscara in one rose bush may affect e thousand oth ery leaf and stem is t s shipment. Before being sbip with stems twelve to eigiteon harden ibem up." When the leaves and “harden them up.” =e? a tater inches: have become so far stiff stand mp under» long jou is importaut to pluck the bu proper time. As tae poet says— “Gather ve roselads while ye may, ‘tate same Bower that smiles today have chencbel an the wena Cheyer, —4 ney. So many inguiries are constantly made about the care of aoe and rabber plants thats ‘word about them will not be amiss. Here area few suggestions offered by the Washington florist dy quoted: To begin with do not keep them st: ling in water. All they re- juire is such treatment as would be given to any ‘ordinary plant. Keep the Yeaves clean. Water them thoroughly “when you Go water 0)