Evening Star Newspaper, November 12, 1892, Page 7

THE EVENING’STAR: WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY. NOVEMBER ANTS AND MILK CART. BELGIUWS CAPITAL The Gay Little City of Brussels Described. WHERE LACEIS MADE. Brussels the Paris of Belgium—Its History and Its King—Study in the Making and Selling of Lace—The Churches and Bulld- ings. cP tai Correrotaence of Ths Eventne Star Praskronr-am-Marn, Oct HE MECC American tourists, par- ticularly Indies, is Parts, whose beacty anf bril- liancy attract eo many thousands every year. There are two other cities in Europe which may favorably compare with the French capi- tal in these points. One is Berlin, so often given the mcongruous name— considéring the existing France and Germany—of of Germany. The other is Brussels, b. with ite beautiful modern buildings, ite broad boulevards and fine parks, may well be called the Paris of Boigium. Brussels is be- coming, deservediy, more and more popular with tourists, and has, also, a resident English povalation of from two to three thousand. Away back in tho seventh century St. Gery, bishop of Chambray, built a chapel on an island fm the river Sense. His preaching attracted large congregations, and, as the site proved euitable for building. village was founded, whieh gradually grew in a few hundred years a large town. The river ran through the ler of the city. ‘The fiat lands, lying on one of the water and intersected with many wel c by the trades people, |. eradually rising from ‘as covered with the the princes and the nobility. This @ivision regains until this day, although many the canals are now vanited over and the river fe under an archway which forms a new boule- The lower portion of Brussels is mach the more interesting on account of its ptc- turesquesess and history. The streets are narrow, dark and crooked. The projecting stories of the houses overbang each otber until they almont meet at the gubles and «but out the Night of day. The first rec rd of the city is Uader the name Brucsella, mea.‘ng “dwelling on which is found in Chronicles of the Eighth Century. TUE GRANDE PLace. One of the most interesting parts of the old town is the Grande Place. This is a large equare surrounded by magnificent specimens of mediwval architecture. Here twenty-five noblemen of the Netherlands were beheaded by order of the Duke of Alva, who watched the interesting scene from the windo. of the most remarkable specimens of erchutectare extant. the Maison du Roi. The Duke of Alva was sent to the Netherlands by Philip LI of Spain, with authority to extir- pate all the heretics. He was evidently just ween ocenpi LROPOLD, KING OF TRE BELGIANS. the maa ‘or the ) as be immediately estab- lehed a “es od to try ‘The two lenders of the Protestants, Dukes Eg- mont and Hoorn, were condemned to die, and during + before their execution they were md the Maison do Koi. It is said that they were conducted directly from a bal- f the house to the block br mesns of a 2. for fear of «rescue being attempted the enraged populace. Dake Alva spent six years in the 4 The Netherlands, and on bis return to Spain was wont to boast that, besides the numbers who | bei fallen in battle and those killed after vie- tories. be had, during that time, condemned 000 persone to be executed. He was un- vabtediy a very valuable aid to the bigoted King of Spai TE TOWN MALL The Hotel de Ville, or tewn hall, stands on om side of the Grande Place. It is nearly 500 reserved It is highly wated with numbers of statues, many of which are quite modern. The sides of the square contain the guild been well restored and are gilding. Hore is the {the guild of butchers, and various the tailors, archers, carpenters and . The & guilds were formed in thove cariy times much ms the “unions” are now in America, although under the general BOTAL FARK AND PaLack. trol of the governme: rartacss of our “ At the time of eformation the guilds were condemned as angerons to society and morals. but the last not disappear in Germany until 1869. gitation in this empire wed strength and power. wselx may compete with Paris in the the ins) nd, Kot i> sowctalty, “ono, exhibiting dress goods, « third china tare. "X'iarge stoge, such wa the Boston House Wacamaser's or Wlacy's, where overythi t of the store. Each of which date back several hundred | and lacking the ‘LacEMARING. If the traveler takes a carriage with a view to comfort while sightsesing he will find himse! at some time daring the drive, at the lacemak- ing establishinent. Here he will be met by a charming youug lady, who will show him tho lace in process of making. At the close of the survey he will be seated at a table and the young lady, even more charming than before, will show him the most exq needle-point and piliow-made lace. What can he do but purchase a handkerchief or fichu for his mother, wife or sweetheart? The driver of the droschke gots his per cent of the profits as as does the charming young Indy. agents of the lacemaking establishment aro stationed on the adjoining atrests, and if a «u picious-looking party appears speaking English or carrring a conspicuous red-covered baedcker they are immediately at his heels, and very digicult indeed 1 ix to shake them off. Belgium bas been justly famed for its pro- action of lace. Lacemaking became popular in Flanders and Venice at the same time, about the middle of the sixteenth century. Needle- point lace afterward made great advance also in Frapee, particularly at Alencon, which pro- duces the beautiful Point d'Alencon, but the } all nationalities. The invention of pillow-made lace ts credited to the Flemish, although it is not known at what date it came into use. ‘There is said to bes picture in the Church of St. Gammar, at Lierre. ascribed to Quentin Massys in 1495, in which is introduced a girl making lace ona pillow quite similar to those HOTEL DE VILLE. in use at the present day. An immense quan- | tity of machine lace is now made at Notti bam, England, and at Calais, France. was recently mado at Calais by the Leavers lace machiuea reproduction of a piece of fine | low lace. The imitation was ex- actly the same ss the original, with the excep- | tion of @ thread outlining the pattern of the | Intter, and sells for 30 cents a yard, while the | piece of Mechlin lace is worth at least 6.50 a | yard! CHURCHES AND ROYALTY. ‘The Cathedral of St. Gudule is situated on a tise of ground not far from the palace. It isa fine old church of the thirteenth has nothing very futeresting in it except the stained glass windows, which are remarkably besutiful. In the 1 of the Sacrament are five windows, presentel by five of the most werfal Catholic sovereigns in Europe from Joo i547. The per halves of the windows represent the tealing of the Hoste by certain Jews, who placed them in their synagogues. The miraculous bleeding of the Hosts so terri- fied the thieves that they endeavored to restore them to their proper place, but were seized and put to death. It is @ singular fact that Americans. born with the spirit of republicanism, are more curious than any other people about royalty. The Court Victoria, is most eagerly read in the London Times, and if a royal personage drives past us none others of the crowd are more obsequious or interested than the man who at home goes on the principle of absolute liberty, or as the | French delight in expressing Liberti Egalite, Fraternite.” A true American never misses a palace if it is possible to see it, #0 we were very particular to walk by the residence of Belgium's second ruler, Leopold The fing which was flying from the staff on the top of the building assured us that the king was at home. | { Belgium bas bad a king of its own only 1890, when it freed itself from the government of Holland. The history of Belgium has been a varied one. It belonged in the ninth centary to the kingdom of Charlemngne and in the di f his property became part of Germ: fifteenth century it passed into the hands of | the house of Hapsburg and came. through | | Benuity of man has interfered to help the | Charles V, emperor of Germany and king of Spain, under control of the Spanish. The ex- | treme cruelty which the Duke of Alva, under | Philip IT of Spain, used against the Protestants occasioned the great revolt of the Netherlands, In 1830 the Belgians became independent and | Leopold I reigned until 1865, when be was | ceeded by the present king. ' The Archduchess Stephanie, second daughter of Leopold II, who | married ‘the ill-fated Archduke Rudolph, | erown prince of Austria, allied the Belgian: jand Austrians. Unfortunately, there are no | sons living and the heir t | Bandoin, son of the king's brother, the Count | of Planders. The palace is a very large, ‘in-looking: building, built directly on the pls Proba- | bly it is more lacking in comfort within than | the ordinary house in America. Purnaces ap- | pear to be unknown in European countries and ‘the furniture is of a massive and uncomfortable | kind. In the rear of the palace is a magnificent | park, which is open to the public. THE ROIs DE LA caMBRE. Abroad avenue leads from the palace tos forest, with is intersected with fine roads | and paths. ‘This wood is very similar to the | Bois de Boulogne at Paris and covers 450 acres. It ts the fashionable driveway, and about 4 | e’elock in the afternoon one is very sure of getting alook at the Belgic nobility. Tauxvs. — | ‘The Day the Ghost Walks. From the New York Herald. She (gusbingly)—There are days when we | seem more in unison with nature than at other | times; when our hearts seem to beat in accord | with ‘the sublime harmony of the universe. Have you never noticed? Hi my boy, tei me what ani- by nature from the ravages of win My boy—‘Those that live on the line of the ‘equator, sir!” Men | lace of Brassols and Mechlin is sought ‘after by | Circular, which we know is authorized by Queen | the throne is Prince | THEY WANT A SHOW. Bee Farmers Propose to Ask Uncle 8am to Recognize Their Industry. HATCHING QUEEN BEES. ae Fifteen Million Dollars’ Worth of Honey Pro- duced in the United States This Year—A Business Which Women May Pursue With Prefit—Amazing Yankee Inventions for | Helping the Bees in Thetr Work. HE BEE KEEPERS of the United States meet here in convention next month. They want recognition from | the government of their industry, which this } 5 year produced @1 | 000,000 worth of honey | and $1,500,000 worth of | wax. Among the things they wish to obtain trom Congress is legis- lation forbidding the | counterfeiting of their products. At present zid honey is so largely adulterated with glu- | cose that it is difficult to buy the pure article. | Attention will be called to the fact that the honey making business in this country is at vet in its infancy, and that it is capable of an ex- | pansion #© great as to vastly surpass the present | production of vagar from the sugar cane. Four contiguous counties in one etate Inst soason turned out 4,000,000 pounds of honey, this | quantity representing but a small fraction of | what might have been gathered. When it is considered that from fourteen to eighteen | pounds of the nectar are sometimes collected within twenty-four boura by a single hive of | of appropriating money to instruct the farmers in scientific methods of bee culture. THE BUSINESS OF RAISING QUEEN BEES for sale has become a very important one in this country within the last few years. One Indy in Texas reared and sold 2,000 last sum- mer, which is alarger number than has ever been produced ina year by any man. Bee- keeping in general isan industry vers suitable make money by it. For raising queons minia- ture hives are employed—little wooden boxes, bit of honeycomb and « single queen cell con- taining a queen bee not yet hatched. An ordi- nary hive produces froma dozen to 300 queen- beaving cella éach season, #0 that it is simple matter to detach them from the broodcomb and use thera in the manner described. Soon after the queen bee is hatched in the little box she flies out of it high in the air, where she mates with a drone, thereupon returning to the box and beginning immediately to lay eggs, one in each of the hexagonal cells constructed by the worker bees to receive them. A few days later her progeny begin to appear, full fledged, and the young workers among them are examined to make sure that their breed is pure. Without this precaution it could not be known with cer- tainty that the queen had paired with one of her own species, and purity of stock in bees is as important as with cattle, “DOLLAR QUEENS. If the offspring are all right the queen is considered “tested” —in other words, she can be guaranteed to give birth only to pure-bred voung ones, being provided with about 1,500,- them fertilized by that one ‘ested queens are worth from $2 to $5 each; untested ones, not guaranteed, there- fore very commonly selling for only $1 apiece usually, When the Young queen is taken from the miniature hive for sale a new queen cell is put into the box and the operation is repeated as before, each box thus producing a fresh queen for market every few weeks. The queens propagated in ing a bit of candy for food, all over the world, even as faras Australia, Sample workers and drones are kept in the same manner, the price asked for them being only 5 cents apiece. They are transported by mail. Post office regula- tions used to declare them unmailable, but this restriction has been withdrawn in the United States and in most European ee duty of 20 per cent imposed on im in this country from abroad has been removed, the plea being successfully urged that they nimals imported for breeding pur- poses,” and as such free under the law. THE QUEEN CELL PROTECTOR, The breeding of queen bees in this manner has been facilitated by a remarkable American invention. When a cell containing an un- hatched queen has been newly put into the miniature hive the worker bees have not had | time to become aware of the fact that they | bave no queen. Accordingly, because they will | suffer only one mistress, they would very soou kill the immature queen by stabbing ber with | their stings through the walls of ber cell, ouly | that this is prevented by artifice. Before put- ting the queen cell into the little box it is in- | closed in a “queen cell protector,” which is | simply a apiral coil of wire. This wire coil ta itimpossible for the bees to get at | the queen. Before whe is ready to emerge from | the cell of her own accord ihe workers* have j had time to ascertain that they are without « | queen and they are glad enough to receive her | dutifully wnen abe comes out, for it must be remembered that the worker bees, themselves females which are undeveloped sexually, make the perpetuation of their species the sole object of their lives. For this they literally work themselves to death, storing up honey to feed future broods, building cells for hatching and storage purposes and nursing the young grubs. Only the queen the eggs which produce workers and queen: THE COMB POUNDATION. one of the ways jn which the in- } | i honey bees in their work. The Germans were | the first to invent what is called “comb found tion,” which is sheet wax, one-sixteeath of an inch thick and stamped in such « manner that both sides are covered with smali hexagons slightly raised from tho surface and formed ex- actiy on the pattern adopted in nature by the eos, This is sold at a smail price by the square foot. Tho bee keeper suspends a piece of it in acomb trame, which he places in a hive, and the bees ase it as a foundation in building their cells. Thus they are enabled to store up much honey. which they would otherwise be obliged | to utilize in the form of wax for purposes of | construction. Wax is a very costly product | from the bees’ point of view, requiring for ite | Manufacture several times ‘its own weight in |honey. Accordingly, the insects pursue the utmost economy in’ its employment, making from single pond of it $5,000 to 80,000 cells, whiel af wall and ceil toundations are provided, there is ‘@ great saving of la! and material and much | more honey is stored in a given time. STAMPING THE WAX. The German method of making this comb foundation was to stamp tho shests by hand, But that process was too slow to satisfy the in- Nentive Yankoo geniay, which has devised » very simple machine for doing the work. It looks somewhat like a clothes wringor, with two metal cylinders engraved in intaglio, be- tween which sheete of wax are passed, coming out on tne other side all ready for use. The wax sheets are obtained by dipping a wet board into a tank of pure melted beeswax. Coatings of wax adhere to both sides of the board, and they are peeled off after cooling. A dozen large firms in this country manufacture this comb foundation. One of them, in Hlinois, turned out 80,000 pounds of it last year. But the most remarkable point about the con- trivance * thet the outlined calle covering both i of the imitation comb are pul sas exactly the sles of wockar calle. Tt oat be understood that the cells designed by the bees for the reception of eggs that produce workers are smaller than the cells which are destined to accommodate young drones, because the latter are bigger. The queen lays only worker ‘eggs in the cells prepased for them and drone in the cells meant to produce drones, In ea ‘with fow if any idie drones. Reports have been widely cir- ited to the effect that honeycomb itself is counterfeited, but this has never been succese- fully accomplished, though an offer of €1,000 for sample of artificial honeycomb that would deceive anybody has been standing for years. ‘THE MANUFACTURE OF BEESWAX is in itself an important industry in this coun- try. Formerly it was prepared in a crude by simply pressing the honey oat of the comb. The best of it is made from the cappings with which the bees cover up the cells after they are filled with honey. It is now commonly re- fined for market by @ new process of beingemployed to assist the operation. The crude wax is into ® shallow metal tank covered with glass, along- side of which is a mirror so placed as to reflect ‘the rays of the eun into the tank. This _pro- duces a very high temperature inside of the ottom of which is an inclined plane. Phe wax sats melts runs down and strains itself through wire gauze into a receptacle, After cooling it is ready for market, TRE MANY USES OF REESWAX, Beeswax is utilized for a great variety of pur- poses—amoug others, for artificial flowers, pho- nograph cylinders, ointments, _pomadee, leather dressings and the beautifying of floors. It is used for embalming the dead and by den- tists for taking molds of people's Jaws. In India it is employed for dyeing cloths, thoro rtions of the fabric which are not intended jo take the color being covered with a thin layer of wax. One of the moat important uses bees it will be seen that there is profit in bee | keeping. Secretary Rusk is strongly in favor | for women and they have proved that they can | in each of which are put a handful of beos, a| called “‘doliar queens,” | oxes, each contain- | for beeswax isin the manufacture of candles. | Roman Catholic fog are not permitted by | the regulations of the church to employ candles made of any other material than wax produced | | by bees. Inthe Greek Church every one who | attends divine services must fetch a candle | of wax people provide themselves language or the vonng women of Washington | at e height of about 9,000 feet, accompanied i> ame ost Gan see part ot | fe Femarkably adept fn'concealing sad. hearts Baptiste, the guide, who marched in front. The the Mediterranean these tapers are current like | U24¢r teriors, wince the signification in | coins, being a medium of exchange in a small way. The charitable give them to beggars in- stead of coppers. Mendicants go from door to door with baskets, collecting the little candles, and sell them to the churches, In Europe much wine and vinegar are made from honey, and in France cakes of honey, sugar and almonds are consumed in vast quantities. Honey is chiefly utilized for medicinal purposes in China, here, as well as in India, the larvw of bees are considered a delicacy, and the brood combe containing young grubs are much relished. BEE STINOS Tt has been discovered within recent years that bee stings are good for rheumatism. Bo- cause it is difficult to utilize the insects them- selves for such a medicinal purpose a sui instrument hes been devised with a reservoir in which a small quantity of venom from the poison glands of bees ia put, a dozen needles uncturing the skin simultaneously and intro- acing the poison into the circulation. Bee- keepers with advanced ideas have entertained » hope that by cureful breeding it might be pos- ble in the course of time to got rid of the ge of bees, which render them more or less dificult to handle. However, there is not the least prospect that this will be ac- complished. Bees differ very much as to tem- perament, some varietiew being more irritable than others. “The Italian bees are compara- | tively atiable and ensy to deal with, and this fe | one reason why they are at present the greatest | favorites among the several races which have | been imported from abroad, It is hardly necessary to remind the render that there were no bees in this country before Columbus dis- covered America, The Italian bees have other | advantages, being industrious honey gatherers, prolific breeders and very active fending their hives from the wax moths, which lay their | eggs in the honey in order that their larve may feed upon it. Before long an attempt will b made to introduce into the United States the giant bees of India, which build combs in the forest us big as house doors. Their honey is | gathered by professional bee hunters. The drones are no bigger than ordinary bees, and for that reason it is more likely that they would breed with the races now domesticated here. These bees of India have longer tonguee than other bees, and thus they would be able to get from many kinds of flowers much honey that now goes to waste. Alarming stories are told of the extraordinary ferocity of these species, sswarms being seid to have attacked native vil- lages with fagpl results; but expert beckeepers would have no difficulty in handling them. THE SCIENCE OF APICULTURE. Though bees were not native to America, it is only on this continent that apiculture has be- come scientific. In Europe, save in England, beekeeping has never advanced beyond the most primitive conditions, Everywhere across the ocean one finds in common use the old straw hives, resembling in appearance the typical hive employed as an industrial sign. Where boxes are employed movable frames are un- | known, and the only recognized method for ob- taining the honey is to kill all the bees prelim: narily by smokigg them with sulphur fumes, | permitting jcient uumber of colonies to survive for reproductive purposes. The bee- keepers of the United States are anxious to pro- pare a great exhibit to represent their in- dustry at the world’s fair at Chicago. Un- | fortunately, the management of the exposi- | tion is likely to defeat this purpose by requirements. It demands $4 a lineal foot to | pay for cases to contain the honey and other prodncts, and the bee farmers do not feel that they can afford such an expenditure, inas- much as they would require a very consider- able space for the proper display of their pro- ducts,” On the other hand, Canada is coming to the fair with the finest and most complete apicultural exhibit that has ever been made, nd it is likely to throw into the shade the show of the beekeeping industry of this country. INVENTIONS OF YANKEE ORIGIN. Nearly all of the important inventions re- |Ieting to the production and manufacture of honey and beeswax.are of Yankee origin. Among them is the contrivance for separati | honey from the comb by centrifugal force. | This idea, like so many other mechanical dis- eoverics, was the result of accident, being sug- gested tothe inventor by his little boy, who whirled a bisket containing a piece of honey- | comb around in the air. Drops of honey flew | out of the basket, and, lo! the notion was con- | ceived. Much anxiety was felt not long ago by the beekeepers of the United States lest the | reciprocity treaty with Spain should ruin their business by removing the duty on the honey of ‘ub. That Spanish colony is the finest honey- producing country in the world, the rich soil and | warm climate combining to bring forth # wealth | of nectar-giving blossoms at all seasons, of | the year. Mr. Biaine listened to an appeal on | the ubject and the tariff on this product was | permitted to stand. Because liquid or strained | honey is a competitor in the market with cai sugar, the bee farmers were not pleased wha. duty was removed from the latter article. To illustrate the usefulness of honey for human consumption, it may not be inappropriate to finish by quoting « word from the classics, It ix recorded that Augustus Cesar, dining with Pollio Rumilius on the occasion of his one bi | dredth birthday, asked him how he had sac- ceeded so admirably in. preserving the vigor of his body and mind. ‘To which the centenarian replied laconically: “Externally by oil, internally by hone; pita acer THE KOOLAK A RUSSIAN VAMPIRE, Plunders the Peasants of Their Last Kopeck by Usury. ‘St. Petersburg Correspondent London Telegrapb. T have frequently called attention to the de- plorable condition of the Russian peasantry un- der the tyranny of the village usurers. The Societe Economique has now published a calcu- lation that the rural population is paying two hundred millions per annum interest to the koolaks. This is about equivalent to sie inter- est annually paid on the national In fact the usurers have discounted the state revenues, and gradually sucked the peasantry so dry that ‘they are now refusing to have anything more to do with them, Hitherto when a commune could not pay its taxes the koolak paid and took the crops of the population for several years in advance as re- ex in e have been reduced to euch utter ruin that even the koolaks will no longer lend. The result, of course, will be that none of the’ enormous arrears will be paid, nor. will tt be possible to collect taxes until the peasants have recovered And, unless » check is put on the recov take place, for recommence t | still is goin, Paper, the 0 years igo a Rostoff borrowed 100. rul month, giving aill for 200. pay his 160 at the end of at the end of the second crop, which brought him in 200, all of w he had to pay, and remained still a debtor 56 rubles. 4 § been lawfully and botanically christened Chrys- anthemum carinatum. tempt Jast now, even that being so much of « mouth filler that one and sometimes two syl- lables of the word escape somo people in the effort at pronunciation, and as a they go about babbling ecstatically of “‘chrysan- thums.” love, apd to belie sels seen on the bunches of chrysanthemums gowns are ness as blighted beings is not only hard to credit in the face of such point, blank evidence to the contrary, but is, as well, too severe a reflection upon the good taste of the young of the capital city to be powsible. translated,means the keel-shaped golden flower, from chrysos, golden, anthemon, a flower, and carina, a keel, can be divided in parently endiess varieties into sorts, the Propristely named, as they look like nothing $0 mue comprising the large globy Sowers tone or roy ives in diameter, and | stly are probably the most po] their form and coloring that the floral critic would be carping indeed. fo pre-eminently a florist’s dower—that is, a flower which throngh the intervention of man has been made to take on formsand colors widely different from its original types, since when it 200 years ago. double chrysanthemums wer blossoms of today were things totally un- THE FLOWER OF AYyrUMN. “Soft waa the violet's vernyl hue, ANTHEMUM WAS AND WHAT IT I8—IN ITS r waa Toast wie Do ORIENTAL woste. Follorbey the siately daiivcrw = oes Esther "earthening wrt attnan werinpeds the groves are dams 4 “Thou comest when the rose is dead, tron Bowerg areee ube to9 boson cat towers Pink and iy both have fled, fa Looms tbe bright chiyssn' e ‘ of winter braves, and back Tecall'st thelr beauty fled.” fany Citera chil Novos te, Golden an ND WHAT IS MORE, MOST FAIR ONE, aggre Sy eeer tae acecle ‘that is mot your full name, for a STaR ome Re and ten” writer hes unearthed the fact that you have eran ail A Nobile Self-Sacrifice Which ts Not De- . manded by Fate. From the Youth's Companion A book of M. Rouvet which recently ap- peared in Paris narrates an incident in the life | of the famous architect, Viollet-le-Duc, which | occurred in July, 1870, when he was in Switzer- | end. But plain chrysanthemum is all we will at- uence And either the language of flowers isa dead | He was one day on the Schwarzenberg glacier, | bs two men were attached to each other by # rope, ss is usual in Alpine mountaineering. The guide bad crevasse, but | when M. Viollet-i ttempted to cross it he failed and fell into the abyes. The guide tried to pull him out, but instead he found himself | Fradually ing. ‘The architect perceived that his companion, if he persisted in the attempt to save him, would surely share hisfate, and he asked if Bap- tiste had a family. | “A wife and children.” was the answer. | “Then,” said Viollet-le-Duc, quietly, “I shall | cut the rope.” He did so and fell, but » block of foe thirty feet lower down stopped his descent. When | Baptiste saw this and that for atime the danger | was lessened he wont in search of help and re- turned with four stout peasants. Three hours afterward Viollet-le-Duc was extricated. In spite of his perilous position the ruling ion was strong with the artist, for altho 1 was almost covered with icicles from tl dripping water he had contrived to make draw- | ings of the novel effects he was able to perceive. | In his book on the Alps he mentions his fall as if it were a fortunate accident. x flower of this feathery favorite is slighted that the hundreds of dam- enue and in the theaters with pinned to their i doneath masks of cheerf 178 coNsTavcTION. Chrysanthemum carinatum, which, literally spite of ite 9 Three distinct ompons, tiny round blossoms three- quarters of on inch'in diameter and most ap- 3 & rosette or pompon; the Chinese, ir thickly nese, siz inches and rv of the last family mlar, and iu fact Pintinite variety in theeo present such an almost see Curious Explosion on a Cruiser. From the London Daily News. Letters received from Singapore give particu- Jars of an explosion which occurred on board the cruiser Mercury, one of the ships of the China squadron, on the 2istof September. The | epirit room, which opens into « narrow and ill- | ventilated space on the starboard side of the main magazine, was being opened by the cap- tain of the hold, the ship's steward and sevcral | other men standing by torender him any neces- sary assistance. A cask of spirits had been lifted out and Charles Over, a first-class petty officer, was who could not find berein something to his taste THE CHRISANTHEMUM OF TODAY was first introduced into Europe from Japan, rarely seen, while the size and colors of the | dreamed of. Its introduction, too, was made in a most un- decorative spirit, as it was bronght from the cast purely and simply becanse it was supposed to possess mediciteal qualitice—e sapgoeition | about to HI ‘snother cask Gut “of the Batch, that its strong aromatic odor would seem to | when iy roars gee occurred, throwing confirm—like many members of the immense | the men about in all directions end burning family. the Composite, to which it belongs, aud | seven of them, two very severely. Charles its importers being disuppointed in its healing | Over. the lower part of whose. body was virtues it consequently attracted little attention | frightfully burned, and six other injured men except from botanists and true flower lovers | Were itamediately attended to by the till the beginning of the present century, when | *urgeon of the ship. At the same time the craze for producing new varieties of tulips | ‘‘fire quarters” were sounded, and in a very that originated in Holland spread out among | few minutes the magazine was completely other flowers reaching at last the chryeanthe- | flooded with water, as all the woodwork around mum, 1d the efforts of the officers Mercury were successful in | putting out the flames before any serious dam- | ‘age had been done to the ship. The petty off- cer, Over, and another man were removed to the Singapore Civil Hospital, where Over died on the seme evening. He was buried on the following day with naval honors. A court of inquiry into the cause of the acci dent failed to throw much hgbt on the occur. rence. The place where the explosion occurred is lighted by one of Colomb's lamps, and the | theory is that in a small, dark space ‘so badly | | ventilated the spirit gas had become sufficiently ‘concentrated to expiode, the lamp, it 1s be- lieved, having been partly open at the time. How IT WAS INTRODUCED. The seeds from which came the first speci- mens in America were brought here seventy years ago from China direct by sailors and sown about their homes on Long Island, where, | in old gardens, descendants of the original | plants can be seen today. These seafarers were prompted to the act by the fact that France, then as now a leader in floriculture, about that time took up the cultivation of the ‘chrysanthe- mum in earnest an effort which has resulted in the elaborate specimens of the globular ty; with reflexed and incurved petals seen in chrysanthemum shows of this year of grace 1892. LONDON'S FIRST SHOW. In 1850 London inaugurated its annual exbi- bition of this flower in Temple and Inner Temple gardens, a proceeding which it has kept up ever since, these gardens, where the flowers are planted in beds ‘and borders, with Little tents of muslin arranged to stretch over them nights to ward off the frost, being, indeed, one of Sag oxambes attractions of the world’s ‘The Pragmatic Sanction, From the London Times. The recent deputation to Louis Kossuth may possibly have unforeseen consequences. It appears that M. Kossuth told the deputation that the Hungarian parliament chould insist ‘Spon Abe day of dynastic succession, known as the Pragmatic Sanction, being de- posited in the Hungarian state archives. Some years agohe had applied to the state archives of Vienna and had been told that the original copy of the Pragmatic Sanction did not exist in that ent and it was not known where it was tobe found. ‘The Austrian his- torian Hormayr had told him that the Prag- matic Banction had been forged. As the succession to the throne was regu- lated by the Pragmatic Sanction, they must sist on the original being produced. It will perhaps be weil to mention here in what the Austrian Pragmatic Sanction consists. In the beginning of the last century the male line of the house of Hapsburg was threatened with extinotion after having during more than The starting of this London chrysanthemum show gave another impetus to the culture of the plant in America, the pompons and ancestors of the present Japanese varieties being about that time introduced here. The march in popular favor has been steady since then and the shows of this flower given annually in many of our eastern cities compare not unfavorably with those of London and Paris. HOW NEW SHADES ARE SECURED. New shades and forms in chrysanth m8 are made, as in other flowers, by securing seed produced by crossing different varicties—or rather that is the man-made way of getting a new chrysanthemum, for the chrysanthemum itself now and then lends a little assistance and sends up a shoot whose blossoms prove to be juite distinct from those of the parent stalk dint bore it—as if the plant, too, were am- bitious for the aggrandizement of its race and was going to aid as much as possible the floriculturists’ efforts in its behalf. This is called “sporting,” and 1s an occurrence which cannot be predicted by man or brought about in any way but by the plant itself. It usually takes place in white varieties after they have been cultivated for some years, ations produced by them are generally pink or yellow. Cuttings taken from these up- Ftart shoots will root and become individual chrysanthemums, adding another to the list of varieties already running into the thousands, ORIENTAL ECSTACIES OVER THE FLOWER. When it occasionally looks as if the entire occiderttal world was going crazy over the chrysanthemum, if we would turn our glances ‘to the orient we would see that we are clothed and in our right mind when compared with the ecstacies into which the Japanese go ovec this, ‘their national fower. They are a flower-loving race to begin with, their year being divided into six flower seasons—the time of the blossoming of the camelia, the flowering of the geo the cherry, the wisteria, the lotus and lastly,and to crown all, thechrysan' umn- to which they refer in conversation as commonly as do to spring, summer, autumn and winter; and the chrysanthemum being the national flower and coming in the month of the empe- ror's birth, its sixteen-petaled being, besides, the imperial or government crest, the time of its flowering is made a gala the entire nation. constituting the Austro-Hungarian | monarchy. The Emperor Charles VI, the last male de- endant of the house of Hupeburg, shortly after his accession to the throne decreed a new | law of succession, which, at the same time, as it provided for the perpetual union of the dif- ferent Austro-Hungarian countries, stipulated that on the extinction of all male heirs the throne should go to the members of the Haps- burg family, | ‘The Pragmatic Sanction contains further de- | tails concerning the succession and also the family statutes of the imperial house. ————eo-—_— But It Isn’t Gambling. From the Gripsack. Three hundred wishbones dressed like dolis and 200 hickory nut penwipers in a chureb fair b bag, with chances $2 exch, ls not gam- , but it isn't a square deal. The Peril of the Cow. From the Irish Times. The future of the cow looks dark. Itis now Proposed—patent applied for—to milk her by means of “two pairs of elastic and feather roller segments, having rocking, approaching | and receding movements.” The description of the machine adds that “it rests in a self-ad- A URIQUE SHOW. At Dango-zaka, a suburb of Tokio, there is probably the most umque chrysanthemum show on the face of the planet, and prep- arstions are made for it months in advance— ‘ven before the plants have begun to bud. Skeleton ingenious device te supplant the Ji feskioned nious su] e \-fae! alarm clock, He ‘knows be will be a ate. mum that widen out into chrysanthe- mum rivers. Within the last few y. too, the phonograph bas been called into requiei- tion to enbance the illusion. Every one this show and for the time hat 1 continace the ingle « a thronged with admiring vialtors. Variety is ad to the ex- FAIRFAX CO’'T HOUSE. eng is og hanting in Fairfax now anil —— wher. the piping partridge sbotgum A Quartet of Ne: Pay © Vialt to | Locus along the ton, or something like batt That Interesting Village. | The wild turkey is also there for the mam agree rkillfel enough to get within range of it, but Now THFY REACHED THERE AND WHAT THEY it is easier for the average shot-gunnist to bay DID—*oME RELICS OF AXTIQUITT—THE STAR | a wild turkey than it isto Mill it. That's what Arraactions—wasetxoro3's wis axporasn | Fiton Holbrock, « bright young fellow te ae misToR: office, fara, am © DocUMENTe—IN Peace ap quiet. | SOU." Gh wey bowever, to ty nwae Correspondence ‘Sina | gun if anybody trom Washington wat Brceeth che ant Cctsee nie go slong and see a city sport waste bie am- Where oid Virvinin s mount Mariiion on the unresponsive and dia; honous atmosphere of Fairfax county. | _ Psirfax ie expecting a boom as soon as the B. and ©. railroad gets ite southern brageh em 6 trees thet Grin Asleoping vidiage peace:u) Tes Fats tended that way, and she bas been waiting long enongh. The spirit of the boomer is however, and wr heard of one man who © farm for $900: insured a honse on it €1,000, house burned down; insurance com- 3 built him s new one, and now he wants rev 86,000 from the railroad ‘people for right of ae je alway The Vanderbilt of Fairfax ie worth @100,000 end i* a bachelor. 6 THAT IS IT?” INQUIRED OOL. MUS- | sey, Mr. Martin and Major Randolp! three wise newspaper rowsters (not roosters), when I had read these lines to them. lone neidew “It's a prospectus.” said I, “setting forth a | Col. Musscy as it rattled alon case of the melancholy-days-have-come and not | @P4, who loves the country, sigbed: @ real estate boom poem, as one might imagine | at first blush, admitting that you may yet be able to blush.” | “Um —urt,” said they, ignoring the innueudo | and reading the lines themselves, “‘we seem to need something of that sort in our business.” And forthwith the party went to Fairfax by railroad, and there took a hack of the vintage of defo’ the wah for Fairfax Court Houre, the county seat. | It was the last Friday in October when after | & dusty ride of three and seven-eichths miles in the mail n our driver gladdened the hearts of the expedition by the welcome shout from the dash deck of “‘Fairtux ho” and for the dolent of red leaves and yellow fields and first time in our history we had discovered | skies and soft seductive air, and the odore Peitfex Court House. Four hundred years | the old times come again, and one week before this Friday Columbushad | P. 8.—Take # flask along, discovered America. . I mentioned this to Col. Mussey. “Yes,” said he, “the fairfactaproveit,” and a horse Janghed. Prom the Jewelers’ Circu! ar It was an old brown horse working on the | Patterns of girdles worn by Indies in the «ix- ee eae with one car eaten away by the moths, | teenth and at the beginning of the seventeenth aim od # good thing when he bad heard if | cot. wore very mach uihe, Somme girdles A few minutes after this calamity we dis | Weré formed of gems set with a lange besel, barked right in the middle of a street. | Covered with white, red or black enamel It’s all the same where you light,” said the | Chains banging down the skirt held a mirror, Ariver. “You're in Pairfax now, and you can't | & puree ora fan. If wewereto judge from the be any inner thon you are, and if you go much | Words of the designers, euch as Hans Collaert, farther you'll have to go on around the world | Woeriot, Vovert and Ducercean, we should bee before you strike it again.” |Meve that pendants worn during that period From which we inferred that Pairfax was not Were much varied in shape. “great city. Asin fact it is not. Not a man| Yet ou portraim we only see besides jeweled elongated | At 2o'clock in the afternoon we hied our one homeward ir the hack. “ | “Have you a hacksident poliay?” inquired ig, and Maj. Rew And Mr. Martin didn’t enyaword. He ha deen to Fairfax Co't House and the measure of bis gladness was full to the brim. He had Janned the expedition and it was At 248 our train came by and by do'clod& we were again in Washington To all mer greeting: If yon want little autumn enting take a day Fairfax Court Houre. Once may be enough, but it will always be a pleasant memory, re- W. J. Lamrrox. — | Jewelry of Tormer Times, of us but what hed been willing to allow it at letters, crosses and oval cameos least s population of 1,200, but it falls short of | motifs exbi outlines, that by 800 or 900. |tematk nowhere penda ~ To him who in the love of natnre holdscom- | sitting inu bower ma mounion with ber visible forms Fairfax speaks «| Waves, varied language, or words to that effect, for figures ai Fairfax is truly rural,” remarked Mr. Martin, | Architectu when we had walked about the town for half doubt perf: an hour on a tour of inspection, &c. | “Bat never toory looral.” suggested Major Randolph; “for verily in the length thereof nor in the breadth thereof can we find aught but water to cool our parched tongues.” And it was so. Yet, as we departed, a ead the citirens carried their “toory loorala” in their pockets or concealed it in black bottles behind the doors | of their barns. He also said that those who | were not acclimated to the Fairfax brand could | not get it unlessthey would give a bond not to drink {t on the premises, lest they should fall deed on the spot. ‘There is very little drinking in Fairfax, and on this account the town is serenely and beau- tifully quiet, and the graveyard is abouta quarter of a mile down the road. Fairfax Court House fs a century plant and the county records date back to 1752. The court house was built in 1800 and is of brick, with a brick floor outside of the bar, which. by the way, is the only bar in Fairfax, and a bri floored "porch or arcade in front, the lai square brick composing it having been brought } from England before the McKinley bill had be- | gan to getin itsdeadly work on foreign in-| dustries, The star attraction of Fairfax Court House is the last will and testament of the late| lamented George Washington, a well-known and highly respected citizen of Virginia. The will is in the county clerk’s office, kept for safety in a safe a burglar could crack in ten minutes, and it cannot be removed from this place short of constitutionalamendment. The | centennial commissioners tried to get it for their show in 1876 and now Chicago wants it for 1893, but it is not likely Chicago will get it. It is just as well, too, bly, for if Chicago ever does got hold of it Fairfax may as well say good-bye to it,and the next breeze from the South will bring to our sors. the clash of re- | sounding spades wherewith Chicago is digi up the classic shades of Mount Vernon to traus, fer that place to some vacant lot in that ravenous city to match the will and complete the tout ensemble, as it were. It {8 considered quite an honor, as those | things go, to be the clerk of Fairfax county and | ex-officio custodian of Washington's will, but Clerk Richardson is very modest about it and | genial as he is modest. He is none the le: cautious, however, and when I asked him to carry it ‘out in the sunlight, soI could get a photograph of it, he could not be induced to Temove the sacred instrument beyond tho | threshold of the front door. | ‘The will is inciosed in a small, plain walnut box, with a glass front, to protect it from the handling, which was slowly but surely wearing it away, and the key is lost, When the war cate the will was taken to Richmond for eafe keeping and the secretary of state had it in the capitol until the federal troops captured the city, when with a lot of state papers it went intoa heap of rubbish. There it was accidentally discovered before ‘omebody had applied a torch and the precious |* relic was restored by Mr. Hunt to Fairfax. | The last will and testament of George Mason, | the author of the bill of rights, is also recorded there and it is well worth the reading as a picoe of classic aud Christian English. Another peculiar record is the test oth pre- seribed by the Church of England and which all officials were compelled to take. It is dated September 24, 1751. An order of court dated Angust 19, 1752,com- mands the erection in Alexandria of a whipping post, stocks and a ducking stool for the punish- ment of offenders, Another commands the sheriff to give « woman twen: for having had an illegitimate child, and a minute shows that an- other woman, for the same offense, chose twenty-five lashes instead of imprisonment or other punishment. ‘There are thres white churches in the town— one Episcopal,and one North and one South Methodist, and two colored churches, and they are successfully conducted without bella. | The court house bell, also an importation | from England, answers for all of them. “How does that strike you?” I said to Col. Mussey when these ecclesiastic data were given | us, j “It strikes me below the belled,” be said, in a brazen tone, and the old bell in the tower beld | its tongue, Maj. jolph's chin dropped on his ahitt front Sad Mr. Slartin's whisbeore wig-| gied in the { mn the dispelled wwe bad | 1 peudants made by Cellini were ne works of art. ss ~ Women Who Sort the Mail, Prom the Boston Globe. It is estimated that over 6,000 women in the United States act as postmasters. The largeet number for any one state, 463, is in Pennayl- vania and 400 tn Virginia, North Carolina stands third with 922. Only five other states have over 200 each 256 in Ohio, 243 in New York, 216 in Georgia, 210 in Texas and 209 im Kentucky. Alacka bas only one and Rhode Island an homa have 10 each, ~ see = THE STOLEN BEER. 1d © in nd. Whe: loom had been somewhat * adjourned toa pleasant houee, where inner for twenty-five cente that, if persisted | in, would put meat afoot thick ou a stone | statue. Pork and turnips, corn bread and sweet Potatoes, preserves and cream and boner, home- | made white bread, yellow butter, ric milk, bea steak and potatoes, pickles and plenty ‘anda go0d-looking woman with a melodious voice to | wait on us and watch over us. Could anybody juarter? The war history of Fairfax is meager, but one ofthe brilliant leseer events of the great strug- | le had ite happening there when Col. Mosby into the town one night and taking Gen. Stoughton out of bed toted him off in triumph, | leaving some 1,800 Union soldiers round the place to ask next morning “Where ts he ai ‘Mosby also bad « 6 cavalry scrap down about the station and the unreconstructed say that there waa string of Yankee hats all the way to the court house after the scrap was over. pike leading from Bull Kun passes through town and this also has a few memo- 4 we ble now, but not 69 con-