Evening Star Newspaper, August 20, 1892, Page 11

IN OLD ANTWERP. | A Washingtonian’s Impressions of the City and Its Sights. HAUNTED BY RUBEN?’ SPIRIT Why the People of Belgium Can Understand Any Languaze—Rubeus’. House in Ant- werp—The Cathedral Seal of the Spanish Inquisition—The City's Legend. Bpecial Correspondence of The Eveniag Star. Prangrcat-a-Marx, August 10, 1892. HE OCEAN ALONG the Irish and English coasts reminds one often of the little girl who, when she was good, was unusually charm- ing, but when she was bad—words could not express her disagreen- ble qualities. The fated City of Chicago happened unfortunatel; Ocean's unpleasant moods and suffered in consequence. Onur stanch vessel. on the contrary, steamed quietly along the picturesque shores'of Britain and the ocean was as a summer sea should be. She Remed: about sundown; so close to the Isle of ‘ight that we could plainly see the luxuriant foliage and vivid green. as weil as the sandy beaches and white roads of this ever beautiful island, One of the houses frequently occupied by the queen daring her sojourn at Osborne Castle was plainly vimble, and Ventnor, lying on a side hill, was resplendent in the glory of an evening sunshine. It appeared like an en- chanted isle, and we no longer wondered at the tales we had heard of fuchias which climb to the roofs of the houses and blossom at the eaves or of geraniums which form themselves trees of small growth and are crowded with brilliant blossoms. a few hours later the quaint old town of Flushing we soon entered the River Schelde. The channel here 1s very dangerous, and the masts of a large French steamer which was stratided on the bar and sunk were plainly visible and not reassuring, but we passed tri- tly over the bar and soon reached Antwerp. A CURIOUS INCIDENT fs connected with two of our fellow-passen- gers which may be of interest to some philolo- CASTLE upon one of Mistress | gist who believes that children left alone at an | with each otber, eteamer who were twins and thirt ears of age. Indies on the on om sibly about : ¥ Trey always spoke to each other when alone a lan- invented by themselves while very small Shildren. ‘The language contains the “sounds Tr. jorwegian or Danish dialect, but has many of the umlauted sounds of Gerxian also. They bave a very large vocabulary and can conterse upon any subject. Having spoken it from childhood they naturally could not have derived it from another language. It is written phonetically and the ladies write it as readily ae English. They are very closely connected also in their mental and physical sensations, but I was not able to learn whether this close affiliation continued when they were separated ‘dy long distances. THE PEOPLE OF BELGIC speak the Flemish language, which is a mixture of French, German and Dutch. The feeble with success, as they can understand almost ‘any sounds. no matter how wild the pronuncia- tion may be. This is one advantage which a conglomeration of languages gives them. Our T formed speaki: so of my sentences in ing t ber of French and of German, ‘nizing the two ad libitum, and she always understood. PICTURESQUE ANTWERP. Antwerp is acity of quaint streets, curious houses and picturesque inhabitants. The spirit of progress. which oceupies itself in palling down jandmarks and erecting Ls new cit RUBENS IX ANTWERP. ‘The spirit of Peter Paal Rubens still haunts this ancient city. The traveler passes first on the Place du Meir the Lansdowne house built Sead pert of Sie con pe he eae fe, anc died in 1640. pg poe square in the midst of the city anJiat the side the great cathedral, there is a statue of Ru- Dens in bronze, erected at the time of his death, showing the great honor in which he was held by the of Aut , enters the pen ah Be af FY i i f ; j & 7 e if i i i I i | e f i F i é e FE i eH theyll e j Yewel which passed through the rivers. | Flemish style and the tay STEED inter, Plantin, and his son-in-law Moretus. lere are evidences of Rubens’ handi The family portraits are made by him anda in and staircase of iron work in the Old court, from the painter’s designe. Numerous wings on wood or copper, which are copies of his great work, and an original etching, the only one he ever made, are found im this historic old mansion. Rubens was an intimate friend of the Moretus family, whose descendants occupied the house for several hundred years, The, building is # fine specimen of the old tries which still cover some of the walls, the antique cabinets and tables, the richly carved and tiled fire- places and old brasses create envy breast of the collector. Thus we follo tracing his handiwork in pictures and ornamentation until we reach his last resting place. the Church of St. Jacques. Here lie the remains of many of the noble families of Ant- werp and among others the family of Peter Paul Rubens, THE SEAT OF THE SPANISH INQUISITION. Antwerp possesses fine docks,and much of ite wealth arises from maritime commerce. One of the most interesting buildings along the river is the old castle or Musee Steen, which originally belonged to the feudal lords and afterward to the city. At onetime it was the seat of the Spanish inquisition, and contains most ghastly relics of that time. ay the dim light of a candle we explored the dungeons, deep underground, some entirely dark and dripping with water, others having fsint light from « small window high in the wall. We found some holes in the wall which looked au- spiciously like openings through which the river water might flow, flooding the room and thus foreing the rebellious captives to recant. The chains are still fastei ‘to the wall, and we imagined the wan and prisoners chained, lifting their eyes to heaven, and im- ploring strength to cling to their convictions in spite of hunger, cold and torture. With a feeling of relief we passed ont into the sunshine, followed onl¥ by the regret that we had been inveigled into having a changed by the dignified gentleman who guards the castle entrance and had left a good share of it in his bands. We really had not the —, to remonstrate with such a high and mighty personage and had visions of a solitary confine- ment in some obscure and dreary dungeon. THE FEEING SYSTEM is so universally condemned in America, except in the case of a gentleman who understands the quickest way to obtain a good dinner, that I hesitate to lift my voice in its favor. There are really many advantages to it, but the trouble is | that very few understand the art. An Ameri- can waiier, for instance, can receive a fee in ad- vance and still fulfill his obligations, but in Eu- rope it is not so, We tried that plan once to our sorrow. In traveling from north Germany to the Black Forest we were particularly de- sirous of obtaining comfortable seats ateach of our three changes of train. Faithfully, each time, we bestowed in advance an ample fee upon the different guards with the request that we might be provided with comfortable seats at the next change. And each time he pocketed his fee and basely deserted us. ‘This experience was sufficient for us. It ia wise tomake your request with a smiling face in the language which is most effectual, according to the coun- try youare in, and put one hand in your pocket. This always has the desired effect.” The feeing have the disadvantage—for the —ot reducing his self ‘t and may promote a desire for gain on his part, but it certainly gives many comforts to the traveler. Better forget while traveling all [philenthtopio notions of elevating mankind and bestore ju- diciously a moderate fee. “HAND-WERPEN.” One of the most interesting souvenir spoons tobe found in Antwerp, and one which is| really an antique, has a hand engraved on the handle. In ancient times there lived a great giant, Antigonus by name, who guarded Tiver Schelde and demanded toll of ev the shipmaster refused to pay, the wicked giant cut off his right hand and threw it into the water. It is really sad to think of the bah er — — must sagged “sone of that peaceful looking river. came finally a brave man, Salvins Brabo, who killed the great giant, and, cutting off his hand, cast it also into the water to keep the others com- y. Two statues of the mythical hero are found in Antwerp and the name of the city is derived from two Flemish words—“band” and “werpen,” to throw. Tacxvs. Co-operation and consolidation in housekeep- ing—and why not? In » western city for fifteen months fifty of the most prominent familice there have been practicing a species of co- operation, and with such success that those en- gaged in it are looking forward toa more manent organization. The object of a2 stated in ite by-laws, is to te and annoyance o sud co-operation. "The clue tok. & house, for which it pays #20a month. Its staff conriste of & cook, with two assistants, and th H i RR THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. D.C. SATURDAY. AUGUST A 20, 1892—SIXTEEN PAGES, Disoonsolate Appearance of Many of the Fashionable Residences. THE STAY-AT-HOMES. Three Types of Those Who Do Not Leave EAMES SAT ON THE doorstep of the house and pensively smoked his short black pipe. ‘The writer for Tux Star accosted him. “Well, Jeames, how goes it?” “Slow, sir—slow, sir. Ain't a blessed thing Family away, Jeames?” “Family at Bar Arbor, sir, a-summering there.” House closed up? “Barring the hairy door, sit closed up as tight as a hoyster,” and Jeames pointed to the front door, which was botrded up. To compare # house to an oyster is rather ab- surd, as there is no similarity between them, except that both are often hard to get into and in summer the houses of the rich birds of pas- sage are shelled in. as it were, to prevent the intrusion of people whose sense of propriety is to denee that they are tunable to distinguial be- stealing jew- tween the profits that necrue from elry or money or silver in winter and chande- liers, plumbing fixtures and such other heavy merchandise as falls to the share of the burgla Who makes a raid on an empty house in sum- Jeamen is alone. His duties now are light. He hasn't worn a dress suit for two months. He does not wait on the table; he carries no card tray when he goes to answer the door bell, but, without even taking the trouble to put his coat on, he pokes his out of the ‘area and asks what is wanted. Not to put too fine a point on it, Jeames drawsa salary for doing nothing at all. MARKS OF DESERTION. As the writer left Jeames to his pipe and his reflections on humanity he meta disconsolate citizen of the United States, and this gentieman was bemoaning himself because of the empty houses he saw on every hand. He said it was bard on the men who stayed in town to see such marks of desertion. He is right. What can be more depressing than the sight of those painted planks stretching over the place where the front door ought to be and shucling out the window panes of the lower story? You can pause and look at them and think of the mountains or the seashore, where the owners of these houses are. The man who lives in one house may now be in Sweden gazing at the midnight sun, the owner of another may be drinking the ‘waters at Saratoga, still another may be reviving his liver at Carlsbad. latter man gets up almost at daylight, expe- riences a shower every day. dines in the open air with puddles under his feet, goes to bed at dark—in short, whatever he is not accus tomed to dding he does when he is rearranging his liver at Carlsbad. And the liver always gets rearranged. The man who is at Saratoga spends his time in a genial contest with the springs—drinks one jer for one complaint and another for another complaint and cures himself of every disease that he never had. In point of fact, any man who goes to the sprin constantly reminded of Mr. Pickwick’s experience at Bath. Ever; morning he would walk up a hill and drink two oblets of water, then he would walk down» ill,”and after each trip Mr. Pickwick would declare himself vastly better, an assertion that wasall the more gratifying since nobody was aware that anything was the- matter with Mr. Pi¢kwick. When some people go away for the suinmer there is no reason why they should go to any particular place, so they fancy there i something wrong with ‘their xystem, and that gives them a motive for going to a particular ‘spot and doing some particular thing. A DESIRE To GET AWAY. Perhaps it is the sight of the boarded-up houses, perhaps it is the news of summer resort delights, but there can be no doubt that at this time of year many men who have sat content- edly at home thus far feel a restless desire to getaway. They hardly know why they should go, and they really don’t want to go, but #0 many other people have gone or are going that they follow the fashion. There are several ‘species of men, however, who never go. One is the old fellow who has been everywhere, seen every! \joyed everything and is now de- sirous of ling an easy life without under- going the inconveniences of traveling and the summer hotel. He is content to spend his evenings on the doorstep.or sitting in his cool bay window. He keeps an accurate account of the weather in past summers, and a partien- larly hot day or a particularly cold day re- calls some agpurréice on a similar day ® quarter Of century ago. He likes to boast to you that he has not been outside of the city for thirty years. He remembers New York as a place of decidedly primitive character, and Chicago is ha within his knowledge at all. The old mai life is not very full of pleasures, but neither is he subject to disappointment or worry. He expects little and his expectations are fulfilled. Another man who never goes away is the one whose time is money. If he loses an hour he loses a dollar. Perhaps he can afford to lose a good many dollars, but he can't make up mind todoit. Hecannotallow himself the luxury of spending money, but he must engage in the intense delight of making it. He doesn't de- prive himself of a vacation because he thinks the city and his own home the most comforta- ble places in the warmer weather, but simply Decause he can't let the opportunity pass of making more money. HASN'T THE MONEY TO Go. ‘The third type of the stay-at-homes is the man who hasn't the money to goaway. He would go if he had it and he would stay away ‘as long as possible, but he is too poor. To give ch a man a vacation is like offering a horse a beefsteak—it is avery good thing and other ‘imals enjoy it, but he can't make any use of It is strange how few men there are that. situated thus, are brave enough to state the real reason why they remain in the city. “Going away, old man?” was the question pat to one of these men by the writer the other Well, no. Sipedate men, T Tiki if, “f man. I su like myself, you ppose, = he answered slowly; “I hardly think this about the most comfortable . no; not exactly that. In fact, I suffer very much with the heat and would like to take a little dip into the vea fora week or two.” “Then why don’t . “Because I can’t, mines = ty ani ¢ rapidly ‘The Prosident is away, Secre- way and the business of the depart- ment comes mainly upon my shoulders. Icould not, at this time, conscientiously take a day's lear Poor fellow, he tries to deceive himself, and rhaps he succeeds, but anybody who Enowe bisa Kmnows that the department be isin could go on forever without ‘One clerk where there are so many hardly makes any dif- ference. He hasn't the money to buy a railroad ticket or to pay his board; that is what's the matter with him. DIFFERENCES OF OPINION. There is always one great inconvenience about several going away together, and on that account it is strongly advised against as being somethi to lead to rows, Robieingeaad ovenpesend e "Thus 3 He— dear, don’t you think it would be Se ane Scene splendid. Let's. where shal wo go? ‘Shie--Well, Atlant— T won't. be—- ae She-—Yes, I'vesettied it. We'll stay at some farm house, — £7 s commprornisn ‘that intis fee neither one of them. n the family ie ee same trouble, only more of it. the mountains, another must go to the a third wante a farm di all arow ind. Well, well, those that and dead. The animals of those geological epochs, being in the plastic state preceding the development of the osseous structure that now gives form and comeliness to the human body, were just beginning to breathe the external air with a gentle respiration. Ages, 1t should rather be said epochs, were passed in ‘thir manner, in the course of ‘which the habit of respiration developed the lungs. Then the use of the throat essential to the taking of food produced those organs to speech, which are called the pharynx, glottis and larynx. It seems that Providence, as matter of supreme convet ience, made the same issage serve for cating, speaking and breathing, although another arrangement was possible, like the respiratory apparatus of the opper, which is placed at the sides. This is one of the very few exce tions to the rule which applies in common man and most ani When the upper part of the throat was in an a —— state of a the act of respiration began to be accompanied by certain | Aspetieiersa pate at inn eonilion the rough breathing of person whose air passages are obstructed by Instinct soon taught the animal that these noises conld be in- | creased by forcing slightly the inspiration or expiration of the breath, or by contracting the muscles of the throat and #o emitting the voi ina rapid succession of indefinite sounds. We have the right to suppose that the yelping of sea lions represents very nearly the human voice in its early stages of .ievelopment. The sounds of the voice of the human being are, like those of all animals and of all instruments, the result of a vibration of chords, and are grave or acute,according to the size of these chords. There is little reason to doubt that the first sounds made by animals were low down in the musical scale, but as the voice, guided by instinct, was more and more used, either for the purpose of amusement or to inspire terror, they would naturally, in the caso of many species in which there wasa more pronounced development of the cranium, be made more in the head and become what we now call head tones. This change was more rapid in animals living on the land, the voice of whose habits continued to be amphibious remaining much the same. There came in the course of time tobe a great variety in the voices of animals, determined partly by their size, but generally by the cirenmstances in which they were placed. ‘The different species of the feline race living in forests cuitivated the higher tones. The lion adapted his voice to the vast desert snaces where he roamed and gained a scanty subsistence. The dog in his wild state probably contined himself to the lower notes of the scale and expressed his hos- ty only by burking, Since his domestic: tion, having acquired a sort of human sen ment, he yelps and whines in the higher ton to express feelings that are but imperfectly understood. The eat imitates the high so- pranos. ‘The horse having a long neck and a jead nearly as long, imitates in his neighing | | most of the modern tenors. The ani- | mals of the bovine tribe produce the voice from low down in the throat, only occasionally veu- turing on certain higher and exceedingly w natural notes. A great variety of tone and com- pass ix found among the birds, from the shrill scream of those of a ravenous kind down to the rots, among which are found the bassos, itones and contraltosof the race. The sing- ing birds combine the high and low tones with extraordinary flexibility of voice and a perfection of vocalism at which they arrived robably at a very remote period of the world’s istory. Man inherited from his immediate ancestors, the apes and monk altitude, in which unknown. The monkeys chattered to their fellows from tree to tree in shrill head tones, the natural yocal expression of a weak and timid race, in whose physical formation the had begun to hold an important place. The upper notes of the register were char- acteristic of the first men, as they still are of savage tribes and peoples, and of the half civil- ized members of modern society, whose voices have never been subjected to discipline. The voices of country people accustomed to mag- nificent distances and conversation at long | range are, if not keyed higher, oftener used in the upper ranges than lose of city people, who feel obliged by the necessities of good breeding | to moderate their tones. When a man is eelf- contained he uses the middle and lower tones of his voice; when angry the voice mounts gradually to the head. If the gentler sex would oftener bear in mind the eulogies of Shake- speare and Scott of that voice gentle and low which is an excellent thing in woman they would more rarely have occasion to wonder why they have ceased to be attractive. The music of the Chinese, Japanese and of all wild tribes iy keyed high and ¢eng usually in falsetto, th lower notes being Obtained hy drums, tomtoms orsome other instrments of the kind. Al- though their songs are far from agreeable to the ear, they still think they can sing, an ill sion shared, it must be confessed. by acon- erable number of persons in the most re- fined modern society. These facts and suggestions contain probably the reason for the belief expressed by # French writer that the human voice is gradually de- scending the scale. High tenors and sky- i nd more difficult jagner operas demand such extraordinary vocal efforts. The Chronicle has already en- deavored to explain the awful consequences of this theory carried to its logical resull It has shown how the sopranos will gradually become contraltos; the contraltos tenors, regardless of sex; the tenors baritones and baritones bassos. It would be well if the misfortune ended here, but this is by no means all. When the whole human race is only able to speak in base tones there will continue to be a depression of the higher of these, until ona single dead level is reached, above which the voice will be unable torse. To this unfortunate voice music in all its forms will long have been impossible. For awhile a conversation, whose ghostly solemnit: can only be imagined, will be carried on an then the vocal organs will cease entirely to exist. ——____+e+____ What the Bass Viol Said. From Puck's Notions. The old bass viol was sitting by the fire and taking a little Brown's Jamaica ginger for ite catgut’s sake. “Times ain't what they used to be,” it said, plaintively. “A year ago an olive-skinned, sad. eyed man drew from me the soft strains of Verdi, while a clear-voiced soprano warbled, and dainty hands. applauded from boxes orchestra chairs, ‘Those were haleyon. nights, when music had its churmé, even for me. But now, after an evening of German opera, I feel as if my very vitals were rent asunder. That Wagner music! Hi lncerates We used to call it the music of the future. Little did we know how near it was tous, now— necked clothes, the flashing Gone—and in their stead , wild eyes and uncanny faces A young dentist who opened an office on Jefferson avenue last week finds = good many. Giscouragements. His first patient was a man who wore no those | 8u | very poor taste to wear them except on special ‘Those Who Have Been Specially Honored by Congress. ‘VETERANS WHOSE BRAVERY OX THE FIELD BAS BEEN RECOGXIZED BY THE GOVERNMEXT WHICH MONG THE MANY ASSOCIATIONS growing out of the late war to meet here during the Grand soldiers, sailors and marines of the late rebel- Hon, of which the country has not heard a great deal, and yet ite membership is composed of the material which makes up the glory of war. Ite the battlefield. ‘Those only are eligible who have received the bronze medal granted by act of Congress to “such officers, non-commissioned officers, pri- vates, landsmen, sailors and marines as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action and other soldierly qualities.” Naturally the medals are highly prized by those holding them, and yet notwithstanding that over two million enlistments were made in the Union army during the rebellion less than five hundred of these medals were given for heroic action in battle, and of the recipients Jess than half are now alive. In view of the fact that this medal is the only decoration that this country has ever given they must be re- garded as a distinction of the highest order. AN ORGANIZATION EFFECTED. These medals might still have slumbered in peaceful security, as they have almost up to} date, had it not been for Capt. M. A. Dillon who, in April, 1890, conceived the idea of find- | ing the local addresses of the medal holders. ‘This he found to be an almost endless task, but | he continued in his searches, with the result of | securing’about 400 of the holders’ former ad- | dresses, many of whom he fonnd to have been | finally mustered out. Mr. Dillon had a cireu- | lar printed calling the medal men to mect at his house on the 23d of April, 1890. to which calla goodly number responded, and an orgun- | ization was effected of a semi H Cyr B. Lower, second vice commander; Thomas M. Reed, adjatant general; Felix Bran- nigan, judge advocate general; Jas. R. termaster William Wilson, in: | was prepared calling ‘a national convention at Boston, Mass., for August 12 to 16, 1890, in- Clusive, at which gathering Mr. Dillon was re- ‘elected cbmmander-in-chief, and was succeeded by Frank M. Whitman at Detroit, Mich., August 6, 1891, since which time most of those holding the medal have been enrolled. The present officers of ‘the legion are Frank | M. Whitman, commander-in-chief; Patrick Millen, first vice commander; Lonis Richards, second vice commander; Franklin Johndro, on general; A. 8. Bryant, chaplain; Josep! S. Manning, adjutant general: Felix Brannigan, | Judge advocate general; Jas. R. Durham, quar- | termaster general; Horace L. Piper, commis- | tf general; Joseph Vantine, inspector gen- | « | In this country medals are sparingly giv | The government recognizes no order or # for the purpose of decoration, but in the one | instance, it may be said, it decorates the soldier | and sailor by act of Congress, with the medal of | honor, for gallant And conspicuous conduct in battle or in taking life, while on the other hand | it confers the life-saving medal for the great risk run by one person in saving the life of an- other from drowning. Hence, in the one case, where one of the principal objects is to cripple | or destroy the enemy, even by taking his life | if necessary, the soldier and sailor is rewarded | and decorated, while in the other case the citi- zen, who saves the life of u drowning person, is also rewarded; and, by the way, the latter per- son or life saver, receives a gold or silver medal, as the case maybe, while the soldier or sailor, the destroyer of life, receives a bronze, or the valuable one intrinsically. In‘England the orders of the Bath and Gu are bestowed for civii merit and are very limited in number. None but those high in position in | the country can recetve them. Societies such as the Humane Society, colleges and other institu- tions confer highly prized titles or decorations, but they are not recognized by goveruments, Itwould therefore be much out of place and MEDALS SPARINGLY GIVEN. rter occasions. Governments sometimes confer their decorations on citizens of other countries for reat merit, daring or very hazardous services. e recipient, however, must first obtain the consent of his own government to receive it. | DECORATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Many of the early military decorations of Ger- many, given several hundred years ago, were for long service, war service counting double. | The order common to the three Anhalt duchies “Albert, the Bear,” and consists of three classes—the first wear the decoration across the right shoulder, the second fzom the neck, the third from the buttonhole, and bear different devices and inscriptions. Austria has the ‘Order of the Golden Fleece,” “Order Empress i ia,” “Empress Elizabeth Theresia, e Cross of “Military Merit.” “The Cross of Bravery” and “The Order of the Military Medal of Honor,” founded by Emperor Joseph II, in gold and silver, according to the degree of merit, The gold gives 50 per cent increase in | as, the silver one-third and both gives halt pay on leaving the service. All the others give nsions. Spain has “The Order of the Golden | Fleece,” the badge of which may be worn from | the neck or buttonhole, except on occasions of great ceremony, when it is worn from the neck and the wearer must be in uniform, consisting of along robe of deep red velvet, lined with white taffetas, over which is thrown along man- tle of purple velvet, lined with white satin and richly trimmed with embroidery containing fire stones and steel emitting flames and sparks. Spain has also ‘The Order of Maria Therese,” purely a military order and conferred only for extraordinary deeds of valor in battle, without regard to birth, favor, family or length of ser- vice. All the Spanish orders carry pensions. Italy has the “‘Order of the Iron Cross” in three classes, who receive pensions of 3,000, 700 and 300 lires. The uniform is gorgeous, the first class wearing long robes with trains, the second to the feet, the third to the knee, and all have pensions. France has the “Legion of Honor,” and when conferred for military service carries a pension in each of its four classes of 3,000, 2,000, 1,000 and 500 francs. Those who ‘undergo amputation receive 100 francs additional, and no ignoble puniahment can be inflicted on the person holding member- ship. “The Victory Cross” of Engisnd allows Pention of £10. and ‘each additional act, of avery that would entitle the to the cross gives a bar to be worn over the cross,with the name of the battle in which it was won on its face and an additional pension of £5. At t there is but one man so decorated, a ne Tuscany has the “Order of Military if recei ferit,” divided into three classes, and by a commoner it conveys heredita: hk | furters contain a certain proportion of veal. GOING OUT OF TOW Prog Bet BR hts ty =| MEDALS OF HONOR. MYSTERY THE SAUSAGE TIME Explained in Detall by a Tour Through » New York Factory. 667]\HIS FACTORY TURNS OUT AN AVER- age of 40,000 pounds of sausages every ‘Week, or about 2,000,000 pounds a year,” sid a New York sausage manufacturer to aSTaacorre- spondent. “Cats and dogs do not furnish any portion of the raw material, as is popularly imagined. We use nothing b Duy inthe shape of whole carcasses, Let us enter the refrigerating room to begin with. Here, you see, are the dressed carcasses hung from hooks by the dozen, The room is kept at a temperature of five degrees below freezing point by means of pipes through which evapor- ‘sted ammonia is conveyed. As you will per- ceive, the pipes are thickly iricrusted with ice. “Too cold for comfort.eh? Well, let us go to the next department. to which the carcasses are conveyed from the refrigerating room. skill in the work that they do it with wonderful rapidity. Four butchers are employed at it, you see, One separates each carcass into its Principal parts, as you would carves chicken. He does it about as easily, 80 perfectly does he know every joint. These parts are passed over to the second man, who dissects them farther, rem« the bones; the third man reduces them to ita convenient for handling. and the fourth cuts away the fat. THE DIFFERENT PARTS, “The bones we sell, and the fat we try out in ‘Many people prefer this pure beef fat to lard for cooking pi The pieces of clear meat we throw into this hopper, and knives run by machinery chop it into bash. Then it is put ck into the hopper again and, after being re- chopped, is forced through a. perforated ‘tee! plate, which will not permit a bit of larger size than a small shot to Now it must go into this great vat of sheet iron, which revolves while big chopping knives ‘work up and down inside, the stuff being constantly stirred at the same time iu order to mix in thoroughly the spices which are added at this stage of the process. BECOMING SEASOXED. it is not ready yet for making into eau- sages. It must first go into another refrigernt- |ing room and remain there four days, during which it ‘seasons’ and the flavor of the spices gets thoroughly worked through it. Besides fait, we use pepper, allspice, coriander, mace and sere After seasoned in this way finely cl meat is put into a large re- coplasio: trent hack th squirted th tubes into the ‘casings’ | These casings are t intestinal envelopes, of beevet and sheep. the former being used for bolognas and the latter for Frankfurters, We are obliged to import the sheep casings from England, because the diameter of the casings obtained from Ameri- can sheep is too small, although we must pay twice as much for the imported. We get the beef casings from the slaughter houses. BOLOGNAS AXD FRANKFURTEKS. “Bolognas are made of beef only, but Frank- A little saltpeter is put in with the saumge hang the freshly made sausages in the «moke houses, which somewhat resemble great iron safes, you see. To make the smoke we simply build small fires of hickory wood on the iron grating at the bottom of ench smoke house, which smoulder for hours. Frankfurters are moked for one hour and bolognas for six hours. The cheapest bologna sausage retails at 14 cents a pound, and highest-priced, which is warranted to keep a year, at 40 cents u pound. ‘The finest bolognas made in this country are manufactured in New York city.” > ¥ MATRON, A SILL She Tries to Flirt at Fifty as She Did When @ Young Girl. From the Philadelphia Presa : the daughter of # lead- ing society woman the young girl thusfreed her mind to me: don't know what aile mamma nowads: She acts terribly at times, and keeps me scold- ing her from morning to night. papa with ny complaints he merely shrugs his shoulders and sys: ‘I havestood her for twenty years; it's only fair that you should take your turn now.’ What she does? Better ask me what ehe doesn't do. ‘To begin with, instead of fifty should, she employs a woman to make up her complexion, and then sets jaunty little hat on her iron gray hair and goes forth to ogle the me: Last week she absolutely attempted to waltz with an old fool of sixty, who hangs nd her. They were both seized with vertigo and came near tottering over. I almost wish they had. But, think you, she stops here? Oh, no; she insists upon having a man to make love to her, Think of it! Mymother in thesame busi- ness as her danghter, a girl of eighteen. It 20 Gisguats ‘me with lovemaking that I am quite ready to enter a nunnery. Would you believe it, she actually tried to bold Jack's hand one evening. Jack, you remember, is an oldish beau of mine; but he was equal to the emergency. Said he, loud enough for every one to hear it “Don't trouble yourself, aunty, Ican walk alone. “They say there's no fool like an old fool, and conduct obliges me to be constantly on my ard. Everybody says that I have become #0 Kignifiea that I am: not the same girl. No wonder! What do you suppose the world would say if I was as frivolous a8 mamma? Why, we'd be the laughing stock of any summer resort we might visit. Last week that old fool who the gallant to mamma stayed until 11 o'clock, seated beside her on the sofa, with his white- gaitered feet thrust out in front of him like one of the boys. “Entering the room, I said rather sharply: “It's 11 o'clock, mamma!” . You may go to bed,” she old fool toyed with her “At 11:30 I again entered the room. There hesat,simpering like & boy of eighteen and mamma tittering like a girl of sixteen. My blood was up now, and, with indignation in my voice, I cried out: ‘Mamma, it’s half-past 11 and papa is ask- for you." ‘Oh, darling, do up and see what he wants. "That's & good child,’ she replied, as ahe turned to listen to the story he was her. “Now, Task you if this isn't to make any daughter cry out with It is positively shocking to see a woman with four frowncup children amusing evel in thle man ner. to on & don’t you horsewbip that old silly who is down there flirting with mamma?’ ~~ daughter,’ he replied, ‘I wouldn't like ‘Oh, to strike such an old man; it it we very ¢ such an Taight pro ing Burnt Cork Incident. the Cleveland minstrels were playing THE MEDAL OF Hoxon. ‘The medal of honor is somewhat similar to the G. A. R. badge, being a little larger, with different device and inscription, from i i : F i i i EE 8 i # tf i h fe ge L i i i i f ii i § | i B25, 8 F + if ie 4] ii & i lh 5 i 2 i is Z <. F | ‘The First and Most Important. From Puck's Notions. Young author—*‘Can you tell me how to be- ‘The very first thing for were die. All the good ones are beet, which we | Here they are cut up by men who have such | dig copper kettles, putting it up in glass jars. | mixture to make it red. The final process is to | F. When I go to | 8 acknowledging her age frankly, as a matron of | I believe it now. As you may imagine, mamma's | n THE WOKLD OVER. j At the poles, where all meridians converge, there can bg no natural standard time, for it is | every hour Of the day at once; but the regula- tion of time at these singular points has not yet become a burning question. Were the system of time reckoning recommended by the prime meridian conference carried out in ite entirety | the minutes indicated on all weil-regulated clock dials throughout the world would be the same at a given instant, but the hours would differ at each 15 degrees of longitude by steps | of one, twenty-four standards encircling the globe. Thus, for example, at twenty-five min- utes past noon of the prime (or rather the zero) meridian. clocks 90 degress cast would show 6.25 | P-m. (18h. 25 m.); those 90 degrees west, 6:25 | a.m. (6h. 25 m.), and those of 180 degrees, 25 minutes past midnight. The zero meridian ad by tho prime meridian conference is that of Greenwich: and definite time standards based on hourly intervals from this atarting line have been used since 1883 on the railways | of North America. That continent is divided | into strips of 15 degrees in width, in each of | | which a separate time standard prevails, from the Gulf of Mexico to Hudeon bay. Atlentie time in the Eastern Province of Canada and in Newfoundland shows § a.m. at Greenwich noon eastern time in the Atlantic «tates of the Union | marks 7am. at the same moment, while cen- | tral, mountain and Pacific time indicate re- Sand4am. The meridians which ‘ross America are those of 60 degrees. 75 degrees, 90 degrees, 105 degrees and | 120 degrees west. ‘The conditions in Europe cated than in America, Each | peopled country, with its national neturally tends to adopt throughout its particn- lar national time, although even this £ till © | desideratum in so In the difficult eubd ions of imperial G number of independent au ivi rmaty © ally th unrelated « rel a grievons obstacle tion of through railway time tables The British Islands, Iring at the extreme west of Europe, «houl liv keep time of th zero meridian, which intersects renwich ol |servatory, while the Rn in Eu- rope, at least) was, by ite # central government and state ntrol rows, equally committed to the time of St. Peters- burg. But Pulkova observatory lies two hours east of Greenwich ) ne minute and a quar- ter, and the alterations required is so small that it may be said already to constitute east Pure pean time two hours in advance of Greenwich, or the standard time of west Ew 1 dian of 15 degress E., ranning through Nor- way, Sweeden, Germ ore compli- pall. closely one reenwich, and if and local inertia wer of Europe would be placed by ite adoption. The | Hungary have used central European tin this system since October 1, 1 M fifty ‘towns in the m regulated their clocks to being the only conspicu local time is | | xception, where Servian have been assimilated to those of 4 Bulgarian. to eastern tral Europenn time nd eastern time on the on both si on the Sal Constantinople line In Sweder railway time bas been that of | central Europe (15 degrees E.) since 1879 and jin south Germany the change to the same standard took place April 1, 1892, a fact of | much greater importance, because a feat very | difficult to accomplish. The four standards of | Bavaria, Wurtemburg. Baden Alamce-Lao raine were previously in ase concurrently, and the change involved retarding the wominal hours of all trai the case of Bay that of Keichsland. Luxemburg harmony with the rest of same date. losing thirty-six |. By a deci: of the f | last mean solar time of th: | will bec | man eny | w May nth meridian | pire April 1, 1893 to ac te | time standards is | to have been twenty- | 3 1d by the end of 1892 it will only be thirteen. Of these three are | meridianal standards, while ten are the times | f capitals, viz: Paris, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome, Berne, Bucharest, Athens, Copenhagen. Ber- | lin and St. Petersburg, but the last, as alrendy mentioned, practically belongs to the former | |ecategory. ‘It now remains only for France, | Spain and Portugal to adopt western Enropean time; for Denmark, Switzerland and Italy to accept central time, and for Greece and Htou- mania to join the other Balkan states in using and the change will be equire a foot- equire a foot | Europea Dr. Bussche complete. Strangely enongh, although foreign writers tacitly aswnme that the Bricith Islands are at one in their time stam: fed Kingdom a diversity as illogical as the which formerly reigned in. the states of south- ern Germany. While Great Britain and the small island groups associated with it keep the | ime of the initial meridian, now extended to Belgium and Holland on the enst, Ireland is regulated by Dublin time. Thus it bappen that when the post office clock in Stornos (6 degrees 15 minutes W.) shows noon that in Donaghadee (5 degrees 30 minutes W.) only marks 11h, 35 m. As long ago as 1888 Japan adopted for its standard time that of the ninth bour interval | from Greenwich (135 4 east), 80 that the | clocks which reguinte the movements of the | Japanese are set nine hours in advance of ours. | India, Australia and Cape Colony remain in- | dependent in their time relations, although #0 simple an adjustment as is required might form a graceful concession to the spirit of federation | without sacrifice to local digntt: - oe ‘Not War's Dead Alarum. From the Detroit Free Press. “Attention, company F! foot, left foot, hep! hep! ‘The stentorian voice and loud clash of arms at midnight awakened everybody on the third floor of the hotel, and guests, bell boys and chambermaids ran shrieking into corridors. ‘What's up? Where are the noldie-#?” | Hep! hep! it arms! Charge bay- jup, rub-e-dal sounded like a clarion of war, and as the land- lord reached the door from which “k f i t # 7 i da | tae | re ING CAMP SIGNS. Not Artistic, But Usnatty Expressive to the Wayfaring Wan. From the Colorado Sun. The second consideration with a man who haa started business in a new mining camp is inva- rimbly related to the easiest and best method of letting the floating popalace know what he sells and bow he sels it Sign painting. therefore, in a bustling gold or silver field becomes one of the primary evi- dences of enterprise. And this much is to be sani of the mining camp business sigue they are expressive if inartistic. No rained gilt let- ters on a walnut background tell the wayfarer that this place is the “Miners’ Exchange,” or that thet log cabin affair is “The Lost Treil Barber sbop. Not in the “early days,” atany event. The Proprictors are amply content with plain boards and some black paint, and not infrequently eall imto use the thin but serviceable sbingie and @ liberal quantity of lamp black. If you have left your comic paper at home or in the stage conch on your arrival in one of the mnderful settlements of a night with which Colorado has abounded since 1879 you will still find fresh material for » good, broad ugh during a walk down one of the Seren res of some young but aspiring camp. lmmguage of signe does not require a tutor. Like the good and bad deeds of a political ty, U speaks for itself. Of course, with the lapse of time the shingles come down and are replaced by something more elaborate, but when this period arrives the “camp” is no longer a camp. but ac Leadville, Aspen and those two latter-dar marvels of mineral. Creede and Cripple Creek, have furnirhed signbonrds that will down to history. Who docs not remember the famons legend of the Leadville dance hall: “Don't shoot the pianist: he is doing his best.” And Aspen. {n its time, furnished « ally as interesting KEN 1 Pay Chon os on Namday When the Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage made bie tour through Col he wae royally welcomed by th taass of people who th rE a> might have been ex- 1 with his we ing a Luge placard an { cambiing t of the ry that Mr. Tale An n h mage fnitille t tract Ata barber formation wae eet forth that withir could not only get “e first-class shave and hair cut.” but might also have his tecth pulled “without pain.” and did he destre anvthing further « would resole his shoes An ingenious individual at Cripple Creek, whe good shoemaker” seemed to possess a variety of trade virtues, land inted on the tent in which he transacted Prat tions ks and Stationery: Washing, Ironing and Mending: Canned Proite a Spe cialty . Betore the school land sale at Creede there was a conspicuous legend in front of « small buitding, which was sure to attract the passer-by, whether a purchaser or not. “Coal Oi! and Real Extute . a neighbor te be ontdone in hir pes f trade, for did not he possess “Choice L. at mur goed old mother. Keweniter. she ie = ky in town And the Leadville man who ran a dance ball probably did the beet be could when be wrote: “Terprickoryer Palac of Plesure. Patronise the bar and walts with the ladys. ‘The resteuraut man ix in his element in a | new mining cw Evidences of his enter= prise fairiv plaster the walls of his “Delmoni~ f the Went.” ‘This t ig inducement to the hungry stll stands in a new camp. “Eat here and get the best B5cents, Ntewk. and beer bo: meal in town for coffee. potatoes, bere Ladies wait on the table her Another invites patronage by reason of having “faro after 8 “soup at all hours; farn ! . A lodgin keeper w apparently sation fied will come him “because ‘oher hands promptly y be taken with "be bees © new camp. was to be found everywhere, too old red eye—cau't be beat in the camp,”* was displayed in froyt of one drinking place. But probably the ‘Mmost alluring of all wae seen not so very long ago in one of the new fields: “Jobnny Murphy's place. Good whieky and good treatment. Johnny drinks with the boys and keeps up his end. coe Why She Wore a Suubonnet. the Denver Sn. Early yesterday morning a very distingne looking lady came down 16th «treet walking ry fast. Upon her head she wore a large, pink, fannel-shaped «uubonnet. Her dress was #0 well made and farhionable that every one bad to take two or three looks to decide whether or not she was from the country or whether abe was a city belle in disgnise. held her head down so that no one could see ber face. in a tone which he didn’ tend for her to hear, But she did, and in «pite af herself she looked up fora second. To his im and pulled off the obnoxious “Bont you dare to tell any one’ rth, hil a E hit it j