Evening Star Newspaper, January 30, 1892, Page 10

10 THE GREAT CATHEDRAL. CHURCHES IN COLOGNE Many Massive, Handsome and Im- posing Houses of Worship. THE GREAT CATHEDRAL. The Wonderfal Result of Hundreds of Years of Construction—Its Lofty Towers and Or- nate Interior—The Churehes of St. Ursala, 8 Mary's in the Capitol and St. Gereons. Correspondence of The Evening Star. Coxosxe, January 3, 1890. E ARE GETTING USED to the continent and its ways and are enjoying ourselves, Weleft Brus- sels at 1:50 and arrived here the same evening at 7:10. It is only 150 miles, so you can tell how very slowly we traveled, and our train ‘was the express, too. There are very few ac- cidents on the German roads, because the tars seldom go twenty-five miles per hour, and there are few trains on « line and be- cause they aretnder government control. We are traveling second class and in the cars for “ladies only," where we are not annoyed by smoking, which is allowed in all other cars. ‘The man who objects to smoke must endure it, Dat Isuppose he is such » rare specimen that Ihe needs no special provision. We are staying at the Hotel Diech, which is comfortable, with nt rooms, ‘elevator, steam heat ‘and clectric lights, and prices not exorbitant ‘The only drawback is tedious table d’hote at 1 o'clock. On New Year day we had nine courses of combined French and Ger- Man cookery, to which the natives added beer and wines of various kinds. I wonderhow any of us survived that dinner. It included duck served with lettuce with oil dressing anda compote of fruit—stewed pears and plums and ‘sweet pickled cherries. Every dinner is an ex- into new country. The gentlemen do not wait for the ladies to leave the room Deginning their after-dinner cigars. I suppose that is the German of it. But there were two new arrivals today, an Englishman and his wife. After his cheese the Englishman Tose from the table and bowed his wife out, and then the waiter brought him smoking sp piiances; but he did not begin till wo left the oom. I suppose he knew we were Americans t next Hiss C-—) and were not used to smoked at. Wasn't that a courteous act? am sure he was waiting for us to leave, for asl closed the dining room door I saw ‘him it his cigar. I was amused at his having ‘The Germans don’t, and it illustrates what Lowell says, “That an Englishman is the best traveling companion, because he takes England with him everywhere; so you have twe countries.” I didn’t finish my praiso of the German sce- ears. They are as comfortably up- holstered as the English first class and are, moreover, warmed with apparatus for turning the heat off and on. I felt so unhappy at not being able to speak and understand French that it was a great re- lief at Herbesthal (German customs post) to find that in spite of five years’ disuse I could e officers and say all that was necessary. It is just so with the waiters and shopmen. | Today we went to high mass at the ca and beard in German (of which I could really grasp u good deal) a good gospel sermon ‘We got bere in the dark (after an uninteresting Fide) and just caught sight of the cathedral looming up over us in the starlicht as we drove ‘under its shadow. [tsspires are 512 feet h: Were finished in 1880, thongh was laid im 1244. st Gothie in the World and Ican well believe it, though I love the English Norman better myself. ike Col- egne cathedral is on a hill in an open square, #0 youcan get good views of it It has two Western spires, but only « light cupola over the TOWN MALL (TOUR AXD vEsTIBCLE.) @enter, and you can see the effect of this on the {internal structure. In the English cathedrals, 80 many of which we have lately seen, there is always s great central tower, however the west front may be 80 the loftiest and most Massive arches are the four central ones under ‘the tower. The four central arches in Cologne slender and look weak toone ac- to the English style. while the mas- sive arches are found under the spires at the ‘West end. ‘The sisles of the nave snd choir are all dou- Die, 00 that the vaulting spreads from the wid- dle row of clustered columns like « palm tree or tree fern. Wesaw the same thing in England when a circular or octagonal chapter house was supported by one central clustered column, but nothing like these rows on rows of sto trees, seemingly almost alive. ‘The cathedral has a complete triforium, which rises above the roof of the aisles, having win- dows behind it. The walis of the nave and choir are supported by two sets of flying but- tresses from the outside, one above the other and profusely adorned with carved pinnacles. The antiquity of England really seems noth- ing compared with the antiquity of these tow The town halls are so much older and better reserved. The town hall of Cologne, with its jothic tower, a marvel of beauty, was built in 1410 by the citizens to commemorate their final tory over the tyrannical nobles. These old cities have a glorious history in their struggles for liberty. All the other churches we have seen hero are Romanesque in architecture except one, more modern, which is false classic. One hundred and forty-eight churches were destroyed by the French in 1795. They came near destroying the cathedral also, but by the irony of fate the great belis of the cathedral are cast from the guns captured from the French in 1870. There are dozens of churches within earshot of the cathedral. The spires must have been like a forest before 1795. ST. MARY'S, IN THE CAPITOL. These old Romanesque round apsed and arched churches are vefy interesting in show- ing the origin of the English Norman. St. Mary's, in the capitol, is built om the capitol of the old Roman city and is a true basilica, but with later Gothic additions. The east end and both transepts terminate in semi-circles and the interior is almost gorgeous in its coloring and gilt. There is in it a curious crucifix. The cross is ¥ shaped and the figure of Christ, re- duced almost to a skeleton (called a cadaver),is very revolting to us. There are a pair of carved oak doors representing scenes from the life of Jesus, which date from the ninth century. st. otnrox (1xrERron.) Atthe Church of St. Ursula the treasury is adorned with the bones of herself, her lover | and 11,000 virgins, who were going’on a pil- image with her when slain by the Huns. ‘he cuts show the differences between thi cathedral and the other c! | is interesting because of its nave, which is in the form of a decagon and also because it has no great west doors, but only side entrances. St. Martin's has a tower so massive and crude that it looks as if it might have been built by | pre-Adamite man and stood the shocks of time ever since. We saw one tower whose church was destroyed in 1795. Of the old walis or for- tifications we have seen only the arsenal, a high circular tower whose first floor courses of stone look almost Roman in their style. ‘The wonderful picture of Queen Louise is in the gallery here, and nothing too good can be said of it. The photos don't do it justice. 1 am not surprised the old emperor loved her above ail things el Fou ‘The Lost From Punch. ied a bunch of keys; 1 could manage to seare him, pe of repose was Moored, For borne like a wall on an easterly gale Theard that dread “Lost Chord? Tniess A I made ambiguous signals ‘That I wanted the tune to cease, For I had work to fi And he was a foe to peace; But the grinder only answered With a fixed demoniac grin, And steadily turned the handie And poured his distracting din. 1 know not of what he was dreaming As softly I stole aside, And thonghtfully lifted a scuttle of coals, And opened the window wide; Though I judge from tisfled simper ‘That his dreams were of anything but Of @ blackened mound and a mufiied sound And a window suadenly shut. It may be they'll take the pieces ‘To his far Italian home, * a his Doues mosatcal stones Pave St. Peter's at Home: Or, if they don't—it's the same to me, But this I'm prepared to maintain: fat ‘That the “Chord” he started to x ‘Aud will never be found again? #19 ——-+e+-______ ‘The Artist and His Visitor, From the Boston Globe. Scott Leighton was sketching @ landscape found # dilapidated-looking man gazing over his shoulder at the canvas. “Hamph!” ejaculated the visitor, more in jaan in interest, as he gazed at the em- “what do you paint them hton. near Poland Sprizgs, Me., one day when he | e*t- fi THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. D.C. SATURDAY, JANUARY 30. 1 92—SIXTEEN PAGES. DISEASED TEETH. Causes Which Result in Great Pain’ and Suffering, SENSITIVENESS OF NERVES. ‘Their Exposure or Injury Results in Tooth- ache—Interesting Information as to the Growth and Development of the Pulp and Its Covering—The Eye Affected by Diseased ‘Teeth. Written for The Evening Star. HAT ANCIENT MED- ical celebrity, Hippo- crates, concluded that ‘the cause of tooth- ache was known only The Chi- nese dentist claims that the pain is caused by he proves by breaking it open and exhibiting what looks not unlike # more properly, the pulp of the tooth As a matter of fact, as all who are posted in dental pathology know, pain in a tooth may be brought about by any one or more of a number of dis- eased conditions. So that may see if we study what is technically known as dental pathology (pathos—pain or suffering, and logos—a discourse) that instead of a single cause two or more may coexist. Still itis not probable thet more than one cause for pain in the teeth is likely to be present at one time. Dentists often have their patients exclaim when having their teeth oper “Oh, why do my teeth have nerves in thei Vhat us are they, anyhow?" And if the dentist is dis- posed to do more in the way of instraction than simply to answer, “Because they were made so,” he will explain that the portion of the tooth popularly called the nerve, but tech- nically and scientifically Ip,” is 60 far indispensable to the tooth that “No pulp, no tooth.” ‘That is, the puip, #0 to is the germ of the tooth, the tooth or builder. TRE PULP AND 178 DEVELOPMENT. Look ata grain of corn on the cob. We call ita “roasting ear" in the green or immature state. Later on it gets so hard as to require the millstone to pulverize it. Something like this grain of green corn is the tooth when first formed. It ia all pulp, #0 to speak, and in the language of physiology, very vascular, or full of blood vessels and nerves. It is covered with a membrane or membrai whose function it,is to select from the blood culating so freely through it such substances as go to make up the hard part of the tooth— lime salts, phosphates and carbonates. This selective function of membranes is one of the most curious and wonderful of all physi- ological operations. That one membrane should be so constructed as to take lime salts from the blood current and appropriate it to the building up of the tooth, while another from the same circulating fluid the lime that make bone, and still another tak hat which makes andther tissue, is indeed mystery. But these membranes which are ¢ gaged in tooth building make, it seems to me, nicer discriminations than any others of the tissue builders, for they ave to make the hard, almost fiint-like enamel, the deutine, much softer, but still quite dense, and thecementum, or bony substance, which’ covers the root of the tooth. So the pulp goes on tooth building, making a wall, so to speak, about itself until it is shut in, only leaving a small opening at the end of the root,through which the small vessels pass which keep up its connection with the general circulation. We can all understand that if this outlet or inlet were closed the pulp would die as thoroughly as an amputated finger. And we can further readily see that if in any way the ulp should become diseased its chances for iving are less than if it were not so boxed up by its dense tooth walls, COMMON CAUSE OF TOOTHACHE. Inflammation of this dental pulp is by far the most common cause of toothache, and it is usually brought about by exposure of the pulp to external irritants. Decay penetrates into the pulp chamber and at once exposure to air, to particles of food, to changes of temperature, to fluids—anything almost in contact with it— sets up irritation. There is an old Latin phrase, “Ubi irritatio, ibi fluxus”—where there is irritation to that partis the flow (of blood). And this is uni- Versally true of all tissues. A pin scratches the surface and at once it reddens, showing an additional flow of blood to that part. So, just so soon as the pulp is irritated from any cause there is an increased flow of blood into the pulp, coming im through the small vessels which enter the canal at the extremity of the root. We all know what happens when blood flows into a wounded or irritated part—it swells. So the tooth pulp when irritated swells. The amount of swelling might be inconsiderable if it occurred in another orgun, as, for instance, in the muscles of the hand or the tongue. But shut up asis the pulp in ite bony casing the pain becomes excruciating. What causes the pain? The answer is, pressure on the nerves of the pulp by its engorged blood vessels. This isa familiar fact and is one of the most common causes of neuralgia. Could the tooth be split probably the pain would cease. NE. One of the most tantalizing of tooth pains is caused by what is known as @ pulp stone. What was said above about the pulp being a tooth builder will be remembered.’ This bustd- ing goes on slowl ‘termittently, during life, so that ihe walls of the tooth of an old man are much thicker and the smaller in youth. In addition slow decrease of the size of the pulp, there is also an increase of density of tooth sub- stance, an old tooth being harder than a young one. But there is aiso sometimes set up from causes very obscurely known a formation in the pulp itself which is the cause of a great amount of suffering. A little nodule of den- tine, related to the pulp somewhat like the pearl is to the oyster, begins to be formed in the substance of the pulp, only it does not have to hay unfortunate tooth possensor is ralgic pain. The worst thing about this disease is that it is fond of attacking perfectly sound teeth, or teeth free from decay, and thai it can only Le diagnosed inferentiall As for the remedy, there is nothing to do save to drill in and extirpate the pulp and get rid of both it and the stone together. Grasp one of your molars, if you have an; left, firmly with finger and thom and you will find that you can move it slightly in its socket. It is not tight, asa nail in a board, for example. It does not in the j ium, periosteium, pericementum—any one of these names will describe it uiticiently well—lines the socket in which the moiar is lodged. This membrane is the seat of disease sometimes. It swells from irritation of some sort and the tooth seems suddenly to hav grown longer, and when the others are shut against it exquisite pain is the rosult. ‘A DISEASE OF THE TOOTS. ‘Then, again, the root of the tooth itself is sub- ject tos queer disease called exortosis or ex- cementoas, and grows Inrger, sometimes caus- ing a good deal of trouble, but chieily trouble when the unfortunate tooth has to be ex- tracted, for it js found to be then almost lit- erally riveted in, the end of the root having » bulb on it, effectually Pies extract except at the expense of the bone, which has to way first. A troublesome disease, and one soméfimes the cause of a good deal of pain, ia recession of the gums. This leaves a part of the root bare (the root has no protective enamel covering), and so the cementuric becomes sensitive an: inful. P*pull anbtber onsse of pain in teeth is from und off on their surfaces ut an intervening membrane— | F° may be diseased and give no sign of but the reflex pain be felt in the occ dentan. ‘TEE EYE SYMPATHETICALLY AFFECTED. Not long ago a lady was having a tooth filled by a dentist, who noticed that she had a badly inflamed eye. Referring to it, she as feared she would lose the sight of it, as it been sore for a year oF or gail the ceuliat had vainly endeavored to cure it. three badly decayed stamps of same side of the face with the bad eye, the dentist suggested that possibly these might be the cause of the eye trouble, and proved it, for by extracting the root the eye in a week or two recovered its health without other treatment. I give this case as an illustration of reflex ae- tion, and it is only one of a multitude that might be quoted. It does not take much to make one unhappy. A little bit of nerve fiber being pressed ona little spicula of bone or tooth, the whole affair not larger than a hair, and living is simple agony. Thanks to the good surgeon who, with trained eye and steady hand, and with accurate knowledge of the situation, is able to give re- lief. But what torments our remote ancestors must have suffered before the days of refined and skillful surgery, of anwsthetics and ob- livion. Jaxzs B, Hop. —_——_— ROMEO AND JULIET. ‘The Old Story, With Modern Accessories, Retold in Naples. From the New York Sun, In the criminal court of Naples the story of Romeo and Juliet in modern life was told re- cently. Lieut, Leone of the tenth regiment of artillery, while stationcd in Palermo, fell des- perately in love with Catherine Notarbartolo de Villarosa, a beautiful young woman. The Notarbartolo family is among the most power- fal in Sicily, where a good deal of the old feudal system flourishes, in spite of the Italian unity. Donna Maria Bentiragna, widow Notar- bartolo and the mother of the young woman, had & brother executed in 1869 for political offenses, and she was banished, but sho re- turned to Sicily with Garibaldi. Although she ia sixty-four years of age, sho administers the rich patrimony of her family. The beautiral Catherine was her youngest child. The question before the court was whether the young officer committed suicide or was murdered by the brother of the young girl. body was found at the door of the Notar- bartolo mansion. He had been shot through the heart, and a pistol was found at his feet. ‘The evidence for the prosecution was that he had been called into the house by Cather- ine’s old nurse, Calogera Tinnerello, and that Catherine's brothers, who were his sworn enemies, had waited for him at the en- trance, and had shot him. Francesco Notar- bartolo, who was accused of having organized the plot, had previously fought a duel with the lover. It was a one-sided fight, Lowevef, in which all the fary was with Notarbartolo. Leone, who was sn’ export swordsman, foiled all his desperate attacks, and allowed himeelf to be wounded rather than run the risk of kill~ ing the brother of his lady love. Francesco was also the recognized chief of the Mafia So- ciety in Palermo. Eleven times he was on the point of being arrested, but on each occasion he was saved by the Mafia, and at one time he was concealed in the Louse of a near relative of the chief of police. ‘The trial of the case extended through two years in Palermo, and then the venu was changed to Naples, where it lasted for eighty days. Love letters in abundance from Leone to Catherine and from Catherine to Leone wero read, in which the tender passion was painted with all the high coloring peculiar to the Italian school. The brothers Notarbartolo did not deny anything of the love affair be- tween their sister Catherine and the young officer; they simply confined themselves to a denial of the charge of murder. One of them, Pietro, declared in his examination that Leone was completely unknown to him when he re- note: ceived the followin Sir: Ilove your sister ine. Pronounce the last word. “If it shou! wive you my word that I shail abide by it and insist no longer. In describing the effect of the letter Pietro said: “I spoke of that letter to my mother, who said, ‘The young man iscrazy. The mar- riage is impossible.’ I informed Lieut. Leo: of this decision and advised him to postpone as far aa possible the stupid notion of getting mar- ried. We parted on the best of terms. A few days afterward, while we were at dinner, we heard a pistol shot outside the door. We came down and found Leone dead at the door. He had just sent a bullet through his breast.” “The medical reports seem to establish that Leone did not kill himself, but was murdered,” the president of the court remarked. “On the contrary,” Pietro responded. “He shot himself in the heart. Lovers always shoot themselves inthe heart and bankers always shoot themeelves in the head. Whether it is tho heart or brain, it is always the affected part that they aim at.” ‘The old nurse, who carried the letters of the lovers, denied that she induced Leone to come to the house. ‘The deposition of Leone, sr., the father of the young man, was particularly dramatic. He id: “When I learned that my son was in love with one of the Notarbartolo young ladies I knew that it was all over with him. All the lovers of the young ladies were killed by t brothers Notarbartolo. Francesco killed Boc- cardo and his brother-in-law Coppola.”” “If I struck down Coppola,” the accused Francesco interrupted, “it was because he be- gan to court my sister Constance and then de- serted her to make love to my sister Maria, y 0 accused of having killed Lieut. Why did you run away after the dy?” the president asked. ‘Because I know that I wouid be suspected. I have already been in prison for beating police- men and I know whatit is to be shut up in four ther witnesses gave the details of the duel, in which Leone was kind enough to allow him- self to be wounded by the brother of his ex- pected bride. Letters were then produced to show that when the broken-hearted lovers were parted by the orders of the proud old woman and of the terrible brothers, who sustained her decision, Leone for a time accepted his fate, but on receiving a burning and tearful docu: ment from Catherine begging him to continue his suit and asking him if he Lad ceased to love he weakened and determined to return to Palermo. His brother officers urged him not togg. “They will kill you,” they suid. “Well, let them kill me,” Leone said; “I can't give up my love.” - Several of his comrades testified that he never had any idea of snicide. ‘The evidence pointed to murder, or at least to manslaughter, for a quarrel between Leone and the brothers was also described. Francesco Notarbartolo was convicted and sentenced to five years’ impris- onment, The others were acquitted, and now Catherine is crazy. ad a eee St Some Men Never Have Adventures. From the Detroit Free Press, I thought from the general appearance of the man, and from the way he looked up every time the whistle sounded, that he was @ rail- road engineer, and when I made bold to ask the question Ifound Iwas right. After we had conversed fora few minutes on general topics I asked: “I suppose you have had your share of nar- yw escapes?”* ‘es, but not on the rails,” he replied. “I ‘was once shot at in a saloon, and I once fell off the roof of achurch. Inever had an accident on the road.” ges always all right.” ver almost crash into another train?” ‘Never.” “But you’ ve run over people?” “Never did, sir. People always get out of my way. y- “You have atleast been very anzious when REAL ESTATE GOSSIP. ‘The Medern Small House and Some of Its Attractions, ‘TRE SLIGHT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN EXPEN- SIVE HOUSE AND ITS MORE MODEST KEIOHBOR— GOVERNMENT EMPLOYES AND THEIR INTEREST IN REALTI—SOME NEW HOUSES THAT ARE TO BE BUILT—OTHER MATTERS. ISITORS TO THE capital city are apt to remark upon the fine residences which adorn the streets and avenues. The style of architecture is 80 varied that the visitor sees something differ ent from that which marks the average res- idenco street in the av- erage American city. There is bere a no- ticeable lack of the rows of brick and stone honses extending with monotonous regularity along several blocks. In this city the houses are built in blocks, it is true, but each house has a distinctive design and gives a variety to what would otherwise be an uninteresting stretch of brick or stone fronts. It is to be expected that the large elegant residences which are 80 attractive in their graceful outlines should arrest tho attention and absorb the interest to the exclusion of houses of more modest exterior. But after all it is the latter class of residences that attract those who like to observe how the great majority of people live. The fine resi- dences are occupied by the few. The homes of the majority are found in the more modest hou which constitute the great bulk of the esidences of the city, A casual examination will show that most of what may be called for tho sake of distinction small houses differ from their more stately neighbors mainly in size and extent. In architectural design, in the interior ar- rangement and finish, the modera small house isa repetition of the large expensive house. only ona smaller scale. The design conforms to the prevailing fashion. It is Romanesque or colonial. “If it is thi ie to use stone in con- nection with brick in the fronts you will find these materials employed in the construction of the small house. So of other details of the finish of modern houses. You will see in the small house the parlor finished in white and gold. | You will find cabinet mantels and open replaces throughout the house, and if the wood finish is not hardwood the cheaper ma- terial used is made to look as much like hard- wood as possible. ELECTRIC APPLIANCES. In the halls and rooms will be found the elee- trio arrangements which will light or put out the gas by touching a button. There is hardly & residence erected in the city, however small, that has not a front hall. Attached to the dining room will be found @ butler’s pantry, while a bathroom is considered just as esvential 48a front door. In the kitchen ther and it is not uncommon to find nace in the basement, which heats entire hoi @ feature dence that is not reproduced in the smal house. These modern conveniences, and it might also be added luxuries, can be secured in a house that rents from $25 to $35 per month. It is not to be presumed that all these details are introduced into a house by those who build to rent or to sell, because they pre- fer to build houses that way. All these things add to the cost of building. It is found, hoy- ever, that in order to make a house desirable thesd conveniences must be supplied. Some. times the complaint is heard that rents are high and houses for people of moderate means are expensive. There is no doubt that this item in the cost of living is quite a large one, but it is claimed that the rents asked here for houses of modest character compare very favorably with those that prevail in other cities. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYS IN THIS CITY. Some interesting figures have been got together by those who are interested in the plan for providing a fund to pension govern- ment employes when retired on account of long service and enfecbied health. According is authority there are employed in this city some 7,000 clerks who are in what is known as the classified service. The annual salaries mid to these clerks aggregate the sum of 25,000,000. “fn © addition clerks in the classified service there are a large number who occupy positions which do not come within this classification. Some of them receive more pay than is given to those who are in the classified service, and then there is another class which receives less. Altogether it 18 estimated that there are some 16,000 people employed by Uncle Sam whose duties require a residence in this city. It would be a low rather than a high estimate to say that the annual amount paid to this army of employes is at least $12,000,000. The disbursement of such a sum of money each year is an important factor in the prosperity of tho city, especially when it is considered that such o large proportion of the government employes are careful and frugal in their manner of life, and are, therefore, good citizens. To con- siderable extent they are property owners here, owning at least their own houses, which they have paid for out of their savings. They form a considerable element in the class of real estate buyers. . MR. BEARD'S RESIDENOR. An important addition to the summer homes which form such an attractive feature of the town of Rockville will be made during the present season. Mr. Henry Beard of thiscity owns a tract of land near that place containing some 150 acres. He intends to erect « summer residence there, and plans are now being pre- pated br Mr. Robert Stend, architect. The onse will be of brick, a large double structure, with spacious porches and interior, but of such a substantial character that the house can be fur- u he occupied as lence all the year around, ‘The design example of the colonial style of feature of the front will be Jong porch supported on Ionic columns and finished with a balustrade. ‘The exterior brick walls will be painted a cream color, while the columns and the trimmings willbe in white. That characteristic feature of an old-fashioned country house will be repeated in this residence, and there will be a wide hali- way extending through the center of the house from front to back. From this hall the rooms will open. SOME SUBURBAN HOUSES. Prof. C. V. Riley has had plans prepared for the erection of nine brick houses on R street between 2d and 3d streets in Eckington. Dur- ing the coming senson Mr. J. H. Lane will build three or four frame houses on 8 street in the same subdivision. Mr. Lane will also build two brick houses on Quincy street in West Eckington. He has completed two brick houses, which are located on RK street in West Ecking- ton and expects to build two more on the same MR. DU nors’ RESIDENCE. Plans have been prepared for the erection of © bandsomo residence for Mr. James T. Du Bois. ‘The location is a choice one—on Chapin atrect just wost of 14th street—and the house will be rather more elaborate than those usuall; erectod beyond the bounds of the city. It will be a large double house, the broad front being built of stone und brick in an attractive dk ign. Solid stone work will be continued up to the second story, and upon this substantial foun- dation will rost the superstructure of prick. rushing through the darkness with hundreds | sfead of lives in your keeping?” ; “Yes—anxious to get home, suppose, but don't remember ej particular instance.” I wasn't at all satisfied thus far, and after pausing to take brenth I asked: “Were you ever startied by thinking yon saw an open switch when too late to stop the train?” “4 ; the awitches are always all 0. K.,” he rej “I have been told that some engines seem to be possessed by human intelligence?” “Yes, I suppose so, but we don't use that kind on our road.” Seas ga have died with their hands 01 Above will be the high-pitched roof, which will be pierced by dormer windows. The arrange- ment of the interior will carry out the impres- sion of spaciousness which is conveyed by the exterior. The entrance hall will be ten feet wide will ted from the staircase hall ser vin; hig! CHESS WORLD. The Havana Match—Problems, Games and Notes, Techigorin still maintains his lead in the match to decide the championship of the world, now being contested at Havana, and the score stands 5 to 3 and 4 draws in the Rassian’s favor. Steinita lost the last game played in disgraceful style, leaving his queen surrounded by his opponent's pieces to be captured by @ one-move trap. Itis very evident that Steinitz is not playing up to his normal strength and unless he braces up wonderfully he will hardly do more than draw the match, and the chances Seem to be against his doing ‘even that, unless Some great improvement is made in his play. The betting is now in Tschigorin's favor and he himself appears confident of victory, but the match is by no means decided and Steinitz has @ chance yet. PROBLEM No. 85 (TOURNEY No. 2. (Composed for The Evening Star.) White to play and in two (2) moves. No. 86. By COL A. F. ROCKWELL, U.8. A. @HESAS S&S ACKR Q7 QKtS K K4 KB QB2 QR3 a | AtQBS Q4 kG ‘White to play and mate in two (2) moves, Pak -Kt7 ch -1iS ch (b) (a) See diagram. A fine sacrifice and as Mr. Reichelm oints out corrertly tullowed would have ba ‘ab gO'™ wit Biackurue sbould ‘play Black—Mackenzie, ‘8 AND SOLVERS. ea black pawn at binck's KKt4. and GK. solved by A. V. Gi H. Eadort, “Mise Morrison, Heintz, M. Causming. Solvers. surmised the ch. F. A. Vs Gi . Cuinuiing, A, ‘Cooley = Gita} Boatrite. ¥ $dors it. Found by S.C. Dunham, R. B. Exzdort, A, Coo! ‘M. Cumming, A. V. Boatrite, E. M. Boriett, Elon Belirend, Geo. Heints. NoTRR. Waterman has won the Kansas championship by ascore of 934-1; or 9 wins toadraw. Wil- lett took second piace and C. Y. Moise third. Mr, Higgins of the Manhattan Chess Club of New York city is staying in Washington for a few days and has contested some fine games with the city cracks. The Ci ess Club bent Brooklyn 644—5i, much to the surprise of the knowing ones, who had predicted an easy victory for the repre- sentatives of the city of churches. The score in the Haubaur-Pinkham match stands 2—1 and 2 draws in the latter's favor. The three leading scores among the eleven competitors in the championship tourney at the "home club are: ©'Farrel, 6—1; Knight, 9-8, and Gwyer, 8—5. ‘West Virginia Politics. PARTNERS IN LIFE WANTED. Matrimonial Demand and Supply as Tilue- trated by = Column of Personals. NE GETS A NOTION OF REMARKABLE activity in the New York marriage market from the perusal of the “Personals” in the newspapers. The first column on the initial Page of one of the great metropolitan dailies last Sunday was entirely filled with brief adver- tisements in small print for husbands and wives wanted. No mistake was possible as to the earnestness of mary of these appeals from per- sons anxious for mates. Furthermore, the Teadé? could not but be astonished at the num- ber of “refined,”} “handsom “elegant,” “wealthy” and otherwise desirable gentlemen and ladies desirous of securing partners in life. MUST BE YOUNG AxD GOOD LOOKING. For example, one advertiser, although “a highly educated and refined gentleman, thirty Years of age and having excellent position,” is riven to this method of soliciting the. ance for matrimonial purposes of looking young lady able to make a cheerful home." “A gentleman who “annoys himself” expresses anxiety to become acquainted with oung and distinguished lady who tine same position.” Another who mgns bimself “Angleanus.” says “A sweet disposition, intelligent, thirty, branette beauty, height Spproaclring five feet seven inches—such is my aftinity, and to such I would prove a true, Worthy and devoted busband.” SRVERAL PITIABLE CASES. Not less desperate in his longing is “Yet Poor,” who exclaims: “American lady! Can you increase a young stranger's intense ambi- tion? Can you satisty his longings for edu- “good- cated and intelligent companionship? If so, 1, A handsome gentleman, | {, want to know you.” fifty-four years of age and possessing real estate worth $150,000, desires to ‘wed lady who would appreciate him and his beautiful home.” Not less ae is the case of a “young bachelor, | finely cultured, independent, and tired of club life,” who “desires to entertain lady or amiable wealthy widow. Only moral earnestness,” he thoughtfully adds, “should reply. Address ‘Supreme.’ * NATURAL AND ACQUIRED ADVANTAGES, Not « few ot these gentlemen who advertise Possess advantages, natural and acquired, which might reasonably entitle them to the af- fection of the refined and often wealthy ladies whom they seek in matrimony. At the very top of the column referred to appears the petition of an “American gentleman of mean good family, about thirty, dark, fine appea: ance, excellent education, fond of dancing, all outdoor sports, music and art; self-made, shrewd business with — largo Practical experience in real estate Matters,” who wishes to ‘form # union with young indy who has “pluck enough to reply, stating age, complexion, height, weight and social standing.” Another business man of thirty, worth $50,000, who has the mis- fortune to “lack lady acquaintances,” selects this method of securing an opportunity for marrying “ladies of good social standing and Possessing at least a like amount,” who are re- quested to send photographs; “highest references guaranteed.” TO CORRESPOND, WITH MATRIMONY IX VIEW. A “young man in the liquor business” says frankly that, if he had the opportunity, be “would marry a lady of some means.” More eager apparently is a gentleman signing him. self “Boston,” who aeksappealingly: “Will some true lady or widow, about thirty, of refined tastes, genial, social disposition and ample means, lay aside etiquette and correspond with subscriber, with view to honorable mar- iage?” Another advertiser, who has evident! met his affinity, prints in thi communication to her saying, “Ni so lavish that you need no extra star or crown, for that matter.” WHAT THE LADIES REQUIRED. On the other hand there are a great many ladies of exceptional attractions and frequently large means who are equally anxious to secure matrimonial opportunities. One “cultured widow, thirty-six years of age, and independ- ently situated,” expresses a wish to mect a fined gentleman” who will marry her. “refined young widow” and another “hand- the “‘congenial companion: “wealth and good breeding. gentleman of means An “hi Mmagnanimous gentloman of means—no trifler. One cannot help sympathizing with the case of a “fair branette,” who “wishes the friendship and help of a good man,” and the same may be said of a “beautifal, cultured girl, who needs the assistance of a refined gentleman or some permanent work.” In another instance a “lady having a young lady friend from the meet a gentleman who would assist her to a musical education.” From such a casual perusal of a column like this one readily perceives that in the metro- politan wilds of New York city opportunities for social acquaintance between the sexes, and The democratic state committee met at Par- kersburg, W.Va.,on Thursday and decided to hold the state convention to nominate candi- dates for governor and other state officers Parkersburg July 27. June 1 was selected as the day on which the congressional district con- ventions will meet to elect delegates to the na- tional convention at Chicago. It was devel- oped at the meeting that ex-Senator J. N. Cam- den is a candidate for the United States Senate to succeed Senator Faulkner and the latter gentleman, who was present, also announced himself as a candidate for re-election. Promi- nent politicians are looking for a repetition of the contest between the Camden and anti- Camden factions, which came near disru, the democratic party in West Virginia in The senatorial contest is likely to absorb quite ag much attention among the democrats as the matter of carrying the state for the demo- cratic dential candidate. The leaders ex- pre themselves as confident of their acre 4 tocarry the state despite the unprecedent fight they are ‘expecting the republicans to 8. Jarred Royalty and Was Arvented. While the German emperor wa: ‘aking his usual drive in Berlin last Saturday a careless citizen had the misfortune to let his vehicle col- lide with the kaiser’s carriage. Though no damage worth mentioning was done to the royal equipage the police lost no time in ar- resting the unlucky man who had occasioned even a slight inconvenience to the monarch. The emperor, whose carriage had with hardly 3 moment the arrest until Wednesday. He at once or- dered the arrest to be canceled and caused the police to be notified that he was satisfied that the collision was purely accidental,having been occasioned by the slippery condition of the roadway. Studying Electrical Transportation. Acommission of nine railroad experts has , did not know of |” ‘young lad: requires for a partner in lite. —— HUMAN NATURE, A Heartless Man Trifles With It and Hass Little Quiet Fun. From the Detroit Free Press. There was a man at the Wabash depot the other afternoon who took » $% bill out of his ‘vest pocket and spread it out on his knee and attentively examined it. Then he took it over to thé window and held it to a pane of glass and examined it still more critically. Then he went back to his seat and said to the man on his right, who had, become much interested, to- gether with half a dozen others: “Well, they say there bas got to bea first time with everybody, but I thought I had traveled far to cut my eye teeth.” “Well, you are not 60 much to blame. That bill is pretty well gotten — Peeves, fairly well, but fecl of St. Does it feel genuine greenback to youy" —o, it doesn't, though I should never have stopped to feel of it. Teun see now that it is rougher and coarser. ae J ight have passed that off on me in id a second man who took up the ut never by daylight. I should have spotted it at once.” “Pretty well executed, isn't it?” queried the ywoer. ‘Idon't think so. The inks used were not first-class and the printing is bad. 1 could if held out at arm's length. “Counterfeit, eh?” said the third man as be took the bill in hishands. “Wall, now, I been investigating at Pittsburg, Pa, the subject | ®# Be Joined of electrical transportation as applied to rail- roads. The commission represents the Northern Pacific, Wisconsin Central and other roads. The members visited the Edison- works, the ‘Thomson-Houston works at Lynn, Mass., and then spent two days at the Westinghouse works at Pittsburg. The result of their which have been concluded, and the intentions of the railroads they represent were partially revealed by Chief Engineer McHonry of the Northern Racific Company, whose are at Tacoma. He said: “I ren at the motive wer wil applied directly to the axles Sach car, thus making each ? i i i H qt i i g i i i ull re Hy tip ite One | some young widow with artistic tastes” seck | of gentlemen of | country, very fond of music, would like to| QUEER CREATURES, TuEr. A Fish and Tortoise Which Have Been Wiped Off the Earen. SURPRISING WURTORY OF THE TrLe ra—TRE FAMOUS GALAPAGOS TURTLES AND ROW THET ARE BEING EXTIRPATED—GIANT TORTOIES OF LONG AGO—AN EXTRAORDINARY GROUP OF ISLANDS. No other sort of creature ever had eo mye terious a history as tho tile fish. Hardly wae it discovered when it disappeared from the’ waters of the earth, its numerous race plicable calamity, some that tho epectes hope is felt by ichth will yet prove to have had some few survivors Whose progeny will restock the sea in numbers Profitable to the fishermen. Not long ago the United States fich commission tried earnestly with hook ag@@ timefor specimens im the neighborhood whith their kind formeriy Scoupied, but withont catching a single one. The probability seems to be that this interes- ing animal has been entire single member of the family remaining. THE TILE Fisn, but for the disaster which destroyed its tribe, would have shortly proved one of the most val- table food fishes in the coastal waters of the Atlentic. In weight it ran fro: pounds, and the few persons wee be eke goed fortune to partake of found it won- derf At was brilliantl violet hue on the bac belly, with markings of 79 it never seems tohave During that year, im i the Hutchings was for cod south of Nan- trawl” ism line from balfe z. with hooks ail ale which is stretobed by fishermen going alo: . unbooking the | fish © been attracted by the baits and hooked themselves. ‘The method is not very jSPortsman-like, but it is profitable. On the Occasion referred to mentioned caught on its trawie known fish, whic Most of them were Were taken to Glouc to ecience. m away, but some d smoked. NEW ENGLAND WATERS, 1879, more tile fish were taken, on hand, Mines, by a schooner named the Friend, while trying for cod, and in 1830 aud 1881, while en- aged in ¢ and, the comntission steamer captured specimens 0 discovery in apparent ab edible tish of large size was regarded by Prof. Baird as of gr importance. | Unfortunately, Fojected investigations rem Sogun tho disaster happened’ ene MILES OF PRAD Pisn. In March and April, 1582, vessels arriving at Philadelphia, New Yo 1 Boston reported having passed large numbers of dead and dying fish scattered over an area of manymiles. These Were ascertained to have been mostly tile fish, and it soon became apparent that a vast de- struction of them had taken piace, those on board of many sailing craft stating that they had sailed for from forty to sixty miles through floating fish. One schooner ploughed for no Jess than 150 miles through water covered as faras the eve could reach with dying fishes, From careful computations it was found that an area of between 5,000 aud 7,500 aquare miles Was #0 thickly covered with these finny victime that their number must have exceeded one billion. No signs of disease nor parasites on the fish brought in for examination suggested S cause for the calamity, and various conjeo- tures were brought forward on the subject, among others a possible eruption of Tine voleano. ‘The theory was acce on that in ail likelihood an unusual lowering of temperature in the warm belt of deep water Occupied by the tile fish killed the At all erente the species was rendered suddenly ex- tinet. InJal; Eng- inh Hawk rai occasions. ‘The ce of a new and 1° it could be A MAMMOTH ToRTOISE. A few days agoa huge tortoise reached the Smithsonian institution addressed to Osteol- ogist Lucas, by whom it was kille ng nob re quite dead, and prepared for skeletonizing. t came ail the way from the Galapagos Islanas and deserved to be regarded a bie curiosity, owing to the fact that very these monster land turtles now survive, species being peculiar to the group mentioned Off the west coast of South America. The Galapagos archipelago, com teen email islands whicu he direct quator, Was wo named by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century on account of the wonderful | number of huge biack tortoises found there. | This group was found by P: | tain an extraordinary fau | twenty different auimais bein Which were unknown elsewhere in the w wld. Most interesting of them were th some of which attained a weight pounds. There were several specie confined toa single island. 4 feeders, living largely on succulent cactus, Which serves the double purpose of food and | drink. Being very fond of fresh water they make long pilgrimages to reach the wells on the heights of the islands, traveling day and night at the rato of three or four miles am hour. Thus in the course of centuries regular roads have been made by them to and from the springs, and by following these well- traveled paths from the coast that the Span- iards first came across the watering places. THE GALAPAGOS TORTOISES are thought to be entirely deaf, taking no me tice even of the report of # gun. These creatures furnish an ideal livestock for sailors’ purposes, requiring little care and remaining fat without food for eeveral months. Accord~ ingly whaling and other vessels bave for many years becn accustomed to catch great numbers of the turtles for fresh provisions. A single ship has been known to take as many ae 700 at one time. Prior to 1870 forty or 4 whalers annually visited the islands, and in several millions of the unfortunate reptiles were carried off. Being sluggish and defense- less there was uo difficulty in catching them. TORTOISES FOR FRESH MEAT. In 1829 the government of Ecuador esteb- lished a penal colony on one of the islands, which relied principally upon the tortoises for fresh meat. Large numbers of them were de stroyed for the purpose of obtaining their oil, of which commodity abig and fat specimen would yield five or six gallons. Dogs, too, in- troduced by the colonists have destroyed myriads of the young turties, which they watch for and devour asoonas hatched. The ani- mais are known to live to a greatage, onespeci- men having a recorded antiquity of over exghty years. Not many years will have before th dodo, found some there which were #0 that six men could Le seated in a single Another authority states that 2,000 or 3,000 of Were sometimes seen in one drove. — Femedy for Mosquitoes. Fish are recommended by the en! bureau as a remedy or rather preventive of mosquitoes. Avery high tide recently broke away the dyke and flooded the salt meadows of Strat ford, Conn. The receding waters left two lakes nearly side by side of equal size. In one the tide left a dozen or more small “I presume so, but I don't it to that T want to dio inmy bed. was tiltin i ERE Hl i 3 H H