Evening Star Newspaper, September 26, 1891, Page 10

10 TOTEMS AND EMBLEMS Tenditions and Legends Repeessated by Carved Columns, THE INDIANS OF ALASKA. ‘What = Totem Means—The Relations Be- tween the Columns and the Individuale— ‘The Clan Sentiment—What the Carvings Signity—Some Queer Traditions, Written for The Evening Star. F ALL THE SOCIAL propensities or mental babite of man there seems to be nonemore tomb of # young lady is hardly the for the manifestation of buch worilly feekngs, LEGEND OF THE “DEAR MOTHER.” There is legendary ilies, tribes s0 widely Indian squaws were in the woods gathi deep rooted than his | kin fondness for emblems. It is confined to no lo- cality and limited to no period of time. ‘The savage stains them on his breast, carries them strung around his neck or raised on @ pole; the civilized man figures them on scale, raises them on ‘eburch spires or hoists them in colored strips of bunting. The facts they are supposed to Tepresent and the sentiments entertained to- ward them are of infinite number and variety. Who shall say just what shall be the Jatitade ‘allowed to the individual man in his feelings or beliefs touching the emblems which, indeed, he has created with his own hands? The de- scription of totemism among different races throws light on the general nature of the sub- {ech while cach specific, instance containg Deneath scarcely intelligible external forms the history of the tribe and its religious WET TOTEMS ane. “A totem is a class of material objects which @savage regards with su- jious respect, believ- ig that there exists be- tween him and every mem- ber of the class an inti- mate and altogether spe- cial relation,” (Totem fem,” by J. G. Frazer, M. 4)’ “The ‘connection be- tween a man and his totem is naturally beneficent; the fotem protects the man, and the man shows his re- lous ways by not killing it ways by not killing i if it be Ce and a cutting it or gathering it i be a ined (Same au- thor.) In eral, there arethree kinds of totems— ‘the clan totem, the sexand the individual totem. The rst reverenced by the clan as such, who believe Ives and it to be de- | | Fi G i at th t yh i SROWL's TOTEM. for instance, is the column of the famous chief Longa ward's Alaska, ma ouabled by his great physical prowess personal inflaence ent the intro- He resents the an- cient belief by means of his erest or totem. the eagle—placed above and below. The colamn fe commemorative in resenting the im- portant events of his , that is, by ridi- euling the ‘efforts of Christian missionaries. Next below the top with devoutly cromed hands, lowest ofall is the erer- present trader. e whole piece of carving is in itself a totem, the ebild half human and half bear. ing, now in the National Museum, almost as extravagant in design as the 1d itself shows the agony of the mother in sue! the rough and uncouth offspring. One day @ party of Indian bear hunters discovered her up # tr and were about to kill her, thinking her How many elements common to the beliefs of early humanity this quite uncouth legend contains—the transformation of a human into one of the lower animals—Nebuchadne: zar, the Harpies, Actacon, who, in consequence of his indiscretion in looking at Diana while taking her bath, was transformed into a stag— Bottom, the weaver, became an ass—the race sprung from the lower animale—in Chaldes men first aj with wings; even deities were among the eastern nations in general rep- resented im animal shapes—Jupite ram, Osiris asa bull, Pan Romans were suckled b; lineage must be of ro; the divine right of a the daughter of acl g- In respect to what may in compliment be called art among these primitive specimens of workmanship, the forms are sometimes quite Fealistic, bab’ generally eee gromly exaggera ‘groseness ly due ‘the degraded form of belief; the object is evi- dently intended to be made terrible by being made ive, just as death and the devil in the middle ages were pictured with every ani- mal distortion imaginable in order to inspire fear. Some have decided merit in carving, es- Pecially where the material is slate, which ad- Iie of delicate tracery and polish. ‘MAMMOTH EFVIOIES IX ALASKA. In Alaska these effigies are sometimes of great size. The Na- tional Museum is in po- session of four, varying ‘ani once between twent; thirty-five feet in height, dat there are said to be extant in that country mens from seventy- ve to one hundred feet height. They are made out of the well- known pine quires such gigantic pro- portions in California, usually cut from the trunk without separa- tion into sections. The wood is soft, light and not durable. ere is something pathetic in this \ilit; monuments inten to coatroemmorsto what to e ipants were grentSvente, theachieve- ments of ‘heroes, the record of illustrious families. Many of them wear a plume of cedar grown into the rings at the top, which, little by little, splits and decay the column. Those in the bemoan wear @ storm-battered appear- BAIDU CARVING. - ance, which gives to the faces a grim and threatening aspect. THE KEY TO ALL SUCH CARVINGS is found in the legends of the people. Often their significance is loet; often individual ec- centricity leads them to make a carving of which some alone know the meaning; often only the elders are well enough informed to tell off-hand what a carving means. These causes, combined with the indifference of the younger generation and the reticence of the older, makes it extremely difficult to arrive at the significance of the figures. Often they concoct stories to mislead the inquirer, and laugh in their sleeves at the credulity shown. Heraldry is fuil of legends explaining the de- vices on family arms. The serpent in the wilderness, erected by the children of Israel, has been, by many theologians, supposed to be emblematic of the coming of the Christ, while most scholars now consider it only a survival of Egyptian serpent worship. pide Saale no better illustration of the totem idea as well as or pad lew the Haida follows: A number of tis | 8 dry, which ting | HOt so distinetly THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, CHILIAN INDIANS. Camping With the Savage Arauca- nians in the Mountains, HABITS AND SUPERSTITIONS. ‘Evil He is Responsible for—Work of the arranged with the ladies’ sleeping tent in the center, the five other tents set close around it, the mules and horses tethered at a asa breakweather, all under the shelter of a splendid grove of pimento (pepper) trees, whose drooping branches, covered with feath- ery leaves of darkest green and long bunches of pink pepper corns, nearly touched the ground on either side. Aguard of armed scrvants and e- | muleteers was posted night and day and the gentlemen took turns in overseeing the watch. But our precautions proved to be entirely un- necessary. We were never safer in tho midst of civilization than here in the heart: of Arau- gania, in the unsurveyed wilds of this distant country, and had any outside danger menaced us I believe that the Indians, who considered us their guests, and therefore under their spe- cial protection, would have defended us with thelr live if need be. it days’ chilly drizzle, common in this latitude at any time of the yer, where & wet season and adry, vail nearer the equator, aro defined. Horseback traveling in the rain would have been extremely uncomfortable, 80 wo were easily persuaded to remain in camp until the skies cleared. I have camped in many chimes under diverse circumstances and pic- nicked with all sorts of people, but have never enjoyed sach real “camping out” (the intended spirit of which is return to aboriginal life) as here among one of the most warlike tribes on the face of the earth, whose ancestors for centuries successfully resisted civilized arms and Spanish cruelties and maintained their in \dence intact, while all the other nations of South and Central America fell under, the purposes, a1 oung sheep, freshly killed and dressed, was Brought as'm gift from tho chief. Knowing that money was one of the least desirable things we could give these kind-hearted barbari as they had no use for the currency of civiliza. tion, we “goteven,” to their unbounded de- light, by presents of trinkets, such as toilet articies, hand mirrors, buttons cut from our clothes, sewing materials, silk ties and hand- kerchiefs, &c. The articles that appeared to give most heartfelt pleasure were a mouth organ. a jewsharp and an accordion, which we purchased for the parpose from thesmuleteers: my silver soap case, which the chief immedi- ately filled with tobacco and hung around his neck by a string, and a rose-colored, berib- boned jersey undervest, which thenceforth served his highness’ favorite daughter, a child about twelve years old, as a costume complete, Teaching from’ shoulders to knees, and being the only garment she wore. THE INDIANS IN A STORM. ‘We noticed that when the storm first began, heralded by skurrying clouds and muttering thunder, the Indians appeared to be greatly excited, for thoy knew therg was going to be another great battle in the sky between their dead ancestors and the Spaniards who had killed them. Believing the thunder to be the latter's cry of fear and distress they turued out en masse in the pouring rain to cheer the raiths of their warriors When the storm began to abate they watched the skies with the utmost anxiety, for they have one sure sign by which to know which side has won the ghostly battle. If the clouds move toward the village the Indians have been victorious; but if they move from it the coyquistadores have won and everybody is sorrowful. Iu this instance the clouds swept gloriously, full phalanx, toward the town and all were happy. A feast was spread, to which we were bidden, and dancing and siziging (or, rather, howling) was kept up all night. I may mention, en t, that though we attended the feast, for to have remained away would have been construed as showing sympa- thy with the defeated Spaniards and given deadly offense, our appetites were not voracious. Chicha—home-chewed—of course flowed far moreabundantly than water and stewed puppy figured prominently among the delicacies. ‘Thanks, however, to the horde of living canines that prowled arobnd the squalling circle and to our awkwardness—both real simulated — we managed to dispose of all objectionable viands unnoticed amid the general hilarity. The worst tim@ came with the ceremony of drinking from those human skulls. Happily, eagle giving it such character, while the Ismpooning events of a po- nature. ile the post or pillar is not directly worsbiped. 8 am idol totemiam and clan feeling are quite ob- ADVENTURES OF T'SKAN-ARL. A column found at the Kaigani village, Skowl bey, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, is full of tétem and supernatural representations. The projecting figures at the top represent two chil- dren whose mother left them in her canoe on the beach while she sought pine boughs on which salmon spawn is collected. The children, disregarding her command, wandered into the woods, andon ber return and calling to them answered from woods with the voices ee het cara suctr toast, cot Chee ever she sought them two crows mocked her from the treea. It war believed that white jdren represents anch a trader. tigure below. holding a tool across ‘They were believed. to we formerly been expert with tools; that ‘stolen by a tlechlevous eharecter ‘and ever since he has been be- fate. The cry he now utters is: “I below is hoots the bear— Detween his paws. At the t Teth. the benefactor 1136 i iH = cr Fy I i Bek ahs g the batterily potuted with > giant ie. amen. One of the vm ‘Tekan-ahl was to kill the mortal enemy to man. He and threw him into the instead of burning shriveled ‘mosquito, carrying awa of fire. Now, Instead of uly suck # little blood, and little coal of fire in the ire three days to relate ‘skan-abil. it ; i H } g ° Hl Rie i ; F § 3 of the owner of the col- iy accepted opinion that truly historical, but an- Includes history. ZEALAND TIKI. is found similar idea and ous ii | fl i [ iB a & Fi e F qt i i g & ga . vat by 8 H ze ‘ i i fi | i f | I ? i 4 E i ef { HE ath rt i fl ttl 1 i i f f Hi i li id i | & A E Be , af Fil i ' re of Koone, the whole | Written for The Evening Star. Mitylene. © Mitylene! island fair, Upon the blue Agean sea, Wild rumors trembled in the air Of war's red signal seen on thee— When Britain's satlors, swift and bold, ‘That day the treasure seemed to hold. OF island of historic tame, And Grecian lore in daya of old, ‘When Lesbos was the classic name ‘So oft in song and battle tola— Bright jewel in that famous sea ‘Whose waves were full of destiny. Here Greek and Persian fought of old, ‘To win the glorious island prize; Here Greek met Greek, the warriors bold As ever fought beneath the skies— And late the British sallor brave, ‘Thundered, like Jove, above the wave. * The signal lightened once again, ‘The sailors were no hostile band; ‘Twas bat their pastime on the main, ‘A mimic battle by the sand— But like the lioft’s play, his roar May follow soon upon the shore. © Mitylene! by the shore, ‘The sainted Paul sailed long ago, ‘The voyage which a hero bore, For Christ above, and man below— ‘To bless the Gentile and the Jew, ‘To bind the old world and the new. Afid here again the Jew may come, ‘The exiles from their Journey long, On this fair isle. in sight of howe, ‘To sing tifeir last, sweet pilgrim song— And their return the signal given, Of peace on earth, and joy in heaven. J. H. Curuszar. Opening Stanford Uni a The opening exercises of the Stanford Uni- versity in California will take place Thursday morning, October 1, st the Quadrangle. Ad- dresses will be mace by Hon. Leland Stanford, President David 8. Jordan, Hon. James Shafter | and Hom. Martin Kellogg.” the exercises will be public. . neces Short Work With a Murderer. “‘squawsof any color are exempt from the hor- rible duty, the sex being too insignificant to be allowed such familiarity with the lords of Arau- cania. We saw the gentlemen of our part grow pale and paler as thove time-worn crani- ums approached, being handed from month to mouth around the circle; but subsequently every one of them assured us that though they lifted the skulls and pretended to swallow with gusto their lips touched nothing. the Araucanians are extremely supersti- tious and attach « signification to every dream, confidently looking for its fulfillment. ‘The singing of a certain bird is regarded as a bad omen and angurs death. The twitching of the muscles of the left arm also foretells death, and should it oceur to an Araucanian when en route to the field of battle the whole army would turn back. Ifone of them happens to see a fawn on the left side of a path or trail it signi- fies sickness or ill-luck, but if the animal stands on the right side it means lorg life, numerous friends and plenty to eat.. The Custinoes be- Hove in the literal resurrection of the body that the dead pass at once to happy hunting grounds in the far west where the sun sleeps and there each happy Indian has a large tract of land’and all the wild animals he can slay and eat forever. When one of that tribe dies, his favorite horee is killed to accompany him, and all his weapons, utensils and trinkets are buried with him, for use in the sunset land. ‘The friends of the deceased put food on the grave every night for weeks—and when foxes, Solves and other wild creatures devour it dar- ing the hours of darkness, they believe that the deud man has eaten it and is refreshed on long journey. A PERSONAL DEVIL. The Lianisto are firm believers in Cici—a mythical personage who takes the place of the living, walking and in the Garden of whi conversed with Grandmother Eve. It was Cict that caused the ocean at ohe time to rise over all the earth, and the Indiaus prove it by shells ‘and the bones of marine animals, which-may be found bigh in the mountains. It is Ci too, who induces people to steal and lic murder. A Liauista accused of theft is al- ways granted s hearing. or circumstantial won't do; ve ease be two eye-witnesses to establish the guilt of the offender. During our stay in the camp the precious mouth organ changed hands. The to whom we gave it in return for som ET £ E i i F i J E . SER SE & i da} ‘Whats Thunder storm Typifies—Career of a | die, Youthful Brave—A Personal Devil and the ned that a storm came on—s three | ¢j, gh an uninhabited district | bec, everybody hav- ing gone elsewhere. ‘Even the furniture, such as it is, the cooking utensils, food—everything some skins for her to lie on and a new rejoicing and the baby is named with cere- mony, geverally after some bird. flower or animal, and a period of feasting ensues. 4 CAREER OF HARDSHIPS. ‘The ice-cold bath which the infant has re- ceived in the stream, upon whose banks he was born, isan appropriate commencement to his career of hardships. He is firmly bound to a board, so that he cag conveniently be set up in 4 corner, and his cold bath coutinued daily without fire and with but a scanty allowance of clothing. In order to make him hardy he is com thoughout babyhood to sleep out of doors in all kinds of weather and is never giver mouthful of meat, though the dogs may sneak in to the fire and are genera!'y well fed. Should the lad become too fat off his vegetable diet his friends at once take him in hand. He is sent on avery long errand, on which he is required to be flect, and if he does not run fast enough he is pursued by trained runners, who prick him with sharp thorns and bits of bone to let the blood out so that he — run faster. He is then denied salt, as mts believe it is that which makes him vy. If the poor child dies of exposure through this ordeal the relatives rejoice that he has so soon becomes happy bumble bee, which is infinitely better than to bave grown up a sickly Araucanian. It is a survival of the fittest, and the urchin who thrives under such harsh treatment (and most of them do) soon commences his educa- ion. The jae ‘schoolmaster ix the mischiev- ous Cici. When the lad arrives at proper age he is taken every day to some durk recess and there the evil one teaches him the art of pub- lic speaking. ‘This exercise is kept up until he omes @ man and has learned how to appear well before an audience—according to wueanian ideas—and to entertain the wise cation of the majority ends here,but if a youth is particularly brigh: and can obtain the con- sent of the council he may also learn how to t and cure witchcraft. It is believed that all sickness isdue to witches, and when an Araucanian becomes proficient in detecting the witch and the Pan she has given to the ail- ing individual he is at once a full-fledged “medicine man” snd enjoys high honors among the people. ° WORK OF THE MEDICINE MAY. When the medicine man is called to see a sick person he converses » long time with the evil one, in aloud, gruff voice, demanding to know how the illness may becured. Sometimes he gets instructions to plant a young tree in front of his patient's house; sometimes to hold religious services by rattling a gourd contain- ing some small stones over the sick man’s body, and sometimes, when the afflicted rich squaws and ponies and the medicine man sires a fat fee, he decides upon a wonderful surgical operation. | It is attended with a great deal of ceremony. The physician's assistants beat loudly upon a drum-like tmstrument, raise an infernal din with gourds, tin pans and cast off backets and sing in a fearfal nionotone to drive away any lingering witches. Meanwhile doctor, bending over the patient—with a blanket covering them both and shielding them well from view—proceeds to remove the sick man’s stomach, heart, lungs, liver and bowels, in search of the poison adwinistered by the witch. He always finds it after along search, and shows to the patient and his astonished friends a lizard's tail, which is considered the most deadly poison, and which he claims to have found secreted in one of the vital org: Then he calls upon the friends to witness the fact that, though he has just cut the man open and tured him in- side out, as it were, nota trace of the wonder- fal operation remains, so that the man is not only free from Polson, ‘but perfectly healed and as soun efore. The faith eure gener- ally works, assisted by universal belief, but if the patierrt dies, the dogtor invariably claims that another witch visi him just after the great operation and inserted some more deadl, poison. In that case the medicine man ip called upon to point out the witch, who is at once killed—-generally some old woman who has incurred his displeasure, or a maiden who with a fine flow of language. The edu- | * And There Was Nothing for the Stranger te s De but Apologize. 667 MET A REAL KENTUCKY COLONEL ‘the other day from Louisville,” ssid a young Washington man toa Stam writer. ‘He was in all respects a most admirable represent ative of that peculiar type Which only such social conditions as existed before the war could’have produced, and which is so rapidly Passing away never to return. Tome the old gentleman was quitea study. His dress was faultless, though old-fashioned and after a mode of elegance which was of years gone by, and his manners were of the true courtly style. Of such as he few indeed now are jeft, I fancy, 80 mild of manner and yet a subdued sugges- tion about him ofthe true fire eater. “The colonel invited me to take a drink. It ‘was ats bar room near the Capitol. As well as Leould perceive during the short time of my Acquaintance with him, he invariably extended & like courtesy to every one he met. Doubtless he bad followed the practice long, inasmuch as the end of his nose was of a redness such as no mere casual potations could have incurred. He took Bourbon whisky, of course, and it is unnecessary to say that ‘he took it straight. There wasn't » tremor in his long and well- made though wrinkled hand as he held the liquor up between his eye and the light. With an elaborate compliment and an accompanyin; Graceful gesture, he drank it off and plunged anew into a story he had been telling about the war. * “We were in the trench just-under the re- doubt, he was saying, and only six men in m company were left al Close by where stood a group of adozen brave fellows had been blown to fragments by a shell. so that the ground was literally wn with bite of Hoch, and so slippery with blood that— *iumph ! “The exclamation came from a tall and loosely built man with adark mustache, who stood at the other end of the bar. The colonel turned on his heel slightly, stared at the per- son through his gold-rimmed eyeg! lasses, dropped them from his nose again and went on. “Ae T was saying, the ground was literally piled with dead, by gad, sir! But just at that moment the tide of batile turned. The Yan- b i— That's a d—A lie! \ ‘Again it was the tall man with a dark mus- tache who spoke, drawling out the words which toa Kentucky colonel have an import of insult the deadliest conseivable. The the Intter was one of perfect calmness, but the repressed passion which raged beneath his ruifled shirt bosom was betrayed by his nose, which suddenly turned perfectly white. Once more adjusting his eyeglasses and gazing through them fora moment steadfastly at the interrupter, he said: “« ‘Sir, this is a conversation of gentlemen, in which you could necessarily have no part.” I may go so faras to say thatin any conversa- tion of gentlemen you would be’ out of place. Pausing for s moment to congh slightly, he added: ‘Furthermore, sir, you will withdraw that remark which you have just made, or you will not leave this room alive.’ ‘In concluding his remarks the colonel placed his hand on his gevolver, half drawing it from his hip pocket, and in that attitude, while still gazing intently at the tall man with the dark Taubtache, aeaited a aetna very promptly. ‘The tall man apologized profuse and wanted to shake hands. - : “ No, sir!’ said the colonel, drawing himself up-with his hands behind him. ‘You are a blackguard, sir, and @ Kentucky gentleman does not shake’ hands with a person of your kind. The best thing you cat do is to get out of here at once.’ “When the tail man had slunk out of the room the whisky bottle was again set forth upon the bar. The old gentleman lifted his tumbler to his lips and I noticed that there was not tho slightest tremor in the fingers that held it. * ‘don’t see how you could do @ thing like that so well off-hand, colonel,” I said. ‘It nd death might be the question of 8 moment and your nerve aston- ‘the matter was less ished me.’ “ ‘My dear boy,’he replied, extraordinary and perbaps fess dangerous than it appeared to you. The minute that the in- salting words were said my entire line of action was planned out in my mind in a flash. To be- in with, you will remember that I taunted the fallow, eaying that he was not gentleman. 1 even repeated the taunt and paused a moment to give him an opportunity to attack me. If he had not been a coward—if he had been going to fight at all—be would have attacked me has discouraged his advances, or the eweet- heart of some enemy upon whom he wishes to be revenged. In Araucania the evil one teaches dovtors many skillful tricks in sleight of hand—such as changing noses with people, taking out the eyesand vital orgens without pain and of thrusting a sharpened stick clear through the stomach of any individual. ‘The last named trick is aid to be performed in full view of all the people, to their unbounded admiration, and the man who has learned to do it is a co plete graduate from Cici's college und an nor to his tribe and generation. Fannie B. Warp. ——___+es SHE COULD NOT LOVE HIM. He Was Bow-Legged and the Pretty Blonde 4 Said She'd Be His Sister. From the Philadelphia Press. She entered a Walnut street car at Broad Yesterday. You could tell she'd justeome from the shore by her face—last winter blonde, but now as red as a beet with an occasional freckle. “Just a lo-o-v-e-ly time,” was her gushing reply to a pretty brunette friend as she thumped into the corner seat beside her. “Oh, I just d-o-0-0-olove theshore. Never went to 80 many nice teas and parties—and dancing; why, T'm most dead from it. I could just die a-waltz- ing y'know.” “And, Fannie,” she gushingly continued. never met so m-a-n-y bald-headed men. Why, it’s getting to be just dreadful the way the men are growing bald. ‘hey should use restora- tives—it's dreadful.” ‘There was a pause. “Yes,” chirped on the summe: were a good many bald b ‘Aud “But how about Charlie?” interrupted the pretty brunette; “‘you said he was l-o-v-e-l-y in your last letter.” ‘There was a quick, surprised look, a short gurgle, and the pretty blonde pitifully replied: low! He was an awfully nice bo} a “Poor le Nice talker—danced well—and I adored him until the other day, when he did something.” “Why, what did he do?” was the quick inter- tive. poutingly. “He went in bathing, “Well, that’s nothing. “Yes ‘it was" —proudly—“yes, indeed, it was. Why, do you think—do you think,” squarin herself face to face with her branette friend, “that I would go with a bow-legged man?” ‘The car stopped and the sun-burued blonde got out. ——_+o-—__-___ Written for The Evening Star. ‘The Midnight Hours, I know the midnight hours; they are tome O10 dear familiar friends, trusty and tried,— Friends, that have borne in kindly sympathy My divers wayward moods of Joy and pain, ‘There comes, between the solemn howr and dawn— ‘When nature seems to fold her restless wings, And all the forms of too-exuberant tite Are sunk in drowsy self-torgetfalncss,— A mystic incense floating on the breeze, A mystic glory shining from the stars, A mystic induence stegling o'er the min¢, ‘The soul, loosed from itself, is free to roam ‘Through trackless felds of thought and space and time; ‘To live again im memories of the past, And awestruck gaze into eternity. ‘Washington, D. C., September 1, 1971. a ee A Touch of Human Nature, ‘From the 8t. Louis Republic. It te impossible for one who has been a A story is being told that brings out this trath. In 8 convent near St. Louis there is s nun past middle age. She is ae pure and devout as it is possible for a woman tobe. That is to say, she is ontirely unworldly. Many years ago, when she was a young girl, then. What was my object in that? Simply to give myself a plea of justifiable homicide Which would hold good before a jury. When I de manded his apology or his life I had the drop on him, and there was only one thing that he could do. There was not a moment during the Gisagreeableness when I was in any danger. I have been through a great many troubles of a tragic nature, and I tel you that the man who keeps his head wii ‘Never lose your nervein a quarrel and always keep in mind the plea of selt-defenso which you will need if you kill your adversary.’” A Hypnotized Horse. From the Buffalo Enquirer. 5. B. Glanson, a Cleveland horseman who was at the East Buffalo horse sale last Tuesday, told & remarkable story of a cnild’s contrel of a vicious Lorse. Said he: “It seemed to be a case of hypno- tism. A farmer named White has a very fine stock farm about three miles out of the city. He is a good horse trainer and prides himself on being able to handie the most vicious t of horse flesh that can be bronght to him. last spring he got more than hismatch. So: body sold him ® black stallion that was worat tempered creature Lever sa bite and strike and kick with auch fierceness that no one could get near him, and White was finally obliged to turn him out to pasture. He thought that he would have to kill him, but of course he bated to do that, for he was really a valuable beast. But he was no good, for no ‘one could get near him, to say nothing of con- trolling him. “White has a little boy eleven years old, who is one of the brightest but most gentle little fellows that I ever saw: One morning what was his surprise and alarm to see little Ralph come galloping down the lane on the ‘Biack Devil's back as happy a8 aclown. He rode up to the horse block, slid off his back and pulling the horse's head down to him,stroked and patted his great node as if he had been the kindest crea ture in the world. But as soon as any one else went near him the horse would fight like a de- mon. For several months the little fellow had a good time with his pet, but as noone else could control him he was sold to a stage driver for €25and the little boy got $10 for riding nty-five miles and delivering him safely in the stable. —_—_——_+e+ —__—_ Strangers Admitted to Parliament. ‘From the Pall Mall Gazette. A parliamentary return bas been issued of strangers admitted to the house of commons during the present parliament. In the last ses- t me- the He would da; sion the numbers fell off slightly—which is not surprising. Taking session against session, the 1886, 201; 1887, 203; 1888, 219; 1889, 210; 1890, 238; 1891, 1 But, on est in the house as a Whe' D 62. the whole, it is clear that the inter- | A Y 6H D.C, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1891—SIXTEEN PAGES. se ARE ble for what be doves. THE CRECK REIN AND Brt. “Man, who is usually merciful to other ani- male, is most cruel to the horse. The latter is Patient under pain which would make » dog eat cry aloud, and this is one reason why suffering is not Not Beast, asa rule, Merally worked all sorts of unm tortures and mutila are inflicted upon it. The familiar check is one of the mildest of these tortures, though and tossing foam from saliva to flow. When you see them it is to relieve the corners of their mout the gall: of the bite. Check reins ought be forbidden by law. ‘They were in fashion look spirited. necessary is to cut away animal mercifully with a tail for brushi the flies against which he is otherwise terminal bones of the spine, the stump seared with red hot iron to make Any sensible person knows that to ‘dock’ horse's tail is to i fashion has promulgated her decree? “It is upon the improvement of the hoofs been well-nigh in shooing the @nimal, has scooped the sole moved the heels and barned away the are naturally mottled with various shades the professional ey Dlackens and poll grease and lampblack, thus choking up Pores in the horu and ‘preventing th spiration. THE DIABOLICAL BLINDER. venting it, because, like ourselves, this usef beast fears the imperfectly known. He is n stand anything. within a few yards withont inti It is made of brass, like a bi away the driver or rider has only to pull strap, which has the effect of closing the not to ery. mother! rils, and, the child ‘eri Consequently such a sound as the crying of the process is repeated whenev. baby is never heard in an Indian camp. ee TWO KINDS OF BAD MEN. tirely Harmless. From the Kansas City Star. said a gentleman, late of Silver City. two sorts look alfke, talk alike, garb themsely. follow each other's suit from first to last: for nted. GREAT SUFFERERS from toothache,” said a veterinary sur geon toa Sram writer. “The complaint is the real cause of many a runaway that is attributed to viciousness. Horses’ teeth are very subject to decay, and no attention is paid to dentistry for their benefit, as ought to be the case. Thus it sometimes happens that the metal bit strik- ing upon the exposed nerve of a tooth will set ‘the animal wild in s moment and start him off upon the run. In fact, for the time being. the Poor beast is actually crazy and not responsi- only is the to death. but | tions | rein | iteelf bad enough: the bit is another more | severe. People think it is fine to sce a noble | Pair of horses flinging their beads in the air ir mouths. In reality the poor animals toss their heads to relieve the inful strain of the check, which makes the it 0 distressing to the mouth, causing the | and shake their hends so nobly, making rattling of the harness, | ithe from. far back as the time of the Pharaohs, as ancient sculptures in relief show, und were, doubtless, f | adopted to hold up the horse's head and make | ‘achion combines with ignorance to torture the horse. To achieve swoliness the first thing 1 mane 80 as to imi- tate the beasts which draw the sculptured chariots of antiquity. Nature has provided the | away | Therefore the mode requires that this useful | and necessary appendage shall be chopped off | short, which signifies not merely the cutting of | the hair. but the amputation of several of the | it heat seriously subtract from the creature's beauty; but what does that matter if ahorse, however, that human ingenuity hae xbausted. After the farrier, the thinness of paper, cat away the ‘frog,’ re- fe lowered and cut open the wall with red-hot iron | the groom takes the matter in hand. Hoofs brown, gray and black, but this does not please | ¢ of the stableman, 0 he fahes them carefully with the | needful “Another diabolical invention for the dis- comfort of the horse is the ‘blinder,’ the ob- ject of which is to prevent the animal from seeing things that will frighten him. But the fact is that blinders cause fright instead of pre- | afraid of what he sees and understands, but with blinders on he can neither see nor under- “Speaking of runaways, there is a contriv- ance which will stop the most infuriated horse | icting any pai ‘and when fitted over the animal's nose it is not at all conspicuous. If the beast attempts to run Is.” ‘The horse, when its nostrils are closed, is helplees, not being able to breathe, and 40 is brought quickly to # standstill. Indian squaws have a similar method of teaching their babies | When an infant raises ite voice the | loses its mouth and compresses its nos- ies, 1t very soon learns to be silent. | One is Dangerous and the Other is En- “Bad men in the west break into two classes,” “The sure enough and the imitation bad man. One | of tin. Many writers believe that the ancient is a killer and the other simply blusters. The in big hats, belt guns on their hips, swear and | guzzle the throbbing whisky of the region, and which reason it is hard to tell the real thing from the counterfeit. The only sure way of distinguishing the trae solid silver bad man from the plated fellow is to test them as fast as METALS OF THE ANCIENTS. Knew About Them and Uses ‘They Put Them ta “ SEEMS PROBABLE THAT THE DIA- mond was not known in the time of “Moses,” said Parte of the Bible signifies simply a very hard stone and would be equally applicable to many other gems. Diamonds were certainly known at alater period among the ancients, however, and possessed a high value chiefly because of their rarity and extreme hardness. For it is a stone of no extraordinary brilliancy of beauty until it has been cut, and the art of cutting and pol- ishing diamonds was not discovered until 1456, A.D. The cut diamonds credited to Hindoo | and Chinese ata very early epoch are | attrvediiy tho fees aatbneitor se have been sapphires. Polished and engraved gems of other kinds were known in the time of the ex- odus. “The alabaster of the ancients was not the compact variety of gypsum from which vases | other ornaments are carved nowadays, but | @ stalagmitic carbonate of lime. It was mostly employed in the old days in the manufacture of receptacles for containing unguents and perfumes. The nitre repeatedly mentioned in the Bible was not saltpetre, but an impure carbonate of soda obtained from certain Inkes in Egypt called the lakes of natron. wae used for making soap and also mummifying process. GOLD KNOWS To THE ANCIENTS. “Of the metals known to the ancients | Probably gold was the first discovered. It| abounded in the sands of many rivers of an-| tiquity which have long «ince ceased to be | auriferous, From the readiness with which it was to be got in those early times one ma! imagine how such prodigious quantities of gold were coliected as are spoken of by authors ‘who describe the wealth of Solomon, the stat- ues, tablets and veesels of gold dedicated by Semiramis and the riches of Croesus. Roman conquerors fetched the precious metal home with them literally by wagon loads. These | great accumulations were usually the results Of. conquests. So it wax with the enormous treasures gathered at Babylon under Semira- mis, at Jerusalem under Solomon, at Sardis under Cravsus, again at Babylon undor Darius, | at Alexandria under Alexander and afterward at Rome while she wasat the summit of her power. Inasmuch as gold in those days was ‘used solely for the purpose of ornament it was Jess likely to be widely scattered through a multitude of hands. “The first mention of gold and silver is where Abraham is described as ‘very rich in cattle, silver and gold." Gold seems to be referred to in the Bible and generally in ancient books as conspicuously associated with lordly wealth. Funnily enongh, the metal is ascertained to bave been at Rome 300 years before Christ for securing artificial teeth in their placer. Cloth wasalso made of it. Pliny opsabe of having seen Agrippina, wife of the Emperor Claudius, seated at her husband's side during & naval sham battle clothed in a robe of gold, Woven without admixture of other material. Though the auriferous sands of rivers andullu- | ial plains furnished most of the gold anciently, mines were worked also. ‘The Pharaohs of Egypt drew great quantities of the yellow metal from mines in that country. SILVER USED AS MONEY. “Many references in the Bible render it cer- tain that silver was used for money very an- ciently. The first mention of its employment in this way is in the ge where Epbron values his field at 400 shekels of silver, which are weighed out to him by Abraham. Joseph's | brothers are suid to have wold him for 20 pieces of silver, and they took silver with them on | both occasions when they went into Egypt to buy corn. Mirrors in Pliny’s time were com- monly of silver, although previously they had been made of a mixture of ff and copper. “Iron bas been known from a ante- dating history. A wedge of at has been found in the Great Pyramid, and therefore the metal must have been known in the time of Moses, 1500 B.C. In the fourth chapter of Genesis it is mentioned that Tubal-Cain was the in- structor of every artificer in brass and iron. Brass was a very indefinite term among the in | to | of to of al ot in. | er a) tures it is seldom to be understood. to signify the alloy of copper and zine uow called by that name. ‘The brass tempered for edged tools or | weapons of war in early times was usually a compound of copper and tin, now known as | bronze. An sualysis made of a Grecian helmet found it to be copper mixed with one-fifth part | brass was a native alloy procured directly in | the mixture used from mines long since ex- res | hausted. : ‘Lead was known to the ancients, but wasre- | garded as of little value. It was the custom | among the early Hebrews to engrave records of | importance upon tablets of lead with an iron stylus. The Phoenicians used it for anchors. Mercury was familiar to the contemporaries of | Aristotle. Antimony was employed by the old Romans for stain: ‘Diack the hair, eyebrows, eyelashes and the edges of the eyelids.” | New ancients, Where it is spoken of in the Scrip- | Ply NEW YORK NOTES The Wonderful Growin in Recent Fosse of Metrepolte Special Cormapondence of The Even nw Rta, ™ New Yorn, Sept. 25, 1898, 7B ARE FOND OF SPEAKING OF THR gourd-like growth of western towns, and T do not forget that Washington bereelf bas her unparalieied boom. At the same time I donbt if there is another city in the United States, or the world, that bas had such an astonishing 4e- velopment in certain directions within the port ton years as New York city. This was brought to my mind pecaliarly today by « remark made featmate on the elevated. '@ had been traveling for aboat a mile and a half through a canon of brick end mortar in the shape of five, six and eight-etory fate, with Jong vistas of tall honscs stretching in solid Diocks on either side from Central Park to the Hudson river. My neighbor looked up from his paper with the remark: “Ten years ago to- day I moved up to my house on 206th street. At that time there was scarcely # single house between the house and where we are now. I could see iu all directions as far as the eve coma any improvements on ere were two or three semi-country seats near me, surrounded by large grounds, and on the vacant lots were various settiement® of squatters, but this was all. In that ten years the real estate valuation of rk west of Central I from comparatively nothing tt is now, should nay at a guess, €200,000,000. Witheut having the figures before me I remember that the increase in some single yours has been 20,000,000 in the valuation. “I was present two or three years ago at one auction sale of real estate where West Side property was dim posed of at an aggregate value of over £3,000,000 which seventy years ago bad been bongbt as @ wooded track by a New Yorker ia {order that he could eut from it loge for his city Ouse. All these anecdotes make ono fvel like kiek- ing himself ali round the blocks that he sees on every side, and yet the reflection alweve intrndes itself that there are just as good fxn im the wea were caught. If we were only as admirably gifted with foresight as with hind sight what a charming world thie might be. One may take a train at 104th street and G0 Up jnstend of down for six or eight miles, Sad ett bo within the city limite of York, re there are broad domains untouched br the builder aud almost in a state of aboriginal forest. LIGHT AND SHADE tN WALL eTREET. The event of the week has been the tremen: dous old-fashioned boom in Wallstreet, brought out in all the more vivid colors by the dramatic failure of the house of S. V. White & Co. seemed very surprising to most je that such a whirlwind of universal good luck should have this sharp note of despair ax a prominent | feature. But the trouble was thai con” for once thought he could stem the tide of universal prosperity, and had the same mishap which Partington when «be got ber f Hence, o1. the very day when the stock market bent the re when everybody was hess, came the rombor announcement that t Riant house had collapsed. It can't be satd that there was any sorrow expressed, except ae Mr. White personally is as popular as any of the great Wall street magnates. cextucy of happi- the necessities of life, but it may be said, if this is any satisfaction, that almost invarial) those who have undertaken to put an artificial value on brendstuffs have puid dearly for their andacity. The result is one of nearly uniform failure. ‘This ought to be of some comfort to thore who are so fervid in their denunciations: in gamblers; it seems to be » game oth sides of the toss-penny are taile. It is understood that the house will get on its legs again, and probably in « short time it will ‘be rolling in wealth again " "be once more « , it is just as well to ob- serve that Mr. White 1 ta deacon at all, but riy would give him « brevet disconase ta the treet. QUESTION OF THE ROCLESIANTIOAL RATTLE. ‘The orthodoxy of Union Theological Seminary does not seem to interfere with ite material prosperity. At any rate, it began the shoal year yesterday with a larger attendance them ever and with a very hopefal and belligerent spirit everywhere maniiest. U ly we shall have @ pretty stormy winter in Presbyte- Tian circles. The seminary is full of fight, and, on the other band, whut may fairly be called the dominant forc a the church are deter mined to deal sternly with the seminar; The battle may be joined on the 5th'of next month, when the'New York presbytery has ite monthiy meeting. It is more likely, however that nothing will be done at that th: imitation bad man. and—hear him fell it—hed filled ‘more grav than an epidemic. if ho ever drew human blood, and ‘rustlers’ si no courage. fe und the peacocks with the Russian, th for one evening the impulsi Shakes} Ariz., took Bill it incontitentiy | hung bene esse. The Russian though, for the man, time an larly regarded him as a man him compan, tree tho same, ycl struck nothing but clean-strain gyme. and of bad men. “Russian Bill, who in the early "80s ry rustler in the alley of the San Simon in Ari- zona and a singularly industrious horse and cattle stealer of that sbadeless region, was an He was a great talker, It is doubtful, however, | the other It turned out a case of the mag- tang ough, | denizens of word for de stretched another gentle- | Pandy King. There was no discount, a ever, on King. One could have taken « brace and bit and bored clear through King ond Tusian Bill were together on the oc: easion of their apprehension and taking off, and were decided specimens of the two types is AT OSTEND, Germans and Englishmen Play Heavily at the New Kesort. Monte Carlo is just now thrown entirely in the shade by Ostend, says a cable dispatch to the New York World, where the rage for gam- bling seems to have reached a point approach- ing madness. A well-known London man, whose ventures in a single day have amounted | to as much as 600,000 francs, left Ostend a few | days ago with enormous gains, and he is but ‘one of several players who have had astonish ing luck thie season, to the severe loss of the bank. Ono day this summer there was complaint made of the scarcity of 1,000-franc jetons (chips) for the players, whereupon the bank | conceived the very unlucky notion of ordering | a number of 5,000-franc jetons from Paris. | ‘The result of this was that the ui GAMBLL | of | } nerally > #0 at itall night, for the room is open at ‘The founders and managers of the club are i Parisians, and they pay a y of Ostend ss FF : | fi SEE in i t f f i | E ! sf a fir ry H { | i ague, Prof. Francis Bi ‘ scholarship on the questions involved and great popularity in eh of much usc at this crisis inary also congratulates itself this time great epecch of the assembly at Detroit. He began his official conection with Union yesterday, and wall be in the front rank of her defenders when the case comes before the presbytery and the church, The question of Union's relation to the church has quite overshadowed that of the revision for the tune Winter for active discussion, and may at any time precipitate a very lively controversy. 4 BUSIXERS Boom. that it is very “republican weather.” already beginning to teel the impuise given te all branches of trade by the «plondid crops. This is teit not merely in Wall street, but in every legitimate busines. It ix thought thet here ‘el be pearly €500,000,000 extra sovking investment in a few weeks, owing to payment by the farmer classes of tions and by their receipts from Wall street is quite sure that date this amount of crry” THE CI There is # strong belicf, too, that we axe rapidly coming to « new departure in our ex- port trade. The idea of reciprocity bas taken root in the imagination of our larger houses af Hid