Evening Star Newspaper, January 3, 1891, Page 13

el THE EVENING STAR! WASHINGTON, D. 0, SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, 1891-SIXTEEN PAGES THE AZORE ISLANDS. Something of the Group Comprising This Archipelago, THE LOST CONTI> ENT. Its History Fall of Scientific as Well as Gen- eral Interest—It Was a Great and Wonder- fal Lmpire—Tbe First Island Discovered— Present Beauties and Commerce. ‘Written for The Evening Star. Col. Sam ©. Reid, who has lately returned frem an exploring tour of the Azore Jslands, Gives the following interesting and graphic sketch of his observations, with some tradition- ary legends: The archipelago of the Azores consists of nine islands—Flores, Corvo, Gracioso, Ter- ceira, St. George's, Fayal, Pico, Sen Miguel or St. Michael's and St. Mary's, running W. tty village of Furnas, is celebrated for its Wonderful mineral and medicinal waters, both cold and hot, especially the latter, of iron and sulphur, which rise in great volumes from the earth in vast rocky caldrons, hot. | There isa very fine mazble bath house near | the springs, containing some sixty bath rooms, with drewsing rooms, 10 which tho waters are condueted, built by the t, free for ali! This is the great fashionable wat place in summer for the nabobs and nobilit the irland, as well as of Lisbon, who have built palatial residences hore, surrounded by most extensive parks filled with forest trees, shrubs and flowers from every clime. Along the wi 4- ing paths are grottos, fountains, lakes. id | murmuring streams and waterfalls, making a fairyland for lovers. e iticent views of sea and landscaj afforjed_ trom the peaks of the surroundi mountains are perfectly enchanting and greatly add to the charms of this lovely place. Gay | partics of ladies and gentlemen or rm « merry cavalcade on donkeys, by w most of these mountain peaks are reached, enjoy a jolly time. | POVOACAO-CARSINHO GRANDE. The mest charming and fashionable drive is on the Carminho Grande (grand road), which | ads from the village of Furnas to the ancient town of Povoacao (pronotMced Povoason), on the southeast part of the island, distance ei¢ht miles, This road is forty feet wide and is eut and N.W. to E.S.E. and covering @ linear distance | in the rocky side of the mountain of Pico do of some 300 miles. These islands are situated deiween and 39° 44’ north latitade and 25° 1@ and 31° 7 west longitade from Greenwich, the average latitude being that of Philadelphia. They are mostly surrounded by high, rocky cliffs, oF palixedes, from 50 to 200 feet high, having only narrow inlets for landing, without | any safe. nataral harbors, and may be said to | be the Gibraltars of the Atlantic, for the; almost impregnable from assault. The two | Principal ports of commerce are Da Horta, Fayal, and Ponta Delgada, at San Miguel, which have artificial harbors by means of breakwaters built out for the protection of yessela. Dut all cargoes are landed in lighters. Terceira, Fayal, Pico and San Miguel are the most important and interesting. ‘The latter is the largest of the group, being about forty miles in len and nine to twelve in width. its principal secport is the beautiful city of Penta Delgada, numbering 35,000 inhabitants, with many elegant buildings, grand roads, | leading to Gardens of Eden through magnifi- | cent scenery, with some ok! convents and | churches builé over 300 years ago. POXTA DELGADA. Ponta Delgada is situated on the southwest point of the island and is about three miles | sqnare, with cultivated farms on the rising | hills in its rear, gradually extending to the lofty peaks of the mountains like fearful waves of the sea which loom up along the center of | the island. It is the third city of importance A in the kingdom of Portugal. The principal | commerce of these islands is with England, | though there is a line of sailing vessels from | Boston which make the voyage every three onths, and a steamship bas lately been put by (& Rortugmese company to ran between New York and Lisbon via the Azores. It is remarkable that there is so little com- rauni¢ation or trade with the United States.and, indeed, it would seem that the history and at- tractions of these islands are but little known to the American people, who generally appear to be ignorant of their existence or location. Had they any idea of the wonderful display of i auties and indeseribable frealts of nature, their extraordinary hot and cold springs of every known character (at San Mignel), which should make it the grentest health tesort of the world, the exhilarating, balmy climate, the magnificence of theit gar- den parks and the superiority of their delicious wines and fruits.they might be induced to visit | this terra incognita or unknown fairy islands of the world. HISTORY OF THE ATLANTIS. i The old world history of the islands of the Atlantis is full of the deepest interest to the scientist, naturalist and student of geology, as weli as to the common public. It is believed that the islands of the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries and Cape de Verds once formed part of the “lost continent,” or great isla as it was called, then known as the Atlantis. That such a continent once existed there can be bat little doubt. As early as the fourth century before Christ, Thepompus, whose works were com; in that period, refers to the continents which we now call Europe, Asia and Africa as being “surrounded by the sea, but that beyond them, to the westward, “e: isted an ieland, or continent, of immense tent, containing great cities, by civil- izedandorderiy nations.” Thisis confirmed by Solon, the Greek philosopher, poet and law giver, who lived 600 years B. C., and on visit- ang Egypt received from the Egyptian priests what purported to be “an account of the island of Atlantis,” and which was transmitted to his descendant Plato and by him preserved in his writings 400 years B. C. In this account it appears that the first king of Atlantis was Poseidon, who divided his Kingvlom into ten parts, giving a tenth to each of his ten sons. To Atlas, the eldest, fell the largest and fairest portion, and he was made king over his brothers, wo’ ranked as princes. From him the whole island and surrounding ocean received the name of Atlantix. These ten kings possessed 10,000 chariots. The Atlan- tisians were apparently sun worshipers and ereeted to the honor of their deity magnificent temples, with statues and ornaments of gold and silver, which abounded. The people had attained to a high degree of civilization and built vast temples of worship and palaces for their princes, as well ag harbors and dock yards for their ships, their ports being open to the | free trade of foreign vessels, which frequented the same. A LASOR FLEET OF WAR SIPS. ‘There was abundance of timber for all pur- Poses, and their own fleet numbered 1,200 ships of war. There were all the various kinds of fruit trees, cereals and shrubs. Cattle, horses and other domestic at.d wild animals abounded. They had numerous fountains of hot and col springs, which they used largely for bathing themselves and also their horses, of which they took extreme care. Now, in those days the ishind of Atlantis was | larger then Libya Asia put together, and was tated in front of the straits called the | Columns of Heracles and was the way to other | islands, and from the islands you might pass through the whole of the opposite continent, which surrounded the true ocean. For. this | sea, which is within the straits of Heracles, is | uly a harbor, having a narrow entrance, but | other ia a real .d the surrounding land muy be truly called a continent. | A GREAT AXD WONDERYUL EMPIRE. At that time Atlantis was a great and won-| derful empire, which had rule over the whole | island and several others, as well as over parts of the continent, and besides these they sub-| jected the parts of Libya within the Columns of | ‘Heracles as far as Egypt, and of Europe as far | as Tyrrbenia. ‘This vast power thus gathered into one had been wonderfully aggressive towards the whole of Europe and Asin and en- deavored to subdue at one blow Egypt and Greece and all the lauds within the straits. In | shone forth in all the len © virtue and strength among all mankin she was the first in courage and military skill and was the leader of the Hellenes. And when the rest fell off from her, being compelled to stend alone after having undergone the very extremity of danger, she defeated and triumphed over the invaders. But afterward there occurred violent earth- quakes and floods, and in a single day and night of rain all the warlike men of Greece sank in a body into the earth and the island of Atlantis in like manner disappeared and was sunk be- neath the sca. ‘THR FIRST ISLAND DISCOVERED. After the san bad marked its golien tallies on the western horizon of bygono centuries of time, the first island discovered of the Azorian group was that of Santa Maria or St. Mary's, mm 1432. It was found to bea fertile. well- wooded island, but totally uninhabited. It was first colonized in 1435 under the auspices of Prince Henry, son of John I, King of Por- tugal. It ix celebrated for having had the honor of receiving Christopher Columbus on the 17th of February, 1495. who, on returning from his first discovery of Hispaniola or Hayti, in bis ship Nina, was forced by a terrible Eile to pat into the bay of Santa Lazia of this Is i# remarkable thaz while a sea channel of only forty-four miles separates St. Mary's from island of San Miguel, the latter was only | May 8, 1444. twelve years after ys. San Miguel is the queen island of the Azores, and abounds in_ the | 1 | these islands. ‘The government of Portngal has built some of the grandest roads in the world on both sides of the coast line and in the interior of this and the other islands. which for their marvelous en- gineering, cut in the sides of the mountains and bridging deep ravines, are unsurparsed. ‘TRE VALLEY OF DAS FURNAK. ‘Twenty-six miles from the city of Ponta Del- gada lies the beautiful enchanting valley of “Das Furnas,” which was once the crater of « werible voleano, whose eruption in 1630 created the grentest consternation on the island, volumes are | clectrifies you wi Passo, 3,040 fect high, which it gradi ascends, "ith oceasional stretches quite level, and along which cool refreshing springs from the mountain side empty into marble. basins, | In ascending this mountain you pass grand for- | ests and look down into fearfully deep ravines | and chastas, with pretty cottages and cultivated [lands in the rich valleys below, until finally, by a sudden turn in the road, you reach the top of the mountain ridge, when a scene of grand wonder and admiration. A. viow of the vast blue ocean breaks upon the vision, while Zar down beneath your feet lies a pretty inlet bay guarded on each side by high rocky cliffs, off from which are seen the tiny | sails of fishermen’s boats, floating like aphro- Gites of the sea. Far to the south ix seen .an | ocean view of the indented mountains of the island of St. Mary, like a silver cloud on the horizon. Then, turning to the east, you gaze down the mountain slope into an exquisite val- ley, where lies the town of Povoacao, with its pretty villas and churches extending south to the seashore, and on the slopes of the northern bills the waving green corn of cultivated lands, while to the west looms up the great mountain of Pico da Vara, the highest on the island, be- ing 3,570 fect high, the whole scene filling’ one with delight. oHO CHASM. Another scene of varied, exquisite beauty and phenomenal sublimit; is the donkey ride to the “Echo Chasm,” three miles west from Fur- nas, formed by the chain of the Castello moun- tains, the Pico do Cedros and the Pico da Vigia, where four or five immense precipices and rav- ines meet in a fearful chasm, which a startling echo is prod ‘The donkey path, as it winds its way up the mountains from ridge to ridge, passes through a dense forest of pineand cedar, the roadsides of which are adorned with an un- dergrowth of evergreens, bl i becutiful ferne and strange every hue, unknown in American woods. A grand sea view of both sides of the island is from luced. | presented from Pico da Vigia, while the P igia, e the peaks of the surrounding mountains, towering the canopy of a blue silkensky, form one of na- ture’s grandest panoramas. ‘THE SEVEN CITIES. Perhaps the most fascinating mountain scenery of the island of San Miguel is that of the Sete Cidades, or Seven Cities, at the west- ern end of the island, ten miles from Ponta Delgada. It is only from tradition that the fearful story is told how that 450 years ago this was the highest point and most fiduriahing of the ialand. An immense voleanie mountain then existed there, surrounded by seven hills, on which were built seven cities, and which were all destroyed by an earthquake and the ter rible eruption of this volcano. By a donkey ride of two miles you ascend 1.800 feet to the surface of this once great crater and look down into a vast mountain hollow, 1,500 feet in depth, where a beautiful valley forms an ellipse of four miles in cireumference, dotted with pret andachurch. On the east sicle of the valley are two lovely twin Jakes, united by narrow neck, and occupying fps of its area. The striking contrast of to ‘ecipitous walls of the crater to , Tise the @ height of 2,700 feet, being the highest sum- mitot Pico do Ledo, which overlooks three parts of the island, with the ocean on either side, while you’ gaze with thrilling awe fearful declivity upon the two lakes below, presenting a scene of inexpressible grandeur and beauty. All the towns and cities of these islands havo their historical legends, the events of which are full of the deepest interest, as well as the Primitive mauners and customs of the bour- geois, or country peop! types of a1 fiquity in the moresque architecture and carv- ings of old churches and convente are very at- tractive and make one feel the sensation of treading on the classic ground of past centuries. PAYAL. Fayal is second in point of commerce and magnificent scenery. The city of Da Horta is its port of entry, which has a fine bay, formed by the headlands of two high promontories, Espaiamanca on the northeast and Monte da Guia on the southwest, 340 feet high. The Cal- deira of the volcanic mountain Da Praya do Norte, 9,935 feet high, with a crater 1,800, feet deep, erapved in 1672, destroying many villages and ‘is the principal scenic attraction. ‘The drives around, the island are charming, espe- clally to the village of Capello, fourteen’ m southwest of La Horta, the road being lined with beautiful blue hydrangeas of great size. Fayal is distinguished for being the soene of the greatest battle fought on the ocean, being that of the U.S. private armed brig-of- war Gen. Armstrong, with a British squadron, in September, 1814. ‘The Armstrong was com- manded by the father of Col. Reid, who, while | at Fayal, received the distinguished attentions of the ‘civil and military governors and the prominent people of Fayal. ‘The seventy-sixth anniversary of the battle was duly celebrated there for the first time. ‘The pivot gun “Long Tom,” a forty-two pounder, which was served on the Armstron with such terrible execution to the Britis forces, is kept as relic of this memorable battle and is mounted in the castle of San J near which the Armstrong was blown up, and her wreck lay for years on the beach. Opposite Faysl, only four miles distant, lies the island of Pico, celebrated for its fine winesand fruits, ite charming drives and seashore views, overlook- the island of St. Georges. grandest anic mountain of ail these islands is at , from which it takes its name. Mount Pico’ is 7,635 fect high, and the magnificent ever-changing views aiforded by the silvery clouds floating over it, especially at sunset, are an cribable. tee ‘What Will It Bring? What shall the New Year bring thee? Silver and gold? Freedom from toil’ grim bondage? Pleasures untold? Days full of dreamy leisure? Nights of delicious ease? Never a breath to rume ‘The calm of life's placid seas? Or woul thon have it thee T and fame? — ‘The diadex: of the victor? ‘A mighty name? ‘Touch ‘tafrning genius? “The gift of the “goiden tongue?” ‘The pen by whowe inagic power ‘The world’s Republican Senators Who Won't Stand tn the Party Line. THREE PROMINENT FIGURES ~ CHARACTERISTICS OF SENATOR TELLER—QUIET BUT FIRM—SENA- TOR WOLCOTT’S HUSTLING WAYB—A YOUNG SER- ATOR WITH OPINIONS—STRWART'S HOBBIES. 18 EVIDENT that Senator Teller, having declared himself, is not going to let his op- position to the foree bill be merely passive. He is man of judicial mind, firm convictions, reserved but aggressive. He may be depended upon to doall in his power to sustain himeelf in the position he has taken, otherwise he would have maintained silenve. Heis one of the few men in the Senate who immediately attract the attention of the stranger in the gallory and canse him to ask: “Who is that?” There is a keenness about his visage which leads to the prompt conclusion that he is more than an inary man. He is somewhat under size, being below medium height and rather slender. His movements are Searecor of tempers which le plainly seoaped racter o! Spon his face. "He kas high, brood forehead and a long face, well proportioned and taper- ing tos promitient chin, well wet to sapport firm mouth. His thick’ dark hair, sprinkled with gray, is worn moderately long and combed Mrraight back from the forehead after the atyle of Gen. Jackson. His face is marked with lines which indicate thought and quickness as well as firmness, He is not a talker. That is, he does not talk much, though when he does talk he does it well. He carries this trait from the Senate chamber into his private relations. QUIET BUT Frux. He does not fully reveal himself to passers by. His opinions are matured afterthought and are seldom expressed before there is a de- mand for them. Enthusiasm, excitement and histe are almost unknown to him, or if they do | enter into his make-up they are not revealed to the outside world. Heserve and self- confidence and perhaps consciousness of ower are shown in his face aud bearing, but never obtrudes himself in any way. He is aptto have set convictions on any question tis occupying public attention, but they are not set, as are those of a bigot, who reaches aconclusion and then patches ip some reason to sustain it. With his conviction fol- lows reason, and nothing but superior reason can shake it. He is a man ofaction. All along he has kept very quiet about the force bill and it has been uncertain whether or not he would oppose it outside of the party caucus. His position was. matter of grave concern to the managrs of the bill for the reason that he one whose opinion carries weight. Ho is an ardent and earnest advocate of free coinage of silyer and as such has all along been impatient at the dallying with the clections bill, but bis specch on the subject shows objections to the Dill ituelf entirely apart from the position it occupies in blocking the way of silver legisla: tion. His attitude since this first declaration of prineiple is characteristic. He has not done as others have, as was the common practice among republicans who opposed the tariff bill Inet Congres, and as some have done in this de- bate-—declared his opposition to the bill and let it restat that. He has since taken an active part in replying to his colleagues and in trying tion ty. to prove to the whole Senate that the p he has taken is right and wise for the party. He is ons of the ablest men in the Senate and his words have done more, perhaps, than those niftered by any other Senator to discomft Mr. joar. ‘ MR. WOLCOTT AS A HUSTLER. Mr. Wolcott is man who is constantly send- ing cold chills up and down the backs of Hoar, Edmunds, Harris and some of the rest of the older Senators, who have their own notions abgut the rights of new Senators, especially if they are young, to form and oxpres’ an opin- fon. He has a number of opinions ona num- ber of subjects, and he not only acts as if he thought he had ‘a right to them, but even ex- them in a very bold and convincing manner. It is shocking to the nervous system of the Senate to have a young man talk as he does, | The solons might get used to his bold- ness if he did not talk so well; but for him to rush headlong into prominence is to them in- excusable. He does not look like the manhe is. His face and manner show keenness; © sporting man would call him “Ay,” and he is evidently bold, but the casual observer would not take him for an orator and a master of logie who could at- tract attention among the body of who constitute the United States Senate. He looks like a sporting man of the jolly, generous, de- vil-may-eare sort, who can pass the world around in the good-fellow class. He is well formed and athletic in build, with flesh enough to indicate good living. His face is altogether too full of tely tinted flesh to suggest the student—except in the rush line of a foot ball team. RE 18 UP TO SNUFF. Most any man of the world would readily be- Hieve that he has wasted more midnight oil in prosecuting a game of poker than in the study of law, politics or science. He is evidently fond of dress, and is not entirely unconscious of the fact that he is # fine-looking man, one who would be 107 eke”, attract attention from a gallery fal o such as listened to his speech Tuesday. He does not take to the sedate senatorial suit of solemn black, and his neck- wear is sometimes “positively shocking.” On Tuesday he wore a ey blue tie, fed ont and pinned with a diamond. In addition to this he wears his hair parted in the middle. His habitual air is of self-confidence mingled with general indifference; not undignified, but not straining after dignity. His predecessor, Mr. Bowen, had the reputa- tion of being the best poker player who ever served in Congress up to his time, but Wolcott, it is said, would consider him but’ baby. But if he is an expert at poker he plays at the game of statesmanship with nearly as much skill, and he promises to have wide fume before he has served another year. Anthony Higgins is a Precocious youth in the Senate, but Wolcott is ahead of him on that score. SENATOR STEWART AND TIS HOBBIES. Stewart of Novada, another of those in open revolt against tho managers of the force bill, not only looks like Santa Claus, but has that genial, generous, good-natured manner which we like to consider one of the attributes of the es saint of our childhood. He has two obbies, silver and the race problem, Silver is first, always first. The race question is one rather in the retrospect in his mind than one for future solution. He is regarded as the au- thor of the fourteenth amendment to the Con- stitution, and with that and the one succeeding the negro problem has beon working itself out. These two questions being so closely allied in the present controversy in the Senate, it is not foram | that Mr. Btewart shoald take an active part in the struggle, nor is it strange that he should occupy the ground that he does. He takes such an interest in the fate of ail- ver, so enrnest ishe in the advocacy of free coinage, that he nover neglects an opportunity to talk’ on. the subject, in season'cr out of feason. It is believed that he would get out of bed at any time to talk on the subject. It is taid that his favorite song is “Silver Threads Among the Gold.” A PATRIARCH IN APPEARANCE. In appearance he is as much of @ patriarch a Mr. Edmunds of Vermont. Senator Stewart 4s probably the largest man in the Senate, un- lows, perhaps, Hiscock might measure up to him. “He is ‘slow of movement and never tly excited or- exciting in his hes. is experience has ‘served him well and he has learned how to enter a sharp controversy with- oat getting mad. Persistency to hin iva virtue highly to be honored, and he practices it ns akillfally in behalf of silver as hns Blair for '# gFeat heart is wrung? Ab! wouldst thou a. “twould bear thee yeahs roa oat Days w! rightly greet thee = * Laden with parest bliss? ‘What will the New Year bring thee? Crowned desires? From the New York Tribune. of ashes 4 isn Beyptan Garkness. This valley, in now in atthe bead of the cuisine department, re cleves £70) a year, with board ‘and et U known 7 4 Sean eee wo ens of whem Use contesonss, tb two poe pe i a fect + of assistants, male and female, ‘Tperatua workers, igoees ohiae og ane 3 * sicckeper "Lhe callay i's cimerent in behalf of the educational bill, temper- ns rights. — =: Sunflower State Phil le From the Atchison Giobe. ae People hate the man who is a constant drain on their sympathy. “== Don't put too much trust in Providence. Providence has her arms full of fools already. ‘The Lord never intended griet to spread; you can cry in secret, but you can’t enjoy » joke alone. ‘A man never lives so long that he shed more sincere tears than those he wiped off on his way into your ets. Until the conceit is effectually taken out of a man, asit always is sooner or.lnter, it will do everything for him exeept pay his board. Brief Story of the Crime Which Sheoked the ‘World. INDIANS—AID SOUGHT FOR THE SURVIVORS. AS ATTEMPT is now being made to give cons essional aid to those who were saved at the time of the Mountain Meadow massacre im 1857. That terrible slaughter of innocent women and children, as well as of unarmed men, took place so long ago that but few now remem- ber any of the details surrounding it. A band of emigrants numbering, it is variously stated, from 120 to 150 had started from Arkansas to ‘wagons and thirty mules and horses, and the total value of their possessions was between $60,000 and $70,000. FALS® CHARGRS AGAINST THE EMIGRANTS. ‘They had proceeded as far as Cedar City, Utah, and it was alleged that during their jour- ney from Salt Lako City to that place the exal- | hie grants had been guilty of poisoning streams and of committing other outrages. These charges, it in believed, had no foundation, but were brought to cast reflection upon the emi- grants and to enable the Mormons to throw the Tesponsibility of the erime upon the Indians. ¢ attack commenced on Sunday and the emigrants at once placed their wagons in a cir- cle, dug a pit in the center, in which the; placed their wives and children and stand a siego. In this way they offered more resistance than was expected and withstood the attack for four days. During this time their ammunition gave out and many snffered in- tenscly from thirst, for water could only be ob- tained at night and the trip to the creek, al- though but a short distance, was attended with reat peril, as the approach was covered by the Indians. Finally © company of Mormon militia ap- peared, and one of their number was sent for- ward with a fing of truce. ‘These Mormons agreed to protect the omigrants if they would lay down their arms and ammunition to avoid further exciting the Indians. This was done. Jolin Who was after execu for being the principal participator in this hor- rible crime, in his confession gave the follow- ing as the plan of the massacre, which he as- serted was arranged and ordered by high Mor- mon officials. ‘THE MORMAN PLAN OF MASSACRE. It was arranged that Lee should conclude terms with the emigrants and as soon as they had delivered themselves into the power of the Mormons should start for a ranche on the east- em side of the mendows with the wagons and arms, tho young children and the sick and wounded. “The men and women, the latter in front, were to follow the wagons, all in single file, and on each side of them the militia were to ‘be drawn up, two deep and with twenty between their lines. Within rds of camp the men were to be brought to a halt until the women approached acopse of scrub oak about a mile distant and near to whioh Indians lay inambush. The men were now to resume their march, the militia forming in single file, each one walking by the side of an emigrant and carry his musket on the left arm. As s00n as the women were close to the am! Higbee, one of the Mormon leaders, who was in charge of the detachment, was to give the signal by saying to the command, “Do your duty,” whereupon the militia were to shoot down the men, the Indians were to slaughter the women and ohildren, 0 oaly those tender age, an ‘some of the wagoners was to butcher the sick and wounded. Mounted troopers were to be in readiness to pursue and slay those who attempted to escape, so that, with the exception of infants, no living should be left to tell the tale of the massacte. ‘This diabolical program was fully carried out to the letter. All the men, women and children over seven years of age were butchered and but seventeen lives were spared. These were of children varying in age from two months to seven years. All the stock and property were cqrriod off and the bodies of the dead were Fi rol every ornament or money found on them. ‘THE BODIES BURIED. But the lamest attempt was made to bury the victims. A little earth was scattered over the bodies, but the first rain washed that away and the remains became a prey to the wolves and coyotes. Many of the bodies were frightfully mutilated and when, two years afterward, a tachment of United States troops was sent to decently inter them skulls and bones were found scattered for the space of a mile around the ravine, whence they liad been dragged by wild beasts. Neatly all the bodies had been gnawed by wolves so that few cou! Tecog- nized letons and their dismembered ske! were bleached by lon, shoes. Many of the skulls were crushed in with the butt-ends of muskets or cleft with tomabawks; others were shattered by firearms discharged close to the head. A few remnants of apparel, torn from the backs of women and children, still fluttered among the bushes and near by were masecs of human hair, matted and trodden in the mold. ‘These bones were carofally gathered together and buried, and over them was built a cone- shaped cairn some twelve feet in height, and leaning against its noi was placed a Tough slab of granite with the following, in- scription: “Here 120 men, women and n wore massacred in cold blood early in Septem- ber, 1857. They were from Arkansas.” The cairn was surmounted by a cross of cedar on which were inscribed the words: “Vengeance is mine: I will repay, saith the Lord.” JUSTICE ASKED FOR THE CHILDREX. ‘The seventoon children who were saved were placed in charge of Mormon families at Cedar, Harmony and elsewhero and were all rescued after about a year's captivity. Capt. James Lynch, who was in the Mexican war, afterward serving under Albert Sidney Johnson, who wax one of the party of fifty-four who rescued these children, is now in the city. In speaking ‘of the oecurrence toa Stak reporter he said that in over the ground where the massacre took place when the were buried more than a bushel of human hair was picked up and that the sightof bleaching bones was ghastly in the extreme. It is these children, now grown to maturity, married and with families of their own, that it is proposed to relieve, ‘The value of the prop. erty taken from their parents at the time of the massacre was between $60,000 and $70,000 and it is now believed by those, interested’ in the ,project that even at this ee demands that some reparation be y the government that failed to protect the emii- grants in their travel through a territory sup- posed to be peaceful. ox SS ONYX IN MISSOURI. Every Good Thing Will Be Found in Time in America. From the Jeweler's Catalorue. When water containing lime 1 solution drips intomeave upon the ores of metals it forms with them chemical combination and pro- duces the exquisite translucent mbstance we call Mexican onyx. If the metallic oxide or ore is yold then rich purple veins and splotches ap- pear through the oynx; if silver, then the color- ing is yellow; if copper, green; if iron, red. Zine and arsenic produce white. Ages ago King Solomon mincd this rare onyx in Africa. "The deposits there became exhausted. It was found in modern times at Oberstein, in Germany. The depoeits there failed, too, however. en the most beautiful decorative material known to man cropped out in America, but in Mexico, as if scorning a Yankee republte. For some years Mexico has the world, the splendid shining é hitherto to any great ex- the substance is so it it than that of deft In- lit it and ruin it. ver, # fitter of interest bas annom Anh Mis- couuty, Ozerk narries of onyx have in seventy miles of St. Great news. Of course we do it Mexican onyx to be- come 80 that it will be and ‘manner of base Enzormous Salaries That Seem to Be Paid for Effort. Chauncey Depew has always been very reti- cent as to his sulary as president of the New York Central, but others who appear to be familiar with his income say ‘that he Certainly take some of the salaries of other New H. B. Hyde, ident of the Equita- , Feceives $50,000; 000, and John A. McCall, the controller, $25,- 000. R. A. McCurdy, president of the Mutual Insurance Company, ‘receives $50,000, and R. A. Grannis, the vice president, receiver $30,000. W. H. Beers, president of the New York Life Insurance Company, receiver $60,000, and Dr. Henry Tuck, the vice president, $30,000. John RB. Hedgeman, the vice president of ‘the Metro- iitan Insurance Company, receives £35,000. . O. Heald, president of the Home Fire Ineur- ance Company, gets $35,000, and John W. Mur- tay, the vice president of the German-Ameri- ean Company, 235,000. ‘Then look at some of the salaries paid to the chief officers of banks and trust companies. Frederic P. Olcott, president of the Central ‘Trust Company, receives £60,000; Richard King, ident of the Union Trust. receives £50,000; ien. Louis Fitzgerald, president of the Mercan- tile Trust Company, receiver $30,000: John A. Stewart, president of the United States Trust Company, toddies along with €(0,000, and Col. w. olm, president of the American Burety Company, ‘receives £20,000. President Williams of the’ Chemical Bank and President Perkins of the Imy and Traders, each re- ceive $20,000, nnd tho average ealary of other bank presidents in New York is from 810,000 to e15, ‘There ix a long string of such sala- ties, and the general opinion is that the men earn their money. ‘The interests of these vast companies are all under the minute observation of the com- manding officer. ‘These intereste extend over all the globe and require the test judg- meni and the most #liful Knowledge of aduirs. Mang of these officers, by their keen knowl edge of affairs of state and nations, save theit companies annnally ten times the ‘salary receive. They are provided against almost every system of blackmail by renson of their vast experience in the eonduct of their com- panies and earn their salaries many times over. in the dry goods district the big man of jaflin Comipany, Tefft, Weller & Co. and firms of that caliber receive on an U the other ‘of | S¥erage @5,000 to $10,000 a year. There are several exceptions where buyers and others run their incomes up from #10,000 to $20,000 a ear. This is in the dry goods jobbing branch, jase in the dry goods cominission branch the average salary of an employe is from 2,500 to 25,000 a year. ‘There are exceptional people who receive $7,500. All of these people earn theiz money, too. The vast experience Rovomsary to, buy, goods successfully and to keep in fouch wit ‘vast competition of the resent day is certainly worth a liberal income. jen the selling of goods requires an extended acquaintance, muc ! outlay and the temperament ofa ‘ipl mat & ‘ing over these few ts and figures of the President of the United States comes in for consideration. ‘The President re- ceives $50,000 a year, and from the day he entets the White House until the hour he leaves it very few men can tell how hard he earns his money. There can be no adequate Fale of compensation applied to his case. vast army of office holders and office seckers who besiege him ought to make the place worth $500,000 a year at the least. But possibly the compensation for the place is eked out by its great honor and the hurrahs and cheers which greet the President, no matter how un- Popular the may be, wherever he goes. The talbtes of the great cruisers, the bande playing to the Chief,” the grewt personal honors shown the holder of the office, no doubt are in- tended to make up the compensation, which cannot be repzesented by his salary of 250,000 Syeat. ‘The cabinet offcers receive $8,000 a year. Senators and Congressmen receive each @5,000 a year. Gov. Hill receives $10,000. year and the senators and assembly- men recelva. $1,500 @ year. Ono has only to look at the difference in the figures received by men in public life and those paid to men who reach the pinnacle in business life in New York to observe the great difference and to wonder atit. The wonder is that men of the personal abilities at the head of the natiofal and state governments should consent to secept the sala- fies paid to them. But then comes the ui vernal statement that the honors of the ‘08 held by them, in a measure, must make up for this vast difference in the pecuniary compensa —————_+e+_____ THE OWL GOT DRUNK. But Speedily Decided That Once Was Enough for Him, From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Tho ten-year-old little son of Luke Tilson, of Lebanon, Tenn., has a quecr pet in the shape of a largo screech owl, which has taken up its residence in a tree close to the little fellow's window. Billy is devoted to the child, following him about like a dog, and at night will sit on the railing of his bed till Eddie falls asleep, when he will fy off to his own business. Whenever the owl finds him- self in need of a nap during the day he crawls under Eddio’s coat, and tucking his hend into his breast takes his doze. Lilly's manners being very good, he is permitted to sit on his little friend's chair while at table and wears a napkin pinned about his neck, sharing every dish, though his favorite viand ish stew, from which, however, he care- fally Temoves the slices st onion and drops them in a saucer placed for that purpose. Bome weeks ago Eddie was threatened with pneumonia, and the doctor ordered him kept well stimulated with whisky toddy. , seeing him drink this from a glass, insisted on having some too, but Mra. Tilson interfered and de- clared he should not have it. So Billy retired to his tree in a fit of the sulks and Eddie falling p the lady went about her household affairs. In a short time, however, she heard a sores of scroeciies, followed by a kind of hoarse chuckling, an excited fluttering of wings and her son's voice calling her. She ran in alarm to his room, where she found the ow! pirouett- ing about ‘on the floor, flapping his wings ant screeching voclferously. ‘Catching wight of her he few at her with distended claws and rove her from the roam; then continued his dance. He flually becume very angry and at- tacked the different pieces of furniture as if he fancied them to be personal enemies, and then, forgetting what he waa about, would resume his dance till ous pas seul at last became an idiotic reeling | about the room, when, chucl and clucking like an old hen, and ‘with his tucked to one side and leering with one eyeat the ceiling, he spent the next halt very merrily, till, out, he fell over undignified lawn to sleep it out, and where ry tacle of himself for some houra, on his back, with his legs in the sir and feathers ling out like quills. The glass which hed contained the whisky toddy was found drained and Billy’ ‘seizure was thus will be a stingy, contem creature if she | From the Globe Silver Belt. ines os mask on 6 ‘two-con| left in her re, system | og at how gal the room . it roa, ost ips. ont B Sewn Geo sie of profitable for the reason (of: anaphorneten : gem Cog oF pon] toilers, They chop wood, carry water, ‘Foeea the Pittsburg Bulletin. Rough the print of the Bible is hey, bord stock, bud wieklupe, cock sau ta | MF. tenn et nay’ her [peek Se sot over A fact, do all the labor calculated to contribute to ‘Woman’ pan who his eyesight es secondly ak comand sr boueiaad ‘= good meeting?” nd Yous man can alvays win sympathy from | A vack's weal in park by the Mee, wet by tlie Seis seree gow aah salou by the wet =% ser fay when sme oe aka te present about ‘There are s0 13 ‘men in world | to Beat ied, mi at $s at vadvfso to thats ‘hose ate’ Hang it all, I'll sto; the | for th The | been 4 HOLIDAY ROMANCE. in Spite of Himeelf. From the New York Tines. A pretty story of Christmas peace and good will is left over from last year, but, like the holly and mistletoe, will it any 95th of Decem- ber. A pair of engaged lovers, New Yorkers they were and are, danced out a Christmas eve a year agoat private house uptown. Fora month or so previously a “trifle, light as air,” had floated between the two hearts, with the effect to make them beat with dual distinctness rather than with the welded throb proverbially supposed to diagnose “love's sweet distemper.” Jealousy was the cause, as it usually is, and a handsome artist cousin of the young woman was the raison d'etre of the green-eyed mon- ster. Until this evening, however, their grow- ing cétrangement bad ‘been glowed over and their frequent periods of reerimination had de~ veloped nothing more serious than gloomy partings. At the cotillion these strained relations were suddenly severed completely. There wasa scene fp the conservatory, some Bitter words on Both | sides, an engagement ring left the taperi it hed. encircled for, evveral finger whicl | months, and finally in the early Christmas the big house, blazing with lights, and walked off down the avenue. The women left behind was, as women are, more conventional, and though sho too was pale when eho came from the shelter of the palms end fountains, no one noticed it under her vivacious manner, and it was an hour later that, in her chaperone’s caf- Hinge, she decorously rolled homeward. ‘The tardy winter's sun was rising before the man found temporary forgetfulness in slumber, and it was long after noon when be again took up the burden of consciousness. He was begin- lng his breakfast, gloomy and disteait, bat stil with some appetite, for men must eat though love be unkind, when a sudden recollection made him jump to his ieet with an exclamation of horror.” He glanced at a clock—it lacked @ quarter of two. “Too late!” he muttered, al- most with a groan, and sank back tn his chair. With his hands in his pockets he stared straight ahead, while his coffee cooled and his eho slowly congealed. But he was now fairly beyond eating. He was, in truth, in a bad ix. He had spent most of the previous after- noon in preparing a series of surprises for then Indy love to encounter on Christmas day. A system of more or less elaborate ma- chinery bad been set in motion, by hisn which, plentifully oiled with Uncle Sam's currency, had without doubt only too faithfully worked’ out its purpose. senger was to deliver at the house of his fiance of yesterday s telegram of Christmas greet- ing’. written in the cipher which in fond fool- ishuess the pair employed. At the same hour a tlorist promised to deliver a box of Parma violets, fresh and dewy. At 10:30 an- other flower merchant staked “his commercial honor upon the delivery of a bunch of orehids, rare and delicate. From a third green house, an hour later, should gone a cluster roses, Catharine Mermets So the floral timing was to go on until mid afternooa, whe would exd in amass of long-stemmed American Beauties, royal and fragr To each parcel of blossoms his card was sttached and upon each card was written a single word whose ten- der meaning was cousiderably veiled in hiero- hiss. ‘After greeting her all day by such delicate proxy, it had been his intention to present him- self in the early twilight with a gift which bad cost him an hour at the jewelcr’s and a three- red check on his banker to procure. This at least he could control, for it lay within reach of his hand, but the rotation of the tlowers,alaa! was beyond him. Undoubtedly his carefully planned scheme was more than well under wa, —it must be nearly finished in every detail, an the worst of it all was that the girl would’ not appreciate that all this homage and worship were a day old. That was what hurt his pride clock hand slowly swe the half circle, pausing an instant at 2: ur. “Let me see,” he reflected grimly, “chrys- anthemums were to be served at 2:36,’ I think. ‘one dose—it isn't too late ie American Beauties,” and he arose went forth. Meanwhile, at the house up in the fifties, as the hours sped on, told off by florists’ boys, the face of the lovely young woman who lived there underwent a curious change. leand a little drawn in the morning and the eyes were tired as if restful sleep had not sealed them during the night, but as the day waxed and w: these conditions were wonderfully altered. A pink glow suff cheeks, the lines changed inte mischie' dimples, and the eyes sparkled with merriment, which occasionally gave place to a tender light. Half-past three came, and so did the Ameri- can Beauties, for the man, alas! was unable to stop them. ‘The boy had left with other orders long before he could hunt up the florist who was to send them. At 4:30, however, the flower chime did not strike. Five, 6 and 7 o'clock b plain time passed. No lover presented himself. ‘Then the maiden hurt her pride a little. She took u flowez from every group, # violet, a rose of every kind, a chrysanthemum and an orehid, and tying them all together, put them in a box, which she sent to his rooms. ‘There was no written word with them, but the message was read aright by the unhappy fellow who was ding by his solitary firesi From a bachelor apartment in the twenties to a private residence in the fifties isn't very far, to be sure, but it is doubtful if the two places were ever quite so near before. It didn't take him min- tes enough to mention to_ accomplish the dis- tance, and—well, a certain Easter wedding came off, as Santa Claus meant it should. os IMPORTING MORE SONG BIRDS. Oregon is Setting an Example Which Older States May Follow. From the Portland Oreconian. The success which lias attended the introdue- tion of the German song birds will be the means of bringing many more birds here, and Oregon will be an example for older states in this matter. The wonderful increase of the Chinese pheasants brought here by Judge O. N. Denny, combined with the importation of tong birds, has done more to call attention to Oregon than anything else in which the same smotnt of money has been expended. The s0- ciety for importing song birds is preparing to have a lot more brought here. Seid Back, the well-known Ohinese merchant, who has been about twenty-one years hare and has prospered beyond his expectations, think- ing he owes some debt of gratitude to this state, has ordered alot of song birds brought over from China on the Coloma, of which vessel he isa part owner. He told’ the steward to buy and bring over a lot last spring. but the fellow wus afraid to chance it, fearing the birds would die. “What difference would that make to you?” said Seid Back, when told why his birds did not come. “I told you to bring them. I pay for tem, you take good care of them on the pas- e and if they die it cannot be helped.” “Go the steward has instructions to buy and bring over ail the chin-chin birds, or Tiensti larks, and any other song birds he can find in Hong Kong, and if he has good luck and gets then here ulive we shall have the descendants of the birds whose sweet songs delighted the ears of Confucius meeting here the descend- |ants of the bird which sang ina most heilige manner to the Germans who destroyed Varua and his legions long before America was in- vented oreven thought of. As the Chinese birds do not sing in Chinese they will probably have no more sticks and stones thrown at them than the German birds. i fine’ song birds we read o! names us natives of the Britieh Isles. : How Horse Tastes. From the Nineteenth Century. Physically it may be distinguished from beef or mutton by its appearance. It is coarser in the grain than beef. In this respect it resem- bles bull beef more than any other. It is darker in color and looks more moist than beef. ‘and a peculiar sweet- smell Its flavor is generally considered ‘be hulf way between the flavors of morning @ white-faced man flung himself out of | and made him set his teeth as he watched the | Tt had | | | ‘0 begin with, at precisely 9:90 a.m. a mes- | f, | “forthe most entertainin, | it | the first time and lefta face that looked ten | From the New York Herald. She was about forty years old: perhaps not so straight for a scat beside a nice, white-baired | f old lady, although there were six or seven | by, i Prreeieent. ‘empty seats in the car. | : ao old lady had a litle girl traveling with _ TRAIN OF CATON her and the train hadn't left the stanon before she “ot the smile had fed the child with candy | oterate, 1902 Ost now. mie Succeeaful teacher, bet Teferenons . trina, | PIANO Lessons BY ax Ise ee oe be Seas & 1? Five years? How cwange had lost a little girl of Just that age: her oniy child. Children led to ome. Jdn't the nice old lady love home: And where was her home? Oh, Sudbary, Mass? Oh, indeed: a most beautiful place she had heard. Yes, indeed, abe did love home, bat her own earn | Mothcatetae ISS AMY © LEAVITT OF ORTON MS ree re | bts WNT TP Mamma taetts awe. home had been broken up by the’ death of her child, and now she and her busbaud were TS traveling around, trying to do good to, the ha- not man race.” Didn't the eld lady ike to do good? Oh, yes, if one had the means; very trie And the old lady had some means with which the could? Ad- wuPRCe, = in te worth aie eyiaeen Sich vetoed ‘senate Tair, inset tn thee the floodgates of talk were wide b ay now, and the stream was flowing smoothly ¢ of the smile didn't care for money for her- self. Her husband didn't care for it for him- self, AN they cared for was to do good with theit money. Tt was so charming to meet some one who held the same view. Now one of the cherished plans for the benefit. of the human race was the establishment of an ladies’ home. Was that a beneficent Yes, indeed. So glad to find the old Indy mane, Syoeupee anne approved “of it. “We “bad got “together chemical aud Archeereurel Das mt enough money to begin work Providence (walling her eyes) had opencd gy & rar by which the rest could be secured. | Sununu: is way was thus: Years ago ber husband HENRY C. SPENCER, LIB. Pring hhed come into the Possession af a gol, mine, | 420 _ Mis RAlia'k. RPPRURH. Wiss Rr Shares in this mine he was now disposing of at $100 each. They would be worth £1,000 each Within'e, year. Then the happy pomsessors could do just so mueh more good for the haman race. VIL SERVICE INGTOEOTE AWD Une ho ot ae Pape ONL service, departmental end 22 ORWOOD INSTITUTE, WASHINGTON, 2 . A ©. The train had passed Mott Haven now, and Select Boarding and diay Schinw! Yor Towne Satie she of the smile was exhibiting com © | Pour comm Sulvtow Citee alate with nervousness and haste. By the way, she had an ht went for health and © Froante. hers Cure: cf stnay thorows Of ich erade Pupiie teorived at W ‘and complete, with, siey Coileoe without eoagena- oats of Norwood Inahirae Trt. iowa, Merete eam one of the shares with her. Perhaps’ the nice old lady would like one to help along the fund Vith this she made a reach into jor the home. With her valine. The train was just coming toastop in the Grand Central station. The nice old lady got up and took her baggage and her grand rh in hand and leaned over the still smiliu factor of the human race. “have to thank you, madame,” shes afternoon I ha: am not quite s0 addrons, AND MKS WMD. CARRE 1407 Massa hunts fm, Office hours 10 to 1 o'clock dally exces? St AP BPO. WockEY, 3 spent in some time. But teen as I look.” ‘The hand-made smile disappeared then for years older aud somehow hard and cruel. And ~ that was the Inst the passengers who watched "Ins 2) this little drama with intense interest saw of scholarship #2). Tyr the nice old lady or she of the simile. 299 What Caused the Coolness. ‘There is at present a coolness existing be- tween two lovely socicty Indies of New York and & prominent young man also of New York, but holding an important position at the Capitol. The ladies were in Washington a short time since and received cards for one of the very eaviest of Washington receptions, In an ilf- ted moment the young man from New York was invited to escort them. The reception wax a gorgeous affair and the escort performed his duty admirably, pointing out celebrity after celebrity. On leaving the door a young man with an unmistakable Englich accent called out the carriages, and from him name of the owner of the required vehicle was passed on throngh several flunkles ; until the conchman was reached. As | given Vor sin-diatsanl imormation apps’ ef Rake the in which we are interested DEMS & STAL MANS. 4 Fost. mw. Coe emerged the carriages were rolling up in fine O'R style and high-sounding names were piercing Seat Ww the air ip all directions. Flunkey namber one *ptive ¥olr har yt te had just shouted ~The Itolian minister's car- riage’ and the name had gone reverberating down the line until it ended ina gruff “The Oitallian minister's carri: ” Flunkey num- ber one then turned inquiringly to the party Now our friend had a number in his pocket and should have said No. 162, but he didn't. He said quietly: “The Irish minister's carriage,” and down it went with various eadences- The H Hirish minister's carria rich minis- « honoraphy tn, sixteen cary teserme, Fre ter’s carriage,’ and finn’ ld whoop iain positions, I ypewrting tathett Bree 8 riage, h of exultation and pride, Oirish minister's | F on Hai School Acme Phomeraphy. 921 Fat. a.m carringe. eam Mtoe, The crowd laughed and the ladies binsbed | 7 5 ATORV OF Hsien and were mortified. On the home the | 13 PENNSYLVARIA AYE coldness in that carriage could have been cut | HONIN nant, with on Wo pack. at +00 ‘The Goat, the Can and the 51 From the Puiladeiphia Times. HY MISS MAY i, MAD, Sif oo. the egal Gomer Diplomas. Decrees Teachers’ Certifionter ‘The success of our gractstes hes surpasmed 100 MARTYN COLLEGE OF BLOCUTION, 1a Yeh at your LENDONS, MES. HARRIET MILLS | a safe and Ban) ancy Tus BERLITZ SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES, Beet and Most Practi-al lustraction. ia OUT OF WASHINGTON a ST, JOUY'S COLLPGE, ANNAPOLIS, MD, ST ekki Depctiments snd Pour coures of Smay. fost ecool tear srectht AL teN TiO: THEP KEPARATION OF CANDID co NAVAL ACALEM or Catalogues nlryges Eat EAD AND BE WI ap Be Oldest retat paar TUESh Tati fine A he — , E ANHOOD wv Usise A Perry freer E48 Scat