Evening Star Newspaper, December 20, 1890, Page 8

THE WARD JURORS. Twelve Men Who Will Pass on the Facts of the Case. LODGED IN THE CITY HALL Sarymen Who Are Locked Up at Night and ‘Walk Out Under the Eyes of Officers—Their Quarters in the Court House Building— Sketches of the Men. There sre twelve men whore Christmas Gees not promise to be a merry one. These ‘re the Ward jurors. They are provided with comfortable quarters in the grand jury room atthe City Hall and will not be allowed to seperate until their verdict is rendered. Two | marshal’s officers, sworn for the purpose. at- fend them. Morning and evening they will be taken out for a walk and they will go in a body for their meals to the National Hotel. On the fary are several well known citizens. Mr. Isaac H. MeCathran, the handsome white-mous- tached juror, who sits in the foreman'’s seat and looks | something like Henry M. | Stanley, is an old Washing- | tonian.’ He was born in this city in 1831 and has resided here ever since. He re- ceived his education in pri- Joseph Smith W. of Good Hope Hill was in Cumberl Ma., comes from one of the best families of that region, be- ing a brother of ex-Con- —. eee, a man he was on the HUMAN SKULL OF IRON. A Curiosity Recently Acquired by : + ete ad STORY OF PRIMEVAL MAN. How He Lived and Had His Being—Dwelling im Caves and Gobbled Up by Monstrous Beasts—When Reindeer and White Bears Lived in Europe—Mem 100,000 Years Old. a SPONGE OUT THE HEADACHE. Simple Remedy for the Painful Affliction— Other Ailments Also Cured. The ordinary nervous headache will be readily relieved and in many cases entirely cured, anya the Fall River Heraid, by removing the waist of one’s dress, knotting the hair high up on the head ont of the way, and while leaning over a basin, placing a sponge soaked in water as hot as it can be borne on the back of the neck. Repeat this many times, applying the sponge HUMAN SKULL of iron! Not one made ‘by artifice, remember, but so con- structed by nature. What could be more wonderful? pert showed the specimen toa writer for Tue STAR at the Smithsonian yester- behind the ears, and the strained muscles and day, though it bas not nerves that have cansed so much misery will been placed on exhibition. be felt to relax and smooth themselves out de- ‘The skull, which was once liciously, and very frequently the pain promptly ‘upon a time like any other skull, is embedded in 0 mass of iron ore. Nature originally inclosed it in that way by an accident, and gradually, in the course of centuries, particles of the metal took the places of particles of bone, until at length the skull was no longer bone, butiron. Its vanishes in consequence. Every woman knows the aching face and neck generally brought home from a hard day's shopping or froma long round of calle and afternoon teas. She regards with intense dis- satisfaction the heavy lines drawn around her eyes and mouth by the long strain on the facial minseles and when she must carry that word schools, and first en- te: iness as a clerk with J. H. Coombs, a J dry goods merchant, on sth Street southeast. Ai present he is a clerk in Bhuster’s dry goods store, whic! ition he has held for nearly forty years. Mr. MeCath- | ran hae had some experierice as a juror, havin eres teat ia Gena eee ae | Pesidies with his family on Capitol Hill. Harry H. Stanford is a sown and respected 3 ess man of Cap- i ill. being engaged with his brother in the shoe busi- countenance to some dinner party or evening’s ment it robs her of all the pleasure to Cosmetics are not the cure, Jes ror the many nerve sedatives to be P. - Use the sponge and hot water again, bathing the face in water as hot asit can possibly be borne; apply the sponge over and over again to the temples, throat and behind the years, where: most of the nerves and muscles of the structure in the iron is perfect in every detail, save that the top of the head ‘and the lower jaw are missing. When it is considered how many thousands of years must have been quired to produce such a curiosity some faint notion is conveyed of the antiquity of man. Nearby is a big piece of solid limestone rock, encasing, as if a portion of itself, the upper part of a human akeleton! In the surface of An anthropological ex- | sta head center, and then bathe the face in water running cold from the faucet. Color and smoothness of outline come back to the face, | an astonishing freshness and comfort is the re- sult, and, if a nap of ten minutes can follow. was born on Capitol Hill 2 about twenty-eight years 7 and resides there nowg streetsoutheast. He h a varied business exper having been connected first with his grandfather and j subsequently with McCauley, the grocer, and | then with his father, who was engaged asa | dealer in undertakers” supplies. About a year | and a half ago he joined his brother in opening @ boot and shoe establishment. Wm. A. Foy, one of the | Jurors, is like Messrs. Me- | Cathran and Stanford, a res ident of Capitol Hill,’ where he was born. His home is on 4th street, about a sqnaze from Mr. McCath: is about twenty-five years old and the son of Jas. Foy, | known for many years as a | restaurant keeper, and re- Pcently celebrated’ the first | anniversary of his wedding. | route agent on EVENING STaR and as is well known to hun- | dreds of people. to whom he presents bills | every month. He oceupies 2 seat on the b: tow of the jury bo: appears very attentive | to the testimony and arguments. | Peter Carrol is a looking man, who, ing to bis own statement in court, is sixty-five years oli He is a native of Counts Louth, Ireland, and came here in 1944. ' For many 2 Fears he was engaged as a coachman, having in that capacity served one of the former ministers from Spain and also President Fi ore. es on 20th street in thwest in a comfort- ¥. having by pru- dence provided well for his declining years. He has a large family of children and ebildren. Juror George W. Simmsis | a colored man. “Although | forty-six years old he looks | much younger. He was | born in this city, but spent his carly days in Montgom- ery county, Md. Since then he has been empl waiter at various houses and | lately he has been perform- | ing laboring work at the State Department. He si Nein the back row and liste: inteatly to all that ix sai 4 by judge, lawyers and wit- fe is @ maa of intelligence, shrewd- ness and good common sense, and has the repu- of fairness and straightfo.ward deal- col — about thirty-two years ago. He hasa pleasing ap- pearance and enjoys good Feputation. For itive years 7° formation of the jury there were six colared men in the box, but by challenges the number was finally reduced to two, Turner and Simms being the colored men Mr. George E. Johnson is e best known t the court house of uny of those empaneled, he hav- ing spent nearly twenty | years of his life within ite walls. Mr. Johnson i ahont forty years of age,andthou; in Alexandria has re-| ‘sided nearly all his life in | South Washington. Educated | im the publi when in his teens was ap- | Pointed toa position in the register of wi Otice, which? he held until about eighteen | months ago, when he resigned, and has since been engaged in title examining, accounting, 4c. He resides at the corner of 11th and E ith his wife, two sons and He is much respected by his ir. Joseph C. Witmer, the son of Calvin Witmer, the nown grocer of 1913 Pennsylvania avenue north- and received his education at Columbia Universi Later he attended a business school at Poug! N. pS graduated. Mr. Witmer is a clerk in his father's store, and is one of the best known young business Western part of the city. Jaror John M. Ruppert is not yet twenty-three years men in the years ay leaving school he was employed as a clerk in Brock’s hoe store, where he remained for about four years. but he became ‘tired of indoor life and now he is driving a beer every trace of fatigue will vanish. ‘The same remedy is invaluable for sunburn, and the worst case of this latter affliction of sensitive skins will succumb to the hot water | treatment. ‘The cold douche should not follow ht application of vase eeling of in this case; instead, a line or cold cream, wl prevents the skin ax the hot water prevented tion. Nothing so good for tired eyes has yet been discovered as bathing them in hot water, inflamma- the stone, embedded, is virible the backbone of man—perhaps a woman—so thut one can see the distinct vertebra, while on either side of the spinal column are revealed the ribs. What 8 must have passed before the processes by which this osseous relic of a bygone epoch was thus inclosed had time to accomplish such a work! THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN. Man's knowledge of human history does not extend farther back than 7,000 years. Science has proved that the genus homo has existed on the earth for thousands of centuries previous to the beginning of history. But aa to how | from his horse. | burg and there was | ter's me | an even exchange for his dereliction a few days and neuralgia nine cases out of ton will yield to applications of cloths wrung out in hot water in which the hand cannot be borne. a ARMY HORSES. A Big Binck Stailion That Used to Do His Share of the Fighting. Interview with Congressman Allen. Speaking of horses, there are. horses and “hoses,” but the greatest horse I ever knew was the black stallion ridden by Sergt. Mnebler of the third Penusylvania cavalry in | Sheridan's valiey campaign. I never could find out how this horse got into the army. He was a magnificent specimen of horseflesh and pretty nearly thoroughbred. One day, along in the late full of 1864, the enemy was met near Front Royal, Va., and then there were charg- ing and counter-charging. The black stallion. rimeval man lived and had his beimg very Hittle has been ascertained. The interest at- taching to what is known of this subject, how- ever, is most intense. The remains of primeval man are found today seattered all over the world, but it is in Burope that greatest attention has been given to digging them up and studying them. Certain caverns in different portions of that continent have been found to be perfect mines of such depor- its, in which the bones and primitive tools of human beings are discovered, mixed up with fragments of the skeletons of beasts long ex- tinct, such as the cave bear, the woolly 1 noceros, the giant beaver and the elephas an- tiquns, which was the ancestor of the mammoth and the elephant tribe. ‘These animals are now fossil and their existence dates back to the night of time. One gets some notion of th antiquity of man from the mere fact that he is thus proved to have been. contemporaneously associated with the creatures mentioned. These : beasts belong to what the geologists call th | with a courage that was magnificent, would | Peumeren ns conts when Bee ofan valleys or carry his rider far into the enemy's lines, | Europe were being formed by floods coursing ‘ i through them and the climate was warm and moist. THE GLACIAL EPOCH. Afterward came the glacial epoch, the cli- mate grew cold, and man sought the caves for protection. The extended period during which he made use of the caverns for his habitation is shown by the great depth of the deposits whic he left behind him, of his food refuse and of his manufactured implements. In some cases the flooring of ashes from household fires in such a cave is found to be as much as twenty feet in thickness, representing the accumulation of century upon century. The finding of human remains in thecaverns, together with those of such at and fierce beasts as the cave bear and the saber-toothed tiger, suggests #question as to whether these animals devoured the men or contrayiwise. It would seem altogether likely that the beasts disputed possession of the caves with the men, perhaps making occasional raids upon these places of refuge aud devouring the ocen- nts. In the National Museum there isa skelu- fon of acave bear fromacavernin France, wherein were found the remains of thirty-four of — arpa animals. The Cad bear was about half as big again asa grizzly and very much stronger. It is difficult to see how the tiraeval hunter, with the primitive weapons e had at his command, could have successfully contended with such creatures. The lions and tigers of those days were very much bigger than those of the present and the great clepbant spoken of was larger than either the mammoth or the mastodon. PRIMITIVE TOOLS. The man of this epoch made all his tools out of stone and bone and horn. At the beginning these imtplements were so primitive that they exhibit no evidences of human manufacture beyona the chipping away of the flint or other hard rock soa to make a cutting edge. What the uses of such tools were can only be sur- Doubtless they were employed to grub up roots, kill animals and enemies, cut up food, make holes in winter through the ice, cut down trees and scoop them into canoes. Even in this early time art had its beginning in rude attempts at decorating the tools, many of which bear excellent representationa of the mammoth and other animals, including fishes. ‘The reindeer, upon which the early man of the caves depended chieily for food, seems to have been the favorite design. With’ the improve- ment which gradually took place in the make and style of the implements came correspond- ing development of skill in ornamentation. ‘At leng: artof chi saws of e, and finally, after | ‘onsiderable practice, he got him so he wonld | urste another cavalryman, and, catching him | ¥ his blouse at the back of the neck, pull him | Along in the winter of 1864 Sheridan sent Custer after I horse race up the v ermaw. oon caught up with Kosser, and then y hod it hammer and tongs. ‘The black stal- lion, as usual, outran everything in the chase, and singling ont a victim, went for him with savage fury. ‘Then, swinging the reb clear out of his seddle, earried him in his teeth several nd eld him until his rider got hold of bi prisoner by the scruff of his neck and sent him to the On another occasion he got so in terested and excited in a fight up the valley that he carried his rider into the enemy’s lin where both were captured. A few days later, ina fight near Mount Jackson, much to our amazement the black stallion was seen running ay with a rebel captain on his back, and be- for+ his rider could control him he was safely within our lines with his rider, and thus made previous. Tit for Tat. From the Detroit Free Pres. The cashier of a Woodward avenue store had business at one of the banks the other day, but before he could transact it the’teller gruffly it formed him that he must be identified. “I've been with Blank & Blank for five years,” he re- plied. “Makes no difference.” “There's my “Have to bring some one who knows -” Itwas done. Three days later the cashier entered the store to make some purchase and having made it found himself 11 cents short., He went back to give the cashier his address. ‘An address doesn't amount to anything,” replied the other But I am the cashier of the —— bank. “You'll have to prove it.” “What do you want?” “Want you Wo be identified.” He ‘couldn't find anybody about who knew him and had to leave the bundle to be sent uy .D. = steiner Just So in Washington. From the New York Herald. ‘Well, I think all the women should try to get home from shopping before 5:30 o'clock,” said a daily down-town office man. “A fellow's been running around all day and is tired out and comes home and the cars are crowded with . 0 far had man wed in the ping flint that he made knives and i that “‘tmaterial, the tools excelling in pro z beauty of form and fineness of finish. Points women who have been ont shopping. .__| were also made of bone. for piercing skins or “But they may not have been out shopping; | for sawing garments. Then followed an epoch they may be business women,” said a defender | during which aun no longer confined himself of her sex. “Oh, no, they aren't. You can tell a business woman. She's as tired looking as any of us fellows and don't look so chipper as the ones carrying dainty packages or elegant purses who look at « feller authoritatively, as much as to to stone as a nuterial, but used bone, horn and ivory. He stili employed tlakes of flint for knives and saws, and with flint gravers,seraped to the finest point, he would carve most admir- able designs for bone or ivory dagger handles and other things. edles, harpoons, fish say, “Get up, you brute, and give me a seat.’” | hooks and many ornaments he from the Sear. in eararaaaree improved materials. ‘This was the time Faith. during which paleolithic ‘art attained its If I could feel my hand, dear Lord, in Thine, highest perfection. The designs —_exe- And snrely know ‘That I was walking in the light divine ‘Through weai or woe; cated ver} things, such as men and animals at rest and action. Hunting scenes were depicted which men were shown in pursuit of gam commonly | represented living in in accents swees If I could hear Thy voice But jainly 4a, in conflict with beasts. Onc engraving shows To guide my groping, wanering feet, reindeer browsing, with a landscape i admir- “This is the way"— able names Ae a repeeeeas ine ae " ox and many ani Is 8, Which, eo it Tweutdee giatiy wall thorn; but now and the reindger— the latter’ then as pientifal ve me, Lord, the faith to humbly bow in Europe as the sheep is at present—are now eo ‘And trast in Thee found only im cold countries, being regarded asaretic creatures. A paleolithic poniard made of reindeer horn, with » handle carved into tho form of a reindeer, would not be unworthy of modern art. And yet theve things were man- ufuctured, perhaps, one hundred thousand ‘There is no faith in seeing. Were we led id Like children here, And lifted over rock and river bed, ‘No care, no fear, ee ee tarong, years ago,or may be much pa, though sn mente a8 to this it is impossible to tell with any ac- bo a he Lord, make us brave and earnest. in faith strong | Shracy. PALEOLITHIO ARTISTS. The excellent artistic work shown in these engravings and carvings is surprising enough; but the most wonderful to consider is the manner in which this art and the civiliza- vanished at the close of —Sanan K. Botrox. ——_-—+ee-- Gave Cause for Suspicion. From the Boston Courier. Sagacious Employer—“‘I fear, Mr. Toogood, I shall have to dispense with your services.” New Clerk—““Why, sir, I know I have only been here a week, but have I not during tris time been thoroughly faithful to your in-| What Employer—“Ob, you have been faithfal bie énough, bat ver — aw yor & postage 08 stamp out of the drawer yesterday.” the ‘New Clerk—“Yes, sir, but I —s cents in its iectavek "Thais just wish Lente wales better go.” stand. I gues you'd e Ha THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C. SATURDAY, imocpee ten boost As for alterations in and Fitman occupancy of ones fale, mmoall necessarily BRITAIN'S EARLY HISTORY. Isis pretty well known what must have been the condition of Great Britain during the neolithic age. The was probably large, divided into tribal communities, living principally on the flocks and herds, acquainted with agriculture and subsisting in a lesser de- gree by hunting and fishing. The arts of spin- ning, weaving, mining and pottery making were known and that of boat building had advanced sufficiently to make voyages possible between Britain and France. Traffic was carried on by barter, stone axes being » commercial com- modity. Tombs also were built, some of im- ing -, for the habitation of the dead the © world. The neolithic civilization underwent little change in Ct ———— es. It is = ing point of the t in= habitants of Europe. ‘The’ arts which, those neolithic peoples introduced have never been forgotten. eir cereals are still cultivated by the farmer, their domestic animals are still helps to man, and the industries they intro- duced—spinning, weaving, pottery making and mining—have simply been developed for mod- ern use. eee Is Ammonia Poisonous? Providence Journal and Bulletin, Nov. 20, 1890. It is not necessary to know the chemistry of ammonia or to know how it is made from old hoofs and horns and rank gas liquor to realize that this drug should be handled carefully and be kept ont of the reach of children. Serious accidents from ammonia are by nd means un- common. Quite a number have come under our notice within a short time, a few of which are given below with the same startling head lines used in the apers. Many details, of course, are omitted, but enough sre given’ 10 point » moral. New York World. Ammonia Killed Him. Herman Harrowitz, a Russian painter, suf- fering from cramps, entered a drug store to obtain a remedy. As he felt faint the druggist handed him an ammonia bottle to inhale. Har- rowitz, through ignorance, drank the ammonia gpd at once fell to. the floor in great agony; He clutched his throat and stomach and blood gushed from his mouth. His throat, mouth and lips became fearfully swollen and inflamed and, although an antidote was administered, he died in great agony. Philadelphia Inquirer. Killed by Drinking Ammonia. William Hoffman, who gulped down a bottle of ammonia, believing it to be whisky, died at the Pennsylvania Hospital, whither he had been removed. His suffering in his last hours was fearful. ia Press. Vermin and the Fumes of Ammonia. Isaac Mattson, who lives at 2939-41 Gray's Ferry road, has begun suit against the Am- monia Company, which carries on the manu- facture of ammonia near by. He claims €10,- 000 damages for injury to his business and the health of himself and “family. He complains that vermin come upon his premises from a lot of old hoofs and horns stored in the defend- ant’s factory, and also that fames and vapors fill his house, rendering it unhealthy and untit tor habitation. Diluted ammonia is useful in the household for the coarser forms of scouring and cleaning, but housekeepers should see that the ammonia bottle is kept out of the reach of all who are ignorant of its dangerous properties. ee ‘The Memorable Meeting of Speaker and Ex- All the civilized world knows how Stanley found Livingstone, but there has been no wide- plorer found Thomas Brackett Reed. The first meeting of these two men took place immedi- Stanley held in the House press gall company with Maj. Pond he was escorted to Maine was waiting for thestroke of noon. Tho ceremony of introduction was not elaborate. As had received about ten seconds’ warning) arose in his most dignified manncr. : Both bowed as they clasped hands, Mr. Reed’s obeisance much more sweeping and willowy “Will you do me the honor to be seated?” queried the Speaker, adding to his request the found salam. Stanley sat down slowly in the chair which had been indicated and immediately fixed his gaze on a grease spot on the wall before him “that circumstances made it impossible for me to attend your lecture last night. To be absent ‘ausure you it was unavoidable.” Stanley's gaze was as fixed as ever on that indication that he heard the remarks which were being addressed to him. The silence was once more: Tam sure I should have enjoyed your re- experiences would have been fatal to most men.” and Stanley's eves never wavered from the stain on the wall. several seconds Reed one, and then, with a “‘see-me-meke-him- talk” expression in his own optics, he broke stand; the best people of the city listened to your entrancing narrative.” his bronzed visage toward him whom impulsive democrats call “the moon-faced despot,” and was a very brilliant house. It ‘could hardly have been inore 40.” laugh as he raid: “That is undonh my presence would have adde: There wos no answering face. He was watching that grease + ill you r of time?’ was Mr. Reed's next question. Reed thought another query was about’ due, snid most funereally: “I am going away on ‘The Speaker looked nervously at his watch and then asked: “Have you seen the House in plorer at the Capitol. spread information as to how the great ex- ately after the conclusion of the reception which the Speaker's room, where the gentleman from the little party entered the room Mr. Reed (who “Mr. Speaker, this is Mz. Henry M. Stan- than Mr. Stanley’ gracefully rendered’ courtesy of another pro- I regrot exceedingly,” said the Speake: was a decided disappointment for me, but I spot and not a muscle in his countenance gave becoming embarrassing when the Speaker tried cital of the scenes you have witnessed. Your ‘The second pause was longer than the first looked keenly at the impass: features of the forth: “You had a brilliant audience, I under- Slowly did the semi-barbarie chieftain turn with much deliberation did he repls it Then Mr. Reed laughed a_ self-sati: luster of such 2 distinguished asee Not even peaker could catch his ne: . Stanley shook his head slowly and then, when Monday morning.” session?” ‘The House will open in a few utes and you will then bay. opportuni witness the interesting confusion which ordina- rily provails. My private secretary will con- duct you to the gallery.” By this time Staniey had let go his vi grip on the grease spot. The two celebri once more shook hands. Private Secretary Allen opened the door, held it open awhile, and then shut it. Stanley had found Reed and lost him again in less than ten minutes. CELERY AND TYPHOID. This Vegetable Should Be Carefully Exam- ined and Washed Before Using. The use of such manure is, however, wholly free from danger, and vegetables that do not pass through the process of boiling in their preparation for the table should be - DECEMBER NATIONAL AND PATRIOTIC AIRS. An Extensive Collection Made by the Leader of the Marine Band. ‘THE RESULT OF YEARS OF CONSTANT AND AXNOT- ING LABOR BY JOHN PHILIP s0UsA—MANY CURIOUS FACTS BROUGHT OUT iN THE RE- SEARCH—SKETCE OF ME. SOUSA'S CAREER. NE OF THE MOST remarkable works ever published under the suthority of the government is the book just out by Mr. John Philip Sousa, conductor of the U.S. Ma- rine Band, which contains the national and pa- triotie songs of nearly every nation in the world. The preparation of this book occupied about two years of fairly close labor, although even before work was commenced in earnest Mr. Sousa had been gradually gathering ma- terial since 1876. It was then that the idea first suggested itself to him, when bands from for- eign countries came to Philadelphia at the centennial exposition. Mr. Sousa was then playing in Offenbach’s orchestra and on the 4th of July of that year one of the musical se- lections played during the imposing exercises which marked that occasion was an arrange- ment of the national airs of several nations made by Mr. Sousa at the request of Simon Hassler, who was the assistant leader of that orchestra and called the “Congress of Nations. ‘This is still a standard band piece and is cluded in the repertoire of the Murine Band. BROAN AT THE CENTENNIAL. From that time Mr. Sousa began to gather the national and patriotic songs of foreign countries more as a fad at first than with any idea of ever putting them to any practical use. When he came, in 1880, to Washington and took charge of ‘the Marine Band and saw how frequently forei i were received with official honor, he then real- ized what a delicate compliment it would be to these foreigners if, when they were being en- tertained by the President or Secretaries, they could listen to the strains of their own national airs played by the United States government bund. work in earnest, but he pros- Then he be; ecuted his task under the greatest difticulties and disadvantages until in October, 1839, he secured from Secretary Tracy an order to com- pile for the use of the Navy Department national and patriotic airs of all nations. With this order he was enabled to obtain the assist- ance of the State Department, which sent a circular letter to al ican consuls invok- ing their interest in the matter. time replies to correspondence came in rapidly and the work increased in volume and interest. The receipt and alphabetical arrangement of these national airs, however, formed buta small part of Mr. Sousa’s labor. Nearly every one hasa foot note giving its history and something about the people whose musical ideas it typifies and the gathering of this ma- terial occupied much time and research. Then, too, many of the airscame to him in merely keleton form and these he harmonized, taking care to preserve the original characteristics of the melody. In this way he has made thin; of beauty many airs which taken simply woul not fall ‘pleasantly upon the cultivated ear, no matter how attractive they might be to ‘the Ponca Indian, the Fiji Islander or the Samoan. MANY CURIOUS FACTS. Some curious facts are brought to light by an examination of this collection, which in- cludes about 250 airs. Turkey furnishes one which is full of minor chords of wild, discord- ant harmong, which is sup; to be charac- teristic of a people closed in from contact with mere Gullghtinan and oaltcred! people, and also another song with a stirring theme and broad, full harmony,which indicates that the composer had had the advantage of a musical education in Germany. ‘The aira of the Spanish Islands are dreamy and soft, as might be expected, while a ‘prise is found man Esquimo Indian air that is tender and sweet and would do credit to any nation. The beauty of this, however, is brought out in the harmony by Mr. Sousa. The air which we know as “America,” but which is the English “God Save the Queen,” belongs to no Jess than seven different nations, an music of “The Star Spangled Banner, Doodle” and * Ocean,” has been appropriated from airs sung in Europe long before the United States was a nation. After Mr. Sousa had commenced his work officially there were three nations that changed their national airs on account of change of government or ruler. Brazil overthrew its emperor an:l became a republic and the pres- ent national air was the result of a competitive contest made last June. Portugal adopted a new air when the young King Carlos was pro- claimed and Nicaragua selected a new one when she elected s new president. Some of the airs from out-of-the-way places were whistled or sung to Mr. Sousa and he noted them down and then harmonized them afterward. ‘The notes form an interesting and in_ man; cases a complete history of the airs and inc dentally farnish much information of the coun- tries and people which they represent. Aus- tria’s national hymn was written by Haydn, who was prompted to his task by hearing “God ing’ sungin England, while in New Zealand the national anther ‘was composed in an effort to secure a prize of ten guineas of- fered by a newspaper. Bohemia’s national air forms a prominent part of Balfe’s overture to “The Bohemian Girl,” and Nicaragua's state hymn was written bya member of the govern- ment band. One fact is developed, namely, that the smallest republi: in the world, that of San Marino, has the longest national song. It consists of twelve verses, each with a different time. WHAT MR. SOUSA SAYS. “I believe,” said Mr. Sousa to a Star re- porter, “that the publication of this book will be of decided benefit to our government from adiplomatic standpoint. When our veesels go into a foreign port now and the oiticers enter- tain the dignitaries of other countries our own bands on board the ships can greet the visitors with their own national airs and no attention could be more delicate than that nor go farther to- ward establishing a kindly fecling for the United States. I have sought information from every source I could hear of, and sometimes months would elapse before I would receive a reply to a letter. Fre- quently two or three letters were necessary in order to elicit an answer and sometimesnone- came atall. Italked with many of the mem bers of the Pan-American congress and received valuable suggestions and aid from them. No one, however, has an idea of the immense amount of labor that collection represents, and Inever could have accomplished it had [ not been encouraged and ai by the Navy and State departments.” SKETCH OF HIS CAREER. Mr. Sousa is a native of this city and was born under the very shadow of the Capitol in i His father was a member of the Marine Band and the boy was early started in his mu- ical education. The violin was the instra- ment that he most liked, although he played | an alto aud a tenor horn in the band when he young, in his teens. .But he worked hard to” become s master of the violin and, as he told a Srar reporter, often rove at 4 o'clock in the morning and with simply a candle for light practiced until when it was time to eat ii breakfast and go to school. led a theater orchestra in this city when he was only sixteen years old, and then he started away to carve out his own fortune. He played in theater and operatic orchestras, sometimes © | Bedonin cats of the ordinary dor From that, ‘olumbia, the Gem of the | bi 20, 1890-SIXTEEN PAGES. Interesting Bits of News From the Great Metropolitan City. INALS—THE FATERWEATHER WILL CONTEST. Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. ‘New Yonx, December 18. PLEASANT LIGHT is thrown on Ameri- labor just at this cheerful season by the statistics of the steamship companies. They are all chuck full of passengers on their east- ward trips. The Teutonic, for instance, last | week carried 1,438 passengers, being the largest number ever taken out from this side. These figures are surprising because we associate crowded steamer lists with the midsummer tourist season, but they are explained by the fact that before the holidays thousands upon | thousands of the laboring classes go back to the old home to join their kin whostay around the ancestral hearth. These swarms of | happy and prosperous laborers are an object ian of trlumphant democracy that goes = far to refute the jeremiads of which our social | Philosophers are rather fond. Certainly in no other country would these pilgrimages be Possible on the same scale. Down to the alt Water they come from every part of the Union. | Aconductor on the West Shore line told me | he recently carried six car loads of them in one train, and then off they go back to the old | homestead on a grand picnic of a month or six weeks, and no doubt in most cases with a fat pocket book of money to show for their, year il in the new world. Many of these pilgrims | are thrifty Scandinavians, but all na-| tions And again, for — the take the breadwirner in America to | time and the cash for an ocean trip he often | has.a comfortable surplus to send home, us witness the item in the newspapers a day or two | since, which told of millions that were being sent to Europe in Christmas monoy orders. WILD CATS IN THE PA Not, of course, the ge: uine felis catus, who leaps spectaculurly from ree to tree and springs upon the heads of the un rary traveler. He is | in the park, too, but safe) caged in the me- | nagerie. But there are borides quite a tribe of estic apecies, whose hand is against every man and who prowl about sequestered corners = seeking what they they may devour. mest fireside tabby i | thinly veneered tiger, compelled by its limita- | tions of size and strength to suppress its blood. fhirsty instincts. But these curious animals | that inhabit the park have thrown aside the |irksome trammels of civilization and have | cheerfully resigned the comforts of the warm fireside, the soft rug and the effeminate sauc of milk for the more exciting pleasures of the chase and a free life in the open. Their fare in the winter must be rather precarious, for they look thin and gaunt, but in the summer they wax fat and prosperous ona diet of birds or whatever they can pick up, and are apparently rapidly going back to their native barbarism. THE DISCOURAGING YOUNG TovGR. It would seem the part of wisdom for every city for simple self protection to pay large | sums for the aid and support of all kinds of kindergartens and missions that have for their object the instruction of children and the giv- ing of them a fair startin life. It is pitiably monotonous to read over and over again the same sad story of young criminals. Here are two just arrested for a series of bold and sue- cessful robberies of flats, carefully planned and skilfully executed. One of the robbers is nine- teen and the other is just out from a xeven- Years’ term in the state's prison, where he was | tent at the age of eighteen. Wlint a story this | tells of crime, almost innate, of boys born and | bred in an atmosphere of vice and turning to | burglary as naturally as to any ordinary means of livelihood. There are undoubtedly natures in whom these tendencies are difficult if not impossible to overcome, but there are few iittle children who cannot be taught that the straight path is the easiest and best and who cannot be persuaded to take it if they of any craft by which they read. ‘The only answer to the great probl of what to do with the criminal classes would seem tobe “educate the children,” not merely in reading, writing and arithmetic, but in pa- tient Abit of daily work for daily bread. IN PLYMOUTH CHURCH'S ORGAN LOFT. During the week I revisited the glimpses of the moon, as it were, by wandering into Ply- mouth Church and hearing its great organ tested in solitude and very deeply in the —s It is enough to make one with any torical sentiment feel rather queer to stand in the organ loft where John Zunder for so many years evoked the great voice of the in- strument, and to look down on the platform where unquestionably the greatest pulpit orator of our generation commanded the ad- miration of a world-wide audience. The church looks as bare and ugly as ever, and somehow it seems to have shrunk in size. The great organ, though thirty years of age, is as rich and grand in ite tones as ever. At one time the finest organ in the United States, it still ranks among the very best. As to Plymouth Church = after an anxions interregnum, it seems to in renewing its pristine strength. Dr. Abbott bas taker a firm hold of reins and is fast bringing the church into a united and aggressive mood. A very charac teristic episode was that of last Sunday, when the forger Smith, who was recently sentenced | to state prison and who wrote a lette: trition and confession to the churel that account kept on the church roll hiscrime. It was an audacious act, worthy of Boecher's boldest days, but it struck the eom- munity as a very creditable and honest piece of Christian logi THE FAYERWEATHER WILL CONTEST. Congratulations over the Fayerweather will were decidedly premature. The news came under the head of too good tobe true. At least there is to be a contest, and we all know unfortunately what happens when a will in- volving several millions once gets into the courts. At the same time, although there is general regret thst litigation, has begun. people feel much sympathy with the widow. re is some curious mystery about this case. The trustees may be the salt of the earth, but if so they are placed ina false position and should take immediate steps to set themselves right before the public. As the case now stands, these three men, no one of whom bas any spe- cial claim by nzture or service on the testator's generosity, will get about work in settling mp the e: colleges named i about $2,000,000, and the widow will get $13.600 a year and the honse she lives in, which house, by the way, she will have to give up because unable to run it on the allowance she obtains. Certainly this does not look either fair or de- cent and hardly sane, for there is no charge that there was any lack of affection between the late departed and his relic. If it shall ap- pear that the trustees are to get a cool million apiece as residuary legatees, while the widow | which has no tail. is reduced to genteel poverty, there will be gen- eral rejoicing if the will is broken. The col- leges are placed in a very awkward position and | there is directing and sometimes playing firet violin, un- | Opa til 1876, when he went to Philadelphia, where he made his home until in 1890, when he returned 6 Washington to assume the control and direc- tion of the band in which he had chestra and band. He has written three op- which is now the property of Francis Wilson and has never been produced. He was in business in man entered ? us ef i { fH i | = Li I th A distinguished mammalogist was asked the question by a Stan reporter and his reply was “Three theories quite distinct are held on the subject. Some think that the domestic puss is derived from the European wildcat, which is gray with black spots and strongly resembles the common tabby of the household, though it us much larger and very fierce. For « long time this belief was pretty generally accepted, but it is not so any longer. | “The second theory is that the domestic cat is descended from the wildcat of North Africa which also resembles the tabby, having a longer tail than the European wildcat. But the third belief, which is chiefly adhered to to- pussy is derived froma mixed Y cromes between wildcats of various hich have produced different strains in different parts of the world—as the Persian breed, the maltese and others. ite back om = before Christ. This «l the creature must have bec known to them asa household pet for the tirst time at about period. They were accustomed to pr their eats in the sh ammies, the | feline corpses wrapped, like those of human | beings, in’ windings of ‘cloth. Only a short | time ago discovery was made of a great cave in | Egpyt filled with thousands end thousands of " promptly dug out | where they were sold 5a ton tor mn Some of ere carefully unwrapped and dissected for scientitic purposes. Tt was found that they were very much like the pussies of tod: ough to the eye of the anatomist ey exhibited certain. very perceptible differ- ences, in the formation ‘of their ekulls, the breadth of their shoulder blades and other | points. In short, th pached in type neatic pas will cron with many varieties of wildcats and thua may have been produced many of the varying cies found in the worl: 1 the Isle of Man there is a cat, native to no other spot on eartl i In Maine there is a very p culiar variety known up there as the ‘coon eat, of which ignorant people confidently assert that it is across between the domestic tabby and the raccoon. Suci get our word ‘cat’ from hed by the Komans to the oy) “There is in India another ios of the cat tribe which is commonly domesticated. It is dlog and is called the ‘cheeta’ * People in that country mastiffs and allow them est is of all known keep chee the same freedom. animals the sw even able to ¢ is used for hunting parpo: One peculiarity it has which ¢ belonging to # separate branc ily it is unable to draw in its claws at will. —_>- or Not to Shave, ‘To Shave From Blackwood’: For many mustache in this conntry wa guishing badge of the cavalr hibited in the infantry, and as for the i who braved public opinion by sporting it he was looked on either as an artist, an eccen- | tric, or as wishing to pass for a hussar. But | shaving by regulation (little as j pected by those who subn | origin more serions th ce or love of uniformity. It is service: a survival of the pri mutilating | slaves to pr escape, ori sure their and recapture if th The — Mosaic n more merciful than it The proper ing a servant is set forth in de the mutilati had the judges: he shall also bring him Joor or unto the doorpost, and his mas- ar throu; e him forever.” As manners grew milder even this slight mutilation was discarded and shaving the head or beard was resorted to for mark- ing servants. Fierce and long was the con- troversy that raged in these islands during sixth and seventh centuries, even to shedding of blood. as tothe right manner in which priests—servants of the Lord- should shave their heads. At this distance of ime there seems as much to be said for St. Columbia's frontal tonsure—from ear to ear across the brow—as for that favored at Rom which eventually carried the day—the coronal, on the summit of the head. The Roman Catholic priesthood has not yielded to the lax practice of the age, and it is hot many years since any Protestant clergyman of these islands, had he grown anything more than the orthodox “mutton-chopa,” would have forfeited the confidence of his ‘entire flock. Modish young men of the prescnt day for the most part affect the tonsure described by Julins | Cesar as prevailing among the Celts of Britain | when he fizt landed that in, they shave every- ; thing except the upper lip. | adem eee Gladstone as a Book Buyer. i From the Pall Mall Gazette. H What Oliver Wendell Holmes describes as | “book hunger” seems with Mr. Gladstone to increase with years. Catalogues conscientiously perused and duly marked by him are quite frequent feature in booksellers’ windows. One of the most interesting examples, as it is also the latest, is now exposed with the check in the window of Mr. Menken, in Gray's Inn Road. rly forty books were ordered, subject to the discount of 10 per cent for cash upon which the G.O.M. always insists. The most remark- able thing that strikes one in glancing through these catalogues is the extraordinary variety of Mr. Gladstone's reading. | His first book.for example, is an odd volume, “A Sketch of the Pre-Shakespearean Drama,” | by F. Ireton; then come three works on an- thropology, one of which farus Sterne ‘Werden und Nergehen” in the original G man. As arct-off to Taylor's origin, &c., of “The Fine Arts in Great Britain and Irelan; Mr. Gladstone orders Sternberg’s translatiow of Dr. Magin's “Bacteri Bibliography appears also to be a favorite sab- ject with Mr. Gladstone, for he orders Dobson's “History of the Bassandyn Bible” and the “Archiv fur Geschichte de deutschen Buchhandels.” It would be highly interesting to know what Mr. G. wants with Cobbett's “Advice to Young Women.” rink question” and “epi taphs” are truly strange companions, but the ex-premier rs two upon cach topic, one being by Mr. W. Andrews. Heredity, Mor- monism and Popery, not to mention two books by Priestly, are duly marked off. But it is Shakespeareana that Mr. Gladstone orders wholesale. Sixteen French and six German translations from or criticiems on Shakespeare form a portion. of the order, so that our readers need not be at all surprised to learn that Mr. Gladstone will edit a varioram edition of the great dramatist or some such | stupendous undertaking! Truly an inexhausti- ble old man! ose ing to move out of the in now. The chimney smokes | don't know how to stop it, Candid Friend—“Tl tell you how to stop it fromemoking. | Just give it one of thow ci gave me the other da} t don't eure Ior'mmoking nothing else will.”—Teras Sift with an awl, and | li ment which is gratifying to the Sonsand Dangh- tera of the Revolution and those interested in the preservation of revolutionary relics and historic sites. This is the restoration of the winter quarters occupied by Gen. nam and the right wing of the army during the sovere winter of 1 the sound, from which it was seventeen miles distant, protected Danbury, his supply depot, and was also within three days’ easy march of the Highlands. The army, marching leisurely over from the Highlands, was in camp before November 14. A few days after, with » terrible northeast snow storm, winter ‘set im, one of the lon and severest ¢ known in that region. mercury sank to ite lowest lowel, and the snow was so deep that all surface landmarks were obliterated. Tt was during this winter that the troops revolted and started to march to Hart ford to demand their y from the legislature, but they were di from this course by Putnam, who appealed to their patriotism and manhool. UNDER THE NATIONAL GOVERNWENT. New York has secured and maintains the Washington headquarters at Newburgh, and nevivenia a few yoars ago appropriated 25,000 to purchase and restor the Washington headquarters at Valley Forge. No similar agtion has been taken by other states. These historic sites, it ix claimed, should be under control of the national government, and society was recently organized in this city hav ing this end in view, and the Sonsand Tangh- ters of the Revolution, whose societies are rapidly «preading, may'take the matter ap. ut has thus far appropriated for re ‘ing the Putnam winter quarters little ower Th wee: the matter of ge have simed to present mld direcs the thought to umes it commemorates. PLAN OF THE RESTORATION. The portals of the main entrance are two massive block houses—-the favorite arm of de- fense in the French and Indian wars in colonial times and during the winning of the west © brieiges with low pai such ws marched over in the Hudson valley and the Jerseys, span the streams. The monu- ent ist massive, ragged obclisk of granite, reared from the native rock and bearing strik ing inscriptions, and in general the ry 4 natnral features in which the site abounds have been retained Redding, the town in which the winter quar- teral a |, was the birthplace of Jool nary soldier, poet and diplo- matist, who died while minister to France of privation while retreating from Wilna, where e had gone to negotiate a treaty with Na- Poleon. | Lis remains rest in Poland, where he il, and a billis now pending for removing his dust to thix country and depositing it in the Putnam winter quarters. wee Libraries Open on Sunday. From the Philadelphia Inquirer, Some time ago Mr. Henry Phipps, jr., offered to contribute $10,000 to the Carnegie Library at Pittsburg, provided that the library be kept open on Sundays between the hours of 1 and i0 o'clock, post meridian. The aroused @ storm of protests, and though Mr. Phipps’ offer was finally accepted by a vote of ten to six, this action was not taken until a number of appeals had been heard, particularly from clergymen, that the library should be | closed on Sunda: From the tenor of the objections to the terms of the offer it would appear to the outside world as if some well-meaning gentlemen of Pittsburg classed » public library in the same | category with theaters, music halls and places of amusement generally. Perhaps they will find bj 7 expericnce that the opening of the rather than Iphia, the Mercantile Li-/ rary, which is open to readers on Sundays, ia— opposite St. Stephen's Church, and a candid and impartial spectator would be forced to ad- miton any Sunday that the open library and the decorons conduct of ite frequenters inter- fered uo more with the church than the chimes the church interfered with the readers at the ar} commodate all the inhabitants, and it can surely do no harm to have the libraries open for the convenience of those persons who not go to chureh. such church. cburct members cannot consistent object throwing the public libraries nee It cannot be a sin to read a good book on day, but the reading of many of the books admitted to Sunday school libraries waste of time. he Carnegie library, we aasume, wisely tiled with books an Tier clsewgere would #eem to that the placing of pablic on Sunday will rm. DECEIVED A DYING MAN. A Swindler Who Didn't Live to Get Hie Share of $10,000. There bas been brought to light in New York an exceedingly clever and audacious swindle, by which three men were induced to pay $10, 000 for an alleged silver mine in Colorado. The Tribune says: Dr. Henry Robinson of No. 402 West Ssth street is « well-known English phys cian, who has been in this city for about two years and abalf. He has been in the habit of taking his meals in the Grenoble Flats, No. 200 West 57th street, where he made the ac- quaintance of William Noble, the owner of the flats. Last Mey Dr. Robinson met a man in the restaurant, who introduced himself as John tof the spleen. The sick man had only four months to live, as care for bim. This was the last mont for three months, and then Dr. Led to attend him at the Lincoln Hi fter visiting him and prescri him for a week or more, he was told by mont as a secret that De i Granite, while digs) estimated to be worth €2,000,000. He anid, however, that it was in the claim of aman named Weston, whom he was trying to find to buy bisclaim from him. Delmont died with the story on his lips, and the doctor paid for bis funeral iy ‘Mr. Shay turned 0) and told the secret of the mine to Dr. m, and together they went to Mr. is brother, who went with Shay and there paid Weston €10,000 in mortgage of $20,000 for the claim. then went to inspect the new mine, it to bea myth. Delmont wasan old “bumee Ex-Governor Andrew G. been confined to his house for a week by illness, is He e: “ts to be about in ne sor algae