Evening Star Newspaper, December 6, 1890, Page 8

8 THE PORT OF PERU. Something About the City of Callao and Its Surroundings. THE CAPITAL CITY LIMA. Reminiscences of the Earthquake Which De- stroyed Both Cities—The Autocrat of the Port—The Busy Time on the Piazs—The Glory of Caliae as a Commercial City Gone. From The Star's Traveling Commissioner. Lyaa, Perv, 1890. ‘OW DIFFERENT is this world-renowned seaport from anything our imagination had pictured—how disappointing in one sense, because now showing no traces of its fifteenth- century youth, nor the glamor with which history and tradition have surrounded it. On the contrary, it is the most cosmopolitan, com- mon-place and matter-of-fact sort of city we have yet found in South America; a place where English is spoken almost as much as Spenish and where people of all nationalities have crowded the easy-going natives to the wall, 80 far as business is concerned. Even the correct pronunciation of its name is a sur- prise to us, for, whereas we were taught in school to say Cal-lay-o. it should be rendered as if spelled Col-yow, with the accent strong on the last syllable. Though the harbor is nothing to boast of, and on our storm-swept northern coast would be dignified by no such name, it is one of the best om this side of the southern continent. being sheltered from prevailing winds which blow from the south and southwest by the high, bare island of San Lorenzo and @ projecting tongue of land. But the approach to it, as seen through the veilof mist that always overhangs both sea and shore in the early morning. is certainly fine. A THICK Foo. Wearrive about #a.m.and drop anchor tile from the beach, in a fog which the sailors say is “thick enough to cut with a knife,” and is attributable to the condensation of tropical moisture by the cold currents of air sweeping northward from antarctic regions. Loomin, out of the mist, in dim outlinesand exaggerated proportions, is « spectral forest of maxts and belonging to sailing vessels from all seas, p ray store ships, coke hulks and other hantom craft, while to the right San Lorenzo to the skies a light house that is said to be more ornamental n useful, and front rise the cheese-shapec ‘top the famous old castle of San Felipe, above whose yellow walls and massive battlements the Spanish flag waved for the last time on this continent. To left, “as through a glass we see @ low shore covered with rellowish verdure, and trees pale for ‘k of rain, rixing gradually to the foothills of the Andes. "The brown heights seem to stand in close ranks, one behind another, each tier mounting higher; still beyond them all and be- hind a stratum of motionless cloud we faintly discern the snowy Cordillera, blending with the blue of the sky. At the base of those brown hills, only 6 miles inland, lies the ultima thule of our dreams—Lima,’ the “City of Ki * which Pizarro founded just three hun- and thirty-five years ago. ‘THE AUTOCRAT OF THE PORT. Hardly has the anchor gone overboard be- fore the steamer is surrounded by a clamoring crowd of marineros, or boatmen, who only wait the coming of the captain of the port to swarm upon the deck: lers of servi nd besiege passengers with "ein rowing them and their lug- fare sshore; but until his august permission been given they dare not come nearer than the law allows. The autocrat of the port always consults his own convenience about coming. He may be sleeping late from last night's revel batting with friends, or taking his morning coffee; at any rate he does not permit himself to be disturbed or hurried, howsoever travelers may rage and impatient seamen swear, and need not be expected for an hour or more. Meantime while the waiting marineroa are | wrangling with one another and endeavoring | tosecure engagements from e distance by | shouting to passengers on the steamer, we may | aswell “possess our soulsin patience” and ficen whet information we can concerning the ity. A communicative mate directs our attention to some sea lions thatare bobbing about among ig- He tells us that it is great fun to watch them and observe how. ther mock he manity in their flirtations and jealousic«, their and final settling down to fami life. Listen © moment, at any time of day, and you may hear their uamsical voice, halt ing, wling. Abounding all up and down Wis const they have refused to beens driven away, even from this busy harbor, and have grown almost tame. ‘THE CALLAO PAINTER. There are no end of the tales one may listen to concerning the freaks of the “Callao Painter.” as a mysterious local phenomenon is called—an aggravating artist, who works with invisible brushes and confines his operations solely to this harbor, never going inland nor out to sea, nor more than a few’ miles north and south. All know with what care the sailors are required to scPub and clean | YY. every part of a vessel before it comes into port, till every inch of it, outside and in, is spotless id | grant licenses to sell liquor? “Whenever an ap- . ina vain endeaver to ‘too the line’ of the street.” As there is considerable swell even in the mildest weather. along mole, or break- water, has been extended out toward the an- chorage, having stairx behind, where all the small boats and lighters receive and discharge their passengers and cargoes. The stairs are thronged witha motley and jostling crowd, mostly ragged loafers who have no business on hand but vagrant curiosity, who stare at the ladies and obstruct the landing so that we have some difficulty in forcing a path through their dirty ranks. ‘THE BUST PLAZA. The little plaza at the end of the mole pre- sents a strange and busy scene, it being crowded with wharf bummers and idle gentle- men in dilapidated sombreros and ragged pon- chos. Weare astonished to see great piles of grain and other merchandise lying uncovered in open air—until we remember that it never rains here, and there is no more moisture to be feared than that from the fogs. Here are of wheat from Chili, waiting to be car- ried to the mills on the Rimae—the river from which Lima took its name; there are blocks of salt, white and rose-colored, resembling onyx, brought from the salt quarries near Huacho; igantic piscos or red clay jars, shaped like the too amphorae and filled with “italia” from the valley of Pisco; bales of chincons bark from forests in the far interior; pyramidsof chancaca leaves, the course, unrefined sugar of the coun- pped in dried banana leaves, through sticky sweetness oozes, to the delectation of swarms of flies and nenrly naked children; and other products del pins mixed confusedly with familiar-looking bags, bules and boxes from the United States and Europe. ‘THE POVERTY OF PERU. Callao has a population of about 30,000, but its glory as a great commercial shipping center has departed. There are several modern build- ings of considerable architectural pretensions, sandwiched among the mud-plastered canes,con- spicuous among them being the branch house of the New York bankers, Mensrs. Grace & Co. and the new railway station, which is also close to the mole. The heat is intense, vile smells one’s olfactories at every turn, and as there is no drainage except such as nature pro- vides in the natural slope of the soil to seaward, and smart showers never fall to wash things clean, the place is proverbially unhealthy. The poverty of Peru since the war and the con- sequent depression of her trade, as well as the enormous tariffs im, by the government and the exorbitant port duties charged, have conspired to drive commerce away from Cal- lao, to the corresponding benefit of Valparaiso, the port of Chili. A few years ago, when the Peruvian government was in dire need of fands and willing to sell anything it could Ity hands on for enough cash down to keep things going, it practically sold this harbor of Callao to a French company, who leased its docks and an- chorage for a term of years for the sum of ‘200,000 per annum. The money has been a jod-send to Peru, but almost death to Callao, for the company has a right to tax shipping to any extent and has established a system of rates and rule which no seamen who can help themselves will submit to. a BUT STEEP ROAD. As before mentioned, the distance between Callao and Lima is six miles, but as the latter lies 512 feet above the sca level, the short jour- ney occupies more than half an hour. ‘There are two lines of road, both starting from the same point, but arriving at different depots in the capital’ city. The one we choose takes a ng the shore of the ha: low castle of San F repub . Fortaleza de la Independencia. ‘Then we meander slowly through a cane-built suburb and strike off in a right line past the Aldea and the Campo Santo of Bella Vista. A good deal of the way runs parallel with the camino real or “royal road” of the Spaniards, once well paved and lined with trees, but now covered with loose stones and sand, through which the big-wheeled carts of the carreteros are dragged wath dificults by struggling mules. “Evidently these early grandees did not build as well with all their stolen wealth as did their Inca prede- cessors, for the roads of the latter, though centuries older, are yet in tolerably good condi- tion. LUXURIOUS FOLIAGE FROM IRRIGATION. So slow is the ascent that the traveler has ample opportunity to view the country, which is mainly « parched waste, divided into squares y mud walls, with here and there a fiat-roofed casa or a ficld of bright green alfalfa, but wherever water is regularly turned on it blossoms like the rose. The courses of the azequins, or irrigating ditches, are marked by long lines of wild canes, vines, flowers ani willow There are acres’ of gorgeous nasturtions, orange, golden and ruby-red. riot- ing everywhere in unrivaled luxuriance, cover- ing ruins, curtaining verandas and lining the banks of the water courses. Scattered all over the sloping plain are mounds of adobe bricks, mostly regular in shape and some of immense size. These are the ruined huacos of the ancient inbabitants, of whom we shall have something to say by and ig they have supplied vast numbers of ox- cellent stin-dried ready made, for the construction of the m city and ‘adjacent and shining as soa] elbow and “holy-stone” can make it. After all this labor the disgust of the tired seamen when, the very next morning after anchor- ‘Callao bay, they awake to find the ship coated all over from stem to stern with a greasy, sticky, chocolate-colored film which | ee) every crack and seam an its way through the battened hatch- ! The Callao painter has been at work. always comes in the nigh’ on nothing but scraping will bu nd the cheapest and easiest way will be £0 puta coat or twoof paint on over it. Of course there are many theories this strange frost no suncan melt. Some say that it is a kind of grease forced up into the atmoephere of this lar y vapors beneath the sea, others attribute it to a species of volcanic dust driven terranean forces. On only one agreed—that the sticky, stinki: found nowhere else on, earth has cause for more profanity than that ever blew inta Callao harbor. ‘MEMORABLE RARTHQUAKES. ‘That the region is peculiarly volcanic, in the water by sub- imt are all im, which is s given just storms common with all the western slopes of the ts by the numerous Andes, is proved erent, upheavals on record, and one of the most territjic enlaret ties that ever overtook any City, war the great terrimote of October 24, 1746. which swept the old port of Callao, which occupie.} the project. ing point of land to the left, with all its inbabl. tanta, a one mens cone the sen. It was on swarm but perfectly calm me m evening, abort 1020 ¢'cloc! shock of shook both Lima and Callao. doi Siprest deal of in the former city, an: Li i iit i z BE E i ' Hl i Hk ui i i re itt il | i itty vi ly it if ema beuane: Eonmnens cameee cosas dead Indians whose careful wor! ip has saved their conquerors so much labor. ‘RICH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Nearer to the capital numerous fruit and vegetable —— surrounded by high adobe wi above which T orange, agnacate fig, pea and banana trees, present their phn ing contrast of green and gold. Then the great works are reached, and pass fhrough the old city wall, a portion of which has been demolished right here, we enter Lima by the street of San Jacinto. This is one of the shabbiest, dirtiest and least attractive of its avenues; but we do not know that until later on, and are conscious of no little disap- pointment in the midst of our excitement con- Sequent to attaining our hearts” desire in a visit to “the City of the Kings.” The noisy train whisks us into a castle-like structure, half fort, half church, which used to be the monastery of San Juan de Dios, but is now used for a rail- way station; and here we will bid you Good-bye for today. Faxnia B. Wann. ‘On a road in Mississippi we met ® young lady on horseback-—a plain-looking girl about eighteen years old. We were in a wagon, and as we met the driver halted his mules and saluted: “Mawnin’, Miss “Mawnin’, Sam,” abe “Gwine along up?” “All the folks tolerable?” “Yes.” With that she rode on and our team started up. The road wus rough and wound through the woods, and we had proceeded about thirty rods when we heard the report of » pistol. “Quick—we're needed!” shouted’ my com- down the lines, leaped to id took the back track at a run. I followe im and ditectly we came in sight of E was on her fost, working at the teil eter boron aad ping’ seas not ten feet away was the less, coatless and barefooted. tt Libbie.” behind that tree," the girl. hold of the bridle thie rein, 1 think I killed bis.” small revolver lay on beside her. "We went over to the Weay and woe explained left about toexamine it when the began to Bish, tho pes opened ont tae Rice osseennion to his feet. He seemed dazed fora moment, and ashe stood before us I saw blood oozing out over his chest. Then, of » sudden, he Wheeled and bounded away into the thicket. ‘You didn’t dun kill him, Miss Libbie,” said the driver as he went over to her. _— she replied. “Here, broke | 8 of racket about it, and straightway, pecsenalty or by attorney, makes or triés to make it ap- Pear that the reasons assigued for the refuse! are insufficient, and that, @ great outrage upon the community has trated. Now this is all wrong. iy placed in the attitude -of giving any Teason at all for not doing a like this? What the liquor eller wante is not his by right, if Supreme opinions count for any- That which he demands isa favor. It If he cannot, that is quite another thing. In the latter cnse all the officials need to dois to simply but firmly say no, and let the matter rest there. -_* 8 *& Art lovers—and that term may now be con- strued to mean pretty much everybody—will be pleased to hear that the Corcoran Gallery is to be open free to the public on the evenings of Friday the 19th and 26th instant, end probably each Friday evening during the’ winter, if attendance seems to justify the trouble and ex- pense incident to night openings. ~—* 8 When, a few years ago, Tue Stax persistently maintained that travelers between Washington and New York were entitled to and should have “‘s five-dollar fare and a five-hour train,” peo- ple generally thought the demand a very travagant one, and didn’t believe so desirable a condition of things wotld ever be realized. But the public is now in the fall enjoyment of both, thanks, partly, to the direct efforts of the Press, and partly to competition, which also came about largely through the agitation of the subject by the newspapers. The Baltimore and Obio road fs regularly running its “royal blue line” cars between political and commer- cial capitals of the country on a five-hour schedule, and with no extra chi for quick time, uniess passengers desire such advantages asa drawing room car are supposed to fur- nish; and even in that cave the cost is a little over half what it used to be. But even this additional expense is scarcely necessary, «ince each of the cars on these trains is provided with smoking and wash rooms, and such other ee, WASHINGTON, D.C, SATURDAY, DECEMBER, Plicant for one fails to get it he raises no end t as “good form” to wear anything but SIL etvon ened ooeselons, Tay dcenten Taten up by tie glided ponte fechiens wher he Fick iethe toilceenk ogee ee cared little or not for expense, and 1 a poor fellow who could illy ford’ the cost lorie he oa sgl es obliged to fall in with it, in spite of se ee Now, however, the common sense of is beginning to assert itself, and the for its — that has ever been invented will soon take P Place again among s gen tleman’s belongings. That it was ever been tet, ede substitute as took ite e is a8 great contindram as some m, ies that surround occasional changes indice’ aahions —-+0e__ PETER RAGLAND’S DEFENSE. wing snatched a Isdy's pocket book. “The proof,” said the justice, “is 80 plain that further investigation is unneces- sary.” “No, it ain't, sah,” the negro replied. “Dat’s times when suthin' dat dun looks like proof the | shrivels up might'ly when you fling de firelight ©’ reason right strong down on de question.” “Well, but what firelight of reason can affect the proof that you met this lady walking quietly on the street, and you snatched her purse?"” “Now, jedge, lemme tell you somethin’. I waz comin’ laung de street, an yere come dis, Indy, | She = ins, she ee ms ou mone} er wa tat ) an’ thought dat cho woe offeria’ Mt ter meant tuck it, Tdid. I allus takes everything dat is fered ter me, sah.” “But why did you think that she was offering it to you?” queried the judge. “Wall, you see my little daughter hes been sick fer ‘some time, an’ de white folks hos been powerful kind ter me—gibs me suthin’ putty nigh ever" day, an’ I thought dat dis lady yered erbout hit an’ wanted me ter git some medi- cine.” “That's all very well, but what made you ran 80 fast after snatching the putse?” “Who, me?” he asked, shuffling to gain "Hen, pun. “Why, jedge,” he exclaimed, with the bright- ness of x sudden idea, “I wanted ter hurr: home ter carry de good news—wanted to tell my po! wife dnt de pattient lady Teber seed in my life dun gib us money ernuff ter git de comforts and conveniences as usually go with a Pullman outfit. Verily, as one Signor Gali is eaid to have observed. “the world does move!” And it may be added that the press is quite a lever in the moving business, se * ® The Philadelphia custom of munching cara- mels on the streets seems to be making head- way among Washington belles of a certain type. Better no candy stores than such bad-mannered disregard for good taste and lady-like demeanor. se & How far an artist has the right to repeat him- self,—that is, after a picture has been painted for one customer to make @ duplicate of it for another, or for open market,—is a question upon which different opinions are held. Of course, he has the legal right to do so, unless the purchaser exacts an express stipulation against it. Morally, however he has not the right to make a replica of any painting he has once sold, except with the consent of the owner; arid the artist who is in the habit of offending in this respect will soon find himself losing caste among the more honorable members of his own guild, as well as with picture buyers. A case of the sort which called out a good deal of unfa- vorable comment was presented at a late loan exhibition in the Union League Club in New York, where, to the surprise of not a few of those present, there were shown, as the prop- erty of gentlemen in that city, the original study and alao an almost exact reproduction of Mr. Boughton's well-known painting “The Edict, of William the Testy,” belonging to the Corco- ran Gallery in this city. As a tule, reputable artists are not willing to sell their original studies and sketches, and few’ now a dayn will furnish replicas of important works they have produced, since to do xo argues want of origi- nality and an undue desire for money getting; and that one should do both was hardly to be expected of a gentleman occupying so high a Position professionally as Mr. Houghton does, th in this country and England. se eR Unfortunately for the Gallery, Mr. Boughton is not the only nor the gréatest offender in this respect. “Fun and Fright,” one of its most popular genre pictures, has been repeated twice, if not oftener, by the artist; and if Mr. Richards has not exactly reproduced his fine “Jersey Coast,” he has in some instances come so near it as to detract somewhat from the in- | }y terest of the original. Its market value might also be affected, if offered for sale, but since the Gallery buys to keep, and not to sell again, that point may never be rated. However, 10 guard agninst further experiences of this char- acter, the Gallery has adopted and now adheres to the rule not to buy the ting of any livin; Artist without ‘reoelving from Lim» Wwritieg guarantee that it shall not be repeated. se ee One would naturally suppose that after the electric light got fairly under way in Washing- ton the natural competition between that sys tem and the old gas company would secure to the public better night illuminating service than it formerly had, or, any way, that each would do the best it could, so as to deserve the Greatest possible patronage. Nothing of the sort has happened, however. On thecontrary, it would seem that, feeling reasonably secure against further opposition, the ‘two organiza- tions have formed an alliance on the basis of giving the least and getting the most it can, and letting the public be where the late Mr. Vanderbilt consigned it. There may not be an ‘actual compact, signed, sealed and delivered, between them; but it looks that wayy and if there were, the town could hardly be worse off in the matter of lights, however the same may be produced. ie in the country com- Pares unfavorably with Washington in this re- spect, that place is surely to be pitied. Certain it is that the electric incandescent. lig! sity or diffusing . , for exam- 15, at those in the thop windows’ on cose ct e principal street’. A mere loop of red hot wire in appearance; and as to luminosity, a “penny dip” would scarcely suffer by compari. son. As for our gas light, so called,”-ah! there words fail. It isa disgrace to the authorities that permit {t to be furnished, as well as to the company that furnishes it, and an insult to the Peeple to whom itis mupplied. It ts not onl wufielent in illumineting quality, thro want of complete combustion, but it is in the highest degree destructive to paintings, bronz Intec and tphelctery, and. attremele njerions to those who are compelled to breathe poi- sonous at se ee Asis well known by those familiar with that country, lawyers do not occupy as high @ posi- ly or socially in China as they do in the newer civilizations. As a matter of E f i ' 7 i i i : g = 5 i i i & F at f git hi ff H “ if i A | g 4 i : if Hi | i i é G i i 4 i A fe fit & f ee rl f F F i ¥e eg medicine we want. Oh, no, sah, Iain'tnohan’ ter Poke er laung when good news is er stirrin’ up my heels. I hes seed white folks dat had been sent atter er doctor poke erlong, but it ain't datter way wid me, er when I thinks de putti- est white lady Ieber seed has dun gib me money, Tain’t gwine let er crap ‘o grass grow under my feet. Jes look at dat lady, jedge. Ain't she purty? Fo' de Lawd, she dun put me in mind o' my young mistis laung fo’ de wah. Putty ladies is er gittin’ mighty wace now. Ob, Iknow'em. Ole marster useter say ter me: ‘Pete,’ he'd “low, ‘ef I wuz ex guoder jedge o' deanty ez you is I wouldn't do nothin’ but xtan’ aroun’ an’ pick out wives for deze good- lookin’ young men.’ Now, jedge, [has dun ib my ‘splanations an’ you'mer een’ me ter Fait ef you wants ter. “Judge,” said the woman, coyly holding her head to ‘one side, and tittering, just enough to be girlieh, “perhaps I was to blame. Indeed, I believe I offered him the purse, not thinking of what I was doing at the time. I think you ought to let him off.” broad smile became epidemic in the court room. ‘The justice said that the purse matcher was free. aS ea BUNCO AS IT IS DONE IN PARIS. ‘The [Experience of Mme. Prevost, Dealer in Jewels, Cost $15,000. From the New York Sun. The police records of the French capital havo just been enriched by another of those clever bite of Parisian roguery that make plain Ameri- can bunco-steering appear in comparison ai artistic as hod carrying or sand begging. Paris dailies published a few weeks ago this announce- ment: “A splendid wedding will take place here to- ward the end of the month. M. W. Thompson, & millionaire American broker, will marry Miss Ellen Barber, the only daughter of the highly rerpected Rev. J. M. Barber of New Zealand.” About ten daps after this notice appeared a man with a white beard and in clerical garments introduced himself at the jewelry ¥. shop of Mme. Provost as the Rev. Dr. Barber, find neked that sn attendant be sent with a great variety of jewels to his house in Bassand in order that Mr. Thompson, his future son-in-law, might choose fitting wedding gifts for the coming ride, The old man designated some €10,000 worth of jew- els as the most likely lot for his future son-in- law's taste and left. The next morning Mme. it herself took the jewela designated and some #5,000 worth more to the house in Baseand street. She was led into » splendid reception room by a maid servant, who took her card to the “pastor.” She was received in a few min- utes by the old man ins saloon crowded with evidences of the wealth of the occupants. "He “My daughter is too ill to rise. Her fiance is with her and if you will step in they will make their selection together.” ‘The “‘pastor” opened. the door to admit the caller to his daughter's bedside, but was stopped by a woman's voice: “The woman must come tomorrow, I'am not able to see strangers today.” “But, my dear child, you can just take » glance ‘or two, 20 as to tell us what you wish,” remonstrated the “pastor,” and then turning to Mme. Provost: ‘The poor girl has a terrible headache and objects to seeing strangers. I will just give her a look at the things myself, ind chen ers the pipet order. fe took the tray with the €15,000 worth of Jewels, gave Mme. Prevost an album of views of the Yosemite for her entertainment, and then went to the woman in the next room. He returned to chat with Mme. Prevost, but was called away by the announcement, “I have made my choice.” The pastor remained away five, ten, fifteen minutes. Mme. Prevost be- came nervous, and knocked at the bedroom door, No answer. Sho triedit. It was locked. She hurried to the other doors. They, too, wore fast. She screamed and pounded until the janitor came to her rescue. The false pas- tor and daughter and. maid servant had gone and have not been seef since. They had taken the rooms the day before, and had not even paid the rent. en BE CAREFUL WHOM YOU WED. Love May Be Sufficient for Itself and Not jarriage. M It is pitiable fact that more than half the persons who believe they love one another in- tensely and marry under such belief live long ‘enough to find themselves mistaken, says the Minneapolis Times. But many American Parents deem it quite suficiont for their children to avow in their salnd days @ recipro- | the cal passion to take them at their words and hurry them into wedlock. We are s practical people, yet the name of love has a conjuring power with us. Before that monosyllable com- mon sense seems to We forget that while love may be ample for not ample for ge—a state in rownic stern realities, manifold enter and play ® most nous part. “Do they love one another?” That is the “If they do, send for id them fast.” E our dit if FREE | i H 83 8k $ IE i FRESH WASHINGTON RELICS. Documents of Great Interest About to Be Shown st the National Museum. THE WILL OF GBORGE WASHINGTON's GREAT GRANDFATHER AND THE ORIGINAL DEED TO HIM (OF MT, VERNON—LETTEES IX THE RANDWRITING OF MARTHA WASHINGTON xD OF WaSHING- TON'S MOTHER—OLD ACCOUNT BOOKS. AST WEEK there was ments have never been exhibited to public view. They’ are the nephew of he The yw of the father of his country. The way in which he came into possession of them was this: When George Washington died, as is well known, he left all his papers. to his nephew, Bushrod Wi was then an associate justice of the United States Su Court. shrod left no descendants, and bequeathed the papers to his brother, Corbin W: n, who was the great-grandfather of Lawrence. For generation after generation they have beon stored away in ‘and now, for the first time, are to be shown ‘to the public under the care of the Smithsonian Institution. It will be some time, however, before they are got into shape to be placed on view. SOME OF THE TREASURES. To begin with there is the original will of George Washington's great-grandfather, John Wash: ‘who came from England to this country with his brother Lawrence. He was a man well-to-do, as is shown by the fact that he and Nicholas Spencer received from Lord Cul- Peper 6,000 acres of Virginia land in compen- sation for bringing over a lot of settlers. These 5,000 acres included Mt. Vernon. Among the Papers is the original deed of this tract, signed y Lord Culpeper, and with a memorandum as to the nature of the document indorsed on. the back in George Washington's handwriting. The indorsement roads: " “Thos. Culpeper's Patent to Col. N, Spencer and Lt. john ‘ashington for 6,000 acres of land.” Diarch 1, 1674, is the date of the deed. ‘There is also an order from Lord Culpeper to his agent in Virginia concerning the surveying of this land. Dating from that time on are numerous deeds relating to transfers and sur- veys of the tract after it came into the posnes- sion of the Washington family. Dated 1708 ia a deed from Wm. Harrison, an ancestor of the President, transferring 200’ acres of woodland. From 169 to 1790 are other deeds recordii transfers toand from George Harrison, Will- iam Hi Mildred Gregor, George Mason, William Sparks and other prominent Virgin- ians, ‘MAPS OF MT. VERNON. Not least interesting of the papers are a num- ber of maps of Mt. Vernon and adjacent lands, drawn by George Washin; himself, with let- tering in his own hand. ‘There is a document signed by Richard Henry Lee, November 20, 1778, to which he adds a postecript. apologizing for delay in returning the paper. ‘docu- ment in question concerns negroes of Maj. Law- rence Washington. An {interesting deod is dated 1617, and by it the “Right Honorable Catherine, Lady Fairfax, sole proprietor of the northern neck of Virginia,” conveys 162 acres in Stafford county to Sampson Darrell. These acres sub- ate became the property of George ashington. A beautiful specimen of pen work is a deed from William Whiting to George Washington of 200 acres on Dogue Run, Stafford county. Itisall in George Washington's handwriting, even to the signatures of Whiting and his wife, who were only able to make their marks. INTERESTING LETTERS. Of all the papers not the least curious is one written by Martha Washington, and dated October 2, 1776. It is in, her own handwriting and is addressed to Gen. Washington's secre- tary, The document is as follows: “‘Bir—Please to give to Milly Posey the sum of five pounds, Virginia money. Iam your most humble serv’t. Mantua WasmrxaTox.” At the bottom of this are the words: “Rec'd the above sum, Amelia Posey.” The secretary, Lund ‘Washington, was manager of the gen- cral's estate and conducted his financial affairs. His name appears also in another document of the collection, which is of a sort quite the rarest of the Washingtoniana. It is a letter written by Washington's mother, with her own hand, December 23,1778. Like’ most of the women of her day she did not spell very well. e saya: “Dear Bir! Gest as I had wrote to you not to send the cash by the overseer Col. Bansett came in and delivered the forty cash to me from you. Iam, Gear sir, your most affection vant, ashington.” adi to “Mr. Lund Wash- the manuscripts is the original certifi- cate issued in 1808 conferring the degree of EL-D; upon, Bushrod Washington and signed ja Andrew by Elisha Boudinot, Aaron Hunter and Frederick Frelinghuysen, Also there is indorsed by Gerf. Washington a rinted order addressed fo his brother, Col. John Augustine Washington, lieutenant of Stafford county, signed by John Page, presi- dent of Virginia, directing Col. Washington to cali out the militia of the county, the be- 20,1776. “You must’ be partion- larly edreful,”* the order “to procure good powder horns and. shot’ bags, with as much powder, lead and flints as you can.” ‘There are also very many other papers which have to do with the calling out of the militia in ‘Virginia at the beginning of the revolution. very inte Lawrence Washington, having attached to it almost the only perfect seal of the Washington family extant. Naturally great interest at- taches to this seal, inasmucl ate humble ser The re is ingtot who took George to Mount Vernon and looked after him. At his death the roperty went to his widow and child, and, Both ot thave dying, it fell to George. GEORGE WASHINGTON'S ACcOt George Washington's minute methods of keeping accounts are well known. Among the papers are good-sized blank books entirely in the general's handwriting and with each pase to carefully ruled that the operation must have taken many hours to perform. In. these vol- tumes are recorded the receipts and expendi- tures of provisions, &c. for every day in euch month, down to the smallest house! su; lies. ‘One might imagine that Mrs. Wash- would ‘have been rather annoyed than dtherwiso by his ways in this regard, bat every one knows it she had him rather under her thumb ‘on the wi Also there are large bound aceount books con- taining the record of every expenditure on the Mount Vernon estate, and reports from the various ne had charge of the ms into which the tract wee frp: pa i i 7 y att I i £3 8 Hu i I A int f f I H if i ty rif | ing document is the wili of | © —— pe F 6, 1890—SIXTEEN PAGES. fluids may be injected into any part body. But Koch suggests that under the between the scapule is the best place, as the skin is very little sensitive there. NoTe- action occurs at the place of inoculation, and it goes without saying that the injection is made with antiseptic precautions. The patientex] riences no effects whatever for some time after the inoculation, but at the end of about four hours the temperature begins to rise rapidly, accompanied usually with rigors, as is the case almost always when there is a rapid increase of the bodily temperature. There is vomit- eon “ad 2 pits ) This tremend- . . y is - ous rise is reached in about two hours from the commencement of the febrile reaction. The fall of the temperature is alao rapid, asa Fale, but the speed of the fall depends on the extent of the tissue affected by the tubercular matter. According to Koch the injected liquid does not kill the bacilli them- selves, but only the tissue which has been re- cently modified by the vital action of the bacilli. If the tissue thus affected be extensive, the temperature will remain high for a much longer time than if only a small amount be af- fected. Where the tubercular affection is lim- ited, as in lupus, the temperature will reach its Bel normal level at the end of twenty-four hours | offe; malaise, Pa- and the patient will feel free from tients suffering from tubercular affections of the joints, larynx, &c., even felt better at the end of the period of reaction than they did fore the inoculation was made. In the case of tubercular glands, the rise of temperature as a rule, delayed considerably and may n reach its maximum for about twenty-four hours. While the temperature is thus rising the pulse also s, increasing to 120 or even 160 beats per minute; vomiting frequently occurs at the acme of the fever. The rapidity of the pulse diminishes along with the fall in tem- perature. In some cases the reaction becomes quite alarming, with dysphsa, and in one case restorat of Inpus the tives had to be employed to bri patient round. Simul- taneously with these phenomena of gencral constitutional affection there occur certain very marked and characteristic symptoms in all parts of the body, under the influence of recent tubercular virus. The local swelling be- gins earlier than the rise of temperature. Old, cheesy deposits present in a part do not lead to the production of these local phenomena after inoculation. Such cheery matter is to be re- garded as already necrossed; and as Koch ex- lains that only living tissue is affected 7 his Inoculation material, we understand why local reaction does not occur where cheesy matter alone is present. The local phenomena consist in general of swelling of the affected parts, which may be considerable, more or less red- nese, and in some cases lessened pain. Lupus is one of the most interesting and in- structive of the forms of tubercular disease which have been treated up to the present. It is indeed to Koch that we are indebted for the knowledge that lupus is really tuberculosis of the skin. In cases of this disease the phe- nomena are visible, pace can ae the various changes without depending \y on the subjective evidence of the patient. as a typical case of treatment one of lupus affecting the nose and face, several of which ‘have been under treatment in Berlin during the last five or six weeks. With the rise of temperature the patient is already sufferiny from some malaise, and if asked whether he is ill, will answer that he has some headache anda feeling of “tightness” or tension in the affected part. The part has become slightly redder and of a brighter color and swollen. tion has reached its height. rapidity and extent of the swelling ar> almost incredible in some cases. The nose may attain twice or thrice its original size, the cheeks become swollen, and it may be quite impossible to open the eyes. The extent of the swelling is to be taken as significant of the extent of the tubercnlar disease at the place affected. This is frequently far more extensive than could be concluded from the mere extent of the actual lupus ulcer or of the tissue which presents the appearance of disease from the existence of clcatrices. When cases of lupus recur, after a lupus ulcer has been healed, the fresh outbreak of disease occurs only in rare cases in the cica- trix itself, but, as rule, outside it, around its border, in tissue which 'to all appearance was healthy. The recutrence of the in this tissue must be taken to indicate that it was not healthy, as it seemed to be, but that it really contained tubercle bacilli’ in quantities too small to produce changes recoguizable by the au in the living subject, but suficient to lead to a fresh outbreak of lupus in the course of time. Some ten or twelve hours later the tubercular nodules in the affected area, those which were distinctly visible to the eye before inoculation and also others which were not be- come much more distinct, they being the por- tions specially and selectively influenced by the inoculated liquid. This is an illustration of the fact mentioned by Koch in his communica- tion, that it is the tissues and not the bacilli in them which are affected by the inoculation. ‘A very characteristic,and peculiar feature is the border, varying from a quarter to a third ofan inch ‘in width, which becomes visible (after inoculation) around the affected part, where the scabs begin toform. This margin is whitish in color, apparently owing to edema, and outside If there lee an aren of ‘skin which presents 1e charac’ ‘sppearances ryipelas, except the usual prominence of the papile of the skin. Itis puffed and elevated above the tissue outside ite own margin. Sometimes skin presenting the same appear- ance may be proc in narrow lines culeide this erysipeloid area, slong paths which may be regarded an the ours, of the my . These lymy ‘may sup- fin to contain tubercular material Later on, the inoculated liquid having had time to emphasize its local for mag ey -diewe} farface becomes covered with scabs, arising, no doubt, from exudation as necrosis of the cular 'tissne proceeds. These scabs are like amber in sppearance and. like it 10 t or dark. ‘They gradually Reowut thay are very adherent, but moval, may be accelerated by soaking them with oil, and after they =o fallen. = the tis- sue is found marvelously changed in appear- ance and character. Instead of the tense, =opee ee ea with its nodules shining through, the tender, young, rose colored and tniform En'textare, soft to the touch. That such results should be obtained at the end of afew days, and through the medium of gome half dosen or so, sabontaneous painless inoculations in light canes only the frst ha severe reaction), will appear, astoanding most gratifying. Cases in this stage gardod ws outed, to further {noculation. nin of internal organs, join bones, lymphatics, 2. ae reasonable, to as- sume that processes resul m the inocu- lation are similar in their main features to in visible tal general a tenderness — Se Peery S Pealtion of Sie ene Tn pulmonary Suberouloais also there ° 8 | tional Farmers’ Alliance ese changes | keep on increasing in intensity until the reac- ; Opinions Differ as to the Expediency of Forming « Third Party. At yesterday's morning session of the National Alliance, Col. L. F. Livingston, from the committee on organization, made a report which is to furnish the basis for an ultimate union between the National Farmers’ Alliance and Industrial Union and the Farmers’ Mutual Benefit Association, which has an organization with a large membership in the western states. The report was adopted without dissent. Col. Livingston also offered a resolution providing for the adoption of the St. Louis Alliance plat- form of 1889. ‘THE ST. LOUTS PLATFORM. This platform demands the abolition of na- tional banks and the substitution of legal-tender treasury notes in lieu of national bank notes, in sufficient volume to carry on the business of the country on a cash system; that Congress Prevent, by law, the dealing in “futures” of all agricultural and mechanical productions: free and unlimited coinage of silver, and prohibi- tion of alien ownership of land, and adoption of some just plan by which the government may acquire ownership in such lands, and also in lands held by railroad companies in excess ‘of the actual needs; that taxation, both state and national, shall not be used to build up one interest or class at the expense of another; that all revenues, national, state and county, shall be limited to the actual necessary expenditur: of the government, economically and honestly inistered; that Congress insne sufticient fractional paper currency to facilitate exchange through the United Staice main and that all means of communication and transportation shall be owned by the United States govern men’ SEVERAL AMENDMENTS MADE. An amendment was offered by Mr. Loucks of North Dakota providing for the ownership of all railroad and telegraph lines by the national government. Mr. Livingston opposed this and red as a compromise measure # resolution Providing that the liberty to control and oper- ate all such lines shall vest in the govern- ment, and, if after a fair trial of this aystem it is found that it does not afford the relief demanded or effect reforms in the 5 of them, the government's ownership be complete. ‘This was adopted after wome diseus- n. Mr. Wade of Tennessee offered an additional amendment that every alliance lecturer, state and national, all newspaper organs of the al- liance shall support the St. Louis and Ocala platform (amended platform) or suffer suspen- sion from the order; and, further, that no can- didate for any national political office shall be supported by the alliance members unless he indorses this platform, and any suballiance not complying with these restrictions may be suspended at the pleasure of the president. This was also adopted and the whole platform, ‘as amended, was adopted unanimously upon & call of the roll by states. POLICY OF THE ALLIANCE. Dr. C. W. Macune, chairman of the national executive committee, submitted his annual re- port of the work accomplished by that body during the year. It referred at length to the work Prue committee in having the subtreasury bili drawn and presented to Con- gress. The alliance had elected forty members of C who would look after the interests of the bill.’ The report recommended @ re- duction of the salaries of all onal liance officers and the removal ton of the National Alliance presiden inasmuch as the retention of it there entails an $rPenee not commensurate with ite usefulness. Dr. Macune spoke at length on the impolicy of giving the Ate port of the alliance toa third party. He favored postponing the matter until February, 1892, when a convention repre- senting all sections of the party should decide whether a third party ticket should be nomi- nated. Dr. Macune’s remarks were frequently interrupted with applause, especially that part of them which outlined the policy for the Na- ive to a party, thus indicating very plainly the temper Of the delegatescon this question. ‘The report was referred without debate. The committee investigating the official con- duct of President Polk and Messrs. Livingston and Macune exonerated all three from anything derogatory to their standing, but did not free them whoily from criticism of alleged indisere- tion in the Georgia senatorial campaign. ‘The report was adopted. ‘THE ELECTIONS BILL INDORSED. At the forenoon meeting of the National Col- ored Alliance a resolution was unanimously adopted urging upon Congress to pass the Lodge election: bill and let it apply to alll seo- tions of the United States. : The principal change from Thureday'’s reso- lution is the elimination of the paragraph criticising and denouncing the white Nati ‘iliance for its action in ‘condemning the bill. Gen. J. H. Rice of Kansas, who, with Mr. Willets, the defeated candidate for governor, is anaspirant for the people's nomination for United States Senator agninst Mr. Ingalls, got the floor Thursday night on a ition to improve the Mississippi river, but took occa- sion to delivera violent political «peech in which he roundly denounced the republican party. Among other things he said: “It had its origin in the highest impulses of human freedom and T gloried in being one of its cham- jons foz nearly a quarter of a century, but coe Mine salen ieee aaa high estate and has become « prowling plunderer It professes re- ligion, but it is an infidel. It profemes free- dom, but in reality is a treacherous tyrant. It is a gigantic conspiracy to erect a monied im- rialiem upon the ruins of free institutions. it is the champion of trusts, and orations to grind down the toiling masses.” speech produced a profound sensation, and alliance men of both parties desired it un- derstood that his opinions were simply those of an individual and not indorsed by the alliance ass body. A call has been drawn up for # national con- ference to meet in Cincinnati February 23, 1891, to form ‘a national union party, based upon the fundamental ideas of finances, trane- portation, labor and land, in furtherinoe of ¢ work already begun by those organizations | $e" and preparatory for united #1 for pesky sacd tise te Saesneeal pane eee flict now pending, that must decide who in this gountry.,ie the ‘sovereign, “the citizen or the jollar."”” ea\bout seventy-five delegates have signed the RLECTION OF OFFICERS. After a short time devoted to routine busi- ness at the afternoon sersion President Mo- Grath of the Kansas Alliance mioved that the annual election of officers be proceeded with, and placed the name of L. L. Polk in nomi- nation for president. The whole body of dele- gates in a simultaneous shout seconded the nomination, and Mr. Polk was unanimously ""Brenident Tage of the Virginia Allance nom- ident irgini inated B. F. Cover of Kansas for vice president, and his re-election was also unanimous. J. P. Oliver of Alabama nominated J. H. Turner of for , and his election was unanimous. For national lecturer two nomi- nations were made—J. 8. Willets of Kansas and Benjamin Terrell of Tennessee. Willote was elected by a vote of 48 against $2. Mr. Terrell in the present incumbent. REMOVING THE PRESIDENT'S OFFICE. There wasmuch comment made on the propo- sition of Dr. Macune to remove the office of the president of the National Alliance from Wash- ! tHE INDIAN CRAZE. How the Live Indian May Be Made » Geod Indian. To the Raitor of The Evening Star While many opinions have appeared and much special information from the field has been furnished and interesting colloquies have taken place in the Senate, it is « difficult mat- ter, apparently, to get at the full cause of the present phase of Indian troubles, According to some overwise observers, who deem justice and bumanity tobe mere terms of sentimen- tality, and some persons who have « “longing for land” and more direct interests, the Indian is always in the wrong, and, moreover, be is always in the way. It is evident that they think the Creator made a mistake in placing the In- dian where he is, or where he principally waa, and «so-called Christian nation has used the ‘take to advantage and cheated and swindled the simple-minded red man with effrontery and Persistence that make one of the most amazing chapters in the histary of civilization. Whether the present menace of the Indians fe the result of being cheated and starved or not it can be shown that ninety-nine times out of @ hundred when ther bave to vi they have been stung to it by outrages that have few parallels in the history of the world. DEVILISM TREATMENT OF THE IXDIANB. Is it any wonder that there should bee mas- eacre of whites when white men have surprised, camp of Indian women and children, the men being of hunting, and after committing out rages thet would make a cannibal shudder, have drawn their revolversand “plinked” the babies crawling on the ground and the mothers who wildly tried to shield them, till a hundred were lying dead, as was the case near ‘Tucson, Ariz., a few years ago? Some of the greatest massacres by the Indians in recent years were Preceded by occurrences similar to this, Can one marvel at their discontent when they are ruthles#ly driven from their homes, which, by ties and associations, are as dearto them as ours are to us, driven like cattle and dying like sheep on the way, taken into reserve tions unhealthy and unsuited to them, to make way for the white people, who want their lands? Is their lack of confidence a matter of #ar- prise when the government makes solemn romine to reimburse a tribe for a valuable d which they and their ancestors nd tilled for ages, and which, heart |. they vacate, some of them insane by it, to find that not a tithe of the promise is to be fulfilled, and that they bave been made out- casts upon the earth? By treatice as solemn as legal and impressive terms could make them the government has ac- knowledged that certain lands belonged to the Indians, and has entered into compacta of the most sacred character to make payment for them. Many, if not most, of these treaties have been utterly disregarded. Nine times out of ten the government, or the white people have been the first to violate the treaties, and nine times out of ten the Indians have been faithful to them. Innumerable of the government's own agents can be cited in proof of these statements, and thousands more cases that make up the blackest chapter in our bie- tory. ‘The recognition of Indian tribes a nations and making treaties with them may have been agreat mistake: all the sume that was done and it is worse than puerile to plead an error that is atill being made In the present difficulty Senator Manderson fagkeste with apparent. pride in ite supposed novelty that the In¢ PONIES SHOULD BE TAKEN from them in exchange for oxen. Well, some- thing like that has been done. In 1876 Gen. ‘Terry took 2,200 ponies from the Indians of the Cheyenne River agency, Dakota, and all their guns and pistols. The ponies were sold for abont #20,000 and all the Indians got in return was 21,250 worth of cows. ‘The expenses of the transaction, which were charged against the Indians, were nearly £15,000. And the action of the government in the matter was a direct violation of the treaty made with those Indians. Thousands of instances of outrage and dis- honesty on the part of the government and ite representatives and the white settlers could be na Every fair-minded man who goes among them, every one who has not been seized by an unholy’ longing for their lands, secs these things and knows them to be true: and witha reasonable degree of courage will avow the fact. in spite of retorts in reference to “sentimental feeling” and sympathy at long range. The Indian is untutored. Every one knows who knows anything that he has not acqdired the talent to cope with his sharp white neigh- bora, and that it is @ difficult matter with his portunities to become less the almost uni- its is that they are In the wer, ite limited means and self-xustaining. Never form testimony of the all mwhking commendal ; meantime a great nation, wi ite shrewdness and appalling dishonesty, such advantage of their simplicity could bring the ‘blush to the cheeks of Yhe train ‘The teachings of some of the representatives of church denominations among them have been that Christ, the Messiah, will come again, and consequently there has been easy p to the present craze among them. People of the great nations of the world, from the eru- sades, with their cruelty, barbarism and almort incredible fanaticism, have exhibited instances of mental’ aberration in_ this similar matters. And yet, when badly taught remnants of humanity, al itraged beyond endurance, indi they must be made good, that is, exterminated. It isa notable fact that army officers who have had most to do with the Indians,who have been compelled to make war upon them, duce them to subjection, have given testimony in their behalf. Gen. Miles reiterates his state- ment that the main trouble is that the Indian will not starve to death peaceably,echning what has often appeared in formal reports to the War Department. The solution most desirable is not difficult. It is be honest with the Indian, be humane. Let us be true to our nts if it takes the treasury. To this end Cor should ae to out visions . ape tetae peakee cas it. With py fm) humanity, with more schools, each as at Carlisle and Hampton and others on and near reservations, with tience and charity, it will not be long the live Indian will be a good Indian. Jenoue BuaxEr?. ——— 4 FAMOUS DIVORCE SUIT. In the New York court of appeals in the case of Campbell agt. Arbuckle, for breach of promise, the judgment of the lower court has music, intending, it is said, to go upon the concert stage. She met Mr. Arbuckle in 1882. At that time her F E 5 t F ; | | i | HI i 4 ij A tl Te E ¥, i EF fave! Fi 4 i 5 i re it it [ H it i} i England persistent in the utterance of warnings agers which meaaned tho ‘Angiondan eu Sian tear bos Ra PE RRR pes ‘