Evening Star Newspaper, September 20, 1890, Page 12

EE ellie THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D CAN MONKEYS TALK? The Question Gravely Tested at the Smithsonian Institution. A ZOO TALKING MACHINE. Bottling Masic for the Millions by the Phonograph—Curious Process by Which it is Accomplished—The Marine Band Applauding Itself. ————— AN monkeys talk? The question was made a few days ago, 0 a STAR reporter learned the subject of what was Probably the funniest scientific experiment ever conducted by the Snitthsonian Institution. Prof. Garner, one of the honorary curators, had charge of tho test. The conversational power of monkeys has D tor years past been a special hobby of Prof. Garner's, and it oc- @urred to him that it would be a good idea to take down some of their remarks by means of the graphophone. Accord- ingly, he procured a portable instrument and secured the co-operation of about a dozen other men of science attached to that learned estab- lishment in the carrying out of this remarkable ‘cial. It was a great sight to behold the group of eminent doctors and professors gathered in front of the monkey cage at the Zoo in the rear of the Smithsonian building seriously waiting results, while Prof. Garner ground away at the hand graphophone with its crank attachment and the keeper cf the animals poked the monkeys up withastick to make them talk. THE TWO CHATTERERS. “Qne monkey was tame and the other one wild. The wild one could not be induced by the most vigorous poking to maxe any remarks Worth mentioning. An occasional acream of rage wasall that could be elicited from him. ‘The tame monkey did nothing but chatter dnd gibber most unintelligibly, as it seemed to the Test of the audience, but Prof. Garner was in- clined to think that this was really conversation worth taking down, and so he ground away vigorously at his instrument, using up half a dozen cylinders in obtaining the records he de- wired. A big tin horn attached to the grapho- phone was inserted through the door of the monkey cage during the performance. * Prof. Garner was very far from imagining that he would be able to understand this onkey talk when repeated to him by the m: chi » But his notion was to record the re- marks of one monkey and grind them out through the horn for the benefit of the other monkey, so as to observe what sort of responses the sccond one would make. By comparing the original observations and the replies he hoped to get some few clues that would eventually enable him to translate the monkey language. Cnfor- tunately, the wild monkey wouid only scream angrily, and thus the experiment was ia a measure a failure, though the professor is con- vinced that he has obtaied on his cylinders some really useful simian observations. if he could onty tell what they were about. This is, in fact, the only difficulty remaining, and he does not despair. ‘THE MARINE BAND, which may®e called the President's own, in- asmuch as it supplies all the music at the White House, is rendering itself immortal just at present by having its most harmonious strains bottled in large quantities. When the performers in this wonderful band are ali dead and gone people will still be able to hear it play. Every afternoon it gives a concert ina room on E street near 7th, to which no listeners are admitted save five phonographs. ‘The instruments stand in a row on tables and each of them is equipped with en enormous brass horn. In front ot the horns the band dis- courses the loveliest airs in its repertoire, which are thus recorded on wax cylinders im- perishably for the entertainment of people in all parts of the united States, who have simply to ‘con anickel in the slot and listen to the concert. You would be very interested to see the man- ner in which this business of bottling music is carried on. Wizard Edison runs a music-bot- thng factory on an extensive scale at Orange. X. J., where thousands of fresh airs are tarned out on wax every mouth. The companies that handle bis talking and singing machines in Various parts of the country ail do such bot- tling on their own account, each company hav- ing its specialty. For instance. the Washington company is making a specialty just at present of band music, the Kentucky company goes in almost exclusively for negro business—planta- tion dialogues, with banjo solos interspersed, and scenes on the levees—and so with the others. HOW IT Is DONE. While the Marine Band plays into the five great horns an expert manipulates the machines, Each phonograph being supplied with a smooth and fresh cylinder of . wax the expert in charge shouts into each horn separately the title of the piece to be layed. When he has i this the electric motor is turned on again, the cylinders re- volve beneath the re- cording needles, the band starts up at a sig- nal and the music 9 rs into the big - rumpets untli each MAKING MUsic IM- oe cis as full MORTAL. of sound impressions as it can hold. Then the expert holds up his finger and the band comes to a full stop at the end of the next musical phrase. The five full cylin- ders are taken off the instruments and put aside in pasteboard boxes and five more fresh Ones are put on. After the title of the next eco has been shouted into each horn the id starts up again at the signal and the pro- cess is repeated. HOW THE APPLAUSE 18 OBTAIXED. Now and then, if there is a little space left at the end of the cylinders, the band indulges ima wild burst of applause, stamping and shouting in approbation of its own perform- ance. ‘This passes for demonstration by a sup- Positious audience, of course, when one hears the phonograph reproduce it. All the cylinders are tested before being sold. to make eure that they are perfect, about 10 per cent of them being rejected asdefective. Selling at from #1 %0 $2 each, there isa fair profit on them, after the musical performers have been paid. ‘They are hired just as for public playing andat the same rates. The Marine Band makes £10 worth of cylindersevery ten minutes, which mounts up during an afternoon's playing. Quartets and solos are done the same way in the even- ings. The distance at which the players or singers stand from the horns depends upon the Yolume of sound produced. A cornet player doing a solo stands ten feet away, and even thus the notes are apt to be so loud and pierc- ing to the ear, when reproduced by the phono- graph, as tobe positively painful. A quartet stands two feet from the horns, while a solo singer gets as close as possible. Every after- noon a big crowd gathers opposite the E street building to listen to the concert, and the em- loyes of the branch Census Office in the rear We made special request that the phono- gtaph company shall leave its back windows open in order that they may get the benefit of the music. THE DARKEY-SCENE CYLINDERS are rather new thing and are very entertain- ing, many of them. There is one called “Row at « Negro Bail,” in which you hear the fiddle and the banjo, listen to the conversation of the guests, witness the progress of a quarrel over a dusky belle and finally pistol sequent flight i Another scene rep- Fesents a banjo concert in- by cries of “fire!” pany here has a wonderful whistler employed to do whistling solos, All the harp solos come from Iowa, In this way music of all kinds is gathered from every partof the United States. NEW MAIL CYLINDERS. Mr. Edison is now turning out at his New Jersey factory the first batches of the phono- graph cylinders for mailing purposes. Already ordinary phonograph cylinders are sent by post to a considerable extent by people who have machiues ani who like to hear each other's Voices in correspondent But these cylinders of the common sort are large for conven- ience and require several tage stamps each, going necessarily as first-class matter, . other letters, The mailing evlinders, however, are such little things—only about three inches jong by two-thirds of an inch in diameter—that one of them, inclused in its pasteboard case, only takes one two-cent stamp to carry it as far as San Francisco from Washington. e case itself is cylindrical, with a cotton pad at each end. and also at each end a round wooden projection fitting into the end of the cylinder, so that the outside of the latter does-not come into con- tact at all with the interior of the mailing case. Such a mailing case will sorve to carry very many cylinders before it wears out, One of its ends screw on, so that it is something like a bottle. The wizard believes that the most im- portant use of the phonograph in the future will be for epistolary purposes, phonograms being sent by mail instead of letters. Euch of these little mailing cylmders can be peeled, thin as it is, halfa dozen times by the usual attachment of the phonograph for that pur- pose. It costs only 3 cents to bexin with, and you can hardly get note paper for less’ than one-half a cent a sheet, fhe cost of the neces- sary mailing cases will not exceed that of en- velopes in practice. Mr. Edison thinks that eventually all news- papers will be set up by a combination of the phonograph and type-setting machine. Editors will read off into phonographs all the copy brought in, editing the copy as they go along by changing it to suit themselves in the read- ing and by mentioning fhe punctuations marks, the paragraphs and the capital letters. The compositor will put the cylinder with his “take” on another phonograph and, listening to the dictation from the machiue, will translate it directly into type by the keys of the piano-like mechanical typesette HORRORS TEETH. A Ghastly Dental Exhibition That As- tonishes Passers-By. PARTICULARLY ghastly advertisement that has attracted much attention lately is an as- semblage of human skulls and other ana- tomical horrors in a glass case in front of a Washington dentist's of- fice. Most prominently displayed is a skull that is coated with a silver Sa S solution. sous to render ita shining object, the eye sockets being touched up with the same solution colored green, and the generally grisly effect being heightened by the introduction into the jaws of a full set of actual false teeth with pink celluloid gums, People pause to look at it in crowds and say, “How horrible!” Bat the dentist, who makes the pulling of teeth a specialty, is proud of this work of art and declares that it attracts custom. This particular dentist isa remarkable man in some ways, He says that he pulls an aver- age of 100 teeth a day and has the most expen- sive dental plant in the country. Many more things, it would seem, enter into the make up of a dental plant than formerly. For example, this operator wears during business hours some of the most conspicuous diamonds in Washing- ton. In the center of his low-cut shirt front there glitters a cluster of diamonds as large as a silver half dollar, A sensitive paticut is likely, in looking upon this brilliant object, to become at least partially hypnotized, as it were, so as not to feel very much the yank of the forceps. Lest, however, this should prove in- sufficient, the dentist has for sleeve buttons two solitaire diamonds, each of them as big as a hazel nut. There is nothing that succeeds in this world like palpabie prosperity. Gentle- men in the negro minstrel business find it a necessary part of their occupation to wear dia- monds and conspicuous clothes; why should it not be the same with drawers ef teeth. THE SKULL OF A RICH MAN, “That skull,” he said, referr.ng to the object in the glass case, “once belonged toa very rich man. That is one reason why I con- sider 1¢ so valuable. How dol know? Very simply. Some months agoa friend of mine was digging up a graveyard in Leavenworth, Kan. Le owned the graveyard and no one dis- puted his ownership of the corpses buried in it, because the cemetery had been disused for twenty- People who have been dead twent y are not usually looked out for very anxiously by their surviving relatives, My’ friend. iu the process of digging. came across & casket of metal. Now, twenty-five years ago none but very rich people were bur- jedin ietal coitins. Therefore { kuow that this must have-been a rich man and so I got his skull. [am sure that he would be proud to see himeelf now, so beantifally preserved and sil- ver-plated regardless of expense, in my show case, not tomention the fuil set of extra- super molars and incisors with which I have provided him. His own teeth, I may remark, were extremely bad and suffering tor lack of professional attention. Denusts iu those days were not what they are now. A PERFECT SKULL. “Doubtless you observed among the other skulls in the case the beautiful specimen from Paris, for which I paid @100. Paris, you are presumably aware, is the great exporting point for skulls. There are two establishments in that city which devote their entire attention to the preparing of human skulls for the market. Unfortunately a perfect skull is a vury rare thing indeed. Only one such as is exhibited in my case is found in ten thousund speciinens, You may perhaps have noticed that all the teeth are absolutely perfect. 1t is the skull of aman thirty-five years of age—the silvered one is that of an old gentleman—and you must re- alize how, in this age of inferior teeth, very few persons arrive at that age with their chew- ing equipment unimpaired, You may also see in the glass case the skull of an eightcen months child, with the nerves of the teeth and their connection preserved entire. I am sure you will find interesting the enlarged model also shown of the human jaws, with tho nerves ex- hibited, illustrating so perfectly just why you are hurt whem you have the toothache, or when you are operated upon with the instru- ments, “Though I guarantee to draw teeth pain- lessly, Luse for the purpose ammomiated ar instead of nitrous oxide gas, which has killed several people in the dental chair, though the facts have been hushéd up. I have the biggest tank of anwsthetic material in the United States. Aisol keep constantly on tap an un- limited supply of niusic in this box, which is a brand new invention called the “Symphonium,” capable of playing 10,000 different airs, You see, itis something like @ music box, but in- stead of a roller with needles, which would only produce a few tunes, I have stacks of these flat, round tin piates with little stickers all over them. Each plate put in the box plays four pieces and I cun change the tune as often as 1 choose to replace one plato with anothor,” Wanted to Scare Sarah, From the Detroit Free Press, ‘The balloonist at the exposition had a call yos- terday from a young man wearing a linen dus- ter and having his trousers tucked into his boots. He wanted to take the balloon man’s place and make an ascension. “In the profesh?” was asked, ‘Well, what do you expect to do?” on up about @ mile and then let go and fall rchug. “And be mashed to a pulp.” “That's just it. I reckon there enough lett of me to “1 can’t see your would be grease @ wagon.” “Well, I've got tno Ts th first place the e 5 e — give me but $2 tocome here, in the n me the chake pi mpage «cob eniar in the depar! GO0D-BYE TO BOLIVIA. The Trials of Travelers in South America. LA PAZ TO LAKE TITICACA. a Journeying Among the Andes in & if Wheeled Carriage — Royal Heads ay Monuments to the Incas— System of Posts, — From Tux Stan's Traveling Commissioner. On tHe Wrxo, July 23. HE TIME has come to leave this re- mote republic and seek the world once more. There is no way out of it but that by which the early Spaniards came, up, by zig zag windings, from the sequestered valley of La Paz to the Andean plateau and thence, following the old highway of the incasamong the mountains, to Lake ‘Yiticaca, Small steamers ply between Chililaya, @ village on the Bolivian border of the lake, and Puno, on the Peruvian side. Chililaya is fifty-six miles from La Paz and a diligencia runs between, making the round trip only once a week, timed so as to meet the regular arrival and departure of the steamers. The diligencia is «lumbering coach of the oldest “Concord” pattern, resembling an ark more than a car- riage, with four seats inside of it and several perches on top, which by tight squeezing can e made to accommodate (7) frem fifteen to twenty passengers, The fare one way is 5 for each person. ‘This, however, does not include luggage, all of which must be sent the day be- fore to tlie coach office, where it i uly weighed and charged for at an average of 3 per hundred pounds and is then sent on ahead in freight wagons, when it is not forgotten. CARE OF BAGGAGE, Everywhere in South America, and especially in these parts, tho tourist will do well to keep a sharp eye on his own baggage, or the chauces are about ten to one that it may be lett behind. If no trunks are to be found when you are ready to sail across the lake there will be profuse apologis on the part of the bowers ghat be and no end of assurances that the missing articles shall at once be forwarded to your address, But don't you believe a word of it, though the promises are probably made with the best intentions, ‘There being no check system thore is no way of identifying stray bags and boxes and the employes are much too carcless to be trusted. At uny rateagreat many things disappear somehow on this short journey as inysteriously and completely as though the earth had opened and swallowed them, Though the start is made promptly at 7 o'clock, u very early hour in this country, the accommodating officials will not send the coach to your door, and there- fore the mountain must go to Mahomet, De- spite the absence of breakfast (which you could not possibly procure anywhere in Spanish America before 10:30 a. storms, cold, sirroche, or whatsoever may betide, you must hurry on foot up and down the steep and stony streets to the diligencia office, which is fully three-quarters of 4 mile from 'tho hotela THE TILLBURY. Besides the stage thore is another vehicle that may be hired for private use, if one’s long enough, It is called a “Till- from the name of the English manu- tacturer and is an odd cross between # double phuetou and a Black Maria. A day's use of it costs anywhere between €30 and $100, according to the mood of the owner and the ies of the occasion. If your at—such, for instance, as having to convey an invalid who could not posssi- bly endure the crowded couch—the high- est price will invariably be charged; but if you are careful to display no eagerness and are only a travel-stained pilgrim with no indications of wealth about you, you may get the Tillbury for #30. It is a two-seated vehicle and only four persons, including the driver, are permitted to ride un- der any circumstances; therefore if your party numbers three $10 apiece is not so bad, espe- cially as the carriage will come to your door and its driver will contorm somewhat to your direc- tions in the matter of going fast or slow and the length of stops, Think of being whirled over the Andes sitting at ease in a carriage! We have crossed and recrossed these mighty mountains in many places, generally on mule- back over perilous trails, and I am glad to tell you that though grand ‘and picturesque from any point of view the Andes can nowhere be seen with greater satisfaction than right here on the easy road between La Puz and Chililaya, ON THE ROAD, Tho first three miles out of the valley the road is iike a corkscrew, winding higher and higher by so sharp an ascent that frequent stops must be made in order to allow the pant- ing animals time to recover breath, though eight horses are to the coach and six to the ‘Tulbury. When the platean is roached at last the view spread out beneath is more magnifi- cent than tongue or pen can adequately de- scribe, and one might travel the world over without finding its superior. More than 1.500 feet below lies La Paz in its narrow gorge, but from this aerial Reece nothing of it is vi bat an apparently flat surface of red-tiled roofs, pierced here and there by trees and church towers and curling columns of smoke. On every hand there are hills on hills, crowdin close upon the town, and beyond rise the jagge pped cordilleras. it is now nearly 9 o'clock and the mists of moruing are rapidly rising. As we look the view is sud~ denly shut off eo that the zigzag road up which we came seems to drop into a sea of ae And thus we bid adios to the “City of eace,” THIS VAST ANDEAN PLAIN, of which Lake Titicaca is supposed to be a part, lies at a mean elevation of 13,000 feet, and is 180 leagues long by 35 leagues wide— a Bolivian league being nearly three miles and o half. instead of three miles according to the measurement of North America, ‘The broad road is excellent, though not even drained, being neither wet nor dusty, and hard asif macadamized, Part of it leads along the ancient highway of the incas, a wonderful work, which still endures in good condition, though constructed nearly eight hundred years ago. Perhaps the best monuments left by those people of the past are their caminos reales, or “royal roads,” which extended from Cuzco, the capital, to the remotest parts of their empire. Que of them led to the sea and the other, which is followed to La Paz, ran along the crest of these cordilloras, the combined length of both with their branches being about four thou- and miles. Says a recent writer: “In contemplating them we know not which to ad- mire most, the scope of their projectors, the power and constancy of the incas who carried them to completion or the patience of the peo- plo who constructed them under all the obsta- cles resulting from the topography of the country and from an imperfect means of exe- cution. They built these roads in deserts, among moving sands reflecting the fierce rays of a tropical sun; they broke down rocks,graded precipices, leveled hills and filled up valleys, without the assistance of powder or instruments of iron; they crossed lakes, marshes and rivers, and without the aid of the peer followed direct courses in forests of eternal shade. They did, in short, what even now, with all of mod- ern knowledge and means of action, would be worthy of the most powerful nations on tho globe.” UP MOUNTAINS AND OVER MOORS, In ascending mountains too steep to admit of grading broad steps were cut into the solid rocks, while the ravines and hollows were filled with heavy roads” were from eighteen rubs, “royal to twenty-five feet wide and paved with immene blocks of stone. At regu! tambos were erected for the accommodation of travelers, Where rivers wore to be crossed were constructed down from the the skill of modern of twisted rawhide thing after hea on otttneee yt some! 1e af 1e ie sion bridge at Niagara. Poles were lashed across trausversely,covered with branches, and these were covered with earth and stones so as to forms solid floor. A kind of wicker le by extending c i i g BF i i i Hy 23 v formed by ranners stoned buildings ted at easy distances all the princi Many of thoes podes woe amtbe seen, and asa f it these runners were swift, though course was often rugged. it is fresh the used tobe one ‘on seacoast, to perdi the inea the next day in Cuzco, more than three hundred erat gtiing messengers were especially trained for ser- vice, and wore a dickinetive uniform. Each had hia allotted station, between which and the next it was his duty to speed along at a certain ory: and when near the station at which he ad to transmit the dispatch or parcel to next courier, he had to give a signal of his ap- | eee 80 that the other who was to c: it ‘ther might be in complete readiness an: time be lost. In these respects the old times must have been an improvement on the present, for letters aro pa pred lost in the tal service of today. and dispatches fine rom one part of Bolivia to another are liable to be rendered useless by long delay. A few ‘oer ago, when the government ex- tended the Inca road beyond La Paz in the di- rection of Obrajes, the work was begun with religious coremonics, presided over by the bishop, assisted by the priests, the president, the diplomatic corps and other prominent per- sonages. In cutting through a hill close to the city the workmen came upon a number of crushed and buried houses, skeletons, house- hold utensils, &c., doubtiess the work of an earthquake at some forgotten period, THE INDIANS, Along this wonderful mountain highway the degenerate descendants of those who built it are everywhere to be seen, with faces which, in shape and feature, closely resemble those on the ancient water jars dug from the tombs, It is always cold at this altitude, and the Indians have a queer way of warming themselves by piling ail available covering upon their heads, jeaving the lower extremities entirely bare. Though nature has provided each with a heavy shock of coarse hair like a mane, he draws @ knitted cap tightly over his head and ears and puts a folued blanket on top of that. Both men and women perambnlate the earth with naked feet, the former with legs also much exposed to the weather, their short black trousers slit up above the knee and the loose cotton drawers flapping like patent fans when the wearer walks, Their adobe huts, brown, solemn and expressionless, seem off the same piece as the browu, silent and solemn owners, who, culti- vating their poor farms, driving their llamas or sitting by the wayside with eyes fixed upon vacancy, do not deign to bestow a passing glance upon the traveler. THE cnors, Alternating with acres of stones are fields of barley, now yellow and ready for cutting, though at this altitude the stalks are headless. Other fields, freshly planted or just being plowed, are covered with.clouds of blackbirds, industriously searching for worms and seeds. Women and children are digging potatoes tha! resemble chestnuts in size and color. There is considerable suow in places between the potato hills, but as those tiny bulbs are all to be frozen before being considered fit to cat, an extra frostbiting will not make much difference. Somewhere toward noon we stop at « wayside tambo for breaktast, an adobe casa of comfort- able size, the corral for mules and cattle in front, all inclosed, like a fort, within walls of adobe as high as the house. There are no chairs in the inn, but boxes turned up on end, with planks Iaid across, serve well cnough for seats. The floor of the eating. room is only mother earth, undisguised and unadorned; the wall, close overhead, is a thatch of clean straw, and the plank table is covered with a strip of coarse sheeting; but, what is most to the point for hungry travelers who have been riding five hours in the chilly weather on nothing but a cup of coffee, the byeakfust is much better than might be expected. It consists of cabbage soup, hot though watery; beof, for which den- tists ought to pay a premium, with fried eggs |on top; butterless bread, a trifle sour, and coffee: cach dish served with ceremony in sepa- rate courses to the tune of a dollar a head. Dis- played for sale, on shelves around the di room walls, are tin cans of salmon, pickles, &c., and bottles of native beer. cognac and other hquors for the benefit of those who are willing to pay about ten prices for inferior articles, TOWARD TITICACA, At this typical tambo the horses are changed; and after half an hour's rest we again tuck our biankets about us and go bowling along toward ‘Titicaca, On one side the mountains follow us all the way, a near-by wall of snowy peaks, their tops piercing the clouds. Midway be- tween lilimani and Soratto, those stupendous sentinels that stand one at each end of this journey, rises Potosi, co famous in the past for ite silver mines, whose lesser height attains sbmething over 21,000 feet. It is said that the marvelous richness of Potosi was first discov- ered by an accident. Early in the sixteenth century an Indian named Diego Icualca was chasing a vicuna on the mountain side when, happening to slip on the steep ascent, he seized hold of a shrub to steady himself. The bush tore loose from the ground, and what was the Indian’s amazement to see a quantity of pure silver clinging toits roots. Knowing the rapacity of the Spaniards, who had already possessed themselves of the country and were searching it for treasure, he determined to keep his find a secret. Unfortunately, how- ever, ho had one confidant, a slave, who be- trayed him. So the mine very soon became public property, and though during the next three centuries more than $2,904,690,000 were taken out of it neither Diego nor his descend- ants realized a penny of that prodigious amount. That the modern Indians are not guilty of tho indiscretion of telling their se- crets may be inferred from the comparatively recent case of Senora Poso, who lives near the foot of Potosi, and a faithful peon whom she had_ befriended. ah to show his grati- tude to his benefactrexs he revealed to her the fact, long known among all the Indians of the neighborhood, but zealously kept to them- selves, that on a remote part of her estate was a gold mine, of whose existence she had never heard. While on the way thereto, accom- panied by the senora and her agent, the In- dian suddenly fell dead at their feet, shot through the heart by an unknown hand, IN THE VILLAGE. Abont ¢ p.m. thie stage of our journey is concluded by the arrival at Chililaya, as deso- late and uninviting a village as one can readily find. Its principal street, straggling f distance along the lake, is exposed to the chi winds that constantly sweep that highest navi- gable body of water on the globe and colder irs blown from the Amdean snow fields on the other side, ‘The place is important only as the western terminus of the Titicaca steamers that connect with the railway running across Peru to the sea, There is a hotel in tho village, but the tourist is advised not to brave its terrors if there is a other alternative. The little steamer will be lying at the wharf when the diligencia arrives, and although she sometimes does not sail until next morning, one can go directly on board after the luggage has been identified and passed through the custom house, One incident only lingers in my memory con- nected with the few hours’ stay in Chililaya. We were invited to the house of a hospitable German, where luncheon was served. in course of which the host inquired of one of our party where the ladies were going. “All over South America,” was the reply. “They are traveling for pleasure.” “Mein Gott in himmei!” ejaculated the as- tonished Teuton, lifting his oyes and hands heavenward, ‘‘Irabbling for bicasure and in Bo-lee-fia!” Faxnte B, Warp, —._—_ A Uaby’s Boot and a Skein of Wool. A baby’s boot and a skein of wool, Faded and soiled and soft— Odd things, you say; and no doubt und # sexman’s neck this stormy Up in the yards aloft, Most like It’s folly; but, mate, look here; When first I went to sea, A woman stood on the far-off strand, ‘With a wedding ring on the small soft hand Which clung 80 close to me. My wife, God bless her! The day before She sat beside ey, foot; And the sunlight kissed her yellow hair, And the dainty fingers deft and fair Knitted a baby’s boot, ‘The voyage was o'er; I came eens ch ales eat ati wat, rave the A cottage empty and dark as nigh: And this the chair, = ‘The little boot ‘twas unfinished still; ‘the tangled skein lay near; Wire ba tetera tag, yas Down in the ehuren yerd ‘Grvar. —Cussel’s Magazine, ———-+oe. Three Varieties. ae New York World. low many were at your hotel?” asked one Jersey ‘1 of another as met after their pile Eich iy af “Well,” was the reply, “I never counted them. but I should ‘ tnd d ould say, counting men, women you're it night, ge were two hundred and NEW YORK NOTES, Political and Financial Matters Being Talked About. THE TAMMANY AND COUNTY DEMOCRACY PLAXS— THE RECEXT SQUEEZE OX WALL STREET— FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS COMIXO—A BOOM. From Tum Stan's Special Correspondent. New York, Sept. 18 Local politics are beginning to be very brisk and interesting. Tammany people are show- ing a wish to run Grant again, but it will be a risky experiment, The opposition is uniting, id, of course, if a sincere coalition is made many hasno chance. I understand that Mr. Grace can have the opposition nomination if he cares to take it. He is one of the shrew: est politicians in the country. He has already beaten Grant once, and it is the opinion of a good many politicians that he can do so again. He really aims higher than the mayorilty, but ho might take that as a step to the Senatorehip or the governorship, to which he aspires, He would get the support of the County Democ- racy, of the Citizens’ League, and probably of the republican machine. Ex-Senator Platt is thoroughly estranged from Tammany. because of the bad faith which that organization kept with him in the last legislature. On this ae- count the long-time secret alliance between the two machines is broken, and Platt will join forces with any good democrat to upset the prevent masters of the city. The religious league, engineered by Mr. Teal daily show- ing a greater voting strength, and is beginning to receive that respect which follows actual power at the polls, THE WALL STREET SQUEEZE. The pinch in money which characterized the early part of the week has disappeared under the liberal policy of the treasurer. No doubt to some extent the stringency was artificiel. There are a large number of very respectable old gentlemen who, in the line of business, think it no wrong to squeeze their neighbors for a few extra per cent interest. Que of the tokens of hard times in Wall strect is the ap- pearance of a number of eiegant looking old gentlemen, who might come down from the family portraits on the wall so far as their venerable and benevolent appearance goes, but who are very much alive, and who always put in their appearance during a pinch in cash, These shrewd old gentlemen study the market closely and keep on hand a large amount of cash, which they loan on strictly food security when “The Street” is ard up. At times during the week money has ruled at. from 150 to 200 per cent a year, and this on first-cluss security, Of course if a venerable financier can put in a few days’ work at these rates it is better than hold- ing government bonds. These stormy petrels have now gathered up their winnings and left the street, which is one of the best auguries that times’ are to be easier. The general un- derstanding is that Congress will extend the time in which goods stored in bonded ware houses before the Ist of Angust may be taken out without added duty to the Ist of February. This will help matters very much, although the importers are keeping the cable hot with orders for new goods to come im before the Ist of Oc- tober, and this may cause another urgent cail for mouey about that time, in which case the anxieties of the week may be renewed. THE HOME SIDE OF THE CHINESE WALI. Tho news is published this week that Louis Hermedorf, the great Suxon dyer, is soon to visit this country to start a branch establish- ment here. The probable location will be in Philadelphia, Hermsdorf 1s the Krupp of the textile world, and this move on his part is of as much in:portance to all the clothing trades as the naturalization of the great cannon maker in this country wonid be to our militery ele- ment. Hermsdorf’s career is one of the mira- cles of this industrial age. ‘The son of a poor Saxon clergyman, he developed by his own genius into the leading dyer of the world. His establishment at Chomuitz 1s noir one of the boasts of that great center of the hosiery trade. while his home is perhaps the most splendid of any German citizen and rivals most of the pal- aces of Europe. At the same time Mr. Herms- dorf retains the charming domestic simplicity of the trne German. His visit to this country will be eagerly expected by the large textile interests and will make quite. as much of a stir as the recent settle- ment of Spreckles, the suger refiner, in Phila- delphia, In connection with this movement I might speak of the recent establishment here of a branch dry goods mill connected with the French firm of Wysong & Co. The plans con- template the largest dress goods mill in the country if not in the world. I understand also that a number of other large French. manu- facturers are to establish manufacturing plants in this country to develop their business here, ‘This movement by foreign capital has been stimulated in some cases, though I understand not in the case of Mr. Hermsdorf, by the new tariff, as in certain important lines of goods the bill gives the domestic manufacturer a vital advantage. Seeing they cannot climb over the Chinese wall with their manufactured goods ina pack on their backs, the foreign ber peer poe intend to settle down on the home side of the wall and be good Americans like the rest of us, NEW YORK'S IMPERFECT CENSUS, From all appearances Superintendent Porter has really madea pretty bad break with the census in this city. without falling into the absurd clamor that is raised in some quarters against the accuracy and the good faith of the bureau. In the sam- ps ward taken for review, the error appears to e 30 per cent, which is too serious a discrep- ancy to be pooh-poohed away. Moreover the second census was taken with great caro by ex- perienced men. The weak point in the gov- ernment's case is the fact that its eration was taken to some extent under t! pices of the republican ward politicians, Mr. Porter made # grave mistake by allowing politics to enter and vitiate the official statistics by re- questing the co-operation of these ck poli- ticians, The heulth officers are now going to tackle some of the other wards, and if the ratio oferror is anywhere near maintained it will turn out a very serieus business for the bureau, THE BUSINESS BOOM, I never saw the down-town streets se blocked up by goods as they arenow. Possibly it may be that a large amount was kept under cover un- til after the long-contin rains, but what- ever the reason, the exhibit all along Broad- way and in some of thé side streets on Thurs- day has been phenomenal, A veteran in the dry goods business told me he had never seen anything like it in his life. People grumble about the streets being obstructed, but it means millions to the city and very few would care to have the elbowroom that would represent stagnation. I find that it is the universal testi- mony among merchants that there has not been such a brisk demand from consumers all over the country in — years. Stocks have run down in anticipation of changes in the tariff until the counters and shelves of re- tail merchants all over the country are bare and buyers are fairly fighting for goods. This is true of the wholesalers not merely in New York, but in Boston, Chicago and other great Jobbing centers. Advices from a are thatthe merchants there cannot fin a enough to send goods here. Saturday will the lust day when shipments can be safely made to anticipate the new tariff, provided Oc- tober 1 stands as the date, The general feeling is, however, that it will be physically impos- sible to put the tariff in force much, if any, before the middle of the month. Heyay R, Exxior, een A Wonderful Invention. From the Brooklyn Eacle, A man éeated himself in a shady nook of Central Park a few afternoons ago for a com- fortable half hour with his favorite magazine, the latest number of which he had but just purchased, Much to his annoyance he found that he had taken an uncut copy, and, having no pocket knife or other paper cutter, he es- hung in shreds, and in som: oupeto match the pieces printed matter. One can go as far as this | Written for Tae Evextxo Stan. DIGNIFIED COACHMEN. Something About Albert Hawkins, the Driver for Many Presidents THE HAPPY DAs OF FOUR-IN-HAXD—#OME SWELL TURNOUTS AXD THE MEN WHO MAXAGE THEN— COACHMEN AFTER THE ENGLISH STYLE—CosT OF KEEPING aN OUTFIT. LBERT HAWKINS, coachman to the President, has resigned. There were few more important characters in the eyes of the multitude than he. ‘When the band played and the crowd yelled, because the President of the United states was riding to the White House on in- auguration day, how many people were there that looked upon the President's face without subsequently taking a good look at the man who was driving him? If his position was less important than the President's, it was, at least, more conspicuous, for he sat higher up in the air. Butall this glory was to Albert an old story. Gen. Grant, Mr, Hayes, Gen. Garfield, Mr. Cleveland, Gen. Harrison—he held the ribbons over the horses that drew each one of them in proud procession to and from the Capitol. His face is as familiar to the residents of Washing- ton as the face of any Senator, more familiar, an fact, than the faces ot most Senators. A HAPPY TIME. There was a happy time for Albert when he drove four horses as an ordinary thing, but now he performs this feat only upon state oc- casions, We become more and more demo- cratic every day, It was not considered bad taste for Gen. Grant to ride behind four horses and he constantly did so, and in those days it was the customary way for the Presi- dent to go about, but Hayes didn't like it and 80 the custom lapsed for four years and was only fitfully revived by President Arthur. That the latter preferred to drive that way was evident, for in the summer, when there was nobody in town to raise objection, he fre- quently took an airing behind the four high- stepping bays he owned. i Albvert is black. In the good old times in Washington nearly all the coachmen were black, and if there is anything finer to gaze upon than abig black coachman in an old- fashioned family livery it has yet to make its appearance. He knew bis importance and he joried in it. There a good many of them left, Fut the white man ts fast taking the colored coachman’s place. John R, McLean still sticks to them, and two gentiemen as black as the ace of spades, in livery of drab and low. attend tq the naviga- tion of his yellow-wheeled barouche. The Japancse legation, too, that has for so long had the handsomest carriage in the diplo- matic corps, delights in the possession of a slim, but stately colored coachman, who bas a pair of whiskers through which the wind may gently blow. He is proud of these whiskers and justly so, for any man might envy them. Then there is that brace of dusky birds that perch upon the box of a carriage belonging to & prominent private citizen here, They look like twins, They are old as crows and gray, and sedate, and dignified. They hold them- selves erect, they look proud, but it is the pride of conscious worth and there is no vul- gar glancing among the common herd, who walk for their approbation. They wear a_liv- ery of dark blue, with yellow facings. They drive one of those giorious old glass coaches, full of plate glass wincows, painted claret color, and hung upon leather hinges, and with dark red running gear. ‘Lhe whole thing (as the negro chimney sweep said of his loud yeil of “Chimancy-oh-ob-0-0,") “creates respec’ as it goes along.” HE WON'T DRIVE FAST. There is another one that isa fine old boy, too. He drives the coupe of a distinguished army officer. Jove! how important he looks as he moves soberly along with that stout old family nag. No fast driving for him! Leave that to these smooth-faced foreigners! “Boss,” says he,“"I'se done gone driv dat ole hoss ever sense he war a coit, an’ I ain't never driv him fast, an’ ef de gen'ral he want de horse driv ast'in he ole age I ain't gwine ter do it, dat’s ho sacrifices some degree of es “de ole hoss.” There are some old white coachmen that are fine on the box also, and several can be seen during the season that would look extremeiy like Senators if it were not that they resemble more closely the judges of the Supreme Court, COACHMEN OF TODAY. But these types are practically things of the past. The swell coachmen and footmen of the present day are white and middle-aged, Here are.an ideal pair: The coachman, big and burly, short side whiskers cropped close, crect, with whip in hand and driving rapidiy—an extra- high seat makes him taller on the box than the footman, although on the ground they are of equal height—such is the English coachman that our rich residents have, or try to have, and they mate him with a tall, slim, smooth- faced fellow who is nimble in getting up nnd down and understands how to open carriage doors gracefully and to close them rapidiy with a bang. Hammond has a good coachman and footman, and he possesses some of the hand- somest traps here. His favorite one is a large victoria. hung high and having a very lofty box. The livery is blue with silver buttons, and black cockades ornament their silk hate. When they don’t wear their top-coats they sit on them, and they are so folded that the double row of buttons is visible to the occupunts of the carriage. This is the regulation way. Senator Stanford of California, Represent- ative Hittof Illinow and the Postmaster Gen- eral have probably the finest carriages in Wash- ington, COST OF KEEPING A FINE TURNOUT. Now, suppose you want to set up a carriage, how much would it cost you? A pair of showy carriage horses cannot possibly be bought for less than $600. This isthe cheapest. A span of really stylish high steppers would be worth from $1,000 to $1,500, In buying your carriage you can be modest and buy a good coupe for $1,000, or you can spend a little money and get a fine landau for @2,400. You can get a good double harness, silver mounted, not too he: or ostentatious, for €150. You mus} have a carriage whip with s wooden handle and a long lash, and this will cost you $12. You cannot possibly get along with less than three pairs of blankets for the horses, a pair of day blankets with your initials in the corners, costing about €14, a pair of little street blankets for about the same price, and the night blankets, which are cheap and need not be taken into consideration. If you want to do the thing properly you can geta pair of leather-back blunkets, with your mono- gram in silver in the corners, and you can pay about $40 for them. The lowest possible cost of your outfit will be 2,000, but it will come nearer to €4,000. Then you must pay your coachman, if he is one of the best, $60 month and your footman $35. Altogether you will find on investigation *hat you had better stick to the street car or hire a hack. —_. Caring for the Lamp. From the Boston Advertiser. With the return of the lamp to fashionable society has come, in some of the great cities, a new occupation for intelligent women. The average servant does not understand the man- agement of the beautiful and somewhat intri- cate lamps which are now seen jn every well- farnished house. She will break the elegantl; decorated globe or bedaub with oil the deli cate silk shade. She will spoil the thread by wrenching with} her ae Ste a it in a wic! small an ex) Fon or will crowd in a wick too large and clog leave undone much that should be done. this trouble has given place to the professional who knows and appreciates the artistic erties or chs sbegaat jamp and cares for it as it should be cared for. She cases, is obliged occupa- tion for a livelihood. contracts with pri- vate families to care for their parlor lamps by. the wenk oF by the month, and te comes daly, meoscny: Soaaete HOW FINE CANDIES ARE MADE. Some Hints About the Methods of M facturing Sugar Plums. IGHTY fow of the can- dies people make at home are good to ent,” said a wholesale con- fectioner to a writer for. Tas Stan the other day. “And yet there is & certain sort of candy, seldom attempted, that may be manufactured at home just as well as we can do it—fruite glaces,I mean, Dealers 4 in confectionery charge big prices for them. chiefly because they are so | Yery perishable, I think you will admit that no candies are more delcious, If it was real- ized how very eaxy they are to turn out.every one would make them on the kitchen range. All you have to do isto boil a mixture of sugar | and water on a good hot fire, taking two cup- fulsof granulated sugar to a little less than one ful of cold water. Stir it up thoroughly fore putting it on the fire, but do not stir it at ail afterward. Let it boil until a spoonful of it dropped ito « glass of cold water becomes at once so brittle as to break like so much glass, Where comes iu the important pomt; if you do not follow this instruction literally the result will be f ure. When the mixiure exhibits this aymptom take it off the fire and pour it into cups or little bowls which have been previously heated in the oven. Drop your Mal Tokay grapes, your nuts or fi oranges into hot sirap, one at atime, fishin | them out as quickly as possible with forks amt | laying them upon buttered tin pans. Do not have the butter too thick, else the candics will | taste of it, When the sirup begins to be sugary throw itaway. Put the candics on the tin pans into the refrigerator, on the ice, or in j the open air if it is winter, until they are cold, when they are ready to eat. Any one cam make fruits glaces in this way wituin twentye five minutes, including the ng of the sugar and water, and they are bettcr than those you buy at the confectioners’, because they are tore fresh and crispy CARAMELS AND SUOAR PLUM, “Ihave never known people to make first- rate caramels at home, though they are £0 usu ally tried. One very essential quality they lack of chocolate, glucose, va and cream from milk, which is poured into a wide «hallow trough, after boiling, with a marble bottom to cool it, after which it is chopped up inte squares. Other sorts of caramels are prepared in like manner of different matorials according to the flavor desired. “The basis of nearly all sugar plums is just such a mixture as I have told you should t prepared for fruit glace. ° slowly cooked in steam-jacke through the medium of ste ture ri gular trough with a marble slab for a bottom for cooliug. Then | workmen with long-hendled wooden scoops stir it up until it os transformed from a thick trans- lucent jelly into a white substauce resemb! plaster ot paris half hardened. ts plaster of paris is taken from the trough « poured into big round tubs to season for a month or more. The date of cooking is marked npou each tub and the foreman i chége knows when to use it. a USING THE CREAM. “When the confectioner is rendy to use this ‘cream,’ as it is called. he heats a quantity of it to a fluid state in jug with a dozen spouts. | Meanwhile he has preprred a number of | shallow wooden boxes fililec with snowy white potato starch and mcrihed cH cleanly at the | top. Upon the surface of those boxes wooden slabs, encrusted with kacbs of \arious shapos, are laid, with the knobby sides down, so as to The make in the starch corresponCing holes. said holes are in rows of enya doz: which are destined torerve as molds. operator with dexterous hand passes the many mouthed pitcher over the molds. filliug theta arowatatime, When a boxful is completed, it is put away to cool and harden imaily the contents of the box, potato starc dd all, are dumped intoa big sieve and xhaken. The starch disappears through the wire network, Jeaving behind the sugar drop, made in all sorts of shapes, It should have been men- tioned that while tue original mixture was be- ing stirred up in the trough with the wooden Scoops a certain proportion of some flavoring was poured in. TRE FINISHING TOUCHES, “The sugar drops thus prepared are assorted, Placed on trays and conveyed to avothor de- partment where they are distributed among a rumber of girls sented at long tables. Exch young woman has before her a rectangular Piece of tin, with asheet of waxed paper spread over it. At her left is a pile of cream drops on a wooden board, while at her right hand isa little glass pot with a steam jacket, in which « small quantity of ‘cream,’ of one color or an other, is kept liquid.’ The girl, with deft fingers, throws the drops one at a time into the pot, fishing them out again in rapid succession with a little pair of tongs and laying them on the waxed paper in rows. For ali chocolate sugar plums slabs of fine chocolate with plenty of vanilla and sugar in it are broken into hunks and melted in copper kettles, where it is stirred with paddies until perfectly smooth, In condition it is poured upon marbie tables, where girls rub in the soft and muddy mass of it the cream drops, nuts, nougat scraps, &c., which are to be couted. OTHER CANDIES, “ ‘Jellies’ are made from the pulps of various fruits boiied in sugar and molded into shapes to represent grapes, plums and soon. All of them are imported from France. Marshmallows are composed of whites of eggs, gelatine and sugar, with a flavoring of vanilin and orange- flower water. The business of making flavor- ing for candies is quite an extensive one. Va- nilla is prepared by stceping the chopped-up beans ii irits of wine for three months, after which the liquor is strained off and serves as anextract. For other flavors sirups are pre- pared from the fresh juices of fruits, thougn in making the cheaper grades of candy the in- tense essential oils are employed. Such colors as are used for tinting sugar plums are all man- ufactured from vegetable substances and put up in jars under the supervision of the Frencb government.” Written for Tie Evexrxo Star. Barney of Bladensburg. O’er Bladensburg’s blood-fowing runs Upon the wooded height, Brave Barney met the British guns In flerce and steadfast fight, And kept the field before the ioe ‘Throughout the desperate fray Koss and his redcoats massed below From their fleet in Chesapeake Bay. First Barney his flotilla led Against the British ships, ‘The starry flag above his head, Defiance on his lips; And next he left his boats alone To thwart victorious Ross, Who after burning Washington Fell back with paltry loss. Honor to Barney and his band, Our hero of the wave, ‘Who saved the day in Maryland ‘With his ranks of farmers bravey And on the river fought the feet ‘With his plucky fisher crew, ‘Then showed an army in retreat What a salt ashore could do. ‘That saflor gallant to the core And soldier staunch as steel ‘Taught enemies on sea and shore To rue & patriot’s zeal; Patuxent’s lusty broadsides rang And Bladensburg’s hot feld A sailor-svldier's glory sang ‘While with wounds the hero reeled. ‘Thank heaven he lived to feel the tide ‘That o'er the nation flowed,