Evening Star Newspaper, April 26, 1890, Page 9

THE ELECTRIC DEATH Arrangements for Kemmler’s Execu- tion at Auburn Prison. _ HOW OTHER NATIONS DO IT. > - ‘The Guiitotine, the Garrotte European fastruments of Death ecutions in China— Methods o: ing the Death Penaity Among Bar- barous Peoples. — ITH the execution of Joseph Kemm- ler, the convicted murderer, at An- burn prison next week, a new era in capital punishment begins. The electrical contrivance by means of @hich Kemmler will executed was con- structed under the supervision of Harold P. Brown, engineer of Ne The machines are Westinghouse dy the current to be used is known as the alter- nating current, which comes in pulsating waves, and which recent experiments demon- strated to be the most deadly of gil currents. be electrical ELECTRICAL DEATH CHATR. The “death chair” is constructed on the model of an invalid’s reclining chair. This chair. with the necessary apparatus. have been placed in a cell to which Kemmler will be conducted on the morning of the execution. Betore seating him in the chair the guards will fasten his hands in front and put a strong leather strap with buckles under the armpits. These bucki when the condemned is seated, will be con- nected with the rings on the arms of the chair. and a sponge with wire connection piaced at the base of the spine. Then the cap—a peculiar affair constructed of black rubber—will be justed. Inside the cap is aa spiral of copper w five inches in diameter. which fits well over the crown of the head, and which, before being finally adjusted, will be covered with a sponge wet with salt water. From the ceiling of the room and immediately over the chair hang two flexible wires, while on the cell wall is an electrics! dial to indicate the intensity of the current and which is operated by a small double switch similar to those used in telegraph offices for turning on and off the current. One of these wires will be adjusted to the connec- tion in the top of the helmet-like cap and the other to the sponge at the base of the spine. ALL READY. All is now ready for the execution. But be- fore the final touch is given to the switch that shall send the victim to eternity a connection is made with an instrument in an adjoining cell and the subject feels a slight electric thrill by no means painful or unpleasant. ‘This is done to apply what is known as the “Whest- stone test.” for the purpose of ascertaining Kemmler’s electrical resistance, and occupies only a moment. The black cioth is then pulled ever Kemuler’s face, the officers stand back while the last prayer is said by the prison chap- Iain, the signal is given, the executioner gives the switch a little push to one side and 1,000 volts of the alternating current pass through the murderer in the chair. There is a muscu- Jar spasm, a faint quivering of the limbs and “it is over.” There is nothing like a convulsion; hardly anything more perceptible than the flut: tering of the needle in acompass box, The dura- tion of sensibility is hardly to be measured even by seconds. ‘The brain is instantly para- lyzed, before even the nerves can communicate any appreciable sense of shock. Prof. Helm- holtz estimates that 1-10th of a second is the time needed to produce death. Prof. Tyndal says 1-1000th of a second and Prof. Elihu Thompson has declared that it is absolutely impossible that any pain can be felt by the subject condemned to an electric deata, DEATH BY THR GUILLOTINE. Next to the electrical chair the most perfect penal instrument for taking human life is the guillotine. It is the method most popular among the civilized peopies today. Its in- ator. Joseph Ignace Guillotin, a physician of Lyons. is said to have become so mortified at the notorious use to which it was put that he lied of vexa and no! unveracious chron- iclers assert, as a victim his own device. The guillotine, with its two upright post. its cou- peret or ax depending from a cross-beam and lunette for steadying the head of the victim ill the ax is released by a ratchet spring is, next to the electric chair, the most expeditious of modern instruments, the swiftly desecnding el severing the head instantly. Daring the Reign of Terror, when Marat, Danton, Robes- pierre and Fouqnier-Thieaville were filling Paris with blood, guillotine has be huown to destroy sixty-two victims hve minotes. It is ki a unde nan mong the Germans it is the in Se d. where it was used to decapitate the nobility before and during the Jacobite wars, it was called “The Maiden,” and its cold ‘iss was fatal. ROTTE AS USED IN SPATX. In Spain and its colonies the garrotte is the instrament of capital punishment. The con- jemued man sits on @ seat resembling a cob- bler’s stool, with his back against an upright post, His feet are strapped to the legs of the stool. The upright is pierced by two hole: point just above the man’s shoulder, in each of which a steei bar is inserted. These, with a aud « moment or two later the cross-piece in front, form the collar. In the Q it back of the neck is a bar of metal, shich is operated by screws worked by o na cloth, his the signal, the lever is tur bar is driven home through the nervous fit and ganglia connected with the spinal cord. The neck is broken and with a few revolutions of the lever the man is dead. ad A CHINESE EXECUTION. Among the Mongols it is « terrible indignity to have the head separated from the body and the remains not consigned to the grave intact. Yet the sword is the most universal weapon of pin the celest Ther nes on the lendar ¢: pital punishment a & consequ i m beng inirequent, day the condemned are feasted at the expense of the governor of the district and given an abundant supply of wine. revel generally lasts several hours and, as the criminals know well whet 1s to follow, th generally meke the most of their — remai time and do not stint themselves. The Chinese have no fear of death. Drunk or sober, they ave, like the fa ist Turk, ever ready to t the summons comes fro: h with him ma ha the door of their cells they are disrobed and their bands and feet are Lound with ropes, while they are gagged and lifted into bamboo baskets and trandl » so much mer- chandise, to the scene of execution. On the way they are escorted by the troops and by the headsmen with drawn swords, while a man with a solemn-toned gong brings up the rear. Some- where on the outskirts the e ou takes place. The condemned. being taken from their baskets, are placed in front of those ominous cavities that will soon receive their bodies. The to ple form a semi-circle at a proper distance from the criminals, the soldiers stand on guard and the headsmen, with their long double-edged weapons drawn, stand by for the signal. It is given and the chief swordsman begins the butchery, Both his hands grasp the big sword, th through the air and the next instant a head falls forward and a stream of blood spurts u ward, until the body drops into the hole and i= nstupor, At out of sight. Such is the dexterity of the Chinese swordsmen that they rare!y need more than one stroke in decapitation. One after an- other of the shivering wre the same way, and not till headsman tires does he give place to an assist- ant, who steps forward and fin the work of ear: Throughout the whole scene the gong booms mournfully. When all is over the chief swordsman advances and, with his drip- ping weapon raised, salutes the presiding judge. who then gives the order for the dispersal of the gathering. The soldiers stay behind to bury the bodies, which thi reless| into a ditch, The heads are exposed in wire cages on the walls of the city.. The ching chee, or death by the sword, is not granted to women in Chin They are either strangled or backed to ieces, The latter is the punishment inflieted for exceedingly severe cases, such as the mur- der of a husband, a father, mother. or other near relative. The victim, after being fastened to a stake. is literally carved to pieces, her flesh being cut off in smal! fragments and the vital parts avoided so as to prolong her suffer- ing. Dismemberment and finally decapitation end her agouies, is dealt with in arm of the DEATH BY THE SILKEN CORD. There are two other modes ot ishment in China, but they are reserved for statesmen of high rank and princes of the royal blood. When the reigning cmperor con- cetves that it will be to his interest to remove certain princes he sends them a present of a silken cord, which is a polite invitation to self- destruction. The invitation is rarely diso- beyed. The unlucky victim of royal disfavor goes to his chamber, and, adjusting the cord about his neck, two of his attendants puil at it till he is black in the face. The other method is the hari-kat “happy dispatch,” whieh high officials are invited to give themselves when they get into the bad books of the monarch, With that fearlessness which is a strong trait of oriental natures, the oflicial prepares for death. He summons his household and his near relatives and informs them of his disgrace. He attempts no justification nor do they try to dissuade him from his vhich ‘is only too apparent. Finally all d and the adieus are spoken. twist of his hand, the doomed state ig his silken garments, plunges the sho word-like knife into his owels and drops expiring to the floor. Such a death is considered highly honorable and laudable on the part of the victim. In Japan also the sword is the uational weapon of execu- tion. DEATH BY THE BOWSTRING IN TURKEY. While executions in Turkey are commonly conducted by the sword—except in military circles, where the gun is used as in England and this country—the bowstring is not ne- ted. This is an institution peculiarly Turk- ish, aud although often talked and written about comparatively few outside the Moslem dominions know anything at all about it. The executioners with the bowstring are generally mutes, ‘They work in pairs and are very ex- pert. Many of them are dwarfs, ugly, shapen people, creatures who seem to have been formed by nature expressly for their hideous work. The condemned man or woman sits on a divan, while the two mutes approach behind, bearing with them a stout bow. One of them bends the bow almost double with his strong sinewy arms, while the other with a dexterous motion of the wrist casts the loop of the bowstriag around the victim’s neck. which has been considerably bared for the oc- casion. It settles across the larynx; the bow is released and the mutes each grasp a hand of ta | the victim now straggling in the throes of nguiation, Motion ceases in a few seconds wmodic ac- tion of the muscles tells that the life has gone out. The bowstring finds = fitting companion, ax * THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C.; SATURDAY, APRIL. 26, 1890—-SIXTEEN PAGES, far as refin is concerned. in denth by stra and the sack, which is practised in some parts of Turkey, Persiy and Syria, and which was a common method of punishment in ancient Greece and Rome. The victim, half or wholly dead. is sewed up in a sack, weighted and cast into the river. Among the Moors capital punishment is ad- ministered with the sword. The culprit is taken to the steps of the hall of justice and made to kneel on the top, facing the populace. The executioner dispatches him with a blow and the head rolls down the steps. In thee zar’s realm the extreme penalty is inflicted in various forms, the musket and the dfominating. Where the knout is victim is stripped half naked—some- times wholly so—and with hands bound and cords cutting deep into the flesh is laid flat on his stomach upon a wooden frame. To this the hands and feet are securely fastened by iron rings. Which are tightened till the bones are dislocated. Then come the stinging, entting blows of the knife-like thongs that slice out deep furrows in th hand leave red-and-blue ridges where the skin is not yet broken. The knout can be made as fatal as the ax or sword. In the hands of a strong man a single well-di- rected blow will lay bare the ribs, and contin- ned strokes on the same place will kill ina few minutes, THE BANGWOLO METHOD. The Bangwolo onthe Aruwimi riverin Africa have a peculiarly cruel mode ot ridding them- selves of such people. The culprit’s head is covered with a basket, which is fastened around his neck, but not so as to impede breathing. The limb of a voung tree is bent low to the ground and is held there either by the united efforts of a number of men or by ropes tied to larger trees, A rope “i fastened to the basket about the prisoner's head and also to the end ofthe beuded limb. He is then ordered to stand with body erect and neck slightly bent. In this attitude the blow is given with x sword in the hands of the native headsman and at the same instant the ropes that confine the limb of the tree are severed and it springs back to its orig- nal position, bearing on its point the basket containing the dripping head. Hundreds of trees are adorned with this hideous human fruit along the Aruwimi. In Java and Borneo also the head is exposed as a terror to other evil doers, the mode of execution being by swordand dagger. In Siam the prevalent mode is impalement, although the sword is not in- requently used. ‘The criminal is stripped and made to he flat with his face downward, when a wooden staie is driven through the body till it comes out between the shoulders. He is then raised and the end of the ke is driven into the earth, where itis left until the body is cold, Of course life 18 extinct long before the brutal vivisection is accomplished. PHANT DEATH IN STAM. Still another Siamese way of disposing of surplus criminals is to crash them under the feet of elephants. Sometimes as many asa dozen malefactors have been thus deait with in a single day at Bangkok, the capital city, but missionary influences have somewhat miti- gated the frequency of these horrible scenes, although the “elephant death” is still em. pleyed and counts probably as many victims as the sword. The present Persian method of punishing the condemned is by burying them alive with the head exposed, or by @ speedier dispatch with the sword, THE HOTTENTOT WAY. One of the most impressive methods of exe- cution in Europe at one time was the “passer par les armes,” used both in France and Ger- many. It was reserved for goldiersof rank and was considered a noble death. The condemned was placed in the center of a group of spear- men, where he stood with folded arms, At the blast of a trumpet the spearmen fell back some distance and formed a circle. Again the tram- pet sounded, and this time they faced toward the prisoner and advanced, their spears leveled straight at his breast and the circle grad- ually narrowing till he was transfixed. Among the Hottentots today a somewhat simi- lar custom prevails. The condemned is taken outside the krall or village and surrounded by «circle of warriors, All save the victim are armed with clubs. The circle begins to wheel, the warriors smging as they go. Nearer and nearer they come until they are almost within arm's length of the victim. Then they raise their clubs and, no longer trotting, but running at full speed, strike him as they run, each blow being accompanied by a savage shout. It needs but a few minutes to beat the wretch tothe ground, but they do not leave him until the life has departed and the body is « mere shapeless mass, THE GALLows. The gallows was used very early in the his- tory of the Roman nation for the dispatch of malefactors, a nobler death being reserved for the soldier. The modern gallows is a very slight improvement on the old-fashioned one, the main difference being in the drop, which 1 regulated by weights, and is calculated to break the neck of the criminal and shorten his suffer- ings. Physicians estimate that the average execution on the gallows occupies fifteen min- utes from the time the trap is sprung until life is extinct, The immediate cause of death is cerebral apoplexy, resulting from suffocation; the nerves and vessels are compressed; the odontoid process is dislocated, the trachea and larynx lacerated, the ligaments of the neck are So sis and asphyxia precedes dissolution, ‘he special commission appointed by the legislature of New York state to investigate the subject in 1888 claimed that of all methods yet submitted electricity is the most humane for inflicting capital punishment. The follow- ing table shows the standing of the different countries of the globe teday on the capital pun- ishment question: Australia, ‘he gallows. wuillotine, illotine. Morocco: Portugal FREEDOM'S LOFTY PERCH, The Huge Statue on the Dome of the Capitol and its History. HOW THE TONS OF METAL WERE ELEVATED TO POSITION — GREETED WITH A ROUND OF SALUTES—FAOTS CONCERNING THE CROWNING FIGURE OF THE GREAT BUILDING. Altitudinously conspic- uousand a figure of no mean proportions is the bronze statue of Freedom which Craw- ford designed and which has for nearly twenty-seven years crowned the dome of the Capitol with its majestic beauty, When the water in the East- ern Branch is at its lowest level the toes of the statue, which point toward the not- too-crystalline stream, are 386 feet above the sluggish surface. Freedom has a mag nificent scene before her, but if the bronze es were only en- dowed with the sense of sight they would look out and down upon a landscape which re- sembles but slightly the one Washington had in- tended should be spread abroad in that section. The father of his country intended that east of the Capitol should be many public buildings and private palaces. Time has moderated the idea somewhat, but some of the notable features are visible, More than a mile away, yet de- ceptively near when seen from the standpoint occupied by the statue, are great modern struc- tures sacred to the criminal, tue insane, the pauper sick and the vagabond. Across the chocolate-hued streak of liquid Maryland soil lies Anacostia, In the middle ground is the navy yard and the now thickly populited re- gion which within the pust year or two has taken unto itself the more stat tol Hill. In the foreground is a hack i Greenough’s $45,000 statue of Washington and the orderiy conglomerate of bricks and der- ricks-—principally derricks—trom which is to be evolved the Congressional Library building. PLACING THE STATUE IN POSITION. It took a good deal of time and no small amount of labor to elevate Freedom to her present exalted position. She is of bronze, is 19 feet 6 inches high and weighs 14.985 pounds, ‘To have lifted her up in one piece would have been a big task, but the workmen were not called upon to undertake it. She was cast in five pieces, the heaviest of which balances 4,740 pounds, The lower four of these sections were all in place prior to December 2. 1863, and on that day the statue was completed with much ceremony. At that time the government was buying a good deal of gunpowder, so it did not mind using a little for a purpose that was as harmless as it was patriotic. AROUND OF SALUTES. The following document was put in circula- tion when all things were ready: Heapquarters DepartMeNT OF WasHINGTON, Twenty-seconp Army Corps, Dee, 1 1363. Spectat Orpen, No. 248. Atl2m., onthe 2d instant, the statue of Freedom, which crowns the dome of the N. tional Capitol, will be inaugurated. In com- memoration of the event and, as an expression due from this department of respect for the material symbol of the principle upon which our government is based, it is ordered— First—At the moment at which a tlag is dis- played from the statue a national salute of thirty-five guns will be fired from a field- battery on Capitol Hill, Second—The last gun from this salute will be answered by a similar salute from Fort Stanton, which will be followed in succession from right to left by salutes from Forts Davis, Mohan, Lincoln, Bunker Hill, Totten, De Russy, Reno, Cameron, Corcoran, Albany and Scott, Brig. Gen. W. F. Barry will make the neces- sary arrangements for and superintend the firing from Capitol Hill, Brig. Gen. G. A. De Russy that from the works south and Lieut, Col, J. A. Hoskin that from those north of the Potgmac, By command of Maj. Gen, Augur. Carnot H, Porrer, A.A.G. HOISTING FREEDOM'S HEAD IN AIR. At 12 o'clock on that day the head of the statue was lying on the ground in front of the Capitol and in twenty minutes thereafter had, by means of a steam hoisting apparatus, been elevated to its proper place and was firmly at- tached to the remainder of the figure. Then the flag was unfurled and waved over the bronze presentment, and in response to its ‘lutterings came a salute that made the lives of nervous residents somewhat burdensame for an hour or 80. Since that time the statue has received but little material attention. Once in every three or four years Albert Ports, one of the painters employed at the Capitol, ascends a series of ladders, and while the summer breezes gently sway his whiskers to and fro paiuts the iron pedestal on which Freedom stands, Heretofore this has always been made the same color as the statue. In future it will probably be white, for Architect Clark says he can see no reason why the pedestal should not wear the general tint of the building. The bronze needs no painting; it is seif-preservative, SOME WOULD LIKE TO SEE IT GILDED. There are some, however, who would like to see the dull brown-green figure metamorphosed by a liberal application of gold leaf, Those who have control of the statue are not opposed tosuchachange. The cost for gold leaf and application, it is said, would be about $3,000. Once properly gilt, it is claimed, the statue would shine with luster barely dimmed for a f years, and there are a number of en- ite who are certain that the beautiful drapery around the figure would be seen to much ‘greater advantage after such an opera- tion, Then, they claim, there will be light and shade; now there is nothing but shade, CROWNED WITH LIGHT. ‘There is one place on the statue where there is no oxidization, although it is more com- pletely exposed to the atmosphere than any other portion. To anyone who will get out of bed early enough to watch the sun’s rays first touch the statue it will seem as spn there wasadiamond in the headdress. That spot shines as brightly as does the aluminum tip on the apex of the Washington Monument. NO LIBERTY CaP. Connected with the headdress is an incident of some interest. When Crawford submitted his first model of the figure to the authorities one of the board was Jefferson Davis, then Sec- retary of War. On the head of the figure was that article of attire commonly known as a “liberty cap,” and to this Mr. Davis made ob- jection, because that cap had, in ancient days, een worn by a slavish people. The objection was sustained anda bunch of plumage, con- structed after the latest North American Indian spring style, replaced the Phrygian covering. THE MODEL. Away down in the bowels of the Capitol, be- neath the crypt (the undercroft of ecclesiasti- cal architecture), is the model of the statue, ‘The five sections are all there,but some of them are considerably damaged. The upper section has been battered to such an extent that Free- dom is noseless and is without any right ear worth mentioning. Tenpenny nails have been driven into various places in the plaster anat- omy, but the damage can easily be repaired. It may not be generally known that Freedom’s mouth is open, as though about to speak: the parted lips give a distinctively feminine a) pearance to the face. The probabilities are that the model will soon be removed to the Smithsonian Institution and there repaired, painted to imitate bronze and erected. THE cost. The statue was not an extraordinarily expen- sive one, when its cost is measured by later works of art of a similar description. Thomas Crawford was paid $3,000 for the plaster model; Clark Mills got $9,800 for casting the figure in bronze, and there was expended the sum of $10,996.82 for labor and metal—in all $23,796.82 for 19 feet 6 inches of Freedom. A Bird in Hand. ‘The knot was tied, the pair were wed, And then the smiling bridegroom said Unto the preacher, “Shall I pay To you the usual fee today, Or Would you have me wait a year And give you then a hundred clear, If I should find —Merchant Travei: ——— Extract of a letter from Dr. Kanny Lol Dey, honorary member pharmaceutical society of Great Britain, &e.: Bin adap pe poate dip ie in of ve cases convalesce! and general debility TTRACTIV, HOMES. Frills, Flounces and Overskirts on Far- | Household Hints and Seasonable Sug- | niture. e HOW DRAPING I8 SOMETIMES OVERDONE—SOME PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS ABOUT SUCH DECORA- TION—AN ERA OF HARD BENCHES — PRETTY TOILET BOXES MADE UF Glass, RAPERIES, frills and flounces have disappeared from gowns only to re- ron furniture. Beds are cano- pied, especially the brass or white and gold iron ones. Dressers and toilet tables are the only objects wearing “overskirts” at present, while even the wash- stands are often draped with valances hanging to the floor. Cabinets have their curtains and festoons of silk, while “drapes,” “flings” and “throws” —euphoniously so named — are showered on unoffending chairs until one seeks something undecorated asa relief to the eyes, Each of these ideas is good in some places, and used somewhat sparingly in a house, but it is the overdoing of ornament that spoils effects and that should be guarded against. 1 instance, a washstand which is draped : said; it should be, in the first p! ured material, one which will not show spot water, for it is certain to be splashed mo: Jess at every using, It should also something that will wash, for it will surely need it if in constant use. One such wash- stand might be very pretty in a house where it would be specially suited toa room, but as @ general thing draperies seem gut of place about a washing apparatus, A UNIQUE STAND. I recall a stand, however, both convenient and pretty, which had a chintz frill reaching to the floor, matching the window enrtains and also the curtain concealing the shelves und books which filled in the space between the chimney and the end of the room, and served for acloset, The room was a smail one and there Was no space in it to accommodate an ordi- nary washstand, Between a window on one side, however, and a dooron another was a corner where wasa place large enough for a stand longer and shallower than the regula- tion one. Into this corner a carpenter fitted a elf, fitted to the walls on two sides, with one leg at the outer corner, Another shelf was added six inches above for shoes. the valance was added, and from ite extra length a commodious washstaud was arranged. Asmall towel rack wes fastened to the door which opened just at hand, and the equipment was complete, SASHES FOR DRAPERIES. Where draperies are used the ribbons for tying them back or festooning them grow wider and wider. Regular sash ribbons are often seeu tied in bows as big as Yum-Yum's best sash, and very pretty they look. too. Not only are the iace-edged curtains to the dresser thus adorned, but such bows are also tied to the posts of the brass bed. SCONCES AND LAMPS, Whoever can has sconces and lamps for bed room use, all oddities in either form being sought after. Roman lamps, church lamps brought from abroad, jeweled fairy lamps and silver and brass sconces abound in the many beautifal homes of Washington. Sconces are fastened to bureau or dresser—into the wood work of door frames or directly to the walls themselves, Lamps, if possible, are hung with chains from archway or ceiling. Bedside tables are very low, only about eighteen inches high, and these have lamp or candle, with col- ored shade to tone the light, POPULARITY IN RUSSIAN SILVER. Russian silver is being used to a great extent and all kinds of table dighes as well as toilet articles are to be seen of it. It has the enamel which is peculiar to Russian work. Old models of this kind of silver are being copied for many modern uses, buckles and clasps of Russian sil- ver being much prized. AN ERA OF HARD SEATS, Among the odd bits of furniture much affected now are the Hamlet seats with the curving arms, which are merely the cxtensions of the seat proper. In hard woods they are expensive luxuries (without being in the least luxurious!) but enameled or stained ones can be bought tor much tess and still be well-looking affairs. it must be we are losing some of our love of ease asa people. The hardest and woodenest of couches are now provided for our guests and ourselves in drawing room and library, Old-fashioned settees are quite “the thing” now, while hall benches have wandered into other spheres and are also used as library seats, Couches so like church pews have sprang into favor that people are actually taking the pews themselves, and one hears of wonderful bar- gains in the way of pew seats from dismantled churches, Pillows are much used to alleviate the hardness of these favored benches, which are probably a reaction against Turkish, uphol- stered and downy couches, so inviting to moths in this warm climate. More and more their devastations influence house keepers against too much upholstered furniture and woolen hangings. MADE OF RIBBONS AND GLass, The exquisite cut-glass bottles, jars, trays and almost numberless ornaments for bureau and dressing table are at once the admiration and despair of many people to whom they are unattainable. Instead ofsome of these “bits,” and quite pretty enough to be used amon them. are the glass boxes made in sections and bound with ribbons, then caught together securely, These may be made plain and square for handkerchiefs and gloves, or they may be fashioned in fanciful shapes, according to the design of the maker. Clear glass, not very thick, 1s the best und prettiest and suits most tastes, though mirror and ground glass are sometimes chosen. A pattern must be accurately cut of pasteboard for each piece and then any glazier will cut the glass accord- ingly. The binding ribbon is of satin or gros grain ribbon, and whether the edge shall be picot or plain is a matter of fancy. It should be about two inches in width to give the best effect. ‘Lhe corners are the joining places, and the ribbon should start from there, drawing it around the piece and fastening it as snugly as ossible when the firstend is reached again. Lhe ribbon at the other corners should be laid over in plaits and fastened well by sewing. Vhen all the pieces for the box are bound they canbe sewed together at the corners and bows put on toconceal the stitches. Lids are put on by making several stitches of the sewing silk serve as hinges. Sometimes large glass beads are used as feet and are sewed toeach corner. A box may be made much more elaborate than this with irregular or sloping sides, depending entirely on the ingenuity of the designer; also whether or not the box shall have colored lin- ing in the bottom to match the binding ribbon isa matter of taste. A piece of plush, padded or of silk, is an addition to the looks and almost a necessity when jewelry of any kind isto be kept withinP A thing not to be omitted is astrap of ribbon fastened to each front corner of the lid and then to each front corner of the box to prevent the lid falling back as the box is opened. Without this pre- caution the lid would be apt to break from dropping back and striking the bureau. OTTOMANS IN THE BED ROOM, For bed room use nothing is more convenien than one or more low ottomans. As a seat be- fore the dresser for hair dressing purposes it is preferable to a chair, and whenever a low chair would be used im making one’s toilet an otto- man is equally suitable. Upholstered and with springs ottomans are quite expensive affairs, but almost any one can get up a useful and pretty one with a little ingenuity and labor. Grocers generally have boxes that are right as to size and shape for such a bit of furnishing, so a foundation can easily be procured. If merely a seat is wanted, a box turned upside down is the beginning,and the covering may be as varied as individual tastes can make it, Excelsior should be put over the top to pad it out comfortably, and over thisa piece of ticking or stout muslin should be tacked to hold 1t in place it easier to fit on the outer cover. is smooth enough the sides can be stained and a tassel fringe of silk, cotton or wool put on as deep as the box itself. Plush, turcoman or the velour squares in a oe may asi used as at See eins cretonnes t come in tapestry designs are very pretty, with cotton tassel fringe. If the ottoman is te be utilized forashoe or bonnet box it must have a cover hinged on and the inside must be neat and presentable by a silisia lining. If shoes are to be kept in it pockets can ad around the four sides for hoiding them. Big square-headed brass are the prettiest things to fasten the frill fringe or gimp tothe box. The good ee ee ee out money, time labor bn constructing it” —— ee Found Unconscious in an Areaway. Pierre Bayard Cox, son of ex-Congressman Cox of Raleigh, N.C., and a student in the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, of 9th avenue and 62d street, HOME MATTERS. gestions to Practical Housewives. Fitt Mice Hoves wita Caronipe or Line They will leave the premises. Cotp Sticev Porators fry and taste better by sprinkling a teaspoonful of flour over them while frying. FLANxets Smovtp Never re Reenep ona rubbing board, for this fulls and ruins them. Put them in hot suds, Never Wash Broxzep Lamps, chandeliers, &c., but dust them with a feather brush or soft woolen cloth. Taner Pants oF Saxp, two of soft soap and one of lime make an excellent scouring mix- ture for all closets and boards, Iv You Set Axyrurxe Hot ox Omctora and it turns white drop on a little spirits of cam. phor; rub with a dry clot! A Frvixe Pas Suovip Never Toren Water. Scour them out with salt the moment they are done with and wipe cleau with a cloth, A washed omelet pan makes a poor omelet. Is Vexritatixe 4 Room open the windows both at the top and bottom makes its way in at the bottom, while the foul air, if warm, makes itsexist at the top; thus | You let in a friend and expel an euen For Maccanvoxs, pound or roll fine one pound of blanched almonds, add one table- spoon of extract of lemon, one pound of pow- ont, cnt in small rounds and bake on buttered paper, Jr Foon is To Be Kerr Warm for some one who could not join the rest of the family at the regular meal do not set it in the oven | to dry up, but on a covered plate set over hot water. or, better still, in separate covered dishes set in a pan of hot, but not boiling, water, j Campres Exsoy Wuat are Cattep Dom- Nors. Cutathin layer of sponge cake into small oblong pieces the shape of a domino. Frost the top and sides of them. When the frosting is hard di the black lines and make the dots with a smail brush that has been dipped in melted chocolate. A Very Licut Cotonep Butter is always de- ficient in flavor and very dark yellow butter is likely to be dyed that color with anatto or car- rots, Choose a clear gold color, fine in grein and sweet to the taste. If mottled, the butter milk has not been worked out, and it will soon become rancid. Tespek axp Trkep Freer May pe Revievep by bathing them in a pail of hot water, holding in solution a good handful of common salt. When the water cools rub the feet and a in an upward direction with a rough towel. This is a domestic remedy, buts useful one after long standing or walking. Is rr Kyown Tuat Mrxrno tae Exrracts or Lemon axp VaNiLta makes the nicest of flavoring? To a teaspoonful of the former add a few drops or one-third as much of the latter. The next whipped cream cake you make try it. Ifyou did not know you would call it a new flavoring you had not tasted, much superior to either alon For Cyornes Lixes Noraixe Can Be Berser Taax Gatvaxizep Inon Wine, which never rusts and simply requires wiping off be- fore using. If rope must be used, never leave it exposed to the weather, but bring it in after each washing. A dirty, weathered-stained line will often ruin a nice garment. Clothes pins juire the same care and should have a basket 4 of their own. ENDENcY To Rovxp Suov.pers is often contracted in the cradle. The mother, in mis- taken kindness, places the baby’s head ona pillow so high that its shoulders must be curved and the habit thus learned is kept up through life to the detriment of health and ap- earance, When asleep an infant's head should every little, if any, higher than its body, which should be straightened out, Its nap would be longer and sweeter if healthfully d, It is just as comfortable, when one is accustomed to it. and far more useful to sleep with the whole body perfectly level. Tue Rear Vacuz or OLD Newspapers about a house is fully comprehended by but few. Many people in wrapping up woolen goods to put away for the summer—a something that must soon be done for the coming season—use clear brown paper. Old newspapers are far preferable, for the ink on them has been ob- served to be very obnoxious to moths, insects, &c. A great benefit can also be derived by placing a layer of old newspapers upon thi carpet paper spread under carpets, as it is a preventive to encroachments by vermin, which is so often the case. Another useful attribute of paper not generally known is for preserving ice in a pitcher of wa’ Fill the pitcher with ice and water and place in the center of a piece of paper; then gather the paper up together at the top and twist the ends tightly together, placing a strong rubber band around the coil to hold it close so as to exclude the air. A jitcher of ice water treated in this manner has en known to stand over night with scarcely @ perceptible melting of the ice. mathe —_— = Why the Money Flies. The dollar has upon one side An eagle in its grace; And on the other, or So such a combination tells ‘To every thoughtful eye, Between the two it is not strange They make the money fy. —Pittsbury Dispaich. ‘soe ——— IN THE SOCIALISTIC STATE. With Thanks to Edward Bellamy, New York Tribune—from the German, Time—Seven am. Scene—Breakfast room of Citizen G, 357a. Citizen—Ann, is the coffee ready? Citizeness G, 357b—No. I have no beans left. I was too weak yesterday to call for our ounce of beans at the public office. Then we have no wood or coal. They give us only half a pail per day“and that is not half enough, Citizen G, 357a—Mother, don’t grumble. Wife—I wanted to warm for you yesterday's state dinner. Citizen—But you know, Ann, I cannot eat peas and pork. What will they give us today? Wife—Beans and corn beef. Always peas or beans, She— —— old mau, You'll have your favorite sour eel soup, on the second Sun- day of next month, He—Has “The Socialist” arrived? She—Here it is. He (reads)—*‘All children about to reach the age of five years during this current year must be delivered to the public academy on the 16th instant.” “‘All girls about to reach the age of fifteen years must have their names entered in the marriage register before the 17th.” ~ former minister of trade bad an accident y: terday while carting manure and sprained his ankle. “As henceforth all houses are to be built alike, the profession of architect is abol- ished.” “The general dress for next summer is ordered to be a biue blouse, with soldier's trousers. All the military uniforms are to be used up.” “Three hundred and fifty-seven former, now useless, goldsmiths, will be e1 ployed as street-car drivers, mail carriers, &c. ‘Lamps may burn only from 5:30 to 9:30 p.m. from next November 1.” Four hundred ma- sons and carpenters were sent from New York to Pittsburg to be employed in the mines in that neighborhood. Perhaps their families will be sent after them.” iy before yester- day 2,969 women over forty years——" Come in! Inspector of the People's State—Does Citizen G, 357a, live bere? i Citizen—my name is Smith. Inspector—We have no names any more, for one might have ® high-sounding, the other a vuly me. Equality above all. Now, tell me why are you still in bed? The public day begins at 7. Citizen—I am sick. Inspector—Then you ought to have turned out at 6 o'clock and reported for examination at the office, Get up immediately. (To the wife )—What are you idling about here? Citizen—I do not wish you to talk tomy wife with such familiarity. Inspector—Nonsense! We don't know any such thing as familiarity, for we stand all on the same footing. You are detailed to‘pave the street. Citizen—But Iam a ler. the fresh sir | dered sugar and the whites of three eggs. Roll | EDUCATIONAL. TN WASHING TON WASHINGTON CONSERVATORY OF MUSIQ, Good Templar Hall, 459 st. and Pa. ave.—Twentye Brat y1 Plans, Orwan, Voice, Veolim Fiute. Freeadvantares 0 BRULDARD, Director. &: CESSES AND CIVILSERV ICE EXAMINATION, comet paration . ful non, fs SPECIAL FIVE W LEKS TRENCH AND GERMAM oF COLL | AT GATLLARD's Ser Novaars, matic Action, HORTH Ph 1 posit HEAD scHOc uw ANDAEWS BRICK 1 Aualyst« of INSTITUT, ws cvin D a i for ail exe COPS c WwW In Con Vil Servier Fxanunatious, ad. ane > ajid Prywreme, Send for circular or call bet. Sand 7pm. mI9-te YOLUMBIA COLLEGE OF O¢ | « | Third year as teen years a member of the f Jount author of the Pastman system Bluch ree Gold Medel awarded for B orld’s Bar beld ai Paria, 138 T SCHOOL AN PLEMENT ARI jor Both Sexes. ISLi det Pi THOS, W. SIDWELL, Principal NPPse BERLITZ school OF LANGUAGES 238 14 ". Pranches ib New ) Philadeiphia, Louwavil Dresdeu, Germany ; England. CABELL, Principala, *LILEGk, ink House Training, Scnool of She dyewriting Scheel of Telesraphy and Electrical Sclence, Sebool of perme ap Penmanstiay School of Mechatical atal Architectural Drawing. catalogue free, L..B, Priveipal; SARA & PIANOS AND ORGAN NHE SWERT AN 2 1 H TONED KRAKAUER: Urine of lieth pad KUUNS ieuphe ¢ atid repairing. as Lyure Gstaw. Tun Leave Isstucaenrs DECKER BROS WEBER FISCHER ESTEY IVERS & POND ESTEY ORGANS. FSTrY OnN@aNa MODERATE PRICES. EASY TREMS Old lustrumeuts taweu iu part payment. and Repairs Telephone 62a, PIANOB Tuning S$ & STAYMAN, F street northweat, 1 pre MY; T it KER ee Prize Medal Pans Exposition. 200 first premiu . 1 schools and colleges f mw exchange, Theol the pisce of a Grand PEELE EA & COMIPE, 514 11th et. mm K XN NS ' NNN , 8 NNN BB L wae B K NNN bs Pi OH, WORKMANSHIP Laity * is dnvited to thei s desicus of MIGHe Vianos for rene he ut at ve rauced ob EAS! re s MEDICAL, &e. ADIES WHO KEQUIRE Experieuced Female Physi Dr.or Mrs. Wilson. 1105 Par and C, 11th and 12th sts, 0 Special attention “New Artisuc Mtyles, Edt DECOKATIVE SECOND-HAND PIANOS. — A comprising aduont every well know } country, mn thoronch vepair, wail t Jow fwures. “SPECIAL INDUCEME W prices and au terme w hicks wii, be MONIMLY INSTALLLS 7 > wi: a6 tunis AKA vHE SERVICES Of us should cons he, between «ouly, K Only ge tablished 1%. STONE ome, Loss Constipation wale Lrouble JOHN N. WEBB, 1425 New Fork ave, With paper NY the Bidder, D Vv and only Liellable Ladies? the eit nt, Between 436 and 6tly ets hw Consultation for Ladiva, Me Frompt treatment vom for non-resid NITION LADIE wath ‘9th st. nm best of medical reference, by appl: At her residence, 901 | to9pm.; with Ladies ouly SUFFERERS FROM VARICOSE other obstinate swellings will Bnd im by use of ELASTIC STOCKING ELIS, &c. | For directions 1 and styles, address GUUDLEAK MELVILLE LINDSAY, Manager. 1 SED BKOTHE #.W., appeared bef, the Oluest Establebed te pe ax urenien RUBBER OC oF Lo charge ; commultes advice free at auy Dour ot the day. Sul scribed and sworn to beture me by br. BROTH) BAMUEL ©. MILLS, Notry Publeia aud tor District of Columbia, this Jd day of July, 1833. 2-Lau® THAS NEVER BEEN CONTRADICTED THa® Dr. BROTHERS ts the oldest-estabiis! adverties ine Ladies’ Ply sic AB thus city. —, confidentiy cousult Dr. BROTHERS, 900 a. am, Particular atteution paid to all discases peculiar Ww dad ved or single. Forty years’ experience, ANHOOD RESTORED BY USING A BO oF two of Dr. BROTHERS’ Invigorating Will cure any caseot Nervous Devilty and nerve power. It imparts vigor to tue whole Male or Female, 906 Bat.«w FER ALL OTHERS FAIL CONSULT Di. LOBB, No. 329 N. 15th st., Below Callowhill st, Philadelphia, Twenty years’ expericuce in special diseases; cure® the worst cave of Nervous Coty ninite Rood ing, Blotches, Lruptons, Piles, Catarr Sores, In Meiory, Deapondency, Diuaess of Visiom Liver, Stomach, budney (Brigt's Disease, Consultation Free. ‘Treatment Strictly Cuunde: utaal we or write for question list; ne, 7. bal PROFESSIONAL. TELLS ALL THE EVENTS Lid, All business coufidentisl, Ladies Feptlemen, 50 cents cucu.” 409 L st., between 4th th ste. Lew. miz- KAPHAL, THE CELEBRATED CLAIRVOT> antaud Astrologis(, the seventh wobdert with caul, ullhealing power. Gives Lame@ and luc! Dow's sail to see this lady. Bogen 10, 910 a1 Pes THE OLD-ESTABLISHED ONL} Teluble gehtine aud vatural-born Clu peta edn Soe ae in private p 2 5 Clay was with veiland ee second sight; reveals every bidden m: g or stolen property. separated caused aise iy a ives success 1D ae family evil influences, advice Sovtorangthing you ‘are tn aoshe of eves eecr aug thi Kbown to jail: succeeded where all others have failed, tings, oC. HOUreY am. Le BBY p. 20s pm WME, DREAMER, THE OnLy Gifted English asa Germs Our own linportations now received, and you Sue invited to tnapect ot the well-known beuee . D. BARR, IMPORTING TAILOR, 1211 Penne. ove,