Evening Star Newspaper, March 9, 1889, Page 9

SOME CRUMBS OF CULTURE. cating birds ‘Thumb-marks to be Used in Identifying Travelers. A CHINESE PLAN ADOPTED BY A RAILWAY—PRO- GRESS OF THE DRESS-REFORM MOVE MENT—TWO- LEGGED PIGS IN BOSTON—RAISING CROWS BY of it for the comeing oe to kill a crow. is the ammunition, in the first place, which is expensive, and one cannot count upon recipient. It costs even inky-feathered fowl for Special Correspondence of Tae Evzwrxe Stas. count. , But the ent ing abovi Bostrom, March 7, 1889. The Old Colony railway, having recently suffered to no small extent through the depredations of an employe who stole tickets by the quantity and sold them at = big discount for his own emolument, is thinking seriously of adopting, as a measure of protection against such frauds, and likewise to defeat the irrepressible scalper, a plan long in use for other purposes by the Chinese. The notion has relation to the characteristic struc- ture of the portion of the cuticle which covers the ball of the thumb. Curiously enough, the thumb mark of one person is entirely like that of any other, those of no two human creatures in all the world resembling one another in the least. So strongly individyal are the little spiral grooves in the skin of the ball that the police authorities of is worth just as much as that of an adult of the species. At the uniform rate of ten for a dol- lar, dead, they pay the producer excellently. In the way fy St ile alive, the stock requires very little, yielding, under the cir- cumstances described, a constant supply of bs during eight months of the year. It is this | prolific quality of the crow that has rendered | it objectionable from the agricultural point of | view. Since the county was so anxious to ob- | tain crows’ heads, it must be considered fortu- | nate that the ingenious gentleman in question the Fiowery Land have made it their practice | for ceuturies to identify criminals by taking im- | pressions of their thumbs instead of photo- | gtuphiug their faces. These are stored away, | and if the delinquents are again caught o ffend- ing against the law. other impressions afford | means of comparison. The Chinese say that | considering the alteration made in the counte- | nance by hair and beard.and the readiness with which the features of the prisoners may be | distorted before the camera, their method is decidedly superior, By it,’ indeed, error is rendered impossible. | The application of this device to railroad | tickets would not be so very difficult, it is thought. Or course the point which the rail- roads have been trying in so many ways to se- cure, as a defense against scalpers aad such, is the identification of each ticket-holder with the original buyer. This, if thoroughly accom- plished, would prevent the pasteboards being | sold through brokers or thieves. Many | schemes have been already tried, such as sc- | curing each passenger's signature on the ticket | when he buys it, to be duplicated when the coupon is taken up by the conductor, But this | is too troublesome, and the same objection or | now to other plans hitherto experimented wit! he thumb-mark, however, would offer no dis- advantage of this kind worth mentioning. Each when he buys a ticket—of necessity this ‘would not apply to local and suburban traffic— will be asked by the polite agent to press bis thumb upon a corner of the cardboard, the sar- face of which has been prepared chemically so ss to receive e clear impression. A duplicate impression is made by the passenger alongside the first oue when the conductor calls for t the fare. Thuseach traveler is leg identi- fied and the great choo-choo industry is pro- | tected most satisfactorily by Chinese invention. | Only a very crude suggestion of the idea con- templated is given here. With elaboration, when applied to practice, it will become ex- | ceedingly simple, and if, as seems likely, the | Old Colony road adopts it, it will doubtiess be tried by other companies, and may become | should have been able to fill the requisition so satisfactorily. Then, too, the feathers have been saleable for mourning hats, and occasion- ally the carcasses have found a market with the friends of defeated politicians. PHILOSOPHY OF APPLES. One day last week a certain Boston lady had oceasion to send a newly-acquired green-horn servant girl to the corner grocery for a dozen apples, “Be sure to get the best you can,” she added, ‘and remember that the pretty ones are not usually the finest. Those which look the worst outside are apt to be the sweetest-flav- ored.” id The young woman trotted off confidently with the money in her fist, and returned with twelve of the most deplorable rotten apples imaginable. bd “They are the worst-lookin’ ones I cud find in the barrel, mum,” she remarked triumphantly, ‘“and'so they ought to be the very best of eatin’.” Reve Bacue. eo Written for Tur Evenine Star, A BEAUTIFUL WOMAN OF PERSIA. An Afternoon Tea with a Princess in Ivan. IN THE SUMMER PALACE OF AN EASTERN PRINCE— RECEIVED BY BEAUTIFUL MAIDENS—THE PAR- AGON OF PERSIAN BEAUTY IS THE WIFE OF THE ‘HEIR TO THE THRONE—HER APPEARANCE. [Copyright 1889.) This world with all its pomp is a small one, and its people with all their circumstances very closely related. On the other side of the globe ladies sip their tea and gossip, clad in crinoline and frizzes, as here; they serve it with the “samovar” and the lemon—Vanitas! Vanitatum! Somewhere between the middle and the close Universal eventually. Who knows? } of the 19th century two American ladies strayed MEN'S DRESS IN THE FUTURE. | as far from home as Persia, and on a certain Dealers in “men's outfitting goods” seem to | eventful morn in early summer they received a think that the projected reform in evening ) gilt lettered billet-doux from royalty, bidding dress for “gents” is destined to extend further than is generally supposed by persons who have less acquaintance with the laws which govern the progress of fashion. Kuee-breeehes, black silk stockings, silver shoe-buckies and em- broidered silk waistcoats, for after dinner wear, may be regarded as already assured, now that the hae young men of Boston have endorsed em. ‘The question now raised by the haber- dashers and clothiers, who take a keen business interest im the prospective changes, is “What next?” The patterns already offered in shirt- bosoms for nextautumn are miracles of elaborate embroidery and kaieidoscopic coloring. Ked, them (oh, thought of home,) to “four o'clock | women She gave us each returned to the almost the charming aoe made us “Is it so far away that you live?” Tell me how long in my Toch- travan would it take to travel there?” (Fancy the slow — mules traveling from Persia to America.) We replied, “Oh, there are great seas betweon! You could not go in your toch- travan, and if you did you might travel from tacos till Norvoz comes again and not arrive re. I was as though one were talking to an intel- ligent child about the distance to the fixed stars, she looked as puzzled in trying to com- ute 80 vast @ mpace. When we tried to make er understand that Frankestan was made bt of different countries and was not compose wholly or chiefly of England and Russia, she lost interest, but whenever of our customs, po- litical or social. she listened attentively. “I have often thought,” she said, as if in reverie, “I would like to travel in many countries, as my son and the shah have done, and see differ- ent civilizations. How it must enlarge the mind! We women of rank are shut up in ander- vons and hear little from without. I would like to be able to study and learn many things, but Allah is good! Our lives are like a pleasant stream which runs in a narrow valley. Iran is an old and great country; its shahs are wise; from their decree we cannot demur! And after all we are perhaps as happy as any!” All the while the wife of the prince—one of the most superbly beautiful creatures we had ever seen in any country—i. e., a purely physical type of beauty, stood silently near. SUPERBLY BEAUTIFUL. She rarely spoke; her rich red lips had the haughty curve of the khajar, she had fine fea- tures, a richly tinted complexion, quite natural, and magnificent dark eyes, with long, curling lashes. Her finely formed brow was shaded by a bang of slightly curled dark hair, and the general effect, spite of the imposed deference of her manner, gave the impression of a woman of strong character and indomitable pride. The prince had now providentially returned and es- corted the ludies to the music room of the pal- ace. He desired his guests to play upon the piano for him. I chose a well-known imitation of the banjo, which pleased him greatly; after- ward, a more elaborate selection seemed only to amuse. PERSIAN MUSIC. We now expressed a wish to hear some Per- sian airs, which the prince played very will- ingly and effectively, though in the simplest manner, trumming them on the piano with two or three gloved fingers (the prince wore white cotton gloves during the visit.) of course playing solely by the ear. He also essayed, not badly, one or two Russian airs, : The proud princess, his wife, could not sit in his presence, nor could she ever sit if the mother or guests were standing; therefore from time to time she disappeared im the adjoining room. Being the daughter ofa shah the prince could marry no other wives (a restriction, so the gossips say, that wears heavily upon him!) On the whole the impression given by ‘this and other visits among Persian of rank, was very favorable. | Wholly uneducated in the western sense of the tea” at the palace. The “brother of the sun” had, at this tim with his train of attendant eattelites adjourne to the Shimran, a ridge of mountains some 12 miles back from the capital Here the Prince —— entertained his royal mother, one of the four orthodox (if you wiil pardon the expression) wives of the shah. The invitation came in her name, although, as will hereafter be noted, there was a wife who was the most beautiful princess in Persia and the daughter, as well as the daughter-in-law, of a shan. As the low carriage containing the guests arrived within sight of the palace gates a number of red-coated male attendants ap- proached to act as escort,and our Persian mirza | scribe) awaited us with an expression of some sternation in his face, ed. “I have just learned | biue, green and all the other tints of the solar spectrum are employed with liberality and even recklessness by ingenious designers for trade journals in chromo-ithographic plates of gaudy linen chest coverings for the coming | season. Nor is linen the only material to be | maed for the pi , Piqué and other more €x- | the prince (who spoke French), has been called | we fabrics being prescribed as more en- | guadeniy to join the shah, Con madam Erely le fromage, Ail this is rather crude, On her ersian, as there will be no interprete some men of taste assert, and the loudness of it | “Trai cons a dilemma for one but two months Till doubtless become gradually modified. The | in Iran. Asin all crises in humen life, how. De worn cnelenively ey eta ante are likely t0 | over, (whether one rides the topmost crest of io ee Tae Be achicuuitation swells. the wave or sinks to the deepest depths of its fhe tig oe yeaa le” inva- | hollow), there seemed but one escape possible cred, Of Couree ee ee ocd eemtet be | —to move on! The palace gates shut behind expected, of Sonny be this decorative move- | 45 with the clank of doom; the sympathetic ment in masculine is to attain success | Syitva ding donk eal : : i ppeared, and only two eunuchs now ‘without a few incidental mistakes, | Gasertedl Ge Gown tha macbis stairway to the efforts of the ‘gents’ furnishers” for , 7 ; | gourds, upon which the lovely summer palace Sext sommes, 00 they say, will be chiefly di- | Sr'Prince -——was shining in the sunlight a rected to the elaboration of beautiful conceits smilin; 1 iry-li - ' g welcome. A group of fairy-like figures will ks te place of waitouts for evening’ |BomsPbeared around’ dant corner” of the | palace, and came flocking nearer. e becenbecmioy f a set oRs the | cunuchs made a low obeisance and departed, pars et ith Ine ibe added a me © | The female attendants of the princess, for — perhaps, ‘The preseat fesbigw?®. | such they proved to be, came swarming about Solestend sumshersine Soeeecn nes Cl bien of artists who, although asa rule careless of nga their own babiliments and even dirty, know | I¢really seemed fora moment as if a troop what is what as regards other folks’ apparel, | of flower-maidens must have stepped from out ‘The neck and wrists, they declare, shouid be | the chalice of each blossom; but as they came relieved by frills of something ‘soft which | i i would sot ef the bends eal fase conn | nearer they were discovered tobe only Persian more becoming! In fact, however, they scarce appr. of s single garment now in etyle for men. They ony that ‘the only truly aesthetic bat of the present day is the cowboy's tie, affected by Mr’ Buffalo Bil. This they would like to see adopted. Likewise, the overcoat is objected to, and in its place is sug. gerted « thing somewhat upon model of the Scotch plaid, which protects the the arms | re- Ling far the form is destined to proceed, but it really would not be # if the cycle of fashion should take us back before long to the mode of the seventeenth century, when every perfumed dude in silk bose, slashed doublet, trunks and feathers was @ rainbow all by himself. PIGS ON WHEELS, Nowhere in the wide world does the railway bog so flourish as in Boston. Not infrequently— LIER TEE ALRAMBRA, slas! that it should be necessary to say it—the | Broad verandahs were upheld by a succes- | too-familiar animal wears petticoats. It is | sion of arches, supported by slender and grace- | found in astonishing numbers on the suburban | ful columns. There was much that reminded trains that bring half the business population | one of the inner courts of the Alhambra, The into town, always striving to occupy as much lawn back of this central building sloped down | room as possible, regardless of otuer passen- | to an artificial pool of water, and upon it were gers’ comiort. ‘Lhe cheek of this human va- | tall chenar trees and parterres of flowers. At | riety of porker is simply unspeakable. It one side near the palace. where the ground was fords an ideal illustration of the peculiar want | quite level and much shaded, a table was spread | of courtesy toward and consideration for his | as if for a banquet. This was of course a con- | fellow-beings which so markedly characterizes , cession to European customs, for Persian wom- the indigenous Yankee. Here is an amusing | en would never have entertained each other in | instance iw point, of w! the writer was a | this style. The table was concealed an witness only the other day. A good-natured elaborately wrought cover of white « ooking westeruer in boots entered a car bound | linen. On it were dishes of gold end for Kuslindale on the Providence road. It was | there were fruits and sweets and crystal very crowded, and people were standing up on | filled with the crimson seeds of the pomegran- all sides. | Walking slowly through the aisle, | ate; there were small jewelled plates of pis- be came at last upon @ young woman reading a | tachi nuts and salted almonds. We were con. movel, who was occupying the whole of an ex-| ducted to some cushioned divans where rugs tra bench, turned over, for the accommodation | were spread over the grass, and there for the | of a small pug dog that lay comfortably snooz- | first time paused to take breath and realize | img upoaasbawl The passengers who stood | that, beautiful as was the Place, it was not the | bout were eyeing the spectucie with looks of | palace alone we had come to visit, nor was it | tion; but net one of them seemed to | that about which our curiosity most centered, bave Lad the nerve to protest. The newcomer, | Where, then, was the princess or the queen, however, wi in that quality. | our ‘ious hostess¢ “Madam,” he They had young or beautiful. Their dresses were of | right colored silks and gauzes, short like a | ballet dancer’s and with the same voluminous | skirts. which swayed gracefully with the sway- | ing motion of the figure. | of rich brocade and embroideries; their limbs were pare and well rounded, and on their feet they‘wore light sandals; over all, and thrown carelessly about the head and person, was a| ganz mantle, which they managed much asa | t dancer does her scarf, half concealing, | half disclosing the figur: je hair was bound | . with a white turban, and jew- | eled pins or necklaces were strung about | | They made the usual “salaam” and led us | around the main part of the palace. It was | constructed partly of marble, principally of | | adobe ornamented with lovely white stucco- | wor! jas not waited just 1 h to whet wast te the wena PE et eT the main entrance to the palace were lifted, and gracefully swaying female came iE it Het if diamond Li i i ! tele it Hr ; | able executive ability an | stone, | and fresh-water life. The interior of the aq a | women, and many of them no longer either | and painted in imitation of a rock cavern, They wore jackets | tank LAND AND WATER MARCHES. Col. Bigelow Talks About the Trans- portation of Troops. THE RELATIVE SPEED OF RAILROADS, STREAMERS AND PEDESTRIANS—THE CAPACITY OF RAIL~ ROADS FOR MOVING TROOPS—WHEX MEK ON FOOT HAVE THE ADVANTAGE, Col. John Bigelow, jr., adjutant-general the national par largely to an interesting discussion of the syb- ject of communications and transportation. He said: The seizing of a relatively rapid line of transportation may render all other lines which would otherwise be available to the enemy pragtically useless to him and thus con- vert a dangerously open country into a defensive obstacle, The principal communica- tions of a theater of war may usually be classed under the three heads of roads, water and rail. On a good road good walker can easily do 4 miles an hour, but this far exceeds the powers of a soldier moving as one of a mass of men loaded down in the knapsack and overcoat, a in and about 100 rounds of ammunition. ‘urthermore, the soldier on the completion of his march does not find a comfortable bed and abundant dinner; he often has to go on out- Fee duty at once, and perhaps every third or fourth night on guard; he ordinarily sleeps on the ground and has spare and ill-cooked meal, Notwithstanding all this, however, bodies of troops can, in cases of emergency, be marched for short distances at the rate of an ordinary pedestrian, Traveling on ordinary roads an army or a mixed force of infantry, cavalry, and artillery with its baggage makes on an average about 2 miles an hour, and assuming it to observe the el — law of civil life, averages 16 miles aday. To compare this rate of traveling with that by water, let us suppose an army embarked on rafts and scows with neither steam nor sail to tow or to propel them, The rate of an ordi- psig river current is 2 miles an hour, the same as that of an army on a road. But while an army can tramp it on an average but eight hours out of twenty-four, a river MARCHES EVERY HOUR, day and night. In the time, therefore, that ap army makes a march of 16 miles on a road an ordinary river current would have carried it 48. Thus the embarkation of an army to float with the current of an ordinary river is equiv- alent to making it literally indefatigable on the march, Supposing an army on land to make a long day's march, or 20 miles in twenty-four hours, a fast river current would in the same time have carried it 72 miles, or more than three-and- a-half times as far. A foot march of over 20 miles in twenty-four hours is a forced march. When it comes to the use of sail and steam, the kind of craft is so vp plana and so vari- able a factor that only the roughest estimate can be made of the rate of travel. A fair aver- age one for steam transports would be 12 miles anhour. For every ordinary day's march that an army makes on foot it would make the equiv- alent of eighteen such marches (268 miles) by steamer, ‘TRAVEL BY RAIL. The rate of travel of railroad trains convey- ing troops may be taken at twenty miles an hour. Hence, ina single day such a train would make the equivalent of thirty foot marches (480 miles), In this comparison be- rail marches on the other, no account is taken of time necessary for assembling troops at the word, they are yet spirited, intelligent and ob- serving. ‘The most interesting and charming | woman we saw in Persiawas undoubtedly the Anisa Dowleh, the shah’s favorite wite, but be- cause of the seclusion with which he surrounds her, it would seem indelicate after experienc- ing in a special way her generous and graceiul hospitality to allude to her more particularly here. The portraits given are of a queen muc more often seen by foreigners, and a princess of the highest rank, whose beauty is most re- markable. This queen is possessed of consider- is much given to pleasant entertaining, often inviting European | ladies of rank to the palace; therefore it is per- haps to be inferred she is not averse to being presented in a favorable way to the public. Mas. 8. G. W. Bensaauy. + eee THE NEW AQUARIUM. An Interesting Exhibition at the Fish- Commission Station. The commissioner of fish and fisheries, Col. Marshall McDonald. during the summer in- | vestigations at Wood's Holl, in 1888, carried his experiments with the management of marine | aquaria to a successful issue and he is now ap-| plying, in Washington, the principles estab- lished on the coast in exhibiting a very large series of living animals and plants from our seas and fresh waters. An extension has been added to the armory in the form of a glass- | roofed inclosure, containing 120 linear feet of aquaria, the tanks measuring from 4 to 5 feet in length by 2 feet in height, The backs of the aquaria slope at an angle of 45 degree The fronts are glass, the backs and ends soap- These will be devoted to both marine rium annex is lined with paper, mode Light enters from above and passes through the fronts of the aquaria, The reservoir for salt water is in the upper part of the building atan elevation of forty-two feet above the jater is delivered into the aquaria through small glass tubes drawn out into fine jets, and the fall gives it force enough to carry a finely comminuted spray of water mingled with air to the bottom of the tanks and to keep up acontinual circulation, The waste water is conducted into a pond, which is covered with glass andcontains numerous species of marine plants, especially Ulva, and other rapid oxygenators. In this way, exposed to the action of sunlight and plants, the salt water is regene- rated before it is again pumped up into. the reservoir. Thisis believed to be an entirely | new principle in the management of the aqua- rium. A small Ericsson hot-air pump raise the water to the distributing reservoir, By this method of treatment the water supply cai be used indefinitely. Another method of aérating the water where only hydrant pressure is employed is by means of a modification of the Sprengel air pump. CONTENTS OF THE AQUARIA, The aquaria contain numerous marine alge, conspicuous among them being the kelp, Laminaria, rock weed, Fugus, the fleshy red Rhabdonia tenera, the green sea lettuce, Ulva- latissima and elathrata, and the slender Entero- morpha, These species thrive under the pres- ent system of management and are very showy, while they also keep the water in good condi: tion to sustain animal lite, Many species of animals live and grow in these aquaria, At present there are hydroids, anemones, barna- cles, shrimp, lobsters, many kinds of crabs, periwinkles, whelks, scallops. clams, mussel and oysters. The fishes include the mum. ichogs, sculpins., flat fish, toad fish, cunner, tantog, ——, blennies, sea robins, tomco sucking fish, mullet, scup, and sea bass. of these are feeding regularly, look healthy, and are growing rapidly. The fresh water aquaria are supplied with filtered water and numerous species of plants are growing in them. The most important mera for ornament and decarboniz: the aria, | th I yee i i i i : i i HHI Hart Fl | movements is that of the twenty. place of embarkation, collecting vessels and rolling stock, fitting them up. pre aring piers, platforms, &c., embarking and debarking, or, nally, of the time-intervals between the reveral conveyances us they leave the initial point, Nor, on the other hand. is any account taken of the days of rest and dejays from breakdowns. bad roads and other causes con- | | nected with foot marching, which are obviated or reduced to comparative unimportance in marches by rail. HOW IT 18 CALCULATED. Where the number of troops to be moved bears more than a certain proportion to the number of miles to be traveled, no time is gained by the use of rail or water transporta- tion. Sir Garnet Wolseley estimates for Eng- lish double line railways, 600 sabers and bayo- nets with their propotion of guns and baggage as the maximum to the mile of distance to be made that can be advantageously moved by rail. Probably the greatest feat of water tra: portation on recor is the transference, in 1862, of General McClellan's army from Wash- ington to his base on the peninsi “On the 27th of February, Mr. Tucker, of the War Department was placed in charge of the undertaking, and commenced the. collection of the necessary transporte, “On the Sth of April he had transported to Fort Monroe from Washington, Perryville. and Alexandria, a distance of 134 miles, 121,500 men, 14,592 animals, 1,150 wagons, 44 batteries, 74 uulances, besides ponton bridges, telegraph materials and the enormous quantity of equip- age, &c., required for an army of such magni- tude. The means by which this work was done were: 113 steamers, 183 schooners, 88 barges, It will be observed thatit took exactly the same length of time, twenty days, to collect the ransports, which it afterward took to embark the troops and move them.” The movement of Gen. Emory’s corps from Fort Monroe to Washington in 1864 was accom- plished in two days, or one-tenth the time it took to move McClellan's army the same die- tance. But Emory's corps numbered only 18,000 men, about one-tenth as many as Mc- Clellan’s army, it moved, moreover, wholly in iteamers, and when ordered to start was already embarked, having just arrived from Louisiana, HOW GEN. SCHOFIELD'S CORPS DID IT. During our civil war the use of water and rail transportation attained proportions which, considering the distances moved over, have never beensurpassed. Prominent among those third corps, commanded by General Schofield, the present major-general of the army. “The twenty-third army corps, after fighting at Nashville in the midst of ice and snow in December, 1864, was, on the conclusion of the campaign in the west, transferred from the val- ley of the Tennessee to the banks of the Po- tomac, moving by river and rail down the Ten- essee, up the Ohio, across the snow-covered Alleghanies, a distance of 1,400 miles, and in the short zee of eleven days was encam on the bi of the Potomac, then blocked up with the ice of a most severe winter. Vessels were collected to meet this corps, the obstacles interposed by the ice were overcome, and early in February, the troops composing it | were fighting before Wilmington, on the coast | of Nor | War.) Chrolina,” (Report of Secretary of The oar factors in the transportation of armies by rail are: 1, The capacity of a train, 2. The time necessary for loading. 8. The time-interval between trains, 4. The rate of running. 5. The time necessary for unloadi 6. The number of railroads available. A consideration, too, of some strategic im- portance is the extra time required to ause! tween foot marches on one hand, and water and | deliver s larger of ata given of armies and in the same district. Without railroads the of it ts old, would hove been en napecabunie OTHER ADVANTAGES OF RIVERS AND RAILROADS, There are advantages, however, in riversand to break down. BR dpe ne ore, they do not (Ree sow an; rome 80 e @ proportion of their cay for the transportation of their own went oc necessities. On reason of i will an invading army forward not only faster but further from its ordinary and distant invasions communication with France, and that Sherman couid not have reached Atlanta, subsisting his army,as he did, from Chatta- nooga, but for the railroad in his rear. showed its appreciation of the military import- ance of railroads, ° “Congress, by act of January 31, 1862, “au- the public safety required it, to take possession railroad lines in the United States; all their appendages and appurtenances, &c. * * * to place under military control all the officers, agents, employes, belonging to such lines, * * so that they shall be considered a part of the military establishment of the United States, subject to all the restrictions imposed by the rules and articles of war.’ ” The same act imposed severe penalties on any person resisting or interfering in any man- ner With the unrestrained use by the govern- ment of such property, and provided further “that the transportation of troops, munitions of war, &c., throughout the United States shall be under the immediate control and supervision of the Secretary of War, and such agents as he may appoint, “By order of the President of the United States as commander of the army and navy, dated February 11, 1862, a ‘military director and superintendent of railroads in United States,’ was appointed ‘with power to enter upon, take possession of, hold and use all _rail- roads, engines, &c.,’ in fact to carry out all the provisions of the act referred to as far as re- gards railroads, ‘This officer was under the direct orders of the Secretary of War. “This was the origin of the ‘department of military railroads of the United States.’ “The military authorities calied to their aid the services of the most experienced railroad men of the country, and a department grew up vastly more.extensive and important than any supply department of the army. “such a department now forms part of the military establishment of every great power in Euwvye excepting England.” THE SECURITY OF RIVERS, While railroads are more vulnerable than ordinary roads, rivers are less so. Hence, as lines of supply, rivers are generally to be pre- ferred to railroads. It takes but a little com- mon labor to make a break in a railroad, but to obstruct the navivation of a river is an oper- ation of consideration skill and magmitude. |The capacity of one of our large rivers for { transportation is limited only by the number of vessels at hand, ij An ordinary Ohio river steamer, carrying both passengers and freight, has a capacity of | about 600 tons. ‘Lo supply an army of 40,000 | men and 18,000 animals requires about 260 tons daily, Hence one such steamer would carry supplies for such an army for nearly two days. | The capacity of an ordinary box-car is from 10 to 15 tons of general stores, A simple calcula- tion therefore will show that to forward the load of one large river steamer by rail would require from 33 to 50 cars, or say, two trains of | 20 cars each, : | The Comte de Paris, the ablest historian, | thus far, of our late war, says that whenever the Federals were supported by a river their progress was certain and their conquests deci- | sive; whilst the successes they obtained by fol- lowing a simple line of railway were always | Precarious, new dangers springing up in their rear in proportion as they advanced, Unawares. We were sitting, after waltzing, On the stairs. He, before I could forbid it; Stole a rose, ere yet I missed it, And, as tenderly he kissed it, Swifuly in his pocket bid it, Unawares. We were talking after waltzing, On the stairs. Thad said that he should rue it, And a lecture J intended, Which | think he apprehended, I was kissed before 1 knew it, Unawares. We were silent, after waltzing, On the stairs. I had stormed with angry feeling, But he spoke love, never heeding, And my eyes fell ‘neath his pleading, ‘All my depth of love revealing, Lnawares. —Boston Courter. Saturday Smiles. This ought to be the most cheerful season of the year. No man can borrow trouble when its Lent.—. Wor Crystallized perseverance—snowing twenty- four hours with a visible total of one-sixteenth of an inch.—Hartford Courant, Practical jokers are a very unprofitable lot. They never buy; their business is to Eockester Post, It is stated that Senator Evarts is ambitious to become a judge. Should he ever hold that position convicts would inevitably get long sentences.—Pitisburg Dispatch. The late Edmund Quincy of Boston, on hear- ing much of a popular novel, and being asked if bo had read {t, wai Ihave been wait- ing for it to blow over.” —Boston Traveller. An Italian cook, a London exchange says, has ‘Bee devised a new dish, ‘perfumed eggs.” will supply their own perfume if left alone.. Philadelphia Ledger, Ex-Senator Riddlebe: wants to be col- lector of internal revenue for Virginia. But has Riddleberger proved himself competent to manage internal affairs with discretion?—New York World, The President's cabinet is composed of 1d timber. The democratic editor says it seat do, but he pines for a democratic commander again at the 'elm.—Norristown Herald. To the unterrified democracy: There is no law against booming Mr. Cleveland in 1892, but you must remember that booms, lik are better if made just whe Ata Millville wedding a few evenings the Officiating clergyman said: ‘What Gel hes put asunder, let no man join together.” guests began to titter and the reverend man revised his remarks,— Woodstown (N. J.) the troops at the railroad stations or places of embarkation, and, upon their debarkation, to redistribute them. or dispose of them anew, upon the epee chess-board, iin regard to rate at which large bodies of troops can be moved on a double-track line of railroad, General Haupt, the superintendent of rail: in our campai, in Virginia, expresses himself as follows: ‘Allow trains of twenty cars to start at intervals of fifteen minutes, each car carrying fifty men, ninety-six thousand me: be moved in twenty-fours to a distance of two —— and fifty miles, re i It Makes All the Difference. Juves H. P. Vrooman, Mas, Many A. Livenons, M At an early stage of tha war our government | thorized the President, when in his judgment | of any or all telegraphic lines, or any or all | Terzxo Frovess Frown Tx FORTY-FOURTH ANXUAL REPORT (Janvary 1, 1889) OF THE XEW YORE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 346 and 348 Broodway, New York. WILLIAM HE. BEERS, Passare. TOTAL INCOME, over twenty-five million dollars. BENLFITS TO POLICY HOLDERS, nearly eleven million dollare. INTEREST INCOME, over five per cent on average net asseia ' NEW INSURANCE WRITTEX, over one hundred and twenty-five million dollar. ASSETS, over ninety-three million dollars, SURPLUS, by new State Standard, thirteen and a balf million dollars. INSURANCE IM FORCE, nearly four hundred and twenty million dollara, | Increase in Benefits to Poticy-holdere.. - 1,437,650.28 | Increase in Surplus for Dividends... 1,653,206.96 Increase in Premiums. 2,840,737.03 RESULTS OF 44 YEARS. . | Received from Policy-holders in Premiums, in forty-four years, 1845-1888... | Paid to Policy-bolders and their representatives... Assets eld at security for Policy -buldere, Januniy’ Total amount paid Policy-holders and now held as security for their contracts. | AMOUNT PAID AND HELD EXCEEDS AMOUNT RECEIVED. Received from Interest, Rents, etc.. in forty-four years, 1845-1888, Death losses paid in torty-four years, 1845-1558. INTEREST AND RENTS EXCEEDS DEATH-LOSSES PAID. Dividends in fe af ears, 1845-1888........ Burplus over Listintiaa le new besce Lee Na E> Amount saved Policy-holders from table rates.. aeveeenenes@108,040,863 99 j | | For Prospectus and Full Details, Address: 4. EB. JACOBS, GENERAL MANAGER FOR MARYLAND, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, VIRGINIA, AND WEST VIRGINIA, NO. 8, SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE, MD. GEORGE C. BOWERS, 1314 F st. » w., LYMAN s. EMERY, 707 Gat.n w. Washington, ore tc 'D.c, THOS. D. HADDAWAY, 1314 F STREET N. W., WASHINGTON, GENERAL TRAVELING AGENT. FAMILY SUPPLIES. |__ 66.QTAR OF THE EAST,” FANCY PATENT PRO- EAs Sftecriour 5 per bbl: $1.75 per x bbl sack: PENNSYLVANIA ROU “old Tine” Flour, #3.b0 per UL: 61.50 fer % bul. |") TO TRE NOKTH, WEST, AND SOUTHWPs sack. Pertection Tea, acknowledged by all who use it | DOUBLE TRACK." SPLENDID SCENERY. fo be worth double our price, which is 50c-per Ib. | STERL MAILS.” MAGNIFICENT KOULPMENE, vee. b. 8 Ibe Buck 0.57 EAVE WASHINGTON FROM STA‘ ions for ibe. 5 1b. ‘package Brea fast “Hominy COREL SIXTH aay SrkLETS, 74 POL 1 ; Bqte Beans for 2 oa for zdc._ 2 tbe: Dried Pesches (pecled) for Soe, 4 lee For Pittsburgand the West, Chicago Limited Evaporated Apples for 25c. Rumford east Powder, Pullen Vestibuled Cars, ma. daily: large bottles, Lc. “6 Ibs. Starch for 5c 0 takes | Line. #508 La SU Lan » Dick, aud Harry Soap tor 25c. 7 gakee Aro- | aa lies ge Erosp Pict — 3 Se eee Gay, to Chicago, with Sleeping Car Altoone to J.T. D. PYLES, caxo. Western Express, at 40 pau. daily, wi 3a29-3m 412 4 st ne Bleeping Cars Washiicton to Chicago aud St evn hage daily at Harrisbare rere for Louisville with, hs 10 “Baru, Ven SPRING WHEAT PATENT ¥LOUR | BALT For Erie, Can | wis, anid Rochester. daily , for Bat- is the Premier Flour of tae World. talo and Niagara, daily, except Saturday, 10:00 a | tue Car Washington to Koc The only Minnesota Patent now made from all old Lock Haven, and Elmira, at 0-304 wheat. For sale by the following well-known grocers: JOHN H, MAGRUDER, 1417 New York ave, $370. ee SS CHAS, I. KELLOGG, Masonic Temple, vthst. Pullman, Ferlot GEO. E. KENNEDY & SON, 1209 Fst, | . . W. E. ABBOTT, 1721 Pennsylvania sve, BR. A. WALKER, 1600 7th st. every day. Po Y.. all through trans counectt Jen ey City with boats of Brooklyn Annex, aff E, M. BURCHARD & BRO., Penn. ave. and 44st. pO, - Fee — G. W. & H. W. OFFUTT, Georgetown. | For Philadelpina, 7 A. 0. WRIGHT, 1632 14th at. ae _P. F. BACON, Pennsylvania 8-7 JOR CHVICEST IMPORTED WINES, LIQUO! a Italian general Produce? 1eUORS Cordials and [1 Lachrima Christi, ee Ver- Barolo Pare Olive Oil, Parmesan, Brachetto, eto, Koquetort Cheese, | Call ASSAGNU & SON: ua , ae. © F S08 bil ota. w, | For Pope's breck Line, 7:20am and 4:40 p.m. daily, ‘except Sunday. For Anuapolis, 7:20 snd 9-00 am., 12-05 and 4:40 : | pam. daily, except Sunday. Suidays, 9:00 « my 1 CANS SUGAR CORN... Best Country Butter per 1 Bottle Uniermented Gra | axe cea nen ALEXANDIIA AND FREDERICKSBURG £10-Lm At O'BAKE'S Grocery, 1248 7th | WAV ASD alPasbuin AND WASHINGIU. ~RANULATED SUGAR, 7c. | . = sean Giticios Sagat Corn, 0c. Oregon Patent Flour, ep PRE per bbl, $6.60 Pull Cream Cheese. 16. Hey ye tt ‘Choice Family atw re an = eee s,m. 2:30, 6 01, 8-08, anid 10:05 p. 2.00 rs iatioh tor Quantico, 72. and al3-sm 46 La ave_ | On wekdye, ee & me s r . PIANOS AND ORGANS, _| tmnite ietve Alesana for Want 3! lien obtain, Saale $200, 9:20, 10:15.11:07 a am: 1-2 33 : B06 0) 03 Loa ad 140 as Saxvers & Sranux. Sunday at 10 aud 11:07 a. m: 2:00, 5:40.72 anos Uheee Teams, Ticbeis aod tniorssaticn ot ho office, merthensteee- PREREEE POG. WEBEE, FISCHER and | mer of 13th street aud Peunsylvaninavenue, and at ESTEY ORGANS. ation, where orders can be left tor the for rent and o ret $2 eetingtion Seem hetsinond Pas > ee ah STAYMAN, ‘Generel Manager. u Gai. Fas. Aout, JARVIS BUILEK, Manager, =| —_ ss : ignores E. | PUDMONT AULT 5 son seen | ehedule ti ml 3i7 MainstsRickmond Van" | Se.n0 aed hee” Mau" Daly Es a rdonsville, Charlottesville, Ly uch burg, and Tax Srerr Urntozr Paso Oe ee Cale Tpenuuas, Hoanoke, } It is the most durable Piano made. oa, Palau bleetsr ig {o'New Griese Tele ardtic in Qesien and Stab, ceri Ccmictwrile, stati Cee F Gis It bas the most singing quality of tone to | be found in ‘any Upright Piano. = — Te Or moni M00 122-3m ist Ea, 7 KAUER PIANOS ARE REMARKA. Burdet wld fears, mks fren” GH RUBS, Bole agent. 407 Toe aw. $e: i ie 2é: fie Een ited to thetr AVE ART. Panos foreat. | OH RE, TOUCH, attention of “Purchasers” is tm D Ti “Rew Artiste EST DECORA’ KNABE & Mal? Market Space, HOUSEFURNISHINGS. ’ ND-HAND PIANOS. — A larwe w SODA, HOES 6 oem ae REE country, im Me, eed out at very rices and in et hf MONTHLY INST. ben Seared. Hi Fe mr HOUSE AND FRESCO PAINTING REX FURNITURE POLISH. THE P. HANSON HISS MANUFACTURING CO, 815 1dthet. ow, __Baltimore House, 217 N. Charles st. 4ll-3m A full line of GS COOKING STOVES Om band and for sale ‘POTOMAC RIVER BOATS. Or TRANSPORTATION LINE | for Waring 220.8 -00, (4>-muit