Evening Star Newspaper, January 30, 1886, Page 2

THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON _—_—_ Ng D. C., SATURDAY¥ JANUARY 30, 1886—-DOUBLE SHEET CITY AND DISTRICT. THE LITTLE SISTERS. They Get Food and Clothing for Twe Hundred Old People. THE HOME FOR THE AGED AND THE WAY IT IS SUPPORTED—MORE RECEIVED FROM THE POOR THAN FROM THR RICH—A TOUR THROUGH THE INSTITUTION. “We go from door to door,” said the sister superior at the Home for the Aged, conducted by the Little Sisters of the Poor, in answer to am inguiry by aSTaR reporter as to how the institution was supported. She spoke with Just enough French accent to betray her foreign birth. “Yes, we are generally treated kindly, she wenton. “The people of this country, as a Tule, receive one well. Do we get much from the rich? No; it we depended upon the rich I think our old people would starve. It 1s from the werking people, the poorer people, we get most. They always have ten cents for us ora loaf or bread. We never provide for more than one diy. We have no funds at all, but depend upon what good people will cive us. ‘And then she conducted the reporter through the buildiug, where the two hundred old, in- firm and helpless peopie, whom the good 'sis- ters care for and beg for, are shelte: Every corridor, dormitory and sitting-room was as neatas if every day was scrubbing day. The rooms were airy and well lighted. Rows ot cots that stood in the dormitories were made as though noone had ch cot was provided with an Inviting feather bed. Some of the cots Were covered with snow-white counterpanes; others were adorned with patch quilts, worked by old women in the home. There was no supertivons furniture anywhere, only what ‘was necessary to contribuie to the comfortof tae old peopie. Everything was plain but neat, In the sltting-rooms or living rooms THE OLD PFOPLE were gathered. One wing ix given up to the white women. The second floor fs asort of infirmary, where the very fecble, or crippled ones make their homes. Some of the old women were knitting; groups were taiking, and some very old one= just rocked themselves ‘their easy chairs. the old women es and ful look ule remaining not admit any wo destitute and infirin, an aeter,”” said the sisi they ‘come to remain with us tll they die. We would not care to have any come that expected to leave, or to go ont, “You see,” said the door of a dormitory. : locked, because if we did not some of the old ‘wher feeling unwell would go in and go to bed without our knowing it. As it is, they have to ask one of the sisters, and then we know if they are sick.” Here and there about the house one would meet a black-habited sis tar, moving quietly among the old people, with calm and kindly face." In another wing ware the old white men. HOW THE OLD MEN LOOKED. In the sitting rooms were lonz tables, and, as ‘the weather outside was bad, most of the old men were assembled in these rooms—reading, talking or ‘ing games. There was a variet: or etme de the cuntier of bets sapecl- ally. was a marked diversity in styleand quality, running up the scale, from oid and bat- tered slouches to sioveptpe hats still quite sleek and shapely. ‘The sisters, in begging supplies of clothing, do not insist upon any particular style. Some of the old centlemen still preserved Yestiges of an air of dignity sud consequence. ‘There was one old man in particular, with a raffiec beaver hat, a collar rather rakishly ar- Tanged and eyeglasses, which he twirled on his thumb, who made one think that Mr. Micaw- ber had tinally despaired of anything turning up, and had therefore consented to consign his us person to the care of the Little Sisters. one was cheerfui, notwithstanding the inequality in the style and quality of headgear. In another wing are the colored inmates. The sisters make no distinction on account of eree color, or nationality in receiving old men ap Women into their house. In one sitting room ‘Were @ score or more of old colored women. Some were shrunken and bent nearly double ‘with age, and sat rockinz and crooning. THE SMOKING Roox. ‘There is a room set aside asa smoking room, ‘where the ald men and women addicted to the ‘use of tobacco can smoke and chew, too, If they Uke. The sisters bec tobacco for them just ax hey do food and clothing. “Some of them ase ery old, very old,” said the sister. “We have ‘one who says she is one hundred and ten years old, but I do not believe she knows her age. in one of the dormitories an old colored man lay m a bed. Father Schicuter, of St. Joseph's chureb, came while the repocter was there, to prepare the olf man for death. The sisters riest to the bedside and then uiatly withdrew. ‘The old “man was dying from extreme old age. On the main floor was Iittie room fitted up as an apothecary shop or dispensary. There was a sister in charve of that. “We beg these things tov,” said the sis. ter superior, reierring to Jars and bottles of drugs. “We compound the medicines our- selves. We have rm how to do that.” ‘A little further on was the chapel. A com- Pany of old! people were there engaged in wor- ship. A Litle gnilery above, on a level with the floor, where the infirmaries are located, was used, the sister satd, by the sick. Every niorn- ing, Service is condicied in the chapel by Father Seblcuter. Near by is a sewing room, where two old ladies were stitehing.” On a table were pieces of a garment which one Of the sisters had cut out ready to be stitched. On shelves were supplies of cloths and gar- ments which come froin the wash, and were neatiy folded and Inid away. Some of the old people,when they enter the home, bring with them clothing enough to last them for some time. Having made the cireuit of the house, the sister brought the reporter back to the plainly furnished reception room, SIXTEEN SISTERS. “There are sixteen sisters here,” she said, “anc they have todoall the work. We have noemployes. Four of the sisters go out every @ay. Two goto beg money for the poor. We awa to have some money lor there aro cx- enses to be paid. Two go out twice every day ‘with the wagon to ask for food and cloibing. ‘They go to the stores and to houses and to some ofthe hotels. The sisters have to do all the Work of the house. Sote of the old people have w be washed und dressed aud put to bed just like babies. Oh, we bave plenty of work to do. Some of the old ‘people wili sweep a little and | help us in that way. Congress gave us $25,000 for the new wing which has just been erected, but that did not halt pay for it. “Yes we meet with soine rebuils when we ask | fpr charity.” said the sister, and then, with « neh, and # smile, she went on, “but | ‘What of thatt We must uot care. We have two We take the rebuffs, the humiliation ourselves; the rest is for the poor.” THE SISTERHOOD. Upon the wall of the reception room hung two photographs; one of a venerable priest, the Other of an elderiy woman habited us a sister. “That is the founder of our order, Father Le Pailleur,” said the sister, calling attention to the photographs, “and (oat is the first sister of the order. Sister Marie Augustine de la Com- Farin. Both of them are living to-day in ee. We celebrated Father Le Palileur’s | golden jabliee here last month. He founded order in Paris in 1510. Sixter Mary Augus- the first sister, is now living in the mother in Paris. There are now 240 houses in world and nearly 4,000 sisters, who take ‘of 25,000 poor people. All the houses are ‘a8 ours is—by Charities solicited by sisters. The sisters caine to this country in and now have thirty-five houses here. Weeame to this city in 1871, and first opened &@ house on G street.” ; THEY ARE FERKETED OUT BY A LADY. It is learned that the fucts witn regard to the id seal of the Senate, which THE STAR copied on Saturday. the 234, from Senator Ingalls’ re- port, when offering the new seal for adoption, were altogether derived from articles on the oficial scale used by the government de ments ai Washington and by the Senate and House of Representatives, prepared by Miss Austine Snead (Miss Grundy) and published by her im the Louisville Courier-Journal in June and July last. She has been for some time making @ study of the history of the official seals in use here by various brancies of the government, and herself obtained from Mr. Ed- ward Stabler, of Baltimore, who has his father’s collection of seals made by him, and the inal ietter ordering them, the dates of ‘the making of many seals used in Washington, concerning Which no one here connected with the government could give any definite in- Jormation. ——_—+e+______ The Vi of Time. Burdette in Brooklyn Eagle, “One to-day,” remarks a wise man, “is wo.'h two tomorrows.” Qh, is it, then? You go into the market today and see how many to-mor- FoWws you can get for it. You can’t get one. Not solitary one; you can’t even get tomorrow morning tor ii, But if you Lave a tomorrow that you ‘who is going to be hanged to-morrow and bas consequently very little use for it. What he wants to for is about two months of yes- couple of weeks before last, ane CHALLENGE Accertep.—J, A. St, Joun, ‘of St. Louis, telegraped the ‘Cine clapaul . wecepting a chalienge pub- lished tn per ol Friday’ last’ frou r for the championship of America and $2,000. Mr. St. John also sent 3500 with the telegram, to meet alike deposit tade by Teemer’s representative, i Drats Aivs De. Bkisror.—Justice Thomas H. Gemmel, who has been prominent in the re- cent troubles over the Spring Valley Methodint ebureh, from which the Kev. Dr. Bristor has suspended, died night. H the ac minister, and it was to him that Ide i ¥2 whes ran with the tleof wrong that #h ‘said had been inflicted upon her. He took up her side of the story with # great deal ot $pergy, and prepared the case tor her. | The case Was to go before the grand jury at once, but wili now probubly be postponed. Gov. Foraker has ordered sn, investigation into ‘of official misconduct preferred ‘three police commissioners of Cin- i THE SCHOOL BOYS OF OL Where the First Seheols in Washing- ten Were Lecated. ‘MR, NICHOLAS CALLAN’S RECOLLECTIONS OF ‘THE EARLY SCHOOLS HERE—A TALK WITH AN OLD BOY WHO WENT TO SCHOOL IN JER- FERSON'S STABLE. ‘The venerable Nicholas Callan when asked by a STAR reporter where the first school-house erected in Washington was located said: “That I cannot tell for a certainty, for there were schools here before I saw the light. However I ought to know something of the ancient schools, for I was born over a.school room. My father, who had participated in the Irish re- bellion, was held as a prisoner of war in his native town of Dundock, but having been ed- ucated asasurveyor and being an excellent clerk he was allowed some liberties. With one of his daughters he made his escape and, com- ing to this country, settled at Trenton, N. J., in 1803. He had known Thomas Hurty in “the old country and knew that he was somewhere in America, and finally learned that he was in Washington. Father wrote to Mr. Hurty stat- ing his eireumstanees and in reply was in- formed that Mr. Hurty had a position as @ school teacher tor him ifhe would accept. This was agreeable to my father and he came here in 1805 and took the sition of assistant teacher in Richard White’s Grapes which was located on the corner of 17th andI streets, the very spot where Judge Cox now resides. There was then @ large frame school house there. Subsequently, in December, 1806, father opened a private school on F strect, be- tween 1ith and 12th streets—the house is standing yet, but has been remodelled, and is now owned by Dr. J. M. Toner—and that Is the Place of my nativity. Father kept school there till 1809, when he moved to the hoase where I now live, No. 1432 F street, and continued his school ull after the war of "1812, when he ao- cepted government office. Zi OTHER SCHOOLS BEFORE 1812, “There were other private schools in the city before the war of 1812,” continued Mr. Callan. “Mr. MeLeod with Hugh McGuire had one near the pavy yard, but they afterward moved to asebool building on the site on which M! bell is erecting the Sun building—F street, between 13th and 14th streets. Subsequently Mr. Me- Leod built a small school house on the south- West corner of 10th and G streets, and _next lo- gated on 9th street, between G and H streets. Perhaps you remember the motto he had over the door—Order is Heaven's first law.’ The school children of to-day,I think, ald ap- preciate their privil more if they fully up- derstood what the children of two generations ‘ago went through. Mr. McLeod had his pupils in their places at sunrise, gave them breakinst and dinver hours, and when not detained by failures in lessons they would be uble to reach their homes in time tortea, In the other schools the morning, or sunrise, session was not held. Some of the best citizens of the District received their education under the strict discipline of Mr. McLeod.” WHAT THE BOYS STUDIED. “The course of study was not extensive,” sug- gested the reporter. “The people of that day,” said Mr. Callan, “were glad enough if their children could write, read, spell and figure well. Murray's Reader, Watt's Arithmetic, and Murray’s Grammar to end with, constituted the books used. Then the smailer pupils learned to trace letters in sand on the tops of their desks, and as they advanced slates (much more cumbersome than those of the present day) were figured or written upon. Thea in place of the lead penell plummets— Pieces of lead, poiuted—were used. Having passed the sand box, the siate and plummet, those proficient were allowed to write in copy- books—pens, ink and paper being much more sSearce than now.” “How about music and drawing?” asked the reporte! “I might say,” said Mr. Callan, “they were unknown in tie schools till halfa century after- wards. In the private schools mathematics appeared to be a favorite study.” THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. “What do you know of the public schools?” My father,” answered Mr. Callan, “opened the school on F street, when Mr. White was Elected the principal teacher of the Western school. This was located on F street, between 12th and 13th, which at that time bade fair to become the Leg me business street. Mr. Mc- '# associate, Mr. McGuire, succeeded Mr. White in a few years, and in 1810 left the schools. Saaee personally, but I heard ofthem. I re- member Mr. Henty Ould well. He was the Lancasterian teacher sent out from England in 1812, and continued fn the service of the sehools here till some time In the thirties. There is no telling the result of his teachings, for there are hundi« + of well known and rez speetable citizens wo can say that all their education was received under bim, Mr. Hen- shaw followed Mr. Ould. The old building on the corner of 14th and G streets. formerly used by President Jefferson as a stable, was occupied from 1821 for over forty years aa the Western or first district sehool.” RECOLLECTIONS OF ONE OF THE OLD nos. One of the old boys who attended at the old School house at 14th and G streets early in the forties, thus described the school and his school boy days to # Star reporter. “Entering the door uear the corner of the west end the teach- er's desk wi 9 the right on a platiorm reached by acouple of steps. Beneath the desk was a large recess, which sometimes was used as & place of confinement for very bad boys. The desks for the larger pupils were of pine, ar- ranged twelve ina row. Tney-were made of three pieces of plank. The pape saton benches made of pieces of 6-inch plank, planed smooth, Along these the pupils, excepting those occupy- ing the end seats, slid to their places. There were about 15 such rows and several at the cast end were divided off by a blue cainbric curtain and constituted the girls’ department. Smailer pupils were allowed to sit on the sides, but in those days the attendance was seldom so large that they could not all have desks. In those days boys were possibly much harder to manage than those of the present COS While there were some who fully appreciated the crude advantages they enjoyed, others regarded the school room, as some do at ‘present, « place to take holiday from. ALL ON ACCOUST OF A RAT. “I remember,” continued the old boy, “one we nicknamed ‘Ingey’--all of us had 'nick- names—who was placed in the jail under the desk. Here was a piece of chair round and a Jug of biue ink, the latter near arat hole in the gormer. Instead of studying bis lesson “Ingey’ kept his eye on the rat hole. Soon a rat eame out, and received from the chair round a fatal wound, as was ascertained severul days after- ward trom the loud amell, ‘Ingey, however, kept the cause of the smeil a secret, and by that means gave us @ week's holiday, tor the floor of nearly half of the room was taken up in the search tor the defunct rodent, In those days we had to go to school at $ o'clock in summer aud 5:30 in winter, and get out at-4 and 5; that is if not kept in. The custom was for the teacher to read a chapter In the Bible, and in that way muny of the boysbecame proficient in the Book of Proverbs. “Did yoa ever hear of fisning for rats? Well, that house must have contained hundreds, and they were so tame that they would sometimes | Tan across the feet of the pupils. It was no un- common thing for a boy seated near one of the rat holes to put a hook with bait on a stri And drop it down aihole, | Then holding a boo before his face, the boy would glance sideways until he saw a'rat take the hook and then pull him out, There was fun there then. ‘TURNING THE TARLES. About 1844 :there was considerable rivalry between the districts as to which would pass the best examination,give the finest exhibition and inake the finestappearance in the street, In those days, in the summer time, nearly every boy wore ir of white pantaloons and black jacket. en the schools closed the pupits would march to some church or hail to old the closing exercises. At our school one year we agreed to take the shine off the other districts by Practicing marching, and wearin on the day closing white pene and black — with glazed caps and leather belts, The jatter had to be purchased. A committe was appointed and a hatter In Georgetown given the contract, the belts and caps to cost about 30 cents each. “Tuis contract was to be filled on a certain day, and the boys were to call and re- celve them In bulk. When the day arrived the oods Were not ready, and the following day an fndignation meeting was held. After the boys had given their views a proposition was made that they could get even with the delinquent hatter by turning their money into copper. This plan was adopted, and each boy drew out his silverand converted it into copper pennies, Some days afterward word was received that the hats and belts had come, aud the boys of the commitiee went to Georgetown in an omni- bus with about three thousand old coppers in a satehe!. They chuckled as they went at the joke they were playing. On arriving at the store they handed up their money and were about to tulge up the goods when the hatter in- formed them that he would have to see that the cash was correct. He proceeded chuckling at our discomfiture, to lefsurely count the cash, This, as may be supposed, took some time and before he was through we learned that it was not so easy to take a joke as to give one. HOW THE BOYS GoT A HOLIDAY. “Holidays! Yes, we bad some, but not near 8 many asthe schools have now, Christmas, Easter, February 22d and July 4th, with an even month in August being ali the boys en- Joyea. Once we got one by setting Franklin square on fire on an October day, In those dys the bed of the square was trom three to Of course I Jo not know of these | THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. Washington’s Desire to Establish it im the Federal City. WHY HE FAVORED A GRRAT NATIONAL INGTI- TUTION—THE DANGER OF EDUCATING AMERI- CANS ABROAD—HOW HE THOUGHT SECTIONAL PREJUDICES MIGHT BE OBLITERATED, The bill recently introduced in the Senate by Mr. Ingalls to establish and endow a national university in this city has brought forward again for consideration ascheme which was first Proposed by George Washington, and was fa Yored by many distinguished statesmen in the early days of the repubifc. Washington's mind was busied in the latter years of life with many great schemes concerning the future welfare of his country, and he was especially interested in the future of the Federal City. Among the Projects he favored there was none to which he attached more importance than the estab- lishment ofa national university. Heselected asite for the university buildings and set aside, 98 his contribution towards the endowment fund, fifty shares of stook in the Potomac Navi- gation company, which had been voted to him y the Virginia legislature. ‘This gift never became available as the Potomac Navigation Stock never acquired any value. THE GRNEVA PROPOSITION. A plan was proposed at one time to trans plant to America the University of Geneva, but the proposition never met with favor from Washington. Writing to John Adams, No vember 27, 1794, Washington said: “I have not been able to give the papers here- with enclosed more than a hasty reading, re- turning them without delay that you may offer the perusal of them to whomsoever you may think proper, Tho picture drawn in’ them of the Geneveso is re and affect- ing. The proposition of transplanting the mem- bers entire of the university of that place to America, with the requisition of means to es- tablish the same, and tobe accompanied by a considerable emigration, is im) tant, requir- ing more consideration than under the circum stances of the momentIam able to bestow upon it. ‘That a national university in this country isa shine. to be desired has always been my decided optnlon, and the appropriation of fround und funds for it in the Federal City has long been contemplated and talked of; but how far matured, or how far the transporting of an entire seminary of foreigners, who may not un- derstand our language, can be assimilated therein, is more than I'am prepared to give an opinion upon; or, indeed, how far funds in elther case are attainable,” WASHINGTON’S WILL. On the 15th of December following Washing- ton wrote to Edmund Randolph: “For the Teasons mentioned to you the other day, namely, the Virginia assembiy being in se6- sion, aud a plan being on foot for establishing a seminary of learning upon an extensive in the Federal City, it would oblige me Ifyou and Mr. Madison would endeavor to mature the measures, which will be proper for me to pursue, in order to bring my designs into view &$ soon as you can make it convenient to yoar- selves.” enclosed at that time for Mr. Randolph's information, an extract from the will be had drawn making some provision for the university. The extract referred was as follows: “I proceed, after this recital, for the more cor- rect understanding of the case, to declare, that, as it has always been a source of serious regret with me to sce the youth of these United States sent to foreign countries for the purpose of edu- cation, often before their minds were formed, or they had imbibed any adequate ideas of the happiness of their own; contracting too fre- guently, not only habits of dissipation and ex- travagance, but principles unfriendly to re- publican government, and to the true and gen- uine liberties of mankind, which thereafter are rarely overcome; for these reasons it has been my ardent wish to see a plan devised on a lib- eral scale, which would have a tendency to spread systematic ideas through all parts of the rising empire, thereby to do away with local at- tachments and state prejudices, as far as the na- ture of things would, or Indeed ought to admit from our national councils. Looking forw: anxiously to the aceomplishment of so desira- ble an object as this is ( my estimation), my mind has not been able to contemplate any plan more likely to effect the measure than the establishment ofa university in a central Jpn of the United States, to which the youths of for- tune and talents from all parts thereof might be sent for the completion ot their edueation in all the branches of polite literature, in the arts and sciences ,in acquiring knowledge in the principle of politics and good government; and, as 4 matter of infinite importance in iny judgment,by associating with each other, and forming friendships in juvenile years, be enabled to free themselves in a pecper degree from those local prejudices and habitual "fae ousies, which have just been mentioned, and which, when carried to excess, are never-tailiny sources of Sieniense to the public mind, ani pregnant with mischievous consequences to this country. Under these impressivns, so fully dilated, I give and bequeath in Tpetuity the fifty shares, which [ hold in the Potomac com- pany (under the aforesaid acts of the legisiature of Virginia) toward the endowment of a uni- versity Love established within the District of Columbia, under the auspices of the general government, if that government should incline Ww extend a fostering hand towards it; and until such seminary is established, and the fands arising on these shares shall be required for its bao lg my further will and desire is, that the profit accruing therefrom shall, whenever the dividends are made, be laid out in purchasing stock in the bank of’ Columbia, or some other bank, at the discretion of my executors, or by the Treasurer of the United States for the time being, under the direction of Congress, provided that "honorable body should patronize the measure; and the dividends proceeding from the purchase of such stock are to be vested in more stovk, xnd soon until a sum adequate to the accomplishment of the object is obtained, of which 1 have not the smallest doubt before many years away, even it no aid or en- couragement fs given by legislative authority or from avy other source.’ WHY HE FAVORED THIS cry. Washington announced to the commisstoners of the federal district his Intention of con- tributing towards the endowment of a national university in a letter he wrote to those gentle- men January 28, 1795. In this letter he said: ‘A plan tor the establishment of a university in the Federal City has frequently been the subject of conversation; but in what manner it is proposed to commence this important insti. tution, on how extensive a scale, the means by which’ it Is to be effected, how it is to be sup- ported, or what progress is made in it, are mat- ters altogether unkuown to me. It has always been a source of serious reflection and sincere regret with me, that the youth of the United States should be sent to foreign countries for the purpose of education. Although there are doubtless many under these cireamstances who escape the danger of contracting principles un- favorable to republican government, yet we ought to deprecate the hazard attending ardent and susceptible minds of being too strongly and too early prepossessed in favor of other political’ systems beiore they are capable of appreciating their own, For this reason I have greatly wished to see & plan adopted by which the arts and sciences and belles-lettres could be taught in their fuil- ext extent, thereby ombracing all the advant- ages of European tuition, with the means of acquiring the liberal knowledge which is neces- sary to qualify our citizens for the exigencies of public as well as private life, and (which with me is a cousideration of great maguitude) by assembling the youth from the different parts of the rising republic, contributing from their intercourse and Interchange of information to the removal of prejudices, which might per- haps sometimes arise from local circumstances, ‘The Federal City, from its centrality and the vantages which in other respects it must have over any other place in the United Btates, ought to be preferred as a proper site tor such & university.” THE BENEFITS OF CONGRESSIONAL DEBATES. He wrote to Thomas Jefferson March 15,1795, informing him that he had dedicated his navi- gation shares to the purpose of alding in estab- lishing a university in the Federal City. In this letter Washington stated that he gave the Fede- ral City 4 prelerence over other cities in this mutter, bocause it was the permanent seat of Grernmaens, was central and convenient to Virginia, and, “us the seminary is contemplated for the completion of education, and study ot ‘the sciences not for boys in their rudiments, it will afford the studeuts an o) portunity of at- tending the debates in Congress, and thereby becoming more liberally and better ‘equainted with the principles of law and government.” On the 16th of March, 1705, ‘Washington wrote to Rob't Brooke, governor of Virginia, announcing his intention to vest the Potomac shares in the proposed national university, ‘THE SITE CHOSEN, October 21, 1796, Washington wrote from Mount Vernon to the commissioners of the Federal District: “Had not those obstacles opposed themselves to it, which are enumer- ated by one of the commissioners, I should for reasons which are now Unnecessary tome, ign, have given a decided preference for the site, which Was first had in contemplation for a University in the Federal City. ut, as these obstacles appear to be insurmountable, the next best site for Unis purpose, in_imy opinion, is the n led by ‘numbers: twenty-one, wo, thirty-four, forty-tive, sixty to sixty-threo, and E decide in favor Of it accord. ugly. Concelving, if there be space sufficient to-afford it, that a botanical _garton would weg pea Lovee: prliey the institution of fi uni- rel ye juare might thn purbow = ght be applied to ‘The square thus decided upon by Washi: ton, is one of those now ingluded: witiin ats twelve feet below the sidewalks surrounding | gfounds al to the naval observatory. itand was grown up in high grass, which was aie ge = thin and dry. The military with some visttors In “Oak Hill.” Were to purade and we had petitioned without | Written for Tax Evesie Stau, effect for holiday. At the 10 o'clock recess sev- In hallowed grave a mata eral boys went up 14th street, saying there ‘Aueip beneath: seotepa ‘would be no more school that day. Ia-a few « ing rpememlaiae | moments a dense flame and @ started the “A tender bad that tied to bloora,” belis to ringing and the pupils ran off to see the 3s mouldertug in this quiet tomb, Ives in God's own glorious sphere, ‘Three Legs Amoug Three Senators. And blooms in beauty where no ‘From the Utica Observer. ‘Can e'er obscure her Saviors light, Unfolding ‘neath His gentle care Her spirit grows divinely tatr, (And tender radiance | THE LISRARY BUILDING. Details of the Pian Approved by the House Committee, ‘HOW yr 18 PROPOSED TO PROVIDE JOR THE GROWTH OF THE LIBRARY—AX ART GALLERY AND HALL FOR SHOWING MAPS—THE SITE RECOMMENDED AND 17S ADVANTAGES. ‘The report prepared by Mr. Singleton, of the Ubrary committee, and submited to the House, urging the adoption of the bill providing for the Purchase of ground adjoining the Capitol grounds on the east, and the erection thereon Of the library building, according to the plans of Mr, Smithmeyer, the architect, is the came in substance as was made to the leet Congress, After describing the present crowded condition of the library, and giving figures as to its rapid growth, the report arguee against providing for the brary by building an extension to the Capitol, on the ground that such an extension would not make sulteble provision. The esti- mated cost of an extension of the west front is ‘84,200,000, while the d_ separate build- ing is ocost only $2,3: ‘The plans which contemplate an extension of the Capitol build \e report says, would relieve rary foF' vory fow years'at most, ‘THE PLAN OF THE BUILDING. Referring to the proposed Plan of a separate building, the report saye: “It proposes a bulld- ing of ample dimenstons, to hold ultimately three million books, measuring 450 feet by 300 and covering about 2.9 acres of ground. The style of architecture is of the Italian renais- sance order, carefully and economically adapt- ed in all its'parts to the pury fa govern- ment Hbrary, and with interior ‘rangements proved by the librarian. The building 1s de- igned to be of stone in the exterior and of iron nd concrete in the interior, entirely fire-proot in all Its parts, tts a pleasing and sufficient! ornate edifice, without extravagance, and will be entirely in harmony with the Capitol. That this d building 18 none too large for the destined wants of the collection is proven by & few figures which follow: The area covered by the toy the British Museum is 5 acres; area of the National library of France, at Parit 4% acres; area of the Capitol building, 8% acres; area of the proposed National brary, 2.8 ucres. ‘The proposed building, as stated, will contain 3 volumes, with suitable economy of storage. It is not designed to fitup the whole In- terlor at once with fron shelving, but to introduce it gradually, finishing off the central portions, rotunda aud connecting rooms, and the entire exterior structure. The chief element of costis in the tron alcoves of the interior, and in a building so extensive these may be finished in successive years, as wanted for the Increase of books, The most carefully guarded estimates ‘of cost contemplate an expenditure of only $500,000 the frst year, about $1,000,000 the second, and $800,000 the third,’ which will complete the building for occupancy in all its Fee eioent irene Fring1,000,000 books,and loaving space for the gradual introduction of ad- ditional iron alooves in the coming fifty years, the ultimate gross cost of which will not exoeed $700,000, or an averace of less than $14,000 a year. When it is considered that the copyright: fees paid into Geant s amount “ ae $20, @ year, while the pecuniary value of copyright publications recelyed annually is vey much greater than this, the exnenditure wi appear moderate in cam) n with the great resulting benefits anc the national im- Portance of the work. THE SITE. As to the site provided for in the Senate bill, the committee have given to the subject careful consideration, and have compared it with other proposed locations, ‘They find that it combines the requisites of vicinity to the Capitol, salu- brity, ation of site, and desirable surround- ings, to agreater degree than any other. It is perfectly level, requiring no expenditure for grading, or extra cost in preparing foundations, its elevation makes the site rfectiy dry, which is a cardinal point in providing for agreat national library to last for centuries. The pro- posed site is te newrest eligible ground to. the Japitol that can be hac lone of the squares north or south of the Capitol are at all suitable for a building so large and massive as the library structure; being in a line with an archi- tectual edifice of such magnitude, besides the serious objection that they are ona side hill, thus greatly increasing the cost of the build- ing.’ “Regarding the question of removal of the library, and the convenience of supplying books from its roposed site 10 the Capitol, the committee report that wherever {t be located, it is proposed to retain the existing central library room,containing about 70,000 volumes, such as experience has shown to be most needed. as a brary for dajly use and reference, Any calls for authorities beyond these can be sup- plied from the main library, through the use of the telephone, in from five to six minutes, or about the time now Socnpled by the pages in procuring books for members of the Senate or the House, respectively. Additional force 1s jiven to the arguments for a new library bulld- ing in the fact that the removal of the library from the two wings would vacate space which would give to the Senate and House from fit. teen to twenty new committee rooms, now so urgently needed; or the document and folding rooms as well as the file rooms of both houses mene be removed to these wings, already fitted with iron fire-proof shelving, thus vacating for committee rooms all the spaces occupied by these offices. THE READING ROOM, The present library, the roport says, has no reading room worthy of the name. The pro- posed building would have a reading room as lange as the rolunda of the Capitol. from which the alooves of books would rndiate in all direc- tions, thus reducing the waste of time and space in the library toa minimum. By the use of numerous lifts or elevators, the different sto- ries of the library edifice would be brought into close and quick connection, By abundant sky- lights and spacious inner courts, as well as by the fact that the four exterior walls of the library would be pierced with numerous win- dows, there would be secured the best lighted library building in the world. By the most im- proved interior ventilation system an equable temperature could be secured in the upper and lower stories alike, while long experience has demonstrated that’ neither proper light. nor wholegome ventilation are attainable In the Capitol building. The planof the new buildin; provides an art gullery on the second floor, 30 feet vy 25, in which the collection of art objects in the library can be arranged and uUllized. It is proposed, also, to have a special hall for the exhibition of maps, ee THE WOMAN'S EXCHANGE. Helping Needy Women to Help Them- selves—The Report for the Ye: At the recent annual meetingof the Woman's exchange, the rooms of which are located at 1509 H street, officers for the ensuing year were elected as follows: President, Mrs. Fitz- hugh Coyle; vice presidents, Mra. Jay Cooke, Miss Julia Strong; recording secretary, Mrs, W. B, Bryan; corresponding secretary, Miss Mary Childs; treasurer, Miss Kate Bradiey. The statement of what had been done during the year presented interesting facts in regard to the work of helping women to help themselves, It said that the sewing room has been the most difficult branch to manage, but it has recently been reorganized, and promises ‘capabiliti which, if increased, would male it profitable as well as helpful, THE PRACTICAL SIDE. The report of the fancy work committee shows entries to the number of 1,719, embracing the work of 243 women, and sales amounting to $852.64. The cake committee reports 40 reg- Ular ‘consignors, and receipts for the year $1,991.13. It will be seen that the average profit of consignors to the cake department is much larger than that of the fancy work con- iguors, but by reaching a greater ‘number the end work fay pepe accomplishes quite as much in the field of the exchange work. ‘The receipts of the finance committee from sub- Scribers and active members were $241.65, This covers a list of 75 subscribers besides the active members. The appeal made by this committee and others ts earnestly reiterated — to makeevery effort to increase the number of subscribers so thata permanent fund at least sufficient to cover the rent of the rooms may be depended upon from thissource. Inspite of the encouraging progress in many directions, the report says, the managers have straggled with @ constant anzloty lest the long dull season of summer should completely exhaust the funds, ‘The report of the treasurer, Miss Kate Bradley, showed that the receipts during the year amounted to $5,203.46, of which $2 994.44 wus realized from sales.’ The cash on’ and’ at the close of the year was $255.82. THE MEMBERS. The present memtership of the exchange is constituted as follows: Miss Alley, Mrs. W.B. Bryan, Mrs. G. L. Bradiey, Miss Ballantyne, Miss K, Bradley, Mra. L. M. Bittinger, Mrs, F. Coyl ‘Miss Carter, Miss Childs, Mra. Annie Craig, Miss Helen Childs, Mrs. Jay Cooke, Miss Cresson, Mrs. H. E. Davis, Miss Dawes,’ Miss Douglass, Miss Egieston, Miss Emery, Miss Gallaudet, Miss Hodge, Miss J. V. Jewell, Mrs. Alexander Magruder, Mise Mauro, Mrs, O'Reilly, Miss Patterson, Miss iiddie, Miss Miss iellabarger, Min 'Thonipion, Mrs. Geutro Mt. Whoslen, Mi! Howard White, Miss Marion West, Mra. W. M. ‘Wood, Miss Wilson and Miss Niles. ‘The subscribers are Mrs, Fitzhugh Coyle, Judge Strong, Mrs, Anna P. Westoott, Mrs, D. B. James, Mrs. Edward Janin, Mrs. John Rod- Mr. James E. Fiteh, Mrs. Poindexter, Mi {E'R M. Mason, Mrs. Capt. Gideon; Mine MC BL, Parson, Mies A. J. Jobneon, Mrs, M. B, Wilkin- son, Miss Colt, Mrs. C. D. Drak ‘ise M. Li. r, Mrs. Hutchinson, sere ary Alexandr, ir. J.C. TRG f i FF ‘Miss 8. Grooley, Mie Anaile Craig: Pious field, Mies E. Matthe Mrs, Mise Fenny Childe, Mr-W. Hi Mrs. 0: G. Mocealey: Miss Kate W. Cannon, Mrs E 0. ‘Mra. Florence Mrs. J. Miss Mads 3 ‘tls Phitpité, bars 1 Basen. i} } a e Fe Bb 5 a a E g ip + i F 1-41 BF fe THE DREADED NIGHT DOCTOR. A Bug-a-Boo Which Terrorizes Many A TALE WITH A COLORED MAN WHO BELIEVES IN “GLAP” DOCTORS AND DARE NOT LEAVE HOME AT NIGHT—TALES TOLD ABOUT BULLET AND RAZOR PROOF IMAGINARY MONSTERS. ‘No person unless he bas listened to their har- Towing tales can realize the deep-rooted beliet in the existence of “night doctors” among the more ignorant and superstitious class of colored People. Voodvoism, the hidden art of conjur- ing and “night doctors” are all found among the articles of faith of many of this clas. They ‘will not listen to arguments intended to ais- ‘abuse them of such tidiculous ideas, for their own or their friends’ imagined experiences are Proof enough to them. Every now and then a caso in the Police Court shows how some scamp has taken advantage of their credullty to rob them of their hard earned money by pre- tending to practice voodooism upon them, or shows that police officer was des- perately resisted at the dead of night simply because the man to be arrested as a sus- cious character believed the officer to bea “night doctor.” For the benefit of the unin- formed, it may be stated thata night doctor ts aman ‘whois belleved to kidnap unwary col- ored people in the dark, clapping a plaster over their moutbs and noses carries them off to dissecting rooms, where they are isid upon the table and dissected for the benefit of science be- fore the blood has become cold in their velns. A BELIEVER IX NIGHT DocToRS, ASrak reporter, learning that there was a believer In nigh’ doctors in one of the depart- ments, hunted him up the other day, He found him about to unload a truck of fire wood in one of the corridors of the department. He had just, taken the first atick in his hand to deposit it in the wood box when THE STAR man si and bluntly asked: “Do you know anything about night doctors 2” ‘The colored man di the stick like a flash and seemed very much frightened as he sus pictously clanced at bis questioner. “Wha’ fur you ax me sich queshuns?” he exclaimed, ‘The Teporter explained that he was a sort of de- tective, anxious to get some Information about the rascals who prey upon unoffending colored ple. “Kf you Is a ‘tector, whar's your sign?” Reausptciouily asked. ‘The assurance thot the questioner was a private detective, and did not need a badge, did not prove entirely satisfactory, but It was broad daylight, and the colored man Tegained his equanimity somewhat, but kept on his guard, Leaning on his pile of ‘wood, he said in a low voice: “Now I don’t know ef you is a "tector, or ef you Js one of 'om yo'set. i you és one of 'ém, mind I don’t say you Is, but ef you is, {o' God’s sake lem me J nevah done no hahm to nobody, an’ I want to keep clar of dem tolks you istalkin’ "bout,” PLENTY OF THEM AROUND. After more assurances and questions as to whether there really were such people, he sald confidentially: “Of cose dey 1s slap doctors, lenty of’em. I'm skeered mos’ to def, cum hk. My ole ’oman wont lom me go onten de house inde night, and deed I doan’ want ter. Dey is bofe colored and white, aud dey go in droves, mosly fo’ in arow. Efdey ketoh you, 1g good bye.” “Did you over meet one?” asked the reporter. “Deed I did, boss, wunst, I'll _nevah give ‘em gnidder chance ef I kin holy it, and dats why Istay under kiver in de night.” A THRILLING EXPERIENCE. “Tell me about it,” urged the reporter. “Well, you know whar de momment (monu- ment) is? An’ you know dat bit of road wat goes down by de water? Well I was drivin’ de’ wagon inde dark long dat road. Dey was a boy in de wagon wif me. Tgot down otten de wagon to fix de girt, and den I was shore some- was follerin’me. I turned round quick an’ Yseed a inan flop on iis back tn de long grass, Ididn't let on I seed him, but got in de wagon and driv’ along. I'spicioned dey was sumpin’ follerin’ us, an’ I got out agin, 'tendin’ to fx de girt agin. ° I indo’ turned my eye over my shoulder, and I seed he'd mos’ ketched us, ‘Oh Lord!’ I’ hollered, and landed in de wagon, and 1 lashed dat olé horse an’ driv’ off te fas’ as he could run an’ gotaway.” “Are you salistied he was one of them?” asked the reporter. “I aint sa’sfled nuffin’ ‘bout ft," he ex- claimed indignantly. “I know he was one of vem, an’ he mighty nigh tuk me.” CHASED HOME BY ONE, “Does your wife belicve in night doctors?” asked the reporter. “Believe in’em! Why she's ben runned by ‘em, an’ she seed ’em ketch aman. One maw- nin’ fore light she was lookin’ out en de winder. an’ she seed ’em knock a ladder from en under man, an’ when he come down dey jes’ clapped him inter a wagon an' driv’ off,makin’ no noise. She tole me ‘bout dat long ago, and jes’ de udder day 1 was wonderin’ ef she'd tell de same story, 80, sz I pears like I beara some body tell about night doctors knockin’ a ladder from en under a man an’ packin’ him off’. ‘Dut was me,’ Says she, and den she tole desame tale ezackly. Den I khowed she was tellin’ de trufe. Dey Tunned her once, but dat was befo’ I was married, and I doan’ know de sahcumstances, She was out in sahvice den, an’ dey runned her clean to her own do’, an’ she buss-ed in jes’ in time. Her daddy done tuk her out of sahvice den, an’ { married her.” “You say that there are colored doctors as well as white?” asked THESTAR man, “Yes, dey is bofe kinds, an’ dey get $20 or $25 fur every one dey ketch. 1doan’ blame de white folks so much et dat’s dere bizness, but for my ‘own color! I'd Jes’ like to kill’em, But den—you. can’t habm em,’ “Why not?” asked the reporter. “Now you know jes as wellas I do dat dey ts sheeted from head to toes. Shootin’ ’em is no good, and dey turn de edge of a razzer jes’ like a stone wall. No, indeed, de oniest way 1s to keep clar of ’em, Dats wat I'm a doin, tode best 1 kin.” AN opp sToRY. “Do you know anyone else who ever met them?” asked the reporter. “Dey isa man in dis buildin’ wot tole me— now mind Idoan know no more ’bout dis wot I'm tellin’ dan dis yer stick 0’ wood, 'cepen wot he done tole me. He said he seed ‘em ketch a little girl, an’ dey put sumpin’ nudder yer (pointing to the front and back of his head), and sumpin” nudder yer (pointing to the sidés of his head), an’'den dey put a band roun’ her body to Keep do cirkiashun from movin’, an’ den dey strung her it an’ she was laughin’ all de time, kind o’conjured like, In ‘bout five minutes de blood all funned out of her feet into a bucket, an’ den she was toted off to de ‘sectin’ room.” A SUSPECTED PERSON, Just then one of the messengers passed by and was keenly eyed by the speaker, “What's the matter with him?” asked Tax STAR man. “Dey ain’t nuffin’ de matter wif him yit as I snows on, but I’se bin ‘spicionin’ him fur a loi time back. I kind o' believe he’s one of 'em. ain't, got “no proof yit, but T'se @ watchin’ im.” “ain't so sure ’bout you nuther,” he con- tinued, his suspicions being again aroused, “but ag I tole you befo’ ef you is one of ’em for God’ sake lem’ me by,” and the old man, with this parting prayer, turned to his work, declin. ing to talk further on a subject which occupied most of nis waking momen ‘The next day the reporter met him in the department and was instantly recognized by him, As soon as he caught the reporter's eye be made a 1n such @ manner as to show that he still had his doubts and fears, and wanted to make himself solid if they should be correct. ‘Transfers of Renl Estate. Deeds in fee have been filed as follows: 3, N, Whitney to Wash, Danenhower, subs, 21 10 25, nq. 44; 8. Ida L. Stevens’ to G. F. Stevens, lot 38, 89. 166; $11,000, J.B. MoLean to Maria ©. Peet, fot 148, sq. 646; $1,550. A, Richards to J. 'K. Lineweaver, sub. lot 8, sq. 289; $6,250. 'K. J. Newton to'R. L. Eliot, lot 77, 6q. 863; $1,330, Elizabeth L. Dann to R. J, Geare, lot’73, Lanier Heights; $675. 0. A. Pike to Michael F. Coughlin, sub. lot 62, sq. 190; $2,050. T. J. Fisher to J. Gunnin; Kelton, sub, lots 19 to 21, sq. 158; $8,906.25. 8. H. Warner to C. B. Pearson, lots’ 3 and 5 and +4, 8, P. B.'s sub. of Mt. Pleasant; $3,200. De" MeMinatin “to °R, O'Neill, sub.’ 3s sq. 643; $800. N. D. Larner, trastes! otal. to Annas Lynch, n. 4 lot 25, aq. 253! $13,000. Annie E. D. Brown to W. 0. Duvall pi, B. sa: 23; §— J.J. Allbright, to” Edward wvetly, pt 4; Block 8, LeDrolt Park: 8—P. G. Laner to M. B. Ryan, Be ‘sub 77,89. 485; 83,; John Sherman to A.'5. Bateman, lot 11, block 80, Columbia Heights; $—. G. H. B. White A, Cronin, sub Ite 147 to 169, 9a. 207 $6,200. Carrio B. 1. Knox to A, B. Coppes trust, sub 83, 6g. 643; $840. ‘St. Augustine normal school, of Raleigh, to Washington Gas Writ eBrice ot 8, bq, 835° Sc0: ee SBSH Gina se a tstoay ta Beale . W. 8. Cox et aly nie ice lot 69, sq. 872; $480. G. ney to ham }. Brad 812; $4,185.25. ‘C. B. Rheem to B. H. Wi Sublow ii to iat: an. 623; $0,250. G. M. rick to Jos, Sheridan, pis, 17 ai fo. He heey tot 17, Hrewer to Avinte v. al, Wo erty; 4 Se ety ee Be carrie ET Knox to. Bidet, yaaington investment Cp., lot 6 and pt.7, 10, J.B. Hertford to J. T. Kn Sherman's sub Pleasant Knott to Susan Aj Her " ‘Julia C,Townshend to Lydia , 8q. 207; $8,000. H. T. Burkley to Johi Bury, Sau 1) Wigrotia’s estate; Biddle to H. 5. lots 9 THE BOGUS BUTTER FRAUD. Batterine and @leomargarine Threat- ening the Dairy Business. ALLEGED VIOLATIONS OF LAW IN THIS DIS- ‘TRICT—HOW BOGUS BUTTER MAKERS OPER- ATE—A LAW WHICH CANNOT BE ENFORORD— ‘MR. CRANE'S VIEWS ON THE SUBJECT. To the Editor of Tax Evanuxo Stan: Last spring I called attention through the col- umns of THE STaz to the enormous quantity of oleomargarine and butterine sold on this mar ket in violation of law. Much interest was ‘awakened, but owing to lateness ofthe season and the fact that pure butter soon after took such a decline in price that bogus butter could not find purchasers the interest In this import- ant question soon diedout. Pure butterranged solow during the summer months that but little if any of the connterfelt article was sold here from June to Octeber, But when the cows began to dry up and the make of fine butter was confined mostly toa few creameries that run through the winter the price edvanced from twenty-five to fifty percent. Then it was that oleomargarine and {ts twin brother butterine, both illegitimate children, born of avarice, sneaked from thelr summer hiding places and began to assert themselves. First cautiously, Mkea returned criminal with an indictment hanging over his head, and then more boldly, ‘until now they are sold as openly on this mar Kot ae butter end tn greater, quantities than ever. Al first the sales wore light. Something pected od sane arp Lape pure — #0 the device was bit upon of sending agen! in to force Up prices Bigin ie altuated about forty miles west of Chicago, and has a world wide reputation for its fine creamery butter. It is the center of the finest butter mal we region in the world, especially in winter. ft has a board of trade that meets every Monday tox the price of butter for that week. The most of the butter made in the numerous creamerics around Elgin is contracted tor during the win- ter, either y, direct sale or consignment, at joes fixed by the Elgin board of trade every londay, which prices are telegraphed over the country for the guidance of dealers. There is generally a smailsurplus not contracted for, and the price that surplus brings at Elginevery Monday fixes the price ot Elgin butter sor that wee PUTTING UP THE PRICE OF BUTTER, The butterine manufacturers seeing thelr opportunity were not slow to improve it. No- vember 24 the price fixed by the Elgin board of trade was 27 cents. That seemed to be high enough judged by the quantity of butter on the American market, and dealers in pure butter could see no reason why it should take an im- mediate advance. But December 1 the agents of the butterine manufacturers were on hand, and purposely bid against each other on the small surplus offered, taking exerybody by fo age and forcing the price up to 30 cents, whieh figures went out to the country as the price of butter at Elgin for that week. But this aid not make bogus butter sell, so the next week they put itup to 32.cents, and the next,De- sember 15, to35 cents, which they followed bya grand coup ieee ie! everything Elgin had to offer at 40 ceni though only 36 cents was asked, that being the top price any butter was selling for in any cit in America. The next week, December 22, they took itagain at 40 cents, and then having ‘accomplished their aa, chew let abe. balloon wey, re inated collapse, by Ing out and leaving Elgin without buyers for lis urplun, Deniers at the east in orderto make thelr butter net 40 cents aL aan had been asking 43cents,which buyers would not pay. Then bogus buttercame to the front. Eastern buyers, not knowing what to depend on, dare not ‘order; and the sale of Elgin creamery almost entirely ceased. Elgin dealers struggied hard tokeep the market from breaking, by bidding om butter they did not want, and succeeded in stopping the decline that week at 38 cents, in hopes that the next Week the market would reoover, But their efforts were unavailing. Eastern ‘buyers had got thelr eves open, and seeing how they were being victimized, refused to order even at 3S conts, and the result was that the next week, Jan 4, a panic set In and the price went down to 32% cents, where it still remains, One is at loss lo know which to regara with the most contempt, the cunning rascals who put up this Job to ‘enable them the better to palm their soap grease off upon the country for butter, or the cold-blooded schemers at Elgin, ‘who for a little present gain seem to be ready at any time to strike hanas with the butterine ring, and sacrifice their friends who are making a fight for pure butter. This sot back will probably teach these greedy, mena Jesson that they cannot fix the price of fine butter for the whole United States. New York, the great center of trade, is the place where the prive of butter, as well’ as all Other articles of merchandise, is fixed, and it is as absurd for the board of trade ot the little town of Elgin to attempt to make @ price for the whole country as for the tail to attempt to wig the dog. AN INOPERATIVE LAW. Ttisasad sight to witness the condition of things in this District at the present time. ‘With a population of over 200,000, we are as helpless as children. Dented the right of suffrage, even to the electing ofa school trustee, we are atthe mercy of every avaricious per- son or scheming demagogue that choses to im- Pose upon us. Dependent upon a congress for our laws, that has no timeto digest them, or to correct ils own blunders, we are continually being saddled with laws not worth the r they are written upon, Take the oleomargarine jaw for instance. By a stupid blunder in put- ting the word “indicted” in that bill iv is made nearly inoperative. This law makes the sale of any article as butter that ismade from the fat of animals in serablance of butter, a misde- meanor, punishable by a flue of $100 or im- Prisonment until pai It then goes on to practically nullify itself bj roviding that those who violate this law shall be led inst by “indictment,” a, taking the offender out of the jurisdiction of Judge Snell, though his court Was created for the express purpose of trying all cases of misdemeanor. The case lrus first to come before Judge Snell to find out whether the accused can be held, oo cupying us much Ume in finding this out as it would take to dispose of the case. Then the grand Jury sit on it, and it a bill’ is found, it may be reached by the Criminal Court in the course of two or three months, when the wit- nesses may have died or moved aw: ‘This stupid law has stood on the statute books for seven years, practically inoperative, though all it needs to bring the brea within the jurisdiction of Judge Snell, is to strike out from the second section the two words “by in- dictment.” These two superfluous words ve made the law inoperative. Attention was called to this defect last year. Why do not the Commissioners see that the needed correction is mude? . One of foe ir lores isa great intelligence, e Sfpistrictisws, Why beshe not brought this matter to the attention of the District Commit tees in Congress? But w! ts, the law oould be enforced if there were @ disposi- tion to enforce it. For the intormation of all concerned I quote the law entire, putting in italics the two words that should be stricken out, hoping that if neither the District Commissioners nor the Dis- trict committee in Congress, take interest enough in this important subject to move in the matter, that some member who has a con- stituency Interested in the dairy business will have the proper correction made. WHAT THE LAW SAYS, ‘The law is as follows: * An act for the protection of datrymen, and to prevéat of Columbia Geitenacted, we- (Section 1.] ‘That eve Poder or who shall manufacture for sale, or who shall Tepe me uy arise Or betnnce in wambnes of buter or cheese, not the legitimate luct of the Say Sha not made exclusietiy ofmiik oreetass oe Siea%onich the oll or fal of animals nov poscseey hoes bulikventers as a component pors,or late whies atioed butter, or any oil bas the piace of cream, shall stamp, brand tn rita to the pi ; aluly ‘written ‘or printed word oleomarga Pika tis kaye or lectern na aforeaai And every cai sar Eich artes‘ Gubslage not to siauaped. Branded, Figs tin be maintained tor the pfice thereat Of this act the a S i at : ee 8 5 ef le i l 3] fi H : HH HE rt u iH ‘THE MAGNITUDE OF THE DAIRY Perhaps gentlemen who sneer at this question as a trivial matter are not aware of the tude four dairy business and tho damage to thet business caused by ‘and consump- tion terfelt butter. Statistics show that Ho? Saige ‘of the ‘butter, checse soa maaly duet in this 000,000. ceivable device is resorted to to bring this vil- lainous stuff Into use. = WHAT BOGUS BUTTER IS MADE OF. It would be weil for people before engaging in the sale or consumption of bogus butter as It is now made, to Know of what it is composed. There are sixty different articles named by seventeen patentees in their several patents. Among them are sugar of lead, bisulphate of lime, salicylic acid, benzole acid, orris root, cotton Seed oil, bicarbonate of soda, glvce- rine, capsylic acid, alum, capsic acid, suiphite of soda, cow's udders, sulphuric actd, in, tallow, ‘lard, salt corn starch, butyric ether, caustic potash, castor oil, chalk, slippery elm dari ‘oll of sesame, oll of sunflower seeds, yarnip seed at broma ctiloratam, Sweet almonds, oil of > of mi stomach of , buty- ric acid, bicarbonate of potash and caustic soda. But these articles are innocent compared with some things that are used. It is notorious that what js called butterine is now generally made soap factories. It is only # @ays since that ‘the undersigned haa to bim from a large soap ‘At the west, a sample of anda sample of butterine.’ The two go hand in band together, Why is butterine made iu factories? = The reason is evident. It is because it can be made cheaper there. If “the ham-fat man” brings in more grease than is wanted for ‘soap the surplus can be made into butterine. Ifhe brings in more than ix wanted for butter: ine, the surplus can be turned intos In this way the two play ipto each other's hands. The of bleaching and deodorizing is said to be about the same iu each, the same poison- ous alkalis being usedin each, If wrong tn this I stand ready to be corrected. It is a mistaken idea that some have that butterine iv never made of anything but the purest leat lard and best creamery butter. It may be that he manufacturers pure leaf lard to use in their business. If so, have never beard of it Butterine can be rcebie hk yrom ‘and I be- lieve is aot ee en and sometimes of Pees ciegosting Ee . ra eee a4 an gh Soa SA BY for in" comes ry as when It is 20, i ves that but little, if any butter enters into ts composition. It having no smell or taste ot its own, all that is needed is that the little whic! obtained b; urning be or milk. ‘Itis thenoolored and salted to, sult ‘the eye and taste, christened by SOME FANCY NAME, and put upon the market as butter, When the butterine men were buying up all the Elgin butter they could get at forty cents per pound, drummer trom a neighboring. oity tried to in: duce me to buy what he called his fancy brand of butterine at twelve cents per pound, agreeing to mark 1t "Snow Flake Creamery,” “ Morning Star Creamery,” “ Rising Sun Creamery, by any other high sounding name I mighi select, telling me ne was selling it all over Washing- ton to dealers, who in turn sold It for butter, he marking it “Fresh Creamery Butter,” or’ by any other name they chose to have put on it, lat the worst remains to be told of this dis reputable business. Formerly dead animals Were collected and ‘buried ata heavy expense. Now they command a premium, even to the rabid dogs. What becomes of them? Let the bolling establishments and the butterine tac- tories answer. Horses dying with gianders or pneumonia, and dogs dying with rabies are all gathered up and carted to the boiling establish- ment, where tre fat is extracted, put DP. ia bar- rels and shipped Spine This: re a atter being put in shipping order, is ook as erences n or, ean AL? Where does it, go, and for Ww: 6 it used? Is itmarked to distinguish trom any other fat? Iam told not by one who has been in the business. What assurance have we that It does not find its way to thg butterine tacto- ries? None. There seins to be no certainty of getting pure butter but to juire the maker to have a registered trade mark and to brand the same with his tall name, residence, and warrant that the article is pure butier on every package. ‘This have had done, but Iam sorry to nay It doesn't seem to be appreciated. Three-fourths of the community don't seem tocare what they sell or eat, so long as it looks well, does not smell bad, and is cheap. Between the selfish- ness of the bogus butter maker, the dealer and the consumer, the con ee to deal in anything but pure butter st 8 pretty good cance of being crushed between the upper and nether millstone, HOW BOGUS BUTTER MAY BR DETECTED. People who are not good judges of butter, and who have not a fine sensitive teste find it difficult to distinguish pure butter from bogus, Tosuch I would say: There is asure and uner- ring test by which at a trifling cost youcan know whether the butter you have boughtis pure: not. Take a slender suming a bright golden western ‘sky “during a clear ‘sunset bogus it will assume a cloudy or pag and remain so, while the alkalies manufacture will settle, forming a ment at the bottom, which is wo g0 to Prof. of the poison. It this test is not sat Taylor, the eminent microscopist. Agri- cultural d ent, to whom the citizens of Washington, as well as the whole country, owe made by him with the embryo cod, says: “Since my arrival here, I have observed that, some days after batching, the larval integu: ment over the head of the embryo cod 1s raised. more and more from the top and sides of the brain, A epacious serous cavity 1s thus formed over the brain: 90 that, when the embryo is Viewed from the front, ft secms as if it bore # sac on the head almost as large ar the yelk-bag formerly had been, attached to the top and sides of the head. Ou account of the fact that the young larve of the cod aeem to delight tore main near the surface, It hax occurred to me that this vesicular sinus above the brain Is of use in buoying the young embryos up after have escaped from the egg. That this is ac tually trae, T have every reason to believe from the circumstance tbat embryos a few days old never rest in the water In a horizontal posit Dut with the head uppermost, and the tai slanting backward and downward from {tat an angle of When swimming, they move horizontally; ‘but at once, upon coming to rest, the young fizh assumes a slanting attitude, tne tail dropping down into the inclined postii while the head is thrown up. The lange sinus here described was first observed by me, ina less developed condition, on the head of the embryo Spanish mackerel in 1880." eos — BRAINS AND CORPULENCY. A Genius who Proposes to Investigate Their Relations, A LONG-HAIRED PHILOSOPHER AND TB xB SION IN WASHINGTON—CONGRESS AS AN E+ PERIMENTAL FIELD—FAT AND LEAN MEM AND THEIR COMPARATIVE INTELLIGENCE, He had mission and it had brought him from a remote village of the far west to the na Uon's capital. He did not come as the represen- tative of any body of men, but in the interest of science and the advancement o{ knowledge, The style of wearing the hair in the vicinity of his home was entirely in favor of ong flows ing locks, and be had not had an op ortunity since his arrival to change ft inc oformity with the prevailing mode. The cut of bis clothes was open to criticism, but he Lad evie dently not given much attention to such cons cerns, and then besides he had more im sortant matters to think about, The earnest, clic tered manner, which brought every cistnl cn. Versation finally to one subject proclaimed this and it was not difficult to learn what was the question of paramount importance In his, esti= mation. So that when aNTAx reporter came in contact with bim it was not many minutes bo- fore he said: “Did you ever think of tho relations which brain power bears to the mere physical sissues of the body?” THE STAR man was somewhat staggernd by this inquiry, but remarked that be had nut given the subject very much attention. A PERPLEXING PROBLEM, “Ot course you havn't,” replied the man, as tf he was accustomed to such replies. “But I have, I have thought about it a great deal. it isn Very Interesting subject when you come to give somie attention to it, but at the sume time it Is rather perplexing and intricate one. ‘To put itstmply, the problem may thus be stated: Does theta aee ay i Relea ratio to the extent of the adipose tise, Tho authorities all say thet fat ix he result largely ot bodily inactivity. and that it may be waken as an indication of si mental powers, but Tam inclined todoubtthetr dictum. ‘Among Uae people living in my neighborhood there are Tiany exceptions, are fat men whoare smart aud fat men who are stupid. Then on the other hand there are some bright lean men, ax well as some sluggish lean men. So that sou see trom the range of my observation the dic tum of the philosophers is not at all estab- CORPULENT BUT BRIGHT, “Now, for instance,” he went on with in- creased earnestness, as ho thrust bis finger Into the button-hole of the listener's coat, “there is my Congressman. He 4s, undoubtedly, one of the greatest men of the country. He stands at the head in our section, as I suppose that all members of Congress do in their respective dis tricts, He can beat the ministers talking, he knows more than the doctor and the lawyer, and when he rides around just before ion he can give the farmers points about soils and ter- tlizers, He isa very je man, and we are all very proud of him. But he is nota lean ‘mau; he is fat, Now, you see, there is no ques- {ion @bout his intellectual power, for, as I have said, he is the chief man in ourcountry. I, however, it is true that the accumulation ot fut 4s not accompanied with brain force, thon our Congresaman is ap exception to the rule. But 1 have iound other exceptions in our neighbor- hood, of course not so notable. Then whon I read that David Hume, Edward Gibbon, Napo- Jeon and other great men, past and prosen Were corpulent, I aim still further at sea on th! question.” CONGRESS AS AN EXPERIMENTAL GROUND, “You ere over your head, as it were,” re marked THE STAR reporter, as he tried tv move off. will settle this matter beyond the shadow of a foubt, By eld of operation bas hitherto been limited. I have come down here where the Tesentative men of the nation are to be t I take it thatall the members debt tude for his scientific ex; Otbogus. Satter. "He, with bis unerring malero- scope, will Instantly tell whether the article i J. H Craxm a HATCHING COD IN A TUB. TAKING YOUNG CoD TO THE GULF REGION— HOW THE EGGS AR HATCHED—THE CoNDI- TIONS WHICH HAVE TO BE OBSERVED—HOW THE LITTLE FISH ARE SHIPPED, “Give me a wash-tub,” said Col. Marshal Me- Donald, of the fish commission,“and I can batch ‘out two million young cod from the eggs at an expense of about four dollars.” This remark was made yesterday while THE Sak reporter was inspecting the huge flasks or jars in which the young cod brought from Woods Holl, Mass., for shipment to Florida, were swimming about. The little cod, which were about an eighth of an inch long, were very active in the sea water, Mhich filled’ the glass jars, They did not look much like the cod which the inlander is accus- tomed to see Ing Up in the corner grocery. ‘Atsome distance irom the Jat each litde cod looked something like a tiny string ot minute black beads. Upon closer Inspection one could see that there was transparent tissue in the form of a fish, and the bead-like ee was caused by a series of dark bands in this tissue. In Colonel McDonald's ‘opinion the two most important works now being conducted by the fish commission are the experiments in acclimatization being made with the shad in the Colorado river and that Which is 10 be made with the cod in the gulf region. The half-million young cod received Yesterday were shipped to-day for Pensacola, There they will be taken aboard s revenue steamer and carried out to sea a distance of twenty-five miles to the of the cold deep- ‘water basin, where they will be deposited. WHAT COD WANT. ‘The cod’s habitat is the cold water of the sea, Col. MacDonald said to = STax reporter that the water of the Gulf of Mexico, where it is Proposed to deposit the cod, was as cold as that Sr the Gult of Maine. "As to food, the cod, will eat anything, from a jelly-Ash to an old boot. Recently one caught by English fishermen was found to have in fis stomach a flask of brandy. ‘The flask was unbroken and the brandy was in good condition. At the Woods Holl station, which heretofore has been largely devoted to the purely sclentife work of te Hsh commis. ‘periments lo ascertain the practicabil- tir Bt con proparedion have been aoeaoraed since 1879. It has been deemed of t im- ce 10 devise some means of replenishing ‘stock of cod in the sea, Two cod were planted off the Massachusetts in 1879, The eggs were taken from the cod, which is easily di by fishermen froma the school cod, or those caught inshore, ‘Within the last few cod have taken inshore which are different from the school cod and are su of are like our member, the smartest. men in their re- spective districts, and hence taken as a body, may be considered to tee of Intellectual de: tof the country. to ascertain the w ot every member of Congress and then average tof each as compared with the total weight. This will demonstrate the exact ae corpuleney which is consistent with legree the best mental power of the country, But the inquiry be pushed even turther. You can te the weight of the largest members of CShgress and ‘sirike an average. Ur cles you can take the weight of the men who are conceded to have demonstrated the poascasion ofa high degree of brain foree, and learn the average pounds avordupois to each man, Some hundreds of years ago, the same system was applied to the members of the English parlia- ment, but the inquiry was parsued tor a pure tisan purpose, and the result, showing that the Irish members had more ability in proportion to their avordupois than others, hus not the value to the true im that such an inquiry ought to bave. I have not been able to find the figures of this investiga: tion, but simply the above deduction as 1 re- member reading itin some book where it was merely reterred to, Iam going right to work to get my muterials, and I Uhink that the results ‘will be of benefit to the worl AN IMPARTIAL INQUIRY, “I suppose that you want to persuade people to get fat,” said THE STAR man, somewhat im patient at his long detention. “Iam an impartial, independent investign- tor,” replied the long-haired philosopher, with solemnity Of manner, “I seek Ube truth, data which I obtain may prove that corpulency is prejudicial to the devel ment and exercise of mental powers. I «hall notiry to evade such a deduction, Whatever conclusions may be legitimately drawa from my investigations will be ew spony, A made known to the world. But I think that Congress ought to authorize a commission to couduct such an investigation. Now don't you th But THE STAM man refused to. think, and the statistical philosopher suddenly found’ himself without a listener, and afer 4 moment of de- Jection brightened up and went in scarch of @ new victim. = e9 ____ THE NEW DISTRICT BUILDING. Some of the Details of Inspector En- twisle’s Pian. Ever since the subject of erecting a butlding for the District government was first mooted Inspector Entwisle has been considering the character of the building that should be erected, and, throngh District Architect Brady, has produced a plan which some days ago, as stated in THE STAR, Mr. Entwisle submitted to the ‘Commissioners. This plan, it seems, meets with the favor of the Commissioners. It proposes a building of brick, with stone outside trimmings, whieh will vide accommodati for all brapehes of the District service. TI building will be 240 teet long by 11 1879. To the name of the “fish commission HOW THE COD ARE HATCHED. ‘and the limitations put upon them by nature have been closely studied. | It Was soon discovered that the vortical motion made by stirring the water must be avoided. ‘The cod egg is ballasted ‘conditions nature has im Col. MeDonald devised 0 plan for peeves ‘fall movement gentle, Taine Stoving ofa tide. Tale motioa shaped somewhat similar to the letter au three stories in height, The first story will be ene eee, to the veeds of the collec- tor's and assessor's offices, the police depart- ment and the water depariment. The second sory will be given to the Commisiiancrs’ afc, ‘s department, health the office of the’ building ether offices of the local government now scat- tered about the District. All the rooms through- out the building are ned to communicate: with each ouber. Commissioner is pro- vided with @ separate room, and there is a eral audience room where they will meet dele- of citizens. The details concerning the with desks, book cases, prced chiets oo juspector is that the building on t s2 if ‘4 i i i i £ a £ a F F j i i FF i i Fy HA i it ! i e i | Hy | P| f i 5 if f i ij | if i 5 i } i 2 iy 3 a