Evening Star Newspaper, April 11, 1885, Page 2

ell iit TRICT. THE POTOMAC F HIERIES. hermen Who Will Operate the Shores” This Season. The rring, oyster, clam, and line, which comes to M Inspector of marine products, t by him, iscast away. Mr. ya STAR reporter who ne Potomac | Maryland nding is to be fished 30 t | eo & ot} . Gwynn H and ifcoml Harris, wh we ines on “On 800 ell, who and will } the list | nac is | “don by is carr) a side of the river. Capt, Wm. Knight, thems of net and employs ukes use of st x for havtlin: he White be fi s hereto fore. by hen __comes Stony Wm. Knight, | who t fnet and em: plovs abi tone Point, i use of about about apt. ¥ homs employin {DUO ) inex int, which who uses about | 50 men. | fathoms of to rou it. 7 severa ‘3 fathoms, hnet. Bry- | ide, and tie | nd fair pri into Mareh ting In in tall oj ER TH E TREASURY. toe | UN | People who Work in the Gloomy Sub- terrancan Vaulis. THE LUMBER ROOM OF THE DEPARTY: THE PRINTING OFFICE AND MODEI ROOM— SMALL FORTUNES FOUND IN THE RUBBISH. There are about two hundred people who spend the most of the daylight of their lives in the vaults under the Tre These vaults—or thesub-basement, as it led, is still lower underground t nent, Whieh is dark ing, and exte building, taki underground: level with G st up the entire the court 3 quare. Itisaway rd, which is on a en ten and fifteen feet abo’ interesting place to visit, bi ris bad and the heat op- pressi mployes who have to work there sidering the bestn such an unwh yard of the Ti Where all the greas away, leaving the and beautiful visitors. Th enticing good air into : It is the back ; its lumber room ; it is aty work is hid » building serene never shown to rom the inside is by inding stone stairs that t through solid rock, ne is at the southeast d the other at the ite. Down here are the vabinet and repair shops, and the apparatus for heating ng, the printing office and com- he f the paper and the rooms. Here the coal and wood is kept, nd all the rags and ve paper has to pass through here to be picked over. THE PASSAGES are narrow with vaulted roof, and the rooms are on either side. There is almost a little world down here—a world without much sun orair, however. The heating apparatus is very extensive, and it takes five tons of coal per day to heat the building. All the heating is done by means of hot water. Twelve-inch iron pipe »ped in a heavy coat of plaster runs along nrridors all the way around, just high enough up te prevent your head from striking 7 pipes shoot out from this on tions, like the legs of a eentiped are all filled with water which | fs heated in six im boilers, three in the southeast and three in the northwest part of the vauits, ed to every room by 1ecoils. This is what md is found to be vrmerly they heated process. which “consisted Ns of the building, There are thousands coiled up in the | but it is never used | and led into a corner of the buii corner diagonal shops, the engine roo: » bu guite satisfact by the indire; in heating the and was a dismal tail and thousands of feet brick walls for ‘A co: imunense boilers | esup by fs own vut the building. running the pthe temper- them at about 85, e by the bad a diss and tly elevators ature of the y which is made character of th The room: shops of the wood- Workers take up the whole southern portion the vault not oceupled by the botlers. He the carpent: the the depart like ay ber and sawdust. THE WEST CORRIDOR 2 with electric gused. This adopied, because ased the tempera- means unendurable. The side of this passage rooms, the ng room, the lier room, the money and the macera- | 1 room, employing omen, a large num- Phe prints is a | ment Printing oftice and | sat work. “The model | sting, but the air is | id not endure it t told THe Sra nof weak of them re the de- ine The ult ne abinet r . and the p! with its machinery, lum- lights, about Means of lighting h the heat from ture s° much and the smoke having no ir made the stuffy vault rooms on elt are occupied by the press and ruling Paper cutting room: paver room, tt ion rooms, and the about a hundred men der of thei women. branch of the pe mi nd nan that all th lungs and loss of nis full | in plaster, | others with room is full of w the hot plaster, an: the oxygen t n be suppiied ery once and | ut with dry rot. | sides of the north passage | Took po ey had fed on a fat graveyard, s re is a damp, sickening smell about the place. The level of the ground here is very many feet hi above the floor n any other portion of the ys and-the coal and towards immense new sil- at lifts up two tons ing room is where Ver vault with its ata time. Another int the waste paper Is his garded very carefully by a very o pang lady, who is | waste paper. “All the waste bas- | riment are empticd into huge | ; art loads each, and it has | by piece before itis The lady in ays they frequently save very valuable Papers and @ven bouds and money by this pre- €aution. Sometimes they have found papers h could not have been replaced had the nilost. Five thousand doll hundred dollars in gre« rs in bonds and nbacks are the largest sums ever found in the waste at one time, found. Smail sums, bh They get used pearance of the aper from the different offices and can anything out of the ordinary very ¢ frequently e @ number of those employed down In ‘this sub-basement are women, and they Temain from nine until four and’ some two hours later. The appearance of every one tunployed there indicates the | doubted the constitutional | suddenly died, and Dr. | the District marshal | to 43.80 per cent of The Children’s Country Home. ‘To the Editor of Tux “ ‘The Children’s Country Home fs about to enter upon its third year of beneficent work. The enterprising young managers, encouraged by their past success, are putting forth renewed energy in their preparations. In this, as in all works, the prime need is money; but it is not doubted that their kind friends of the past will remember them again now that the seuson for thelr operations is rapidly approaching. “Could there be a more worthy Object than this for an endowment to. justi the ‘purchase of a sinall property, and thus place the Home upoti a per- Biuhent basis? For two sears it has boon man: - with excellent Judgment. THE EVENING rAR office Kindly receives contributions for the TWENTY-THREE YEARS DOM. The Memorable Event Which Will Be Celebrated Next Thursday. HOW THE SLAVES HELD IN THE DISTRICT WERE EMANCIPATED—MONEY PAID TO THE DIS- POSSESSED SLAVE-OWNERS — PROGRAM OF THURSDAY'S EXERCISES, ETC, Preparations have been in progres¢ for several weeks by the colored people of this District for the cclebration on the 16th {hstant of the d anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, The procession will form on Maryland avenue, Thursday morning April 16th, at 10 o'clock, the right resting on Maryland avenue and 41y street, facing south, the command to march will be given at 11 o'clock a, m., and the procession will move over @ route taking In most of the principal thorough- fares, passing in review before tho District Com- missioners and the President. Mr. Charles H. Marshall, the chief marshal of ssion, will be assisted by the following: Jolin H. Smith; left ald, Tilghman fof staff, Capt, George D. Graham; relaries of staff, JO. Holmes, W. H. Jack: son, Robert C. Powell; staff officers, John D. Lawson, Sandy Sanders, Richard Anderson, Matthew Lawson, Albert Brooks, George Dan: dri: Chas. Langley, Geo. Fitchrew, Chas, Robiason, A. F. Redman, Wm. Scott, John T. ©. Brown, Thos. Brown, L. C. Cook, M. FP. Ham. lin, Wm. H. Thomas,Dantel D. Johnson, Frank € nn, Frank Anderson, Stuart pemptell, nent Smith, Wm. Moore, John H. Brooks, 4s Hawkins, Wm. Lyles, Jeremiah John- «ward Lawson, AVm. 'Gatney, Geo. H. tts, Wm. H, Smith, Wayman Brooks, Chas, Kyor,Lewis T. Jackson, John Lee, Lawrence t. W. Burnett, Chas. Curtis, John Keith. The procession, which will be formed in seven divisions, will inetude the colored military com- panies and a large number of civic o1 iza- tions. In the evening exercises will be held in » Congregational Memorial church, corner 11th and R streets northwest, beginning at 7:30 o'clock. Hon. Fred. Douglass will be the | orator of the evening and Hon, B, K, Bruce presiding officer. THE MEANING OF THE DAY. The event which the day commemorates is the abolition of slavery in the District of Col- umbia, but in this time and by this generation the revolution in public sentiment and in the social conditions which made this legislation possible can hardly be appreciated, much less understood. For thirty years prior to the war, by petition and motions, the anti-slavery senti- ment of the country had been vainly appealing | fo Congress to wipe out the stain of slavery from the national capital. At times it seemed as if the entire anti<lavery movement had erystalized tuto a purpose to effect this much, at least, and, the fierce parliamentary battles ich ensued during these years, over the right ion, were for the most part provoked by petitions praying for the abolition of slavery in the District. The importance of thia question ciated equally by the partisans on so that when the great compromiser, Henry Clay, brought belore Congress, his bil, knewn as the “Omnibus bill,” which was de signed to heal the differences ani nearly severed sections of the Union, holding a plac equal importance with such measures as adinission of California, and the enactment of a more rigid fugitive slave law was @ provision abolishing the slave trade, but not slavery in the District of Columbia. This was one of the unite the | concessions of the south to the north in this famous compromise of 1850, and became a part of the law of the land in the enactment of that measure. During the ten years that Inter- vened before the war the anti-slavery sentiment, Frew In strength; but when the war broke out twas not understood by either friends or foes of slavery to be a war for the extermination of slavery. Even after the fall of Sumter, and President Lincoln had issued his call for troops, when the Thirty-seventh Congress convened in July, 1861, in extra session, Mr. Crittenden, of Kentucky, offered a resolution, which was adopted, declaring that the war was not being raged for the purpose of overthrowing or inter- fering with the rights or established institu- tions of the southern states. Before that session had terminated the battle of Bull Run had taken place, and it was reported that the con- federates had used the slaves by thousands in constructing earthworks, driving team: and in other forms of military service, except that of armed soldiers. In this way the resources of the confederates were greatly strengthened. Congress then proceeded to enact the first law since the organization of the federal government by which # slave could acquire bis freedom. It provided that when slaves in the employ of Pemensccaanet in in- surrection against the United States shall be Bermitted to take up arms against the United tates that all claim to the service or labor of such a person shall be forfeited. ‘This law was of little practical value as the onward march of events @ so rapid that it was soon merged into legislation of wider scope. When the Thirty-seventh Co: met in) December, 1861, Son Sarat in the west, aken possession o} it a and had won the battle of Belmont, Mo., while in the east there had been the disaster at Ball’s Bluff, and Gen. McClellan was marshaling his forces for the peninsular campaign. ‘THE BILL INTRODUCED. On the.16th of December Mr. Henry Wilson introduced a bill liberating all persons of Afri- can descent held to service within the District of Columbia, and prohibiting slavery or invol- untary servitude in the District except as a punishment for crime. The bill also provided fora commission to appratsé thé ‘valoation of slaves liberated, but limited their allowance in the aggregate to an amount equal to $300 per slave. One million of dollars was appropriated to meet the expenses under this act. A pro- vision was also inserted appropriating $100,000 to colonize such of the slaves as desired to emi- grate to Hayti or Liberia at an expense not toex- ceed$ 100 for each person emigrating. The debate in the Senate on this billwasa long and animated one, and it was predicted by the opponents of the bill that such legislation would lead to a war of extermination between the two races, ‘They said that the white inhabitants of the states irthis policy was continued in regard to the slaves elsewhere ‘would never consent to allow the freed slaves to live among them, but that they would hunt them like wild beasts and exter minate them. It was also urged that Congress had no constitutional right to take such action, ‘The bil! passed the Senate April 34, 1862, and vhen taken upin the House the next week. gave rise (0.9 brief debate, It was passed, and received the signature of President Lincoln on April 16, 1862. President Lincoln sent a mes- | Sage to Congress announcing his signature of this bill, in which he stated that he never power of Congress to abolish slavery in the District, and expresse his gratification that the two principles of compensation and colonization were both rec- ognized in theact. He suggested that certain classes, such as married women, minors and persons absent from the District had not been sufficientiy protected and provided for, and a bill remedying these defects became alaw in the foliowing July, HOW THE LAW WAS EXECUTED, The act provided for the appointnient of three commissioners, who were to hear and de- termine the claims of the slaveholders for com- pensation. In pursuance of this act President Lincoln appointed Mr. Daniel R. Goodloe, a | citizen of this District and still a resident as the representative of the “black republicans,” as the President subsequently remarked. He also appointed Hon, Samuel F, Vinton, an ex- | member of Congress from Ohio, who repre- sented the old whig party. On May 11th, a few days after his appointment, Mr. Vinton lohn M. Brodhead, who was then and subsequently second controller of the Treusury, was appointed in his place. Col. Jas. G. Berret, a representative democrat, was appointed as the third member of the commis- Sion, but declined, and Hon. Horatio King, | who was Postmaster General under President Buchanan, was appointed. Mr, William R. Woodward, who was then, as now, a member of the District bar, was ‘appointed clerk, and appointed Joseph F, Kel- ley as his deputy to act with the commission and execute process, Henry Olive was the messenger. The slaveholders were required to present their petitions setting forth the names, ages and estimated value of the slaves,with the nature of the title by which they were held. They were required to swear to the petitions and to take and subscribe what is Known as the “iron clad oath” of allegiance and non-particl- pation in the rebellion; but these oaths were not to be received by the commissioners as con- clusive proof of the facts sworn to, ‘They were required to invite and receive testimony in re- gard to the loyalty of the claimants,the validity Of their titles, and to the value of the slave The commission employed an e: Mr. B. Campbell, of Baltimore, who hed been an x tensive dealer inslaves, It was agreed that he should fix the value of slaves on the basis of prices that prevailed prior to 1860, and us the Fate per capita had been fixed by lw not to ex- ceet 5 in ie oni rel ive Value was determined. ‘By ‘this plac tie og- gregate value of the three thousand slaves passed upon by the commission reached two inillion of dollars, which, however, was scaled the estimated value in 1860. Hence a slave valued py the expert at $1,000 brought under the act THE SCENE AT THE CITY HALL, to age, health, occupation, &c, times aak them toopen, thelr might see their teeth. 5 5 iS : é, i Eee : highest price paid for the lowest $1 the latter an slaves were di id for them. Eession about nine months, and they dishecaea 914,942.18, including ti of S¢ the commision, which Was #2000 eee SOME WHO RECEIVED COMPENSATION. The exact number, of slaves for which com- pensation was paid was 2,989, and there was 101 presented for which compensation was fused. Among those who reeeived pay for slaves were the following: John Harry, : eight alaves, $6,168.70; Marshal A : i Geo. 007. Peter Vonessen, twenty, ' $5,256; x , i 1,007.40; bs Carlile’ P, Patterson, s1x, $1,730.10; rson, twenty-one, erat Jobn Marbury, four, $569.40; Michael i. "Coombs, one, gpeb.40; William H. Simms, two, $306.60; largaret Bucbignani (Mrs, Gen, Eaton), guar dian of Emily Randolph one, $284.70; Benja- min Beall, four, $657; John McDermott, two, 13.20; John Q. Wilson, for C. H. Wilson, o1 153.30; George Mattingly, ten, $3,898.2 ‘M. Coombs, four, $1,095; Nicholas’ Calian, one, 7,60; Pierce Shoemake' frente 803.50; John H. G. Coffin, seven, $1,719.15: ifiam H. Riley, three, $284.70: ‘Bhomas W. Riley, five, $547.50; Theodore Sheckels, one, $175.20; Henry M. Dellinger, one, $591.30; Sis? ters of the Visitation, Georgetown, ae 073.40; James C. MeGuire, Sve, $1,533; AL Ray, one, $178.20; Georze W Cochran, two, $722.70; James E. Morgan, three, $700.80; Daniel B. Clarke, two, $394.20; Mrs. “A. New man, two, $876; Joseph C. and ‘Henry A. Wil- lard,’ five, $2,430.90; Walter H. Marlow, one, $276. 0; Peregrine W. Brownin one, $323.50: uben 'B. Clarke, two, $700.80; Margaret C. Barber, thirty-four, two, $458.33; B. T. 9,35. Charles Bradley, wart, seven, $1,095; Geo. w. ki ings, tW0, $788.40; William 'B. Evans, one, 38; John ‘Van Riswick, three, $525.00: james W. Pumphrey, two, $963.60; Joseph Prather, one, §219; jamin Beall, four, $2,124.30; George &. Krafft, one, $87.00: Thomas 8. Entwisle, one, $21.90; Charles H. Leiberman, one, $65.70; John F. Bridget, one, 15.70: I. Fenwick ‘Young, fourteen, 3,219.30; ohn A. Rutt, one, $219: Joseph’ Heit, onc, $509.40; ‘Thomas Parker, one, $109.50; Wile liam E. Howard, three, 8744.60; Geo. J. John- Son, two, $525.60; Allison Nailor, two, $057; Erastas M- Chapin, one, $394.26; ‘Columbus Alexander, fifteen, $4,814; b. W. Worthington, one, $105.12; Mary A! Holmend, two, $450.90; Charles Edmonston, one, $547.50; Joseph H. Bradley, one, $219, ‘THE PLAN TO COLONIZE the Itberated slaves, for which purpose this law authorized the expenditure of $100,000, was not carried out, for the reason that the law did not make emigration compulsory, and when it was left tothe choice of the slaves they pre- ferred to remain in this country. However, agents were dispatched to Central America and Africa to ascertain suitable plans for planting a colony, and $33,000 of the appropriation was expended. ‘The scheme of colonization for slaves had for many years seemed to philan- thropic minds throughout the country to con- tain the solution of the questions which the issue of slavery was forcing upon the country. Mr. Lincoln, as may be seen above, was a firm believer in this method as a possible and prac- tical way out of the difficulties which surround- ed the slavery question. COMPENSATION FOR SLAVEs, Before this bill became a law the President in @ message, dated March 6th, 1862, to Congress recommended the adoption of a Joint resolu- tion which provided that the United States ought to co-operate with any state which may adopt measures for the gradual abolishment of slavery, giving to such state pecuniary ald to compensate for such change of system. ‘This was introduced in the House as the President worded it and became a law April 2d. The ob- Ject of this was to foster the Union sentiment in the border atates and to carry out the Presi- @ent’s ideas of gradual emancipation. The rep- Fesentatives of the border states met in thiscity, but they declined to enter upon this arrange: ment, dnd although bills were subsequently in- troduced in Congress to compensate the owners of slaves in the states of Missouri and Maryland for the slaves set free they never became laws, ‘The onward march of events was so rapid that gradual emancipation and compensation for slaves as a solution of existing difficulties was lost sight of in the newer phases which the pro- gress of the war and the advance of public sen- iment gave to the great problem of slavery. In July a bill became a law confiscating the FOP erty of confederates and giving freedom to thelr slaves, THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION, The culmination in the legislation against slavery was reached in September 22d, 1862, when Mr. Lincoln announced that on the 1st of January, 1863, he would issue a proclamation declaring “all persons held asslaves within any state or designated part ofa state, the people Whereot shall be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward and forever free,” Mr. Lincoln took this decisive step because he believed that thesafety of the Union Was dependent on the overthrow of slavery. He ts reported to have said atthe time in ex- lanation of his action: “When Lee came over he Potomac I made a resolve that if Me- Clellan drove him back I would send the procla- mation after him. The Antietam was fought Wednesday, but I could not find out until Saturday whether we had won a victory or loat a battle. It was then too late toissue it that day, and on Sunday I fixed it up a little, and on Monday I issued it.” On the Ist of January following the Proclamation of Emancipation of slaves in the states in rebellion was issued, and this document has ever ranked as one of the most significant in the annals of the struggle for human freedom. It had, however, more ofa moral influence ‘than legal signifi: cance, and it was not until the adoption of the Thirtéenth amendment to the Constitution in 1865, which abolished slavery in the United States, that emancipation was an accomplished ——— WASH TUB OBSERVATIONS. A Laundry Man Gossips About the Linen of His Customersaiy §5i5- When a Star man shoved a bundle of linen wearing apparel over the counter of one of the large laundries the other day, the proprietor was sitting with his feet up on his desk, enjoy- ing a cigar and apparently lost in a calculation as te how soon his bank account would warrant the purchase of a $25,000 house. He had the air of a man who was enjoying prosperity, and he did not care who knew it. While the at- tendant was looking over the contents of the bund le and making a list, the proprietor ob- served in a tone of lazy content: “There are no frayed coliarsand cuffs in that lot, nor any home made shirts either.” “Well, who said that there was,” exclaimed the customer, half resenting the remark. “It is not nece: for my purpose that the observation should be made by any one,” re- plied the laundry man calmly. “I' hope hat my mental faculties ‘have not become so weakened by the routine details of imparting a skating rink polish to soiled linen, that I cannot rise to the intellectual height of ageneralization.” “Oh!” rejoined the customer, in a more con- elliatory tone, “if that is all you meant, I have no objections, providing you don't charge extra for itin the vill, But Pmight as well say right here that I preter the domestic finish, and you can give the general—whats’ its name to some other fellow’s linen.” The laundry man gazed steadily at the eus- tomer, but as the serenity of the latter's face Was not disturbed, after a moment's pause, he evidently determined to crush the dark ‘sus picion which arose in his mind, and magnani- mously attribute the last remark to Ignorance. “I was going to remark,” he suid, “that as Four linen was not of that kind whieh f have Indicated, that, therefore, you have not recently come to this city to resume the duties of a new appointment under the government, or to get one. Of course, I know that you live'here, but if Thad never’ seen you before, { could have told you that much from looking over the con- tenté ofthat bundle. I haven't been here in this business since the 4th of March for nothing. ‘The linen that is worn in the remote districts of the country hag been going through my tubs and wearing grooves in my ironing cylinder to such an extent that I kuow what I am talicing bout. I have samples in my place now that remind me of the styles of the revo- lutionary period, and they are made us if no such @ thing as’a sewing machine had been invented. The result of the lust election will bring about one good thing, and that is a num- ber of people will experience the blessing of knowing what a well-litting shirt and collar means. The Chincse, you kuow, say when the stranger is in your niclon patch observe him Not too closely; inattention is often the highest form of civility. Idon’t wish to be unclvil, but ou know a Inan can’t help the operation of is mind, and so, in consequence, I judgeaman instinctively by his linen.” “The linen, then, of the (present regime does pot sult you,” remarked the listener, sugges vely. "Now, don’t mistake me,” cried the laundry man in an appealing voice. “All my new cus- tomers are not of this kind, and ail the linen that comes here is not worn out or badly made, Lonly sald that I notice an unusual quantity of frayed and antiquated linen coming into my place. I also said that there was a conclusion to be drawn, which I mentioned, but it you see fit to draw some other conclusion, very well. I wash my hands of it,” and he drew himiselfup in his chair with ostentatious dignity. “Perhaps you would like to have people come here without any linen at all,” said the listener sarcas! i “They do." replied the man in a half whisper, as he got up from his chair and leaned over the counter, and drew THE STAR man close to him. “They come in here early in the morning, with their coats closely buttoned and rs Kind, or petfiape two, at the Depinaine neg 1nd, or perhaps two, at the beginuing of evi End ce patie Woe veinning of ever changes which is not generally known. a do they have thelr coats buttoned. up for, and what do they have—" the listener be- EES ee, aber wondering at the mysterious Manner man, again i in ina Jesal, th at the court of Bt. James?” Great gosh! has it come to the pass that a man has to be indorsed by the his native landt It ware Nevroube stner'ys native wasa raska man, we who once the bi belle opposed the building ‘at EOPLE AT THE CAPITAL. Their Educational Progress. 4 SATISFACTORY EXHIRIT—OVER TWO MILLION DOLLAUNS EXPENDED FOR THEIR RENEFIT— ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-ONE SCHOOLS IN SUCCESSFUL OPERATION—OVER NINE THOU- SAND PUPILS, [Por Evening Star, by John H. Brooks.) ‘The population of the colored people in the District of Columbia, free and slave, as given by the U.S. census for 1860, was 14,316, This population was, by the exigencles of the war, 1861-65, and natural causes, increased to 43,404 In ten years. Early in the war the intelligent and thonzht- ful of the colored freemen saw plainly that it was their duty to offer their services to the gov- ernment,and that the war would be one, not only for the preservation of the Union, but in- cidentally for their own enfrancbisement and the freedom of their brothers then held in slavers, The government at first refused to re- celve colored men as soldiers into the military department, but the necessities of the war com- pelled the administration to accept gladly the services of all. - Under this change of policy on the part of the administration, about 250,000 colored men en- tered the service of the Union as soldiers, and many thousands more under the nom de querre of the colored people, “contraband.” Underthe latter soubriguet some of the most efficient military service was rendered, both in the army and navy; the records of the government abound in mention of gallant and efficient ser- vices of the “contrabands,” who fought side by side with the white soldierand sailgr, but whose individuality, unfortunately, is lost in being only mentioned as “contrabands.” THE ENTRY OF THE COLORED MAN into the army and navy and his efficient and faithful military service to the government was ofthe highest importance to his future welfare in this country—it settled all wild schemes and propositious for the colonization and separation of the coloreg people. It routed the gradual emancipation &cheme and at once recured his enfranchisement with full clvil and political common rights of citizenship. Many thought- ful and patriotic friends of the country and the colored people believed that the sudden ad2i- tion to our voting population and common citi- zenship of such a large mass of ignorant, poor and degraded people, recently held as slaves and despised because of their low conditic would permanently injure our institutions, if not break them to pieces. The District of Co- lumbia iu this, as it is required in many other political and social changes affecting the whole country, was by Congress and the made the experimental ground. The service rendered by colored men in the army, thelr en- franchisement, the securing to them the full rights of citizenship by constitutional amend- ments mude it apparent that their condition must be changed, and that, at least, the rising eneration must be prepared to discharge intel- ntly the duties of citizenship. It became A STATE AS WELL AS A MORAL AND SOCIAL NE- CESSITY, hence the question of educating the colored people rose to be an important one, largely discussed throughout the country and in the halls of Congress. The District of Colum- bia was settled mpon as the place | where Congress had the constitional authority, and should provide for the education of the colored children. The, benevolent people of the ‘country—especially of the north— both white and colored, immediately rais fund and established schools in this Distric expending about $150,000 for that purpose, Congress was Importuned by petition, and In 1862 initiated leyislation looking to raising a fund by taxation for the education of colored children. “The acts of 1862, however, were found to be inadequate and impracticable. It was not until 1864. that Congress enacted any law that was of benefit. The 18th section of the act of July. 25, 1864, was wise and benefl- cent, and would weil serve the southern states a8 model legislation where there are colored peo- ple in sufficient numbers to organize schools upon the same system on equal terms with the white population, thus enabling, as is the case in the District, both classes to make progress in parallel coursés without any possible friction, ‘and for the best interests of all, ‘The requirements of the act of July 25, 1864, imposed a heavy burden upon the peoplé of the District which, in view of the enormous increase of the colored school population trom causes of the war, were unjust. The United States should have provided from ‘the first for the education of the colored children who had been forced to leave the States of Maryland and Virginia and other southern states, and take refuge in the District of Columbia.’ The heavy taxation of the people of this District to educate the col- ored children was generously borne, and it is with pride that the facts as to the amounts ex- pended are now reported to THE STAR. AMOUNTS EXPENDED FOR THE COLORED SCHOOLS, The following amounts have been received and expended on account ofthe colored schools of Washington and Georgetown: Payments by Washington cit from July 16, 1864, to July i, 1866. $10,134.33 9, 49 Pigeal year ending June 36,1867 GG @ a a qeee ee eres 4 oH ww ww FBst oe ww w TBD “ 6 «© @ « igsg ail a a, me Teg Paid by commission sinking fund. 16,373.81 Paid by'¢ 10,784.59 109,709. 101,84 we ke we as 9 Torst “4 6 4 4% 4848 Toe “ “ 1879 | 98,8: “ 1880 —104/006.95 “ 1881 144/829152 “ “ 1882 109/6.16.80 “ * 1383 © 148,975,85 “ew “ 1884 133/080.58 Total paid for support of colored schools in cities of Washington and Georgetown to June 30,'84..$1,763,680.13 NUMBER OF SCHOOLS, TEACHERS AND PUPILS. ‘The expenditure of this vast sum has brought untold benefits directly to the colored people and wrought mighty changes in their condition that can be best shown by the following statis- ties of their schools In this District: 1867-18638... 1868—1869.. 1869—1870. 1870-1871. 1871—1872. 1872-1873. 1877-1878. 1878-1879. The cost of the colored schools in the county of Washington cannot be accurately given—but as the schools number more than one-half, the cost has been at least one-half of the whole amount expended, which will swell the total amount expended for the education of the col- ored children resident in the District of Colum- bia, since 1864, to over $2,000,000. To this amount must be added at least $150,000, gen- erously given before the government made an: provisions for public schools for eglored chil- ren in the District of Columbia, The results from the expenditure of this large amount of money are plainly seen in the WONDERFUL CHANGES IN THE CONDITION OF THE COLORED PEOPLE in this District, which have done more to settle the question of their status in this country and to secure them civil, political and social rights than any other public acts save that of their emancipation and enfranchisement. They have been enabled by these schools to prepare them- -selves for responsible and important public duties, to comprehend intelligently and dis- charge the duties of citizenship; show their capacity to govern and instruct their own chil- dren, and to manage and administer an impor. tant trust of the highest order with wisdom and economy. It has shown the power of educa- tion to break down the barriers that prevented - Seer ere of like interests and du- jes ani religious lives, and shows its beneficial effects in their homes and churches, their Sabbath schools and benevolent societies. In point of fuct, the teachors of these schools are the nu- clous of the refinement, education and virtue of the cMlored People ct the country. They are ‘the best fruits of Uberty, and the pioneer lead- ers of their people from the Sa ofslavery and ignorance, have largely met the ex- Th tions of the friends-of humanity and re- ligion, who, believing in the unive rother- ‘hood of man, sought to lift them up to the level of American gree a The state apd com- ecutive | | lated with school authorities, but we cannot hope todo much practical work in that line until the trade unions are broken up and the People are allow- ed to give their boys trades. We have gone as Tar as we have means in laying the foundation, by adding ‘ndustrial and mechanteal drawing to the course prescribed. There are some few critics who fear that they are giving the colored.children too much, and the wrong Kind of education, by which they are | unfitted for honest labor. This criticism eames from a want of knowledge of all the facta, It must be remembered that in our country we have no peasant class, and any attempt to edu- cate any class for a certain kind of labor would fail. As a matter of fuct, the great bul of col- ored children from their necessities leave the schools early to seek employment. The ave school life 15 not greater than four years. Not more than one-third remain to compleie the common school course, aud not more than one- tenth take the high school course. The incen- tives to induce the colored pupil to remain in the schools so as to compiete the prescribed course are very few—not nearly so great as are those for the white, who-has opened to him the flelds of commercial, financial and mechanical enterprises. The colored people here are WHOLLY AMERICAN IN SENTIMENT, They have no foreign homes or relatives to whom they send their earnings, They spend freely and generously what they earn, and our merchants find in them, as far as their means will allow, liberal purchasers. It may be fairly said that the large amounts that have come into their hands have been very promptly put into clreulation, and, in this way, they have been an important factor of the commereial interests of this comuia: Thef rapidly and filly av- sorb the civilization with which they are brought in contact, and become fully assimi- e ruling glasses aud institutions of the country. In this they are totally different from the Indian and Chinese, and, to some ex- tent, from all foreiguers who make this coun- ty their home, ON THE SAME FOOTING AS THE WHITE SCIIOOLS. The scholastic achievements in the twenty years existence of these schools are satistactory and creditable to the colored people. They have now the same text books and course of study, in the first eight yi the white schools, and ahigh and normal school; the first, the same in its prescribed course, except in elective studies andthe second the same in every particular. ‘The teachers have the same qualifications, pass the same examinations, at the same time and plnce, as the te 's tor the White schoo! reveive lice certificates and pay as do th and are treated in every way the same rms of periect equality. rship of the teachers ranks bigh, in most cases, the graduates of tie best schouis and collpges ‘of the country, and of our high and normal schools—sixty-four bay! graduated trom the last named scliool. ———__ OLEOMARGARINE QUESTION. The Other Side—Detense of Butterine— Bogus Countrymen. THE ‘To the Editor of Tux Evenixe Srar: In your issue of April 4 I noticed an article entitled “Ihe Great Butter Swindle,” writ- ten by J. H. Crane, and although I hate the swindle as bad as he can, yet'l feel that he does injustice to some and fails to doentire justice to other portions of his subject. First, there is more pure butter sold in this city than spurious; yet it cannot be denied that the bogus is shoved in immense Proportions. Second, he asks where are the Commissioners, the detectives, the District chemist, &e., and says not one arrest has been made under this law. I think he has forgotten the case of the District of Columbia against Hud- son & Waple; Shatz complainant, and how, in said case, the righteous law of Congress was found defective, and “consequently no punishment evuld be {ntiicted. (I take the liberty to men- tion this case without fear of injuring the par ties, as the tirms of both complainant and de- fendant are now defunct.) I could mention other cases, but with these facts it is easy to sce why the officers of the law take no notice of the violation of a defective law. It would be a foolish waste of time, and since the trial of the case just mentioned the word “oleomargarine” has been altogether omitted with boldness b: all dealers. The idea that people like to iumbugged seems quite plausible, but the idea that Mr. Crane could notsell his prime butter at “a profit’ shows simply a mis-judgment on the part of the par ties “who purchased the goods for him, for I speak from experience when T say that fresh New York butter can be sold here at wholesale at a profit, if properly purchased, and itis done every day, and if people waste milk or cream’ in making poor butter by their own careless, lazy management, or allow their butier to’stay in their cellar or store and get old waiting for the price they think it ought to bring, they must not think the public will make good the loss of their laziness or mis- udgment, either as the case may be. ow, the fact is, good butter sells in this’ city at wholesale at from thirty to forty cents per pound, but low grades of butter sell’ very low, even much lower than butterine; not because butterine is so very healthy a diet, but because it does not taste as bad as poor butter; and butter is eaten for its taste, hence the preference for the bogus. Now as’ for the analysis of chemists: An experienced palate Is a better detective of bogus butter, as has been proven in several cases, and if a good and suifi- cient law existed for the punishment of this crime, and I, the inspector, I would give a large reward for & tub of bogus butter that I could not detect; but I am satisfied that this evil will never be corrected properly until we have a constitutional amendment making it a heavy ize and imprisonment for manufac turing or selling any kind of adulterated food, Batter is adulierated in many ways, and if I were tomake the law I would make itjust as se- vere aguinst coloring butter or cheese as against PRUlug grease into it, - The highest priced nutter ever sold in the District of Columbia is colored and not the natural color either, but more of a red than a natural butter color, and the United States government has prostituted itself so low as to ixsue a patent on butter color, thus protecting one of the greatest crimes of the age, adulteration of food; so I repeat nothiny short of the aforesaid constitutional amend- ment will ever correct this evil; for if your law hangs a man for stealing a horse, whips him for Jing a cow, and pays him a royalty for steal ing sheep, how will you will rid the country of thieves? Now I fully agree with Mr. Crane as to truth shot from behind a mask, and so will give my signature. I give itas my opinion that people who buy ther butter from respectable danlers are not as likely to be imposed on as when buying from peddlers and bogus countrymen, 25 I have often seen. genuine countrymen sit by their wagons at Center market with print butterine standing out exposed for sale as genuine butter, and people buying it from them. If they afterward iscovered the fact, as they sometimes do, :hey must either eat it’ or throw it away, and very few do the latter. Now, as I did arise to ex- plain, I will say that buiterine can be made of pure ‘butter, lard and suet, at 12c. per pound, and a fair profit realized, as I have a good arti ART NOTES Toby Rosenthal’s “Elaine,” which has been owned in San Frunciseo for @ number of years t, has been bought by a New Yorker, for 800, and isto be brought easi, Its cost wo ius late owner was $5,000. —The Trustees of Corne!! University have de- cided to place in that institution a statue in marble of Mr. Ezra Corneil, its founder. The work is to be executed by ) American scuiptor, residing in Rome. —Mr. David Neal, the popular American artist so long resident Mm Munich, is now tem- porarily occupying a studio in New York, Where “he is eagaged on a portrait of Mrs. Whitney, wife of the Secretary of the Navy --Mr. Abram Frey as recently finished a very attractive portrait in crayon ot Mrs. Rixford. The subject is an excellent one for the pencil of an artist, and the likeness {s pro- nounced a very striking one by tne friends of the original. — Mr. W. V, Birney has recently sold one of his paintings, entitled-“The Nun, man of the Episcupal church, for resents its subject holding a prayer book, glancing upward with a somewhat arch and Is a very pleasing work. The following named Washington artists are represented in the present exhibition of the National Acade: F. andrews, unk G. Doubleday, A. , Wm. grath, and Louis D. Meline. Messrs. Dou! and Hi eaton are each represented by thre vases. — Mrs, Fassett’s fineand attractive painting, “The Electoral Commission,” is still on exhibi- iton at Bralatour & Dyer's—the old Bariow ¢ lery,—where {t attracts much eliclis many favorable comments. of both interest and merit, and th littie doubt that it would louz since have bought by the government. if it portray more popular event in the history oi our pouiti cal affairs. -- Mr. Harper Penmugt: exhibited a couple of Japanesque lopking portraits ia the Co: Gallery a year or so ago, seems to. quite a hit with a certain set in he is now located. AL list acc work on portrait Wilde, and othe: taiked of exhibit With hopes of getting into the also, — Exhibitions of ptetares ny a have become quite a feature in Paris, and they are made sources of considerable protit &s objects of public Interest. The t of Meissoni wnvases, Which p, Of Baltir rather bizarre is ed one at the pictures i But the expenses s 000 of this, the principal item being insur at the rate of $100 to the square inch. Mr. Robert Garrett, president of the Balti- ased the ¢ lection of prints belonging to the estat late James W, Cl { Phiiadelphia. pictures number and and the pr 82: Hy ti use, collection is perhaps the ls this country, and private collections made the feature of residence, on Mt, V completed. —The. spring exhibition of the National Academy of Design opened on Monday, and will close on the 16th of M The catalogue covers 665 numbers, includ pete. and it issaid that the average standard of es gellence Is higher than it has bee years past. The highest-priced pictre in the catalogue is marked $4,000. Following this there are one at 51M), LWO at $2,500, Lhiree al $2,000, five at $1,500, four at $1.2 a at $1,000 ez Thirty sold at the private view held the day beiore the exhibition of the coliection to the public. — Mr. T. E. Waggaman, the well-known real estate factor, was the only private buyer from Washington at the sale of the Seney collection of pletures in New York last week. He is re- ported to have made four purchases, as “By the Shore,” by Alfred Stevens, 5: Portrait,” by’ Rogelio de _ Egusq iz: “Marguerite,” by Jaques Bértrand, $1.00 “New Weir on the Wy > . The cost of these $2,000, respectively. In ad Mr. Waggaman is understood to have 1 uh several other important paintings while in | New York, among them an excellent example of Schreyer. —The saleof theSeney collection of paintings proved to be, as we some time ago predicted it would, the most important eventof its kind that has ever taken place in this country. Not only was the number of works the largest that has yet been offered on one occasion, but the aggregate sum produced was also the reatest, while a single picture brought the hizhest price yetreached at auction inthe United States. ‘he catalogue included 285 numbers, which re- alized the gross sum of $406,600, or an average of $1,426.66 for each picture sold. In the ma!- terof high average alone has the Seney sale been exceeded by one other,—that of Join Tay- lor Johuston, in 1876, where 191 oil paintings produced an’ average of $1,575. The highest price paid tor asingle painting in the Sency collection was $18,200. This was given by Mr. J.T. Mitchell, of Milwaukee, son of tepre- sentative Mitchell, for Jules inthe Hamlet of 'Finisterre, ought to have come to the Corcoran Gallery. Mr. itchell was alsothe buyer of many other high-priced and valuable pictures, and was, Thaps, the heaviest individual purchaser at he sul, so far as prices were concerned. Up to this sale the highest price realized for a painting at auction in thiscountry was $12,500, which was id by the Coreoran G: for Church's “ Niagara” at the Johnston sale above referred to. The cost of the Seney collection to its late owner has been variously estimated at from $500,000 to $800,000, but it is believed by those qualified to fudge that the true figure 4s not far from $600,000. But even with the shrinkage from that sum, it turns out that of all Mr. Seney’s investments made in the high days of his prosperity his pictures came nearer realizing their cost than any other class of roperty which he owned at the time of his fattare. Had they been bought with less haste, and consequently better judgment, they would undoubtedly have produced eis One grati- fying and significant feature of the sale was the fact that, while the foreign pictures sold as a rule for iess than their cost, those by American artists generally brought full studio prices, and in several cases touched figures largely beyond. ning —a work which There is in this circumstance a suggestion at | ‘once patriotic and profitable for future coliec- tors. — The two paintings bought out of the Seney collection by the Corcoran Gallery will make cle of cooking butter now in my store tIcan wholesale at 13c. and make a fair profit, and a cheap article can be bought at 7e., with lard at Se., suet at 5e., and when all is rendered and deddorized it has no bad taste. Bear in mind Ido not plead that it is good, but many people prefer It to poor butter, not. knowing or caring how it is made; and what is not good enough to go into butterineis made into soap,hence the connection of ep factories with oleo factories; but I find the subject endiess, so will Write no more at present, but will giadly give any information or at any time lend a helping hand to stop the Manufacture of this article, R. B. Younes, oe The Farmer and Oleomargarine. To the Editor of THe EVENING Star: Ihave just read in your issue of the 4th Mr. Crane’s communication on the “Great Butter Swindle.” I indorse what he says regarding the enforcement of the law, but I believe the people can escape the imposition of which he speaks (though the law be violated), provided they are willing to pay a living price to the farmer for the genuine article. Let the demand. spring up for good butter fresh from the farm ata paying price arid it will soon be supplied. To make good butter requires more attention and experience than most city people re aware. A choice article cannot be placed upon the market in good condition for much less than thirty cents per pound, but as long as the ple expect to purchase an article at less than he cost of production they may expect to be imposed upon by adulterations of jaw. It is true the more “intellectual and cul- tured a people become the more attention they ‘ive to what they eat and drink,” but it isalso rue that the science of adulteration has kept Pace with the progress made by food reformers, until nearly every thi that enters into daily consumption as food is adulterated. these low-price hope rane will not give up the fight against aduiterations and the violation of law, until the demand for ure, heal! butter takes the place of much that is now used. which is little better than axle grease. ‘Wa. k MaNAKE®, Burnt Mills, Md. Degenerate Sons of Statesmen. ‘Washtt.gton Letter to the Philadelphia Times, Any one who atttends the President’s recep- tions is struck by the physical contrast between. the prominent statesmen of the day and their hopeful sons. It is well known that all the United States Senators, with three exceptions, and nearly all the able men int he House of & marked addition to the possessions of that institution. The principal canvas of the pair, Emile Renouf's “Helping Hands,” famii to many readers from engravings and other forms of reproduction, is Hmportant in size, as well as attractive in subject and very pleasing in treatment, and fs certain to become one of the most popular pictures in the Gallery, And deservedly so. Although painted only four years ago, it has already quite an interest- ing history, It was the artist's Salon picture for 1881, and at theclose gained for him the medal of that year. Unknown to fame, although it Was not his first appearance there, the modest ice named for it the painter Was $2,000, 'Uwas taken by Mr. Schaus, the New York im- porter, immediately on seeing it, and before the doors of the Salon were opened to the public. As s00n asthe canvas was ex; tw View it attracted great attention, and really became the sensation of the year.’ Phe French govern- ment desired to secure it for its own coil —— but it was too late in preferring its claim, an Mr. Shaus refused to yield his rights. en came a tempting offer from Russia, which the lucky purchaser ulso declined, being determined Sa es Feed jicture to this country, where he was ed its merits would be Tally appre: ciated, and where, likewise, he was sure to find as Mberala purchaser as anywhere else in the world. Mr. Schaus was nol disappointed in either respect, When exhibited it proved to be as popular in New York as it had been in Paris: and though its owner did not realize the rice he asked for it he sold it in a little Hime to Mr. Seney for the very handsome sum of $12,500. The price paid by the gallery last $7,600, which, though a large advance on the studio price, is yet very far below what may fairly be considered the iar ket value of the painting. But for the fact tat ‘the canvas is too large to be available in a pri- vate parlor of ordinary proportiens, the com- petition for it would have been much r, Digher’ price for i ig indeed. 1t kad not iste ice in not fel Obligea fo forego the leasure of possessing it + "The other pleture acquired at the smaller in_ size, is.of hardly on! ting may be compared. th iliet's age Sed peas- Penctates peneoth the mide of the brute creat . W. W. Story, the | dge | for several | RELIGIOUS NOTEs. . CHURCHES HREE AND ELSEWHERE, , | _—The members of Christ P, &, church, West | Washington, intend rebuilding their place af worship, and 813.000 have been raised already, — The Washington Preachers’ m cling one burch, last Monday’, by elect in ‘Ockerman, Zion, president, und Rev. CT. House, secretary and’ tr Among the vi mm Was Rev. | Of Baidwin Memorial ehareh, ine — There ts sUll considerable relict \ In the . astor. The inquiry jul month closed with . | the e hare will be a num ber of addi | tions at . | —The Lat city have a mission for eviored pec Tth stroet, above the v. E. KE. Wiseman, @ Mat ard University theo t, DRS charke. Quite & good s done, and ay have they Nth street extended, as a site for 2. Johnson, Rev. E. Whittlesey, oO Presbrey, L. Deane, and A. Wood, t of the First ( ional church, lof minis from sue twe ngregae “xtending trom Boston to Wise reon May 20th, and install man as pastor of the First re the communion service, at St. church last Sunday, when Rev, Crummell, the ree 7 “in New Yor Philips (eolored) ! basso; Mr, prago; Ming 2 OrgAnIst reports aal chureh sip ous, A the care of «ptist chureb, at Waverly, in Ma. } — Rev. EB. Morris b | the Huntincdon | Bait st preachers than cond, and North PAUS S 90 additions to the mond since Mr, Mount &: tod There hi two Cong: sive revival in the ‘uurches of Fitchburg, rsyth, of Fairfax, having been transferred from the Virginia M. E. com ference to the Kansas ¢ has been ap» pointed toa cireutt in I anty, Kannas, — The interest in the revival at the Trinity listebureh 3 », Is reported to bee cowded, and Mr, dn, With davre Lian his usual The Christien Advocate regards it as “a sonable estimate more than 40,000 © protessed con the last three months nd joined, or intend to joi, the Metho= dist chureh. Mrs. Powers has presented to Emanuel Re- Philadelphia, the policies, ggeregatiny ate husband, Thomas HM. inst the ch vrei, ' ntion, under the care held at Des vcessinl, and & which her owers, held agai , under Uh at Omiha, Neb. Parham, of K the Treasury, is the son Durhum, one of’ the early nd ts himself h South, late Dr, Wiley Methodist church he traveled 190,000 miles over the old and new world, ordained neariy S0u d ons and 600 official letters, and spoke n the twelve was a bi Roman Catholic, of Rochester, N. ¥., has ordered that In hie dio- cese, none but” Koman ex and actual ret cants shall sing in tie choir He Says: “iow revolting it is a to hear the voice of ope Ww in what he or ‘There is an enterprising and ingenicus young Mun Who proposes to travel around the world le. The plan of his journey as briefly announced fs ws f He will take a steamer from here to Liverpooi and ride thence to Dover. | From Dover to Calais he will again condescepa touse a st nd, remounting his biey Will ride to Constantinople, Crossing the Bos- phorus, he wiil ride through Asia Minor, Persia, Turkestan, Thibet and China, and, on reac nghai, will travel by steamer to San 0, aud thence by bicycle to New York, ¥ with him, strung under bis sad- an shirt apd a i sh, and will cur to persons more famil- tha bic only on. be the conditi rough ondition, In Persia no is machine, but he rol been run over while quietly along the street, bicyelists are | somewhat unpopular. Bieycles’ ure admitted into Thibet oniy on Saturday afternoons after 3 Les are closed at 6 o'¢lock found in Thibet after that hour ed, it would not be easy for any bicyclist to ride entirely through the country, To ride through China would be stili more diffi: | cult, since the Chinese would regard the bieyele | as «modern invention and would promptly kill the rider, Of course, if a bicyelist were to carry | With him a section of plank toad, by constant; laying it down and taking it up again he coui ride through Persia and Turkestan, but unless | he were to paint himself sky blue, furnish him- self with a burbed tail, and represent himself as @ prominent devil, he coul way Ubrough China, In these circumstances there is really no rea- son why a bicyclist should attempt to ride round the world. On the other hand, the jour- ney is one which to rolier skater should ‘hesi- tate to undertake. The Asiatic roads, though steep in many places, would present oo ip- superable obsticles to roller skating, and there is a lively demand in Turkestau for nyller skaters, In that country any man who volun- tarily bruises himself and stands on his head in public is regarded asa saint and treated with the utmost reverence. There is po dervish in Turkestan who can begin to rival a roller skater in self-inflicted bruises, and there isa splendid reception awaiting in Samarcand and Pokhara the rolier skater who visits thoes cities on his way round the world. never make his tare sti Interviewing an Emperor. ARCHIBALD FORBES RELATES HOW HE WAS GRANTED A RUSSIAN DECORATION. From the Engtish Illustrated Magazine. The Schipka Pass had been in Russian pos session for quite a month, but no plan of it had yet been made. The emperor said at once, ' “Ignatieff, go und fetch and va Ignatiet! went, and there remained the em ror and inyself alone ther, 8 opposite to each other, with a little green baize table between us. The thought that drifted scross my mind as we stood there into each other's faces was that oy peed as he was, noconsideration that world conid offer would tempt me to change places with a man 0 oppressed by ills, As we 80 stood, he megs Sd talking, there came into his face fora ing moment astrange, troubled expression, which seemed to reveal the sudden thought—“W hat @ chance for thisman to kill met” The was soon i fl i Sara hae,