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Sram PSA MAIL ugano the caus tking of tun the requ Plished fact arch. ucting this reat inte antered from the very parently insurmount- annel, to be perforated, ed, and sub- presente how, under the circu aggresating s ef dollars, could i Tand grant or credit mobilier to be The railway would be wholly upon tory, and Switzerland cou! quisite amonnt of mone: ‘and so re contr Maust be had; but Would not any fo such a highway thron country jeopare ai “ be T | stein or third spiral tunnel, a like period. Powers. As presiding € vilicer “was selected one of the earlic terprise, I _ the Hon. | Stottel constituie the direo- J. Zinzg, of Lucern @nd Hermaan Dietler, 1 AMONG TH FIRST THINGS DONE by the di ¥ after veing instailed was to} eter into a contract with Louis Favre, of Ge~| Beya, August 7, 1872, for the the great tunnel, and appo Hellwag, who. however. after atime, also drew, when the duck wer-in-chiel sived on itis first when the expe Bridel, was p! ty determined on, tra- Ti LmmMensee. ne: » three after ft ad, e: $5,400,000), tation are a@fixed in the trancnis viz: For passenuers ove tional is allowed. it For bazgage. 1 per ton per mile, with &m increase to doubie this amount upon sections of the road where ihe grade exceeds 79 feet per mile. | For fast freight 01 ents a ton | | nt per | hs of a} gent per mile on sections whose grade exceeds | ro) a per mile. ‘or raw products shipped per car load.one and Whree-fitths of a cent a ton per mile, with an in- Grease of one-half of acent perton for each mile Over sections of the road whose grade exceeds | 99 feet per mile. | The main office of the company is located in | Lucerne, from whence, to the nor termint | at Immensee, a distanee of ten miles, existing | Hnes are utilized for t: t see, located at the base of | on the westerf shore of | ve tidewater, the main | he mile. Proceeding on, we fon of Silenen, and ascending he rains of Gessler’s detested 1. Zwing Uri, then crossing a finely- sd iron viaduct 228 feet in length, massive parabolic pillar 147 teet high, and spans the feet above the bed of the it, the pictur We look bac! t uth cons both ef which continue th into the valley on our | INEERING TRIUMPHS in the requisite altitade within le alle and avoid the ¢ avalanchos from the treacher- and the mountain opposite. tunnels, numerous bridges, ely walled embankments are before we reach the next station of distant five miles and 2,427 feet above sof 3 than six the track boldly crosses the chasm ass river, on an iroa bridge of 252 feet an, Whilst the Wwatel feet belov sangrily over its narrowed rocky be Passin, n @ inisty spray aloft.” = on higher and higher the line se fairly to carve its way in and out of th lifts until final Ly opposite th feusprung cafion, it pierces the mountain, and developing into the first spiral tunnel with a radius of 300 ‘ges higher up on feet and 4,70) feet long eme the mountain side, and wind th in t spanning in dizzy height the deep receding gorge. The Lower Wattinger bridge across the Reuss is then passed, and abruptly ring the opposite mountain side, another spiral tunnel, 3, feet long, and of the mini- mur radius is developed, emerging from which the turnpixe and then the Reuss is reerossed on +b: es of fine proportions. when entering an- seventh tunnel since leaving the last t nt only five miles, that of Waseu, unexceiled in the beauty of its location, amidst me of the grandest monuments of engineer- ing skill, overshadowed by those of the great Creator's hand. Here we ed an alti- S feet. Our s facing due 2 Whence we came, and on we speed y Tight back to the valley just. left. 1 crossa modei structure, the Middie bridge, and are here riveted by the i «queness of the scene around us, for be- low to the right like a mountain rivulet rashes e higher the turnpike ee" —and just bridge, over s the chasm Ist on the eb, the r which we are ovr AMAZEMENT HAS HARDLY HE REACHED ITS south, and far below us r, the parallel lines ‘ing over the Ent- nstructed galie- at the memor- 1 its enyirons. clthal, we enter wnt facin: tier bene. water, and five 1 ion. HERE COMMENCES THE GOTTHARD TUNYEI the ureatest of moc akings of the With the a curvature at ‘at line from one end to the tains an altitude of 0 feet below rd zroup above onthe divide. The naltitude xit at Airolo, he tunnel ri ace of 44-5th ried on hori- et to the apex, ine at the rate of 0.5 for a distance of 7,468 feet, whilst the re- der of 14.515 feet ‘to the southern exit iminishes to 2 and 1 per et. Its entire cost is a fraction less than twelve miilion dollars. Work upon it commenced June 4th, 1872, was Vigopously prosecuted from openings made both at the northern and southern points of entrance —and despite the yolume of water encoun- The bid of termini for a 3] is the di tered as it burst forth from the great fissures of roc on repeated occasions, so. accurate were work, the p a could be st yadiered to, and so during the y, 1880, the workmen in the addened with the sounds of 3 blows upon the rocky walls con- froating them, and near noon on the 29th of said th cordial creetitigs and loud huzzas, ied the great work accomplished. But the uatiri firm, fearless, and gif Favre was not pr exed ty witness this glori it of his faith and arduous labors, hay- 19th of July previous, whilst on a spection in the tunnel, been struck alysis, from the elfects he soon aiter died. His heirs and . however, at once placed Director and the Wors, despite this painful and heavy loss, w e cuted that by the Ist of Janu: through the tunnel was tempor for and mail matter transported norili The down by a stroke ot p: of whic ily arrany nd south. OF DRILLS r, at the ¢ last report xX and 65 of the M: by Seguin bein ner Taylor, of -were retaine The great- est number of workmen employed at ne tunnel work aggre: total numbe: ¢ time upon the pe over i00 engineers. One kilomete apart, thronghout the whole leagth of lantern disks are placed, and bell s sing trains are arranged for in like manner, whilst a telegraphic cable for gen- and special service is provided tor in the tunnel. Thirty minutes is the time affixed for the passage of trains either way through the tuunei. The mean temperature inthe tunnel during progress of the work was 88” Fahrenheit. Although the immense quantity of water at times issuing from crevices retarded opera- tions somewhat, it was none the less useful, proving a valuable motive power for the com- pressed air engines used in operating the drills. ‘Tue southern opening of the tunnel caused all the springs and rivuiets on the slope south and east rolo to go dry—their waters evidently finding vent intu the tunnel, from whence a Powerful stream was constantly running. Land- owners had to be indemnified for this, and con- duits constrected to bring water from a dis- tanec a ake, shaded by the precipi ‘wall, trom the parapet of whic! #0 many thousands in ni hes the station intersects the Art-Rigi mountain railway; from thence over the debris of the memorable landslide of 1806, which de- atroyed the village of Goldau and 45 e with its the station the road and after en-Schwyz, then tak erossin< ti miles strikes the shores of that exquisite beautiful sheet of water the Vierwaldstaetter See, where it turns sharp to the south and en- ters the station of Brunneu. From thence the line of feck follows mainly ona lower level closely the course of the notedly picturesque Toad, the Axeustein Strasse traversing in miles to the next station, Sissikan. five tun- Fespectively 414, 1,900, 633, 6,343, 323 feet im length. then passing by a tunnel of 557 feet UNDER THE GROUNDS OF THE HISTORICAL TELL cuaren., after going throuch four additional tunnels of lesser length, in 3% miles reaches the station of Fiuelen at the upper end of the lake; thence up the bread and pastoral yall. y of the Reuss river to the station of well-preserved Altdorf, where’ “Tellthe apple shot,” thence to the statien Bogasto, the birthplace of Telt,and irom there fia Bh fect abuve the level ef the iodo a L abuve: Y 13 lan FI . ere éuds the G-st or northern valley dix the road and commences the. ‘or mountain sectio.. From the entratee to the great. set the differenee of is 2,680 tect, to attain w Fesorting The prevailing geological formations encoun- tered were yraniie and gneiss, the latter more or le: quartz and @ great caceous formations. LIVES Lost. Besides Favre, 180 others have lost their lives from one casualty or another in the tunnel dur- ing the prosecution of the work, and a monu- ment to their joint memory is to be erected near the northern portal of the tunnel, at Goesch- eueu, bearing the following inscription: Viro inter pancos industrio ac sollerti Ludovico Fabro Genevensi Bec non laborioissimae magni auspicis cohorti perfodiendis Aulac montis visceribus meatuque subterraneo sternendo de mutuotrium nationum commercio insigniter vel vitae dispendio promeritis Helvetiae Germaniae — moderatoris Sodali- as Gotthardina Privatoram operi faventium juentia hoc monumentum sacrum esse voluerunt. Airolo, at the southern portal of the tunnel, since the fire of 1877, has been It, and lies nestled in the mountain’sslope quite a stately village. To the west loom up ein soe Stalvedro chasm, where “ summits. The red sits throned in chaos,” is nearly Shiite, aid below in fult. view rashes by the ita ruck-tound. channel. The somber lo rag iitfs om the one : perpen Yicalan, achlated. ait inicaceous Evstfeld to" e of the work, of | | hard railway 62 tunnels, agurezati | lene 2 consciousness that we have but just emerged from the dark, long-drawn depths of a moan- tain tomb,and are about to engage in ruaning a Tace towards the sunny south beyond, with the roaring torrent below, is caleuiated to inspire even the otherwise least impressible. And so, descending a rapid decline,our train dashes into the fearful depths of the Stalyedro chasm, through which the river has here carved its way, and passing through several smaller tunnels we cmerge again in a narrow, but cheerful valley, greeting as we green meadows divers vi 3 plateau where sufficient space for human habi- tation could be found. After leaving the sta- tlon of Ambri,we soon find the D8 i feet, whilst . romaiti lies ensconced y inaccessible gorge, 615 feet ow, and but 2, ) feet above tide water. Just 1 of us we see the Tessin dart downa chasm, rent into the rocky base of the Piottine, whose sarred cliffs now torn asunder, Can hever more De one again.” then in a succession of picturesque falls and wild rapids reach the: valley below. Here com- menees the great Dazio gorge, in the depths of rhich the engineer crosses the river and after piercing two smaller tunnels boldly enters the perpendicular clits of the Piottind, to the left, where scribing a spiral tunnel knownasthe Freg- appare migii sob gio, 5,130 feet in length, we soon emerge, re- cross the Tessin, ona bridge of single span, and traversing in rapid succession two more smaller tunnels,after passing a siding station,we are con- fronted by the massive rocky walls of the Prato looming far up into the sky. But nothing daunted, the engineer has here again pierced the mountain side, and developing another, the Prato spiral tunnel, 5,108 feet in length, on the west bank of the stream, recrosses the latter on an iron bridge of single span,and thus after pass- ing through one additional tunnel we reach on the left the station of Faido. The grandeur of the view which here meets the eye can never be forgotten when once seen. The scenery between Fiesso and Faido 15 OVERTOWERINGLY GRAND, and the daring of the engineer simply wonder- ful. Vistas far down the valley of the Tessin, the mountain slopes and plateaus of which be- -yond the gorge are dotted with villages and groves of mulberry, walnut and chestnut trees, are here constantly presenting themselves untij it would seem as though the construction of this portion of the road was dictated rather by the tine points of view it afforded than what was really the fact—the topographical difficulties to be overcom rE ido. southward the somewhat, and no serious diffi countered’ until after we pass Lavorgo, in the Biaschina; valley widens Hties are en- he station of the Tessin again to another down r, to aceomp! danger and in the least p this time resorted to two suc tunnels on the de of the mouuta ano Fondo, 4,948 tect in reached by an iron Viaduet 348 n three immense pillars of feet high, and another viadnet pet long, resting on like pillars, from et high, together with heavy embank- S connecting tie second or 1 tunnel feet long, with its twin brother abo ad then enters the station of Giornico— jamons in Swiss history as the place where the six hundred Helyetian’ under the lead of their so-called Frischhaus Theilig, in the winter of 1478, put to flight 15,000 of the troops of the Duke of Hilan, and where stands the well preserved stracture of the earlier Roman period, the chureh of san Nicolo, together with a series of quaint old towers and ruins aseribed to the Longobar era. ng the constantly Increasing Tes- »gant proportions, we soon. ion of Bodio, where ends the mid- in division proper and commences ithern yalley section of the read. ron! here on past the beautifully located and the frowning battlements of ancient vna to the termini of the main stem at la, a distance of 31 miles, there isa de- cline of but 363 feet, and the most notable work of the engineer. with the exception of five tun- nels, consists in the extensive embankments of solid masonry along the Tessin and sundry bridges crossing its eastern tributaries. From Cadenazzo abranch linecrosses the delta- like bed of the Tessin on a securely constructed causeway and an iron bridge,resting on five mas- sive piles of masonry 164 feet apart, within eight miles, finds its termini in that most inter- esting of cities, Locarno, gracefully spreading itself out in the beautifulamphitheater of upper Lago Magziore. From Guibiasco,- the first station south of Bellinzona, the capital of the canton of Tessin, another road branches off to the ° east- ward, and taking to the mountain slope with a maximum grade of 137 feet to the mile, after passing through three tunnels and crossing the massive Piantorino viaduct, from which the view is 01 f enchanting beauty and grandeur, enters a tunnel 5,495 feet in length, emerging from which the divide, 1,558 feet above tide water, is crossed, and the summit station of Bi- ronico reached. Thence the line rapidly de- scends through the yalley of the Agno, passing through but one small tunnel until beyond La- . In order to surmount another water-shed scends on an incline a parapet of masonr teet high, and enters the Massagno tunnel, emerging from which the most exquisite picture of the route expands to view ; for immediately below, in unr 3 that PERFECT GEM OF SWIS: LUGANO, the city of that name glistening like a diadem erald mountain crown encircling its lous beauty! Thence the line d steep desline to the lake shore, and following its western border crosses the same at Melide ia: hence it is but 2!4 miles to a4 termini, fron Como, on Italian We hi thus on the whole line of the Gott- Z a total ana viaducts, th aggregate upwards of two mile: **'The nations of the earth enraptured veneration view this new line ommunication through the Alpine center of ‘land as one of the grandest monumental achievements of the present age, and in it recog- ‘ize that nobiest of ali principles which can en- se international effort: the welfare of man- ind in common!” joun Hirz. ee Ati Anti-Crinolette Crusade. From the London Medical Press. The crinolette cannot, with propriety, be called the thin edge of the wedge of crinoline, but it may, perhaps, be correctly described as the first elevation on the ascent of that moun- tain of absurdity which was such a nuisance twelve or fifteen years ago. The crinolette is simply @ ludicrous excresence which gives an English woman the outlines of a Hottentot and must be highly inconvenient, being something in the nature of a birdcage stuffed under the dress and fixed in the region of the archaic bus- tle, but it does not in my way interfere with functiorial activity nor endanger health. With crinoline, however, the case is far different, That was not only a social vaxation of the first magnitude, tending to the dissemination of nervous irritation by universal rafting of tem- per and creation of embarrassment, but it was a cause of disease anda danger to life. By ex- posing the lower half of the ly to currents of cold air and chilling, it helped to set up various disorders gnd to induce general debility, and by spreading out the inflammable materials of clothing in such a way that they were beyond control and almost beyond cognizance, it kept up a constant risk of conflagration whenever an open fireplace was approached. Many lives were sacrificed, owing to crinoline-infiated skirts firmly to set their faces against any atten sr irmly faces attempt at the reintroduction of this pernicious fashion, Our modern culture is not good for much if it is not strong enough to its foot down (to 3] methaphorically in mixed methaphor, Bats and to burst, once for all, this big silly bubble of crinolette. Let the crinolette its name, and be ken of as the Hoi tentot, and we tholtet ae il speedily cease to offend the eyes of those ut any Grosvenor Cat Mle ioe to the love of leanness, still adm! human form divine when unmillinéred and detest unsightly . protuber- 1 Aen ae feat nates tara te ee in ing ta h of miles and 63 bridges whose united let 10,000 fe The B. & 0. Rekicf Associations SOMB NEW FEATURES. Dr. W. T. Barnard, formerly of Washington, and now in charse of the hospital service of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, has just issued the prospettus of two additional features to be added to the'B. & ©. employes relief asso- ciation, which hé inaugurated two years ago under the auspices of President Garrett, and of which he is the managers The association has already become the foremost of ail benevolent organizatfons in America, and its excel- has received much commendation and endorsement, and;. several large railways have already adopted itvfor their employes. To the original program, which provides life insur- ance, annuities, pecuni relief and medical treatment, for sick and disabled employes, all at actual cost, schooling for employes’ children. and other minor provisions have now beea added asavings bank and a building feature. The association as reorganized has been incor- porated by special act of the Maryland legisla- ture, and the B. & O. Company, which originally donated to it the sum of 100,000, and whi also pays annually about $30,000 to the fund for the expenses, has guaranteed ail the provisions of the old and new features, thus giving it the support and stability, of its own standing and solvency. The plan of the association is unique and entirely new—at least in this eountry—and under Dr. Barnard’s man- agement it has become exceedingly popular among the employes of the company, many of whom have joined it since May, 1880. Reports just issued show it has expended $297, 48 in payments of benefits to members and for profes- sional attendance upon them. The B. and O. company makes the announce- ment that the objects sought to be attained by the savings bank and bnilding feature are the encouragement of prudence, economy and thrift by placing within the reach of every employe of the railroad company upon the simplest and most advantageous terms, compatible with proper security, all the benefits derivable from the safest and most liberal savings institution ofthe country—after eliminating from the latter all that makes them objectionable. It guaran- tees a fixed rate of interest of four per cent on all deposies which are to be loaned for building purposes at a uniform rate of six percent every- where on its lines. The company also gives tie service of its agents and officers free of expense in collecting and disbursing, and of its treasury in holding funds of the association. and large concessions in jzhts and transportation to its members desiring to build. The management of the saving bank, as of all other features of the association, is under the direction and con- trol of a board of directors, chosen jointly by the company and by the members of the associn- tion, and all its provisioi re entirely mutual and for the benefit of those belonging to it. sents aes: = 2 Commercial Feudalism. To the Editor of the Eventne Stan. A French writer whose ability is beyond ques- tion, after following the course of civil throuch its several phases of development, says: “Civili jon is tending tov the fourth phase by the influence of joint stock corpora- tions, which, under ihe cover of certain lex: privileges, dictate ters and conditions to labor and arbitrarily exelude from it whomever they ple These corporatidns contain the germ of Ly feudal coalition, which is destined to in- vade the whole industrial and finan S: mn and give birth to dommercial feud * = prous and ons only by trial and event is not far it about all the ationk will become vatbrea ‘These corpc | lead to new | being e: commercial system. distant 1 will ‘be br more y from the fact that it is not appre- |hended. * * * Extremes meet, and the er the extent to which the anarchical com- petition is earried/the nearer is the approach to the reign of universal monopoly, which i opposite excess. be always balan Circumstance: zation of the ing towards the or: jal classes into te companies or affiliated monopolies, which, ope: ating in conjun m with the landed interest, will reduce the middle and laboring c state of commercial yassalage, and by this ence of combined action will become master of the productive industry of entire nations. The small operators will be forced indirectly to dis- pose of their products according to the wishes of these monopolists; they will become mere agents forthecoalition. Weshallthensee thereappear- ance of feudalism in an adverse order, founded on mercantile leagues, and answering to the baronial leagues of the middle ages. Every- thing is concurring to produce this resuit. *« * * We are marching with rapid strides towards a commercial feudalism, and to the fourth phase of civilization.” So far as these cautionary words relate to the inevitable effects ot combined, soulless corporations, they al prophetic, ‘hough penned seventy ‘y ‘he modern barons have our greatest bh in their pockets, and tax at will our y tries. They control states, state legislatures and Congress. The necessaries of life are gar- nered by speculators and sold at prices which preclude the mechanic and laborer from pur- chasing them, however affxious they might be todo so. The money aristocracy of this coun- try is rapidly increasing—an__ aristocracy more heartless and tyrannical than the titled ones of old countries, and asa natural sequent the “chasm between them and the bone and sinew of our country is widening year. ‘There is nothjnz in common be- tween'them, the one, while the wail of homeless mothers and children is heard throughout the land, turns a deat ear to it, while the other, out of his scanty butes freely wards their \ lence of its to the full enjoyment | of a living remuneration, and such being the | case, it would be for the interest of capital to | reflect. seriously on the matter before labor makes any movement likely to endanger the stability of its strongholds. OctLus. ——— A Painter from Maine. A London letter in the Cincinnati Commer- cial says: One of the successful artists on the continent just now is David Neal, of Munich. I have just been looking at some large photo- graplis of his latest pictures, and knowing well his colors, have concluded that he is among the cleverist artists living. He was once a poor boy in Maine, drawing small designs to be engrayed in country newspapers. He made his way to California, and was there employed for larger illustrations. He mangged to get over to Munich, and got employed in the stained-glass factory there; his designs tor windows attracted the attention of Piloty, who took him into his studio, where he became an admirable artist. He married the daughter of Count (I forgot his name) who had charge of the art-glass depart- ment, and is now an important citizen of Mu- nich. One of his finest pictures Is that of Watt meditating on the kettle and discovering the powers of steam. It wasexhibited in the Royal ‘Academy in London, and purchased by Sir Ben- jamin Phillips, some time lord mayor, for a thousand pounds., David Neal's story has been recalled to me across the many years since I heard it by the tidings which have reached here ofa marvelous musical precocity that has ap- in Munich: It {8a little son of David Neal’s. He is barely nine years of age, and has already composed.pleoey) which attracted the admiration of Strauss, of Vienna, who is much interested in the boy’s farther training. The lad plays with his tin soldiers in the intervals of maine on the piano.' I have heard some of his Pieces, and imagine that since the time of Mozart (who had to be lifted on the piano stool to play before the emperor) no instance of such precocious musical. genius has been known. fe Anxious to be Neighborly. From the Detr oft Free Press He was 2 small Voy, with dirt on his nose and a faded straw hat on his head, and feet long un- washed. He walkea boldly up the steps, pulled the bell, and when the lady came to the door he sald: “Say, can you lend ma your telephone for a out. ‘ i to know what a telephone is. Who are you?” “(We live around the corn and we want to be neighborly. our wheelbarrow and wot ns Men eee, Sa ae hired girl over to borrow aed ‘We kinder thought w hone or and and get a ch: wee you to run right in wi THE q ‘THE PLANETS IN JULY. Suggestive Astronomical Topics—The Coming Transit of Venus—The Mar- tina Canals—The Question of a Lunar Atmosphere, From the Providence Journal. Neptuae is morning star, and takes the first rank in the order of precedence, ashe is the first of the morning quartette to make his appear- ance above the eastern horizon. He rises now about half-past 1 o'clock in the morning; at the close of the month he rises about half-past 11 o'clock in the eveni =aturn is morni ar and at the close of the month may be found néar the two brilliant clas- ters, the Pleiades and the Hyades in Taurus, ming a triangle with them. It will be easy to distinguish him from the ‘$s near him by his erene light and paie tint. He will be a beauti ‘ul object for observation, ri: afew minut = before midnight, five hours before sunrise, and having so far advanced towards terrestial do- mains as to give an earnest of the unusual splen- dor of his appearance at the coming opposition in November. Saturn rises now about a quar- ter before 2 o'clock in the morning; at the close of the mouth he rises a few minutes before mid- night. Jupiter is morning star, and ranks third in the ‘der of rising, but holds the pre-eminence in e and brilliancy, as he shines in radiant beauty, surpassing every other star that glowe in the heavens during the small hours that pre- cede the dawn. At the end of the month he will be a star worth beholding, as Capella bears him company on the north, mighty Orion and the slowing Sirius guard his footsteps on the south, and the merning sky while he rematus lord of the ascendant forme a celestial picture which will more than repay the early riser for the effort required to behold it. Jupiter rises now a few minutes before 3 o'clock in the morning; at the close of the month he rises at twenty-three minutes after 1 o'clock. Mercury is morning star thro month. On the 19th, at 6 o'clock in the after- noon, he reaches his’ greatest western elonga- ton, being at that time alittle more than twenty degrees west of the sun. Although he is oftei st ‘al dezress farther from the sun at one of his elongations than he is at present, hi northern declination, twenty-one degr him i t favorable positions of He may be found out the our ber about a quarter of a degree north of point, and twenty degre t Mercury now rises n: the morning: far trom hal at the close of month, before 4 o'el Venus is evening star and excels in size i d beauty the planetary brotherhood mat the month, i » the most iber of th nity, contribu- share to the © now b. On the Mth Alpha Leonis rin the handle of th he r active mi ting the na ofthe m often comes in the same star durin for obsery ueen of the stars wil and Alpha Leonis will be s degree—twice the dia south. Plan on—to the their nearest ap- o‘clock in the afternoon, bat they e the north. is_aclose one, but Uranus is invisi- o hear the sun fora fi ntion of the more closely concentrated on th planet as the time of her trans sreat event of the year. The eight Fre ties start this month tor the stati y have chosen in the western world, four in north lat- itude, and four in south latitude arrival at their different. destinati nd the intervening tim i gent preparation for th t Two Gern vatory inthe United States arrangements are being made for a combined at- tack on the planet that in fuli daylight passes over the sun’s surface. Astronomers are willing to take this labor and trouble in the hope of de- termining by means of the transit the sun's dis tance from the earth with an accuracy that may not henceforth be questioned. ~ Venus sets on the 1st of the month about half- t 9 o'clock in the evening; on the 3ist, she sets about 9 o'clock. $ ar during the month, but his Dp im to the title of the god of war. i892 must roll round before he takes on him to th to notice listinction. There is but one event in his eourse, his conjunction with h, at 7 o'clock in the morn- $ only-six minutes north of is brother planet. This eonjunction, like that of Venus with the same planet, is only visible to the eye of imagination. Mars is now brought pro: ount of ninently into notice markings ob- parelj, of the during the opposition of markings took on the form of ensively distributed over The same observer made velous discoveries soon after the me rem: canals, and | the st nals in about twenty lines actually unfoldin before his eyes, and The long, nar have been detected by other ir duplication by similar and « entirely new. Schia- themselves. progre thus doubling the ‘ition of Mars early in 1854 will find astronomers on the watch to seek for contirination of these strange appear- anc Mars sets now about seventeen minutes after 10 o’clock in the evening; at the end of the month he sets at 9 o’elock. anus is evening star. He sets on the Ist of the month about I o'clock in the evening; at the close of the month he sets a few minutes before 9 o'clock. THE MOON. July records the advent of two full moons, the sole month in the year honored with that distinction. The moon fulls on the 1st and again on the 30th. On the 10th the waning moon passes near Neptune and Saturn. Onthe 12th she forms with Jupiter a ‘lovely picture, waning crescent and brilliant planet being only a degree and a quarter apart. On the 18th the three-days-old moon is near Venus, and on the 19th near Mars and Uranus. The moon just now is an important member of the solar fam- ily. Something new may be anticipated in her monotonous story. The observers of the recent solar eclipse detected intimations of an at- mosphere on her apparently lifeless surface. This seems to confirm indications of movement that have never been accounted for, and scarcely credited in scientific quarters. Two days after the eclipse, an observer of forty years’ expe- rience, while looking at the moon, saw a cloud one hundred miles long and forty or fifty miles broad hovering over the ‘“ Mare Crisium,” pre- senting a misty, feathery appearance, unmis- takably different from other portions of the moon’s disc. If this REpenra ne: was a reality, and not an optical illusion, other observers wi be sure to detect something similar. Bound the World for Nothing. traveller, which expedient it fervently reeom- mends to enterprising but impecunious tourists for their adoption. The first thing the wander- er does is to become a Jew. Having performed this preliminary feat, he must contrive to effect a lodgment upon some portion of the Czar’s terri- tory. Thence he willbe immediately expelled: Som re yen ren 10 Lata in Galicia. At Lem- berg he berecelved by Mr.Lawrence Oliphant, who will forward him to the United States at America, the traveller on the raiment ee iencamerutt thine He Wil Gan ts ude and fiery hue that entitle j reteases every mini: He deiected a dn- | owe! when the Meth THE OBSERVANCE OF FHE 645- THE GHEAT O1L WELLS, % BATS DAY. Address of Ministers of # Methodist Episcopal Church on Sunday Trains to Camp-meetings—The Action «1 the Baltimore Annual Cenferemce En- dorsed and Commended. - To the Ministers and bers of the Washingtor: District of the Baltimore Annual Conference : Dear Brethren:—For several years past the Baltimore annual conference has urged upon tte ministers and members the importance of the observance of the Sabbath day in connection with our annual camp-meetings. It has espe cially condemned “Sunday trains and Sunday trafficking as tending to debase the Lord’s day in the publie estimate.” The policy of the Wast- ington Grove camp-meeting association in for- mer years has not been in harmony with the sen- ‘iments expressed by the conferenee on these and its purpose to continue similar ar- ements in connection with the camp this ; i theexplicit condemnation thereof by the conference at its last session, has induced the undersigned members of the Wash- ington preachers’ meet ng to call to your atten- tion the deciarations of our conference, to state the reasons which impel them to absent them- Ives from the approaching camp-meeting Washington Grove, and urge upon you a com- pliance with the advice and request of the con- ference upon the subject. At the session of March, 1879. the conference said: “Above all others, the Church of Christ should be free from connivance of any practice tending to debase God's day in the public esti- mate. We declare our condemnation of every- thing in connection with our camp-meetings tending to debase the Sabbath, such as traffick- ing on that day, and the running of Sunday trains. We urge the strongest efforts to correct these evils.” Inspired by this action of the conference, the Emory Grove Camp-meecting association’ de- clined to hold a camp the following suinmer un- the Western Maryland railroad would com- ith its original agreement not to run ex- ion trains to their grounds on the Lord’ At the session of 1880 the conference com- mended this resolution and said: ‘We deem ch action wise and proper, and insist that every means should be employed to prevent Sabbath desecration at camp-meetings and re- ligious services everywhere throughout our bounds. The general conference of onr church, its highest authority, in the pastoral address of 1580, in referring ‘to camp-mncetings, spoke of the desecration “ of the Sabbath day in public travel as a erying evil that di The: confer ton Grove Association. Sunda: tinued te run to the Washi and the profits thereof we: the land the a: a. Hiey at the AShort History of the Warren County, Pa., Find—The Most Prolific Ol Tere ritory Ever Discovered. A letter in the Philadelphia Record from Gar field, the new oil town in Pennsylvania, says: Three months ago this latest oll town was @ barren wilderness. Now it is a town of 130 houses, to which additional structures are being added dai itis the resort of the active op- erators of the new Cherry e oll deld, and the lounging place of all the land-sharks, gain- Dlers and laborers who follow in the wake of every fresh oll excitement. The magnitude and importance of this section is now conceded throughout the entire oil region, In th or tirely suspended, the eases Tecoghizing the hop re with th and-barrel gusters on a fifty-cent market, The trade is waiting with {ll-concealed tmpatience for the developments of the next sixty days, which may be expected to roughly outline the Cherry Grove fieid aud define to some extent tts producing capacity. The true story of the manner of locating the = well of this fleld has never until now found its way into print. The “446” well was put down on principles that are regarded in oildom as fundamental, yet no man until Capt. Peter Grace and George Dumick strolled ti Warren one day last winter, thought it worth while to bother with Cherry Grove, under whose sterile hills lay @ greasy treasure worth millions, Their theory was the simple one that where a heavy vein of gas was struck said Capt. Grace to the writer, “upon lot 586 you find the two Cornen gases’ drilled 300 feet ‘below the sand of the Clarendon field. At that depth gas was found of 140 pounds pressure to the inch. Then about amilie south by west of these gas wells.on lot 583,is the old Roth and Crowell well, drifted to the same sand as the Cornen wells, but spraying oil through the casing under an mmeuse presse of gas, the production being about six barrels a day. Now, we Just put these wells together, and thought that as one had cas but no oil, while the other had gas and oil, too, there must be a big pool of ofl somewhere fur: ralong. So weranaline trom the upper Cornen well, through the Roth and Crowell pro= ducer, and jumped five miles along this line to lot 646, where we located the ‘Mystery.’ We were not sure of it, but we were bound fo work the market anyway, and so we hauled twenty: five varrels o to the well, to be used to aease the derrick in case she turned out dry. But she didn’t come in dry, know,” said the Captain, as he lounged oif with a friend. The Wells here are the f all marvels to oil men. N: prolitic territory has ever been tapped since the Drake weil fh the possibilities of petroleum pre have been wells a3 larze as the een found uniformly |, as the pushers ved hereabouts. Over the hill south of . on lot 671. is a well shut down on top of the sand, the drill having barely 1 through the shell which covers the ofl- bearing conglomerate. The well is plugged, yet occasiona’ r’s duration. n it is supplied it will be opened up, and its ca- be limited by that « ands correction.” neral and annual trains con- irove cal Ja pursa stockholdet future a drawba sold or issued on the Sabbath day, stponed was ain pnt itself in of the genera! and | oppe | the Buitimor: Impre pacity will on! which is lowing re: wit ny, Which is flowing a steady streain f 0) barrel: eof 3 in their conscientious scruples iate with railroad corporati ; and do hereby ‘of the sospel, to utmost of Our 1 they have mag. en these two miles certainly, and ies, every well struck art off at a 1,000 barrel ra and southern limits of the to be the Reth and Crowell well t GS or 65 on the south. Minister Run, bank by dry holes, about 110 rigs up and wells drill- ing is the estimate for the status of this deld on ny of these rigs belong to wealthy il companies, and the wells will not be drilled Much of the territory is cut up into lots, on which the lessee is charged $1,000 an acre bonus and one-fourth of all the oil produced. Eyen at this extravagant price the land is eagerly snapped up. Yesterday $12,000, with royalty of one-half the oil pro- duced, was paid by a prominent Titusville pro- ducer for twelve acres ot lot 619, on which fs situated the great Murphy gusher. This man will ee down two wells. By the time they are nisin no accident ppens, the will have cost him $20,000, rj jhat the ‘aeeae must produce 40,000 barrels of 50-cent oil clear before he can realize a dollar of profit on his in- vestment. The older ofl men shake their heads over such problems and say that all vious ex- perience of territory like this has nm that it does not last. The ‘oil is in a loose conglomer- ate, which rapidly exhausts itself. In ninety days, they claim, the wells will fail off at a rapid rate, and each completed producer will acceler- ate the decline. But as yet these croakers find w hearers among the oil men, who are rush- ing the drill with avigor never before dis- played. ‘The program is to get down to the oil- pearing rock, then put up tankage, get in a pipe-line connection, and an hour's work with the drill does the rest. After the wells begin flowing strongly it is impossible to remove the tools, and they are allowed to remain suspended at the bottom of the hole. The burning well of the Anchor Oil Company, on lot 647, about half a mile from Garfield, has ceased to be a novelt: it the sight is still grand and impressive. The solid stream of oil spurts from five to ten feet above the al be- fore it ignites, when it 11 a flame of gigantic dimensions y a pall of dense black smoke that rises almost to the sum- mer clouds. The heat is so intense that no one can approach within thirty of the well. Jef ferson Morrison has contracted to extinguish fire within ten days for $3,000 worth of oil, 500 im cash and $1,000 a day for each day less nten from the time when the work began uccess is doubtful, at least until the pro- ion of the well, now 2,800 barrels daily, has fallen off. The burning of these inces- santly-flowing wells is a new problem to this generation of oil operators, who watch the ex- periments of the Anchor Oi! Company with anx- ious eyes, thinking that it may be their turn The Grant well, near Rouseville, which was burned in 1865 while gushing 2,200 barrels aday, was extinguished by heaping earth ina huge pile over the mouth of the wel. But such aremedy would ayail nothing here because of ie sep quantity of gas which escapes with. € Oil —__—__-e-_______ It is generally understood, though not yet om- announced, | wells, for_a width of tw probably four or five may be expected to rate. The north field are Lil preeepts whi t we express our unqualified con- | demnat: eamp-1e ti which axre: rebate fi $; and we urge our people enance all camp-meet- hren of the | uid desist in the future from the red to; but to our great sorrow earned that in May last, and be- fore any action had been taken by the preachers’ y again resolved upon the continu- former practice in regard to the | Tebate from Sunday trains. Two communications from the Washington preachers’ meeting asking for» conference on | this subject were refused con= eration, one | being referred to the meeting of ‘ay, 1883, be- | cause addressed to the “association and not the executive committee,” the other addressed to and received by the executive umittee, was laid on the table. The action of the association in thus persisting in practices which the conference has condemned year afier year “asa desecration of the Sabbatii day. debase it in the public estimate. evils to correct which it urged and ins'sted upon the strongest efforts,” in our jud:cwent not onl er and member of the M. rting the | meeting. th | ance of th church from the obligation of suy camp meeting, but on the contrary calls upon them by every proper effort ntenance and withdraw from it. The observance of the | Sabbath day is of far more value to the church and community than any camp meeting or other religious service. As the conference said in pe “We live intimes when foundations are ie tested. Not only are the principles of our Christian taith being assailed, bnt the bases ot Christian morals and social order are being at- tacked. * * * It becomes Christian people to be alert. * * * Itis the duty of Christian people to preserve this heritage of our common humanity.” Dear brethren, approving of, and comn x to you the action of the general and more annual conferences on t t. with | | the earnest prayer that the time may seon come lism of our cit: istrict can. | be united | of the Washington Grove camp-meeting in ac- | cordance with the teachi we urge you to di | all other camp-neetings supported in whole or rt b: 8 CO tothe Word of God, ressly cond uch by the highest s of the M. E. church. n in Christ, Wilford Downs, pastor Waugh station. S. M. Hartsock. pastor Ha:nline station. R. N. Baer, pastor Metropolitan station. J. C. Hagey, pastor Grace station. L. M. Gardner, pastor Mt. Zion station. W. T. L. Weech, pastor Union station. C. Herbert Richardson, pastor McKendree ara pastor 12th-street stath '. A. Morgan, pastor 12th-street station. Hirst Reed, pastor North Capitol and Me- morial stations. G. M. Berry, pastor Tennallytown station. E. S. Fort, pastor Forestville circuit. John R. Wright, local preacher of Hamline station. H. A. Gross, local preacher of Georgetown station. W. S. Fort, local preacher of Hainline station. SS e that the’ coronation of Ki Kalakaua will take place on February 12th, 13 ‘the anniversary of his accession to the Hawaiian throne. The steamer Alhambra hasarrived at St, Johns, X. F.,from New York, with supplies for Lieut. reeley’s party of Arctic observers. SFYEN MILLIONS Misplaced Confidence. Froni the Oil City Derrick. A poor man stood before the Oil City temper- nce rooms Thursday night and listened to the sounds of pleasure within for a short time. Thenthe slowly ascended the steps and accosted @ young man. “Say, mister, do you think they'd give a man suthin’ to diink in there?” “Certainly; walk right in.” He reached the door and inquired in which part a the room the free lunch counter was “This » @ temperance meeting, sir” said an ! This is where you keep ice water and sell strawberries and chilled milk for poor inebriates who don’t.drink.” “Yes, this is for reformed drunkards. Are you one?” “No,” he said, as he went sadly out, “I'ma misinformed drunkard.” OF PORES OPEN, AND YOU LIVE AND BREATHE IN ATMOSPHERES WHICH POISON YOUB BLOOD, AND THEN FOLLOWS SKIN DISEASES. are subject to this, as well as to dandraff, tetter and other wcaly diseases to baldness, ulcers and other troubles. Intelligent people should beware of taking its worth. It is not apatent medicine, but the result of hus own experience and practice, and is asure cure for prourr ACTION DONT EXPERIMENT ON YOURSELVES, XOU NEED RELIEF AT ONCE!