Evening Star Newspaper, March 22, 1882, Page 2

The Smithsonian Institution Building. a8 APPEOrKIATION NERDED TO MAKE THR BAST WING FIRE PROOP. HOW TO INCREASE THE WATER . SUPPLY. By direction of the board of regents of te | wines oft the peahtal paaihoen ittee. a Ins on, Congress has been asked te $50,000 to Inake the east wing of the re proof. Professor Baird in his letter Keifer transmiiting the resolution of the board of regents in reference to the matter Smithson. i n the Sr remembered th th which ve, with amount of ” originally t for the r years azo w Aa it apartments g dence of the lite secretory and his fam! This application of ty ever, was dis: continusd atter Prot. eat; but the Foams thris ot ‘i rely unsuited to the Operations of Uh nt, and, while in timbers have de- lation. The ner accominn:! the dep:rtma! benetts of which the library of Cr braries inl sev United St:tes, chives, flies of ec gove for &e.; distri- abroad, and ; 2 stanly exposed, detrimental to the and the geucral extensive fire in th endanger and possibly destroy the mein portion of the Smithsonian butlding, the upper and lower halls of which contain rare’ spec government, and most of wh Placed. Congress-has reco and propriety of gratua intertor of Uv a eould not be re- reconstructing the | mithsonian building, in fire-proot | main | Upon the question ot water sapp! materials; i wood and | yw remains in | | materials, by making appropriations for the pur- | e at Varios times between 1870 and 187 he last Congress, in 1879, apj Widing addition security agoimst fire in the tthsonian remodel ti of the east wing, so that, Without t the int capacity oubled by a new | arrang: of floors, partitions all the roms be adapted to the eMich tion of the work of the institution ‘ous Interests Intrusted to lis manageny gress Inc losed I beg to send a copy of the report Of the bon of fire (appointed by the condition of the that the following appropriation be made at the at Session of Cong viz: For continuing and completing the Of the Smith- Ssoulan Institution, $50,000." “Blown” Meat. #BE DISGUSTING MUDE OF ITS PREPARATION FOR MARKET. ‘The offering for sale of blown meat In the mar- Kets this winter ts not contined to tals ci has been pretty extensively practiced thro the country by speculators in dressed meats, espe- ¢lally mutton and veal The purpose of the “plowing” butchers is to deceive the pu ‘these meats by making it look plump an: The Cincinnatt Kuyuirer of the 16th inst. de- Scribes the process of “plowing” as practiced by the butchers in that amb being ktlted, an incision is made in the leit hind leg, and th Duteher, placing his mouth thereto, blows with all Dis might. The Lumb is blown out ke a balloon. ‘The wind thus forced into the carcass is distrib- uted ail through it by the butcher, who vigorously kneads it with his hands for that purpose. It too often is the case that the very one who thus Diows into a lamb is a man whois soaked with vile whisky, and may be Favages of disease. There effect upon the meat Of such a filthy wrete! from cating meat thus animal has t object of Meat look nice and plump. red exceedingly inviting te ‘The wind blown into the animal finds tts way clear to the bones, and pu‘fs out the meat most beautifully, : trick can ry there are thot heard of su half devoured by the ore, What must be via By this means it is SETS 3 quently know annot be expected a they see it. Veal ls be on the wateh for is a law against the of sth poisonous stuiT, and the man who would be guilty of the devilish feat of blowing mution, veal or any other kind of Sesh tntended for market should be summoerily eealt with, a8 meat so prepared Is not fit for a vul- ture to eat. me: i this poisoned meat. T Sale or offering for sa’ — The Court Cover Iv GENERAL TERM. ier agt. Baltimore and Potomac new trial granted. Burnett act. aftirmed, with modith-ation of ded mn siee. Hibernia Butld- on motion de Monday, Ratlroad ( ied and 1 Keyser ag 1. Jolunston agt. District of Columbia; jay, Johnston agt. District of Columbia; od. and Submit Crneurr CovRt—Judze MacArthor. Monday, Muiret al agt. Dale; motion to give additional security granted. itz, administrator, verdict for det nt. Glick agt. L Schlotter bes tes, use of Minor, sled and suit dis- a ‘alls Insuran at defendant's costs. Equrry Covst—/ud Monday, Kinney, agt. Mex testimony’ limited "to thirty « Rutherford; testi: ft take ys Morrison agt yin Owens agt. Rutheriord n this cause. Westham Granite ‘timony extended -on; prayer of Yances caticeled, Ke agl. Tliton; commission to get answer of infant defendant ordered to issue. Christiancy agt. Christiancy; motion to suppress interroga- tories overruled; ‘commission to Lake testimony in Detroit ordered to issue. Yesterday, Leonard agt. Leonard; testimony omered tuken before John Cruikshank, examiner. Given agt. Wheeler; appearsnce of’ absent, de- feadantorderet. Jones agt. Orstty; decree. ‘cor- Fecting decree tn equity cans 5,958. CRIMES AL COUkT—Judge Wylie. Monday, John Grahe, unlicensed bar; verdict Rot cullty. | Win. Sinith, sodomy: pleads guilty of assal to jail for thirty notice Of motion in aFrest of judg~ °. Soteldo, murder; plea of not guilty withdrawn; motion’ to quash indictment argued and subinitted. Adjourned tli 10 a.m. to- day. Assignment—Cuarles Shaw, John T. Mitchell, A. B. Sei ene id, Samuei Morris, Samuel Lincoln} uifin. pet Y¥; pleaded guilty; sent- enced to iwo years’ labor at Auburn. Henry (alias Robert) Joiunson, burglary and larceny ; pleaded not guilty. Henry Young, sccond BY; pleaded not guilty. rien, robbery; Fecognizance forfeited and bench warrant ordered 2 Henry R eth, iaescuit, with intent Co kill: hot gulity. Andrew B. Schofteld, forgery: Verdict not curity. a. ‘orice CouRT—Judige Snetl. Monday, Chas. Williams snd Jos. Sanders, lar- ceny of #4 from M Augusta Flemings; three Months exch. Ella Boston, larceny of $90 from ‘Thos. Sie @ days in iL Phillp Davis, lar- at; $0r 15 days, Lizzie Al- F; persobal bonds to has Hawkins, threats to Jane ohnson, i i il forfeited coll 15days. John Che -¥, loud Smith, a: enry do. Ls Carrie Wil- Yams, loud and bo: Tous; & OF 15 day How Naunegs Grow. Nutmesss grow on little trees which look like little pear trees, aud are generally not over twenty feet high. The flowers are very much like the lily of the valle: Very fragrant. The nutmex is the seed of the fruit, and mace is the thin covering over the seed. The fruit is about as large as a peach. it breaks open, and shows a little They are pale and The trees grow on the isiands of Asia | and tropical America. They bear fruit for sey- enty or eighty years, ing ripe fruit upon them all the seasons. A fine tree in Jamaica has over four thousand nutmegs on it ever year. The Dutch uxed to have all this nutmeg trade, as they owned the Bada Islands, and conquered allthe other traders and destroyed the trees. To keep the price up, they once burned three piles of nut mez: : ehureh. Nature did not sympat meanness. The nutmes pigeon, found in all the Indian islands, did Tor the world what the Duteh nad determined should not be done—earried those nuts, which are their food. into allthe sur- rounding countries, and trees grew again, and the world had the benefit. In the far north of Europe spring has been ‘bis year. Primulas and rose- buds were gathered in Danisit gardens in Jan- Wary, and the starling, the first harbinger of spring, had avrived from the south in flocks. A Dublin comic paper says that the govern- ment are abont to prohibit *“fhe Meeting of the Waters” at Avoca, and that the growing of potatoes is to be interdieted because the gov- ernment obiects to “drilling” for “Irish cham- honor to ask, in | If of the board of regents | the uninithited. | | only | therefore recommend the use of cast-iron m: j point, to be connected by THEY DECLARE IT UNWISE TO EXPEND MONEY IN TEMPORARY EXPEDIENTS—THEY RECOMMEND A PERMANENT IMPROVENENT ON & COMPREHEN- SIVE SCALE. The following is the report made by Senator Harris, from the Senate District committee, The committee on the District of Columbia, to hich were referred Senate bills 109 and 446, and an amendment to the latter, the first being bill to provide forthe completion of the dam - | atthe Great Falls of the Potomac,” and the latter, “a bilt to increase the water supply of the city of Washington,” has considered the sane, and_ reports: That Washington and Georgetown are suj plied with water from the Potomac above the euls are provided for | Great Falls, by means of the Washington Aque- iv duet, which is circular in section and nine feet in diameter, and extending from Creat Falls 60,922 feet tothe distributing reservoir near Georgetown. The water conducted from the ns of4 xate-house at the distributing reservoir to Washington and Georgetown by three mains, respectively 12, 30 and 36 inches in diameter. average daily delivery from the reservoir has been as follows: OL The committee is of opinion that from belonging to the | 25,000,000 to 27,000,000 gallons per day is the Tax! nized the importance | the thr m that can safely be relied upon from ee mains now in use. This quan- tity, if properly distributed, the committee believes to be'an ample supply for the present, and | but owing to the different altitudes in different piiated $3,000 ‘for | parts of the city, the distribution cannot be so regulated as to meet the ne ies of the It ts now proposed t | higher lands except by the use of steam pumps to raise the water, and the pumps now in use? | though driven to their full capacity, fail to furnish an adequate supply to the people residing in the more elevated parts of the city. To meet this necessity, more pumps must be pet to work, or a larger quantity of water must brought from the Potomac. THE USE OF STEAM PUMPS involves a large and continuous expense, and they only serve to distribute to the high levels their proportion of the 26,000,000 or 27,000,000 gallons, while by a sufficient increase in quan- tity all but the highest points in Georgetown, it is believed, can be supplied, and so reduce the area to be supplied by pumps that a small pro- Portion of the pumps now in use will fully sup- ply it. After full conference with General Meigs, who constructed the aqueduct, Colonel Casey, the engineer now and for several years in charze of the same, and Major Twining, the Engineer Commissioner of the District, the committee is satisfied that, to secure a uniform, continuous, and increased supply of water in’ Washington | the dam at Great Falls must be completed by raising that part already constructed 1 2-10 feet, so as to bring it to 148 feet above datum, and extend the same at that level across Conn’s Is- land and the Virginia channel to the Virginia shore. IN RESPECT TO THE DAM, and the estimates of cost of same, Col. says: The dam now in place at the Great Falls reaches from the Maryland shore to the east side of Conn’s island. It isa cut-stone dam, partly finished. It is obliquely to the thread of the current, its down-stream: end being on the Maryland shore. and is 1,260 feet | in length. Its top is at 146.8-10 feet above the datum plane. To finish the part commenced to | the level of 148 feet, carry it in about the same direction and at the same level across Conn’s island to the Virginia shore. will require an | addition to its length of 1,740 feet, making its total leagth 3.000 feet. The estimated cost of the completion of this dam to the level of 148 feet is as follow: 0 cubic yards excavation, at 21 4,891 cubic yards cut stone masonry, $22.50 ‘ 298 cubic yards riprap: 351 cubic yards coping, at Making. BL ‘o this sum must be added the amount that it will to condemn that part of the land not owned by the covernment upon which the dam ready constructed rests, and the land nece: ry for its extension across Conn’s Island to the Virginia shore. The committee has no data upon which to base an estimate of this item. There must also be added to the cost of com- pleting the dam, the cost of protecting the Chesapeake and Ohio canal from the additional flooding which the heightening and extension of the dam would cause intime of high water This item is estimated by Col. Casey at $12,— 300, making the whole cost of completing dam exclusive of cost of land, 2157,451. The committee think it sate to say that the whole cost of dam, including cost ot land, will not exceed $175,000 or #200,000. Colonel Casey recommends as “the least cost- ly and most expeditious method of increasing the supply, that another main be laid from the distributing reservoir to Lincoln square on Cap- itol Hill, 4 feet in diameter, and located ona route to be determined from a careful survey; it would convey to Capitol Hill, at an elevation of 115 teet above datum,27,000,000 galions per day. “But looking to the future, when the whole capacity of the conduit may be required to sup- ply Washington and Georgetown, the extension of the conduit to the high grounds north of Washington would doubtless be the best solu- tion of the problem.” The main that he proposes will be 31,200 feet in length, and is estimated to cost when laid, and the streets restored to their paved condition, $20 per foot, aguregating $624,000. EXTENSION OF THE CONDUIT. General Meigs and Major Twining concur in recommending the extension ofthe conduit to the high grounds north of the city as the best means of remedying the present evil of inade- quate supply, differing oy as tothe point to which it should be extended. The point recommended by General Meigs is near the junction of 10th and Boundary streets, with proper main connections, furnishing three separate services one for all the city lying at an ‘@iitude of more than 90 feet above tide, another for all that lies between 50 and 90 feet above tide, and the last for all the city which lies less than 50 feet above tide. The estimates submitted by Gen. Meigs in 1879 were as foliows: 51-inch boller ron Pipe, for middle ser- feet. : $5,510 at 114.959 16. @ 8,106, vice, 6,300 fe 875,000 00 42-inch boiler-iron pipe, ser- viee, 6,800 feet... ssee2 61,200 00 20-inch east-iron pipe, for high ser- vice, 4.000 feet...... 0... = 20,000 00 Land zes, Tight of way under strip 10 feet wide over tunnel, and half acre at shaft, say in all 10 acres. 8,200 00 Conduit 3:4 miles long...... 460,000 00 Making. -.- 624,400 00 Upon revising for extension of conduit at this time, Gen. Meigs adds to the above... 43,000 00 Making an agzregate of........667,400 00 He does not revise the estimates of 1879 for the iron pipe, but says, as prices have advanced since that time, he refers to Col. Casey for accu- rate intormation as to the cost of iron at this time. Col. Casey and Major Twining agree that there will be no considerable difference in the cost of boiler-iron and cast-iron pipes, and that the cast- iron fs better and much more durable. They and Major pk od estimates the cost of ex- tending the conduit to the point near 10th and Boundary streets with the necessary cast-iron main connections, as follows: Extension of conduit (original esti- mate)... + 487.813 91 Land gamages. + 45,335 00 . 138 91 Saeat8 © Total cost of conduit to that point. 596,452 80 Main connections from that point.. 171,400 00 Major Twining recommends the extension of conduit toa | ge on the high Fs north struction of « teservalr of large eapmaity Mk teed struction a e @ 4foot main ew Jersey avenue with the principal mains which now radiate from the vieinity of L and G streets, and he estimates the cost as follows: AMAZES.... Add 10 percent to Total cost of Necessary main | Completion of dam. Casey | €32,045.00 57,067.50 34,000.00 411.25 # Total cost of reservoir........ 466,593.75 If the dam is completed and the conduit ex- tended to either of the points above suggested, we may confidently expect a daily delivery of RIGHTY MILLION GALLONS OF WATER | in the new reservoir at a level of 140 feet. The adoption of the plan suggested by Colonel | Casey will secure the additional daily delivery of 27,000,000 gallons, which will double the pre- | sent supply, but this is the maximum to be ex- | pected from the main suggested, and at a level | af 115 feet above datum. While the plan sug- gested by General Méigs, and recommended by Major Twining, wil! deliver a quantity equal to | the drafts upon the reservoir within ‘the limits | of the maximum above given and at much ener levels. Tobe cost of the respective plans will be as fol- low: Colonel Casey, additional main. Completing dam Total... General Meigs’ plan Completion of dam. Major Twining’s plan. Total, exclusive of reservoir... Cost of reservolr..........+2++++ . Making. 1,482,824.30 The committee is of opinion that it is unwise | and impolitie te expend a large amount of money | Upon . | A MERE TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT | to remedy the present evil, when it can be bet- | ter remedied by a permanent improvement in | the completion of a great and important work— at a cost not very much greater than will be in- volved in the expedient—and the completion of which will, at no distant day, become an abso- | lute neces: The difference in the cost of laying the 48-inch main, and extending the conduit to 10th and | Boundary streets, with necessary main. connec- tions, is only $133,852.80; and extending same | to 6th street extended, with necessary main coa- nections, is $192 , and if the reservoir is | added, costing $466,523.75, will make the total diference in cost $ : but this will com- | plete the work and secure a delivery at all tinies | equaLto the n ties, within the capacities | the conduit as indicated by the above table, | the delivery will be at a higher level and ‘with much greater head. | _ The committee recommends that the Attor- | Ngy-General be directed to proceed at once to condemn the’ land not already owned by the United States, upon which the dam at Great Falls now rests, and the land necessary for its extension to the Virginia shore, and that the dim be completed to the level of 148 feet above datum to the Virginia shore ; and that the Chesa- peake and Ohio canal be protected from the in- creased flooding that the completion and exten- sion of th a will cause; and that the con- duit be extended to the high grounds north of the city of Washinton, at or near Sixt street extended, and that the land necessary for a res- ervoir of ample capacity be procured by con- demnation, or otherwise, and that the reservoir and necessary gate-house be constructed at that point, with proper and necessary main connec- tions. The government of the United States under- took the work of bringing “to the cities of | Washington and Georgetown an unfailing and pod and wholesome water.” constructed the wor and laid a large proportion of the principal mains which supply the two cities. But to complete the wor and put it in con- nd people to reap ditional expenditures must be | the full benefic, made. Believing, as the committee does, that there should be ‘NO DIVIDED OWNERSHIP, INTEREST, OR CONTROL, but that the government should be the absolute owner, and haye complete and absolute control of the dam, conduit, reservoir, and principal mains, the committee recomtnends that the ex- pense of completing the dam, extending the conduit, constructing the reservoir, and laying the mains be paid by the United States, and that the authorities of the District of Columbia be permitted, as heretofore. to lay such pipes as may be nece: to distribute the water to the people, and te fountains as_ will sup- ply the necessities of persons not able to have the wa ught into their houses. The committee reports a bill as an amend- ment, in the nature of a substitute for the two bills referred to, and recommends that it pass. As an appendix to this report, the committee asks to have printed with it areport made by this committee in 1879, which contains a history of the legislation in respect to the aqueduct with its cost and other matters in respect to it, and, also, the report of Col. Casey upon the damages that will result to the Chesapeake and Ohio canal by reason of the completion of the dam at Great Falls. ———~so0-——______ A Storm on the Sun. After a time of comparative quiet anothe: storm has burst upon the sun. Two or three weeas ago the great disk of the luminary shone in the telescope with hardly a spot, or a varia- tion anywhere in brilliancy except the ordinary mottling, which sometimes appears strikingly suggestive of a masse of tremendous flames, on the tops of which the spectator is looking down. Then a spot of small size appeared and moved slowly across the disk. Presently a congeries of little epots broke forth like an eruption, sur- rounded by faculz in glowing waves and tortu- ous banks. In a day or two the outlines of a large spot could be seen coming around the eastern limb of the sun. It seemed to grow as it advanced. In ashort time a white filament pushed its way across the very center of the spot, looking like a snow bridge over a dark Cee, and then the spot split in two and slowly disappeared. Now the eastern edge of the disk began to be crowded with on-coming spots. The wrinkled lines of facule showed where the surtace was agitated, and where new spots were likely to break forthat any moment. They came in groups, and one huge spot with a dark central chasm capacious enough to swallow the earth seemed to be their leader. Cloudy days inter- vening interrupted the sight, but with every return of sunshiny weather the telescope re- vealed new spots and new groups, until n the sun is spotted like a leopard. The si with a magnifying power low enough to show the whole disk at once is wonderful. The spots are of all from great caverns in whose dark purple depths the eye fancies it can detect strange forms, mys- terious creations of the sun, to little specks that but for their congregating in the neighborhood ot the larger spots would hardly be noticed. It is a beautiful spectacle, and only systematic ob- servations and measurements can convince the beholder that he is witnessing such a battle of elemental forces as this earth has never beheld since it hardened froma rotund mass of fi gases into a firm and habitable globe. A little careful watching and calculation soon show the real meaning of what the telescope re- veals. It is the heaving and lashing and swirling of a storm, not a storm in any sense in which we understand the word from our expe- rience here on the earth, but a storm born, prob- ably, in the interior of the sun itself, and exer- cising its fearful upon a ball of glowing gases. But those gases are in the most unheard-of and marvellouscondition. Am« them are many whose names are familiar to mts of chemis- try, and which In ourlaboratoriesare airy pings that reveal themselves only. by their effects. In the sun they are heated up @ degree that no earthly chemist would recognize them, atleast not by their conduct, for in that unpar- freed from many of the imposes upon them here. men of science tell us, andcen' @ still, they must re- their mechanical behavior rather tar or honey than the airy substances which we know under their names, These gases, contin- ually i hoc, Lahde d from the center, part! cooled at what appears to us as the surface ot the sun, and fall back in showers ae Tee Raid pick eerronnd ings that the sun storms rage, from such that they are born.—New York Sun. ————+e- | diameter and weighing several tons. HOW BIG PROPELLERS ARE CAST. AN INTERESTING PROCESS AT THE NAVY YARD— THE WAY THE BRASS 13 MELTED AND. POURED INTO THE MOULD. The important work of manufacturing the huge brass propellers that are used on the large steamers of our navy, is carried on exclusively in the navy yard in this city, where the propel- lers of all the principal steamers in the navy are made. The method of constructing these mammoth pieces of machinery is interesting, Only the most skilled and reliable workmen ase entrusted with their construction, for the | slightest mistake or carelessness on the part of | @ single workman during any stage of the work would spoil the whole job and cause the government a heavy loss. A PROPELLER, such as is used on naval vessels, consists of four large oval blades, the smaller ends of | which are connected with a heavy hub, which forms the center, and which is made to fit on the screw of the stcamer in the manner of a wheel on an axle. Propellers are, of course, of different | izes, the larger ones measuring twenty feet in They are made in the large building known as the foundry, which comes underthe bureau of steam enginecring, of which Chief Engineer William H. Shock, of the navy, is chief, and Mr. George Wilson boss. To ‘give the propeller the | great strength it requires, it is not cast in sec- tions, but in one piece, and its large size is what makes the job so difficult. THE PIT. | paper press, and we are probably po: THE PRESIDENT’S FATHEI- LAW. with the rest. Let no one call this rash, hile or vain; It was conduct the most joyal, noble and true. The names of this brave crew have not been given, else I should suggest the propriety of making some formal acknowledgment of the high appreciation in which such devotion to duty and such conduct are held by the depart- ment. Tam aware that these men do not belong to the navy, but they are American seamen, nob! The following official account of the lossot | doing thelr duty-ander the Amerean dag i the steamer Central America in 1857 and the | a ing luster to it by their deeds. Whether of heroic death of her commander, Capt. Herndon, | the naval or of the merchant , such con- U.S.N., was written by Lieut. Maury, of the | uct should not zo unrequited by the govern- . é frorite (meat. During the lowering of the boats and United States Naval Observatory shortly after its Maker ten aeeco een ote A Chapter From The Past. THE HEROIC DEATH OF CAPTAIN HERNDON—OF- FICIAL AND GRAPHIC ACCOUNT OF THE LOSS OF THE CENTRAL AMERICA. ~ ; occurrence. It is a vivid picture of heroism aad | much discipline preserved among danger: | that ship, and as much order ob- » OBSERVATORY, WASHINGTON, among her passengers, as was ever wit- | nessed on board the best regulated man-of-war. | The law requires every commander in the navy to show in himself a good example of vir- tue and patriotism; and never was example more nobly sent or beautifully followed. Capt. Hern by those noble traits which have so endeared his mem ory to the hearts of his coun- | trymen, had won the respect and admiration of the crew and passengers of that ship in, sach a degree as to acquire an influence over them | that was marvellous in its effects. The women | felt its force. Calm and resolute themselves, | they encouraged and cheered the men at the | pumps and in the gangways; and, finally, to Heriaon' ieee appeal for one more effort, they | rose superior to their sex, and proposed to go | on deck themselves and with fair hands and | feebie arms there do man’s work in battling | with the tempest. There were many touching incidents of the | most heroic personal devotion to duty and to | him during that dreadfal storm. Even after the October 19, 1857. f Sir: On the 12th day of September last. at sea, the United States mail steamship,Central Amer- ica, with the California mails, most of the sengers and crew. and a large amount of treas- ure on board, foundered in a gale of wind. The law requires the vessels of this line to be commanded by officers of the navy, and Com- | mander William Lewis Herndon had this one. He went down with his ship, leaving a glowing xample of devotion to duty, Christian conduct, and true heroism. All hopes of his having been picked up ie passing vessel have vanish The sur- ors of the wreck have made their statements of the gale, the sinking of the ship and the rescue. Those have gone the rounds of the news- essed of all the particulars concerning that awful catastro- phe that the public wil! ever know. The department has already been officially in- There is in the center of the shop a large cir- | cular pit, which, when a propeller is to be | cast, is filled with a preparation of fine sand loam and other porous substances, in which the | pattern or model of the propeller is placed | and coyered with the lo: A gang of men is set to work ramming the loam on the | pattern for hours, until it becomes solid. Then | the pattern is removed and a perfect impression of it is found left in the loam. Seyeral tons of | brass are then placed in an immense cupola in | layers, there being between each layer of brass + of hard coal and some wood on the bot- | tom to ignite the coal. The wood is ignited, and by means of a revolving fanthe coal is made | to burn vigorously, and in an_ hour’ e the | biass commences to melt. Being heavier than | the coal, to ti bottom of the cupola | through an opening in the bot- | thus separated from the coal and | cinders which accunmulate on the top. THE LADLE. The metal is drawn off into a lurge ladle, which is kept heated by burning charcoal. When the metal is all drawn off the large ladle con- tains seyeral tous of moulten brass, and the | workmen are ready to “pour.” The pouring, is generally done in the afternoon, is the st interesting and particular t of the ope on. When this part of the Kk is beia: prmed th are often a large numb ‘ors present. ‘The large ladie, wi tains the molten br is hoisted by im crane, and hangs suspended in mid air, directly oyer the pit which contains the mould. Every man is at st, and has to work with the un- erring reguiarity of a machine. for the variation would spoil the job, and mo: cause a serious accident. The metal poured through an opening (whic! that purpose) in the mould until it THE GASES. Several pieces of gas-pipe are stnek in differ- ent parts of the mould to give vent to the gases, and after all the metal is poured a large jet of flame, fed by the gas from the mould, burns fer ten or fifteen minutes. Then nothin more is done until the following day, wh the sand is | shoveled off tg propeller, and it is hoisted out of the mould by m1 of the somewhat sme fora ship that is being her yard, it is hanled dow rd of the Tallapo: nation. likely slow! for Sag WEE ING FUR SEALS, How an Exp: Article nine Appure! is Obtained. | The method followed by the natives of St. | Panl’s and St. George's islands, off the A coast, in capturing the fur seals, is curie During the summer season the seals frequent the shores of these islands and gather on the beach in vast numbers. The younger male or | bull seals are the only ones that are Kilk they are found assemoled by themsely. froin the breedinz rook The nat! down to the beach inthe early inor quietly surround @ groap of 100 or more getting between them and the water. The seals are then alarmed with shouts tertified, flee Inland along the en. 1 op LAU cries of their captors. seals that may be in the drege are apt to show fight, but if they do they are allowed to drop out of the crowd, their skips are worth ‘The young ones are as easy to drive as a flock of Sheep. The seals, when nally driven up on the flats | between the east landing and the village, and | almost under the wind: herded there until cool and rested. The drives are usually made very early in the morning, at the first breaking of day, which is 1:30 to to 2 o'clock of June and July in these latitudes. They arrive and ovol off on the slaughtering grounds, so that, by 6 or 7 o'clock, after break- fast, the able-bodied male population turn out from the village and go down to engage in the work of slaughter. The men are dressed in their ordinary working garb of thick flannel shirts, stout cassimere or canyas pants, over which the “tarbossa” boots are drawn; if it rains, they wear their “karmlaikas” made of the intestines and throats of the sea lion and fur seal, Thus dressed they are armed with a club, a stout oaken or hickory bludgeon, which have en made particularly for the purpose at New Fondon, Conn., and imported here for this special service. These sealing clubs are about five or six feet in length, three inches in diam- eter at their heads, and the thickness of a man’s forearm where they are grag] by the hands. Each native has his stabbing knife, his skinning knife and his whetsone; these are laid upon the grass convenient, when the work of braining or or knocking the seals down is in progress. This is all the apparatus which they have for killing and skinning. When the men gather for work they are under ; the control of their chosen foremen or chiefs; usually on St. Paul, divided into two working parties at the villaze,and a sub-party at northeast ; point, where another salt house and slaughter- ing fleid is established. At the signal of the chiet the work of the day begins by the men stepping into the drove corraled on the flats, and driving out from it 100to 150 seals at a time, make what they call a pod, which they surround in a circle, huddling the seals one on another a8 they narrow it down, until they are directlyf within reach of their clubs. ‘Then the chiee after he has cast his experienced eye over ths struggling writhing kauticle in the center, passed the word that such and such a seal is bitten, and that such and such a seal is too young, and that such and such a seal is too old. The attention of his men being called to these points, he gives the word strike, and instantly the heavy clubs come down all around, and every one that is el- igible is stretched out stunned and-motionless in less time, really, than I take to tell it. Those seals spared by the chief, now struggle from un- der and over the bodies of their insensible com- get and pass hustled off by the natives back sea. Then the carcasses are skinned, and the pelts prepared for shipment. The common or popular notion in regard to sealskina is that they are worn by those animals just as they appear when offered for sale; that the fur seals swim about, exposing the soft coat, with which our ladies of lon so delight to cover their tender forms during inclement winter. This is a very great mistake; few skins are legs attractive than the sealskin when it is taken from the creat The tur is not visible; it is concealed entire) by @ coat of stiff over- hair, dull, gray, brown three of them to make.@ lady's sacque and boa. Fitting them for the market ts a tedious, costly process, requiring wanes the seals { y of Eomi-; | and was wallowing in the trough of th | them the violence of the storm was still | vessel hove in sight, saw the signal of distress, | ship had cone down, and her passengers were left in the water clinging by | lay hands on, offices of knightly courtesy were | | passed among them. As one of the last boat was about to leave the ship hercommander gave | his watch to a passenger, with a request that it mizit be delivered to his wite. He wished to | charge him with a message for her also, but his utterance was choked. **Tell her——" " Vnable | to proceed he bent down his head and buried | his face in his hands for a moment, as if in | | prayer, for he was a devout man and true Chris- | tian, ‘In that moment, brief as it was, he en- dured the greytest agony. But it was over now. | His crowding thoughts no doabt had been of | | friends and home; its desolation, a beloved wife | and lovely daughter dependent’ alone for sup- | port upon him. God and his country would care | for them now. Honor and duty required him to stick to his ship, and he saw that she must go down. Calm and collected, he rose up from that short but mighty struggle with renewed vigor, and | went with encouraging looks about the duties of the ship as before. He ondered the hurricane decks to be cut away and rafts tobe made. The life preservers were also brought up and dis- tributed to all who would wear them. Night was wetting in, and he directed Frazer, the sec- ond officer, to take the arm chest and send up @ rocket every haif hour. Van Renssalear, tis first officer, was also by him. Herndon kas spoken of him to me in terms of esteem and a/miration, and Van Rens- salear proved himself worthy to the last of such | commendations. Side by side these two stood at their post, and perished together with their harness on. After the boat which bore Mr. Payne,to whom } Herndon entrusted his watch, had shoved off, the captain went to his stateroom and put on his uniform. ‘The gold band around his cap ing. ‘Tue breeze was from the tradewind quar- | was concealed by the oll silk covering wile he a he : out he took his stand on the wheel-house, bold- RE ans Tales ree eeeaaee matt { ing on to the iron railing with his left hand. hulle ee. A rocket was set off; the ship pfetehed er, ast pto this time the ship behaved admirab.y. | (U2. and as she went down be unoovere ilps. onae haa geoured Fe rthy of note. or in any | The waves had closed about him, and the cur- | calculated t of her prow- | tain of the night was drawn over one of the | 1th when it was | 1 line wiGesl shectan fee ee The sea | Most Sublime moral spectacles that the sea ever ing high; the ship was very much keel- edeyer on the starboard side, and laboring ‘The leak was so larze that by 1 p.m. enough to extinguish i stop the engi formed of this wreck and disaster, and of how nobly Herndon stood to his post and gloriously perished: how the women and children were ail saved; and how he did all that man could do or officer should to save his ship and crew als But the particulars. have been given to the d ment only ina perishable form of news- paper records. : Asa tribute to his memory, as material for history. as an heirloom of the’ navy, and a lez- acy to his country, I desire to place on record in the department’ this simple writing and me- morial of him. We were intimates; I have | known him from boyhood; he was my kinsman. | The ties of con inity, as well as our pr avocations, brought us frequently and much together; we were close friends. Under c circumstance our leave to file a Taim t ors from the wreck-have made either publicly, thro the prints of the day, or privately to his f nds. These incidents, in the sile: of the lessons they teach, consi Inheritance of rave value to his country they are the heirloom of which I spoke, and will, T am persuaded, be productive of much 00d to the service. The Central America, Joss, was bound from Havana, to New York. She had on board, ‘as nearly as n_ascertained, about two and four hundred:and_sevent 7th of September tast, and put to sea again at 9 o'clock on the morning of the The ship was, apparently, in good order; the time seemed propitious; and all hands were in fine jealth and spirits. for the prospects of a afe and speedy passaze home were very cheer= had sprur before the steamer went down a row s heard approaching. Hernden hailed It was the boatswain’s boat, rowed by rd hands and a gentle heart,” returning on | beard from the brig to report her disabled con- dition. If she came alongside she would be en- e] with the sinking ship. Herndon ordered to keep off. She did so. and was saved. iis, so far as I haye been able to learn, was his Se last order. Forgetful of self, mindful of others, ps and bailing anes, | his life was beautiful to the last; and in his sand barrels, the water | death he has added a new glory to the annals of ched the furnaces | fratt | Forty-nine of the passengers and crew were her. ‘xtingnished the tire This was Fric hip was now at the merey of the waves, | the next ‘morning by the Norwegian barque Elien, Captain Johnson, and brought safely into Nortolk on the 9th’ day after the wreck. The English brig Mary picked up three others | | who had drifted a bout 430 miles with the gulf stream. Total saved, 152. The Central America sunk about 8 p.m. of | | September 12, 1857, near the outer edie of the | gulf stream, and the parallel of 31 degrees 45 minutes north. It does not appear certain that her comman- thinking te hoist the yard up only a | der Was Seen oF heard, after she went down, by the enna the aa etd gat her off; but | Childs, one of the passengers? thinks lie con- Ks the sail'was taken right ont of the | Yersed with him in the water after midnight on bolt ropes, so great was the force of the wind | Saturdab, only a little while before he, himself and such the fury of the gale. The foremast | N88 Diesed up. But Herndon was small catego’ Was then cut away, the foreyard was ‘converted | 05 ineans in robust healthy Hi aieaty ane and got overboard: bits of ca stapraiibaetiet wragelry y, ail tn the ving aft. hoping by | {Ting from the incessant labor and exposure of its, a8 a last resort, to bun the | the last two days and that long Friday night. 1 to wind, but all to mb parpo! “s His fatigue must have been great, and when the aencinicarCree sana panes : waves closed over his ship he was, in all prob- maufully, pumping and bailing all Frid eevee ate eee eee noon and night; and when day da TES post of Ing men fol ! Everything that could be done by the best | sea captain to save his ship was done to save | likea log. She was a not a little top-l hing to manage pencer le-wheel steamer, per, and therefore an ugly in such a situation. The been blown away. and the ent down during the nig At- get the ship before the stout enougi: to wit s a orm. After the head- sails iad been blown away the captain ordered the clews cf the foresail to be lashed down to tempts. y but no canv: the r: x of the creas- ing. All that energy, professional skill, and seamanship could do to weather the storm and save the ship had been done. The tempest was still raging; resources were exhausted; the working parties were fagzed out, and the captain foresaw that his ship must go down. Still there was some ‘chance for hope; he might save life, even if he lost the ship, mails and treasure. ‘He was in a frequented part of the ocean, and a passing vessel mizht come to the rescne of crew and passengers, if they could but manage to keep the ship afloat until the gale abated. He encouraged them with this hope, and asked for a rally. They responded with cheers. The lady passengers also offered to help, and the men went to work with a will, whipping up water by the barrelful, to the steady measure of the sailor's working song. The flag was hoisted “Union down” that every vessel as she hove in sight might know that they were In distress and wanted help. Under this rally of crew and passengers they gained on the water for a little while, but they were worfi out with the toil of the last nizht and day; they had not the strength to keep it under. Finally, about noon of Saturday, the 12th, the gale began to abate and the sky to brichten. A ing minds were on béard. There were no lack of skill or of courage. Order and discipline | were preserved to the last; and she went down | under conduct that fills the heart with senti- ments of unutterable admiration. Herndon was in the 44th year of hisage. He was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, on the 25th day of October, 1513. He was the son of the late Dabney Herndon ot that place, and was the fifth of seven children; five sons and two daughters, of whom Mrs. Maury is the elder. He was named after Capt. William Lewis, of the navy, who was lost at sea on board the United States brig Epervier. Lewis Herndon was left early an orphan, and entered the navy at the age of fifteen. Affectionate in disposition, soft and gentile in his manner, he was beloved of his own; he also won the love and esteem of his associates wherever he went.and he became a favorite throughout the service. None knew him better, or loved him more Respectfally, your obedient servant, M. F. Mavry. Lieut. U. 8. Navy. How. Isaac Tovery, Secretary of the Navy, Wa shington. ran down to the steamer, was hailed, answered, and was asked for help. She could give none, and kept on her course. At about 2 p.m. the brig Marine, Captain L U U MM MM BBB .FEE RRR Burt, of Boston, bound from the West Tadies to _b § 5 SNS fet Fe Eat New York, heard minute guns and saw the U_U MMM BBE kg steamer’s signals of distress. She ran down to Eu uv MMM BBB KKE BR & the sinking ship, and, though very much crip- pled herself by the gale. promised to lay by. She . passed under the steamer’s stern, spoke. round- ed to, and xe her word. The steamer's boats were orde! to be lowered; the Marine had none that could live in such a sea. Now came another trying time. The boat scenes of. the steamer Arctic had made a deep impression upon Herndon’s mind; they now crowded into remembrance. Who of this crew should be lected to man his boats? Would they desert him when they got off from the ship? There were some who he knew would not. It was not an occasion when the word might, be passed for volunteers; for it was the post of safety, not of enees, but nevertheless of great trust, that was to be filled. The captain wanted trusty men, that he knew well from long asso- ciation, and the crew of such vessels is not very permanent as to its felt at a loss, for there was still a man wanted for dest eee) Petes cient perceiving the captain's ma, up and modestly offered to go. Hehad not, it may be supposed, been long in the for Herndon le did not know him well, and rey in his mild and gentle way, “I wonder if I can you?” The sailor instincti WILLET & LIBBEY CONSTANTLY ON HAND A FULL ASSORT- MENT OF ALL KINDS AND QUALITIES OF LUM- BEB, WHICH THEY ARE SELLING LOW FOR “CASH.” IF YOU ARE PREPARED TO BUY, OR CONTEM- PLATE BUILDING OR REPAIRING, BRING YOUR LIST WITH YOU AND THEY WILL GUARANTEE TO GIVE YOU A BID LOWEK THAN YOU CAN GET ELSEWHERE. YOU CAN ALWAYS BE SURE OF SECUBING A BARGAIN BY CALLING ON THEM. WE NAME A FEW ARTICLES TO SHOW WHAT THEY ARE DOING: PALINGS, 1x34 FEET LONG, PER RUNDBED, $1.25 FENCE RAILS, 2x3—16, DRESSED 4 SIDES. 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