Evening Star Newspaper, April 30, 1881, Page 7

FASHION WRINKLES. ‘Darx GRERNS are evidently very popular. Dagaees and sults continue to be tight ft- ting. . A Gay ilttie novelty tn round hats Is the Oll- vette. TuE New G with rare 3 Tue NewzsT nun’s veiling has its edge ‘Wrought in open- work designs. ‘THERs is more satin manufactured at present than any other goods made of silk. ‘Tue New Pusrve is not heliotrope but Iris, and is taken from the r-de-lys. CaRMaLITS, or 014 silver, is @ favorite color | HAMS are colored and plalded With English girls for spring dresse3. | A Sunswaps adorned with the romantic name | of Robinson has fifteen ribs and 1s embroidered | with flowers. | ‘Tux Sxrars of all short dresses, though very | Darrow, are much more elaborately trimmed thar last season. ‘Tux handles of some of the new sunshades are very elegant and entitled to be classed among works of art. E1cut Bia Rosks are worn ag a belt bunch by xen, York girls. Datstes and Capucine roses ara mbined for breast knots. A PEILADELPHIa SHOPKEEPRE remarks in his Advertisement that some persons know nothing of beauty or of propriety. and buy like Modocs, SHTRRING Is tne capital feature of all dresses At present. Dressmakers seem to have shirring on the brain. To plaitis human, but to shirr divine. A “CONCATENATION of detached wing: of Birds” is the patern of a new style of surah, according to an advertisement published tn Snotner city CHENILLE EMBROIDERY 13 recomm7nd:d a Possessing the great advantage of being very gasily and « iickly worked, while producing a banasome efi vet. a 2 — ‘THE Katz Greenaway Is the name of a new juvenile bat which bas a brim of fine kilt Plalting bordered with cream lac and is very soft and becoming. nc harrow pokes projecting very far worn by little girls, give demure children an cid-fashioned look which is both comical and winning. SomB manufacturers are trying to mtroduce Sunshades with two flowers lastead of the tas- sels on the handles, but they wiil try in vain, We venture to predict. TEE GRADUaL Disar?BaRance of k It platting from fashionable gowns is a thing for which women should be thankful, but they sezm de- ‘termined to use it as long as they can. THE button of 1531 is im no way extravagan either in size or shape. It ts of modest pro Portions and a simple circle, the ovals, squares | and hexagons having been quite di: ed. THE Loxpon Worn, speaking of Mo’ bard cloaks, says that !t prefers the tight- Mtting costumes of last season, to the style of draping tue figure so as to make it tke a barrel. | Tag perfection attained by American manu- | facturers of satin is especially noticeable in the Soods exhibited this season. The sattns equal im luster those imported, and belng all stk are soft and pliable, aud therefore do uot crush nor yumple easily. ONE Of the things over-decorated nowadays Says Harper's Bazar, isthe tidy, which, made ostensibiy to protect lounges and chatra, fs so elaborately done that, if time and eyesight be | Worth anything, it is far costlier than the upholstery it 1s meant to cover. THB new black grenadines are of the most | modest armure patterns, or else with square meshes, or perhaps the smooth-faced sewing- | sk gienadines, but are made up over r. 2 or green satin, or perhaps black, and are with Spanish lace, and with the gaye aun surab. Ir 18 DirFiccer to account for the present rage ‘with ladies for the detatls of military costumes. First came passementerte epaulettes and tagg, zoHowed by velvet collars and cuffs embroidered ‘with gold. Tis year the officer’s collar Is in- dispensable. {trust match the remainder of the toilet and be worked with jet, steel, gold or ‘Sliver beads. THE Old autograph album has become ons0- dete, and in Its place has been introduced a new social instrument of torture,—an autograph fan. It-is of plain white parchment, hand- somely mounted, and on it, says a French paper, “the ladies ask celebrities and nonentities to write their names and a few applicable lines.” SIMPLE and pretty combination dresses fo young ladies to wear in the spring have pleated Skirts Of the inexpensive Louisine stlks that cost 9) cents or $1 a yard, with the basque and Overskirt of cashmere, ‘The new refined dahlia shades of purplish-red, the cinnamon colors— both brown and red—and the various olive greens, are chosen for these sults. SrRirgp WargRzD SILK 1s a novelty for lower Skirts. This is not the satin-striped moir: lately in use, but is watered all over, with the colors making the stripes, yet not defining the les of the watered pattern. This comes in ombré staipes of one color, and in contras:s as well; of the latter, one of the prettiest has dark red, Olive and cream stripes, and is mate up ‘With golden brown cashmere for the over-dres3 A NEw Porvcak Fasaic 1s French gingham and it is being made into elaborate summer Tollets. It ts fine, soft and delicately colored Blue is the prevailing hue, but it is combined witir others, and usually the border of some- thing brighter. Some have ecru grounds with ‘There are also stripes and plaids, and they can be kilted with good effect by turning the kilt to show one stripe or the other in the alternate tlounces. Additional variety is given in the cheap laces and wide cotton trimmings which are so generally used with them These ginghams are almost a yard wide, and sell for thirty to forty cents. Coarser qualities come Jower yet, and are good enough for children’s AT Tag larve furnishing stores are shown new white muslins with the designs like embrotdery woven in to represent dots amid hem-stitching, Greek squares, and stripes. These will b2 muci used for graduating dresses, and also for bride- maids’ tollettes at summer weddings. They are being made up very simply as far as the waist 1s concerned, with a beit to which the full surplice Walst is gathered. The skirts, however, are elaborate beyond description, with pyramidal rows of embroidered flounceson the left side, or else across the front and sides, with wrinkied aprons above that are scarcely more than The back ts bouffant, ana the skirt may be short or demi-trained, but not with full train of great length. The sleeves reach to the elbow, where they have cuffs turned back made of the embroidery. Hanpdeome Stirs for the summer are being made of black velvet grenadine over under- Skirts of Diack Surah. The tmported costumes shown in the tontest establishments this week tm New York are daring in combinations and intricate in designs. A striking thing tsa light olive satin, with a tile pattern brocade of ofive and white hues, in which the two materials are combined tn a deep kilted flounce. Another is wine colored satin Surah, mingled with pink and wine colored brocade. An embroidered rece has drapipgs of red foulard, whose sur- is strewn with red apples. A’ Dlacit satin has drapery of net embroidered with stecl, and is flecked with steel tassels among the drape- ries. A gray satin with browa velvet ts trim- med With Irish point lace over the velvet, whtle the lace over a shirred front is gathered in three festoons by cutstee! clasps. Ciaka Exi1e writes from New York to the Cincinnati! Exquirer: “A display of actresses tresses was afforded yesterday at the matinee which Bernhardt gave to the stage and press professions only. The traditional ioud actress was Lumerously there, but she was overwhelm- ingly outnumbered by those who were ladies in dress and behavior. Of course, there was plenty of beauty amd fine clothes.” The most conspicuous toliet was an old gold satin, with = tablier of brown velvet wrought with beads, and a deep fall of tridescent bead trimming and It was not suitabie for such an occa- Sion. Short sults prevailed, and. as a rule, Were gered in front, 43 usual; but the breadths Suran silk was plentiful Fine Dlack cashmere suits were numerous, too, some of them trimmed with rich appliques and broad menterie The Mother Hub- bara Seemed to be the favorite among the actresses, and Were of a variety 1 saw one dress made in the Mother fuobard style, gauged over the shoulder after the inane ner Of the wrap. The sleeves were puffed, and Sgoeeh of sat Was suspended from tas lett ————_—_______ Dancing in a Cathedral. Among Se ae ae, as also the Pa- wans. dancing constituted @ part of tho religious ceremonies; azd did not D. before the Ark, and “the daughters sot suse come out to dence in dances?” The Practice of Ss in churches was looked on acs sof them a3 a cullar to Se- ville. The principal actors are boys, who are | ge im the open space in front of the altar, ve standing on each side opposite to each other. They @ slow movement, — and keeping time ro singin; with their castancis ving of the custom, tried the author- | vious appointment towards tl | organization, THE LAST TRIAL OF RUSSIAN NIHILISTS, {The International Review, ] IL. Lipetsk 1s a small and rather Insignificant town midway between Moscow and Kharkoff, in the government of Tamboff. It glories in some springs of very mild mineral waters,whtch in the short midsummer season, with the or- thodox accompaniment of noisy bands of music and noisier casino, attract considerable crowds of doubtful refinement, representatives of the second-hand world 6f fashion, when the eee ares up for a few weeks into a sort of ectic, fictitious life. It was here that Kviat- kKoveky, Goldenberg, and thelr friends, after } the failure of the 14th (2d) of se fae met by pre- e end of June, openly, im the public gardens, mladfal of tae fact that privacy ts Dowhere more undisturbed than in a throng, and that it is safest to talk Secrets with doors wide open. These desultory m and preliminary conferences went on | for some days, until all the leailers, convoked from different of the empire, were assem- bled. Then, when the serious business nad to be attecked,it was deemed advisable to adjourn to more secluded spots, and the party used to saunter Siugly, or iu small groups, intoa neigh- boring wood, or to row themselves acros3 the river, and hold their seance in an open meadow. The polnts to be discussed and resolved upon were ali-important; they were the expedie: of renewed attempts agatnst the Czar’s life at no distant perloa, and the urgency of giving the party “a stronger, more compact organiza— on.” Goldenberg aye “The first of the-e pints was readily disposed of Land teyerad others svoke in favor of a prompt exe eution of the intended revicide, fu order quick'y 10 convince the vovernmeut that bash wweasur-s would not put a stop to the movement directe1 against it, and tbat therefore it wonld hav ty mike concessions * * * I moreover moved tho auaas- sination of the kovernors: general of Oderss, Kisif and Bt. Petersburg, though, cf course, ouly in the cage that it should not interfere with the r-sicide, which was to be cur first aud principal objact."" it is especiaily enpreeave and patntally sig- nificant to fond thee sanguinary measures countenanced by a young man, Goldenbarg’s Particular friend, whom he expressly mentions &3 “one of the gentlest and most humane of men. held in profound esteem by the entire revolutionary party, although he belonged to one special faction of tt. I should remark,” he adds, “that he was not very favorably inclined tothe terrorizing system, and had but lately Joined it, moved solely by a revengeful and embittered fe cling against the government in consequence of a long series of cruel persecu- tons, which had impressed him the more deapiy that some of those who had suffered death had been bis assoctates and friends. * Little contradiction, then, was encountered by the resolution decreeing a further continu- ance of the “terrorizing system.” Tie difilcul- es of the organization question was much greater. It was, indeed, a complicated ques- Uon, at least practically; for in theory ali had jong felt the absolute ‘necessity of greater unity, of more concerted action. The different factions of the socialistic or revolutionary party, distinguished by various shadings of Oe not merely as to the means to ba em- oyed, but frequently as to the ultimate ob- jects to be pursued, preserved towards each other an indiiferent, sometime; almost hostile, attitude, and carried on a separats propaganda by means Of their several secret organs printed and disseminated by different centers, which disclaimed all connection with each other. It was to conciliate these dissenstons, to merge ail the various fragmentary cliques into ou Vast Co-operative organization, taat so many icaders met at Lipetsk. It was an almost hope- legs task, and though they did achieve a certain result, and even produced a sort of statute,— which, however, was never printed,—it was, on the whole, a very imperfect and makeshift performance. There was to be a “directiag committee,” which, from the nature of tha | dutiesit assumed, might be called a superior agent; while the “executive committee” cleariy olight to have taken an inferlor postiloa. On thls Goldenberg, with a characi eri stie directness which at once discloses the fvebleneas of tae arKS rally objectel to subordina- the executive committes was 0 under the control of the directing committee. ‘The latter was bound to kuow all that was going on tn the terroristic faction, and indeed, in the eutire zovolusiousry party :in its hands were centered al! the res;urces of the party. and it was toprovide the necessary means for whatever u4- dertaking wes in haad. ‘The ‘executive’ was to consist of persons whose duty it was to take aa ac- tive part im such undertakiage, of curse with the Fnowledge of the direc ing cymmittes. It dea not follow, however, that the initiative of a givea ua- dertaking belonged exclusively to the ittee: tar from it. The exec the right of making mo! tothe higher committe. ‘There was no such thing as a strict line of demarcation between the two, a3 can be seen from the fact that a member of the di- recting committee could not issus binding dispoai- tions without the sanction of the executive, nor take on himself executive ac's. It was, moreover, Teeolved to have axents of two decrees; th: the first degree to bs invested witn groiter trust, those of the second with lesser. The duty of thess rents Was to fulfill whatever wasimposed oa the.u. ‘She cirecting commitice was’ to roids In St. Bs tersburg; the members of the executive wherever their presence and services would bs needed.” One of the prisoners completed this account at the trial by remarking that “the distinction between the members of the organization and its agents was real and Important. It was re- solved that persons who were as yei little known, Dut whom it could be hoped to flad useful and reliable tn the sequel, shouid be at- tracted by every possibile means, and ‘ried oc casionally Mm small things, with great care to find oui, above ail, whether they aj- proved of the general programme of the party, and were fit to be trusted with the execution of Taore important missions.” This is, tudeed, ihe very infancy of c)-ope- ration; and if so many desp-rat2 dee is were achieved, or at least attempted, tt 1s to be at- tributed not so much to the efficieacy of tha association, lasking as it was in blind disctpline, {ust main nerve of every sacret society, as to the powerful individuality of some of its men- Lael Ager severally or in groups. Golden- berg’s rather natvely worded statement, “our people generally objected to subordination,” Sets forth in homely fashion a lesson taugat by the whole history of Russia; namely, that ‘our peopie,” though abie at any moment to muster A superb array of personal capacities, intel- lectual and moral, have always bzen, through lack of training or some more deep-lying nata- ral bias, stn; rly ig Seed prolonged com- bined action. We are Protestants, every one of us; and however we may yleld up our will to exterral guidance, there always remains an indestructable nucleus of reasoning s¢i/, which rebels and shrinks from going ail lengin3 merely because we are told to do so, even in a cherished cause, and under approved teadership, This quality, like every othér, has its good and evil sides. It has at times disastrously asserted itself In our history,—as when enforced by pett: rivalries and mutual jealoustes, it retarded by more than one score of years the final libera- Uon of cur land from the Tartar yoke, which might Lave been thrown off earlier by the united action of cur several princes. Yet, on the other hand, when calied into play by honest Motives, it contains, perhaps, a safeguard against that passive subjection to mere au- thority which maxe3 men follow a waving ban- ner when it has ceased to be anything but a Tag of silk or bunting, and stake their lives and souls on a watchword after It has long ben only the empty shell of an idea, However that may be, this key-note makes itself distinctly heard through the uproar of our late troubles, It rings out very clearly in Solovioff’s declara- ton that, should bis associate unanimously disapprove of his project, he will separate him- self from them, and pursue it at hi 4 andon his own responsibility before the law and before his conscience. We may ba very sure that the knot of underground workers on the outskirts of Moscow would not have ben deterred from their undertaking by the mo3t Positive pronibition from their party's highest authorittes; they would simply have seced: and gone on doing what they considered right and necessary, One item of the unwritten statute seems to have been most consistently carried out,—that of secrecy. The means employed wera twofold: first, the lavish use of false papers, most of the agents being provided with several names and passports to Inatch; second, the strict obgarv- allce of the rule to keep every agent ag much a8 possible in the dark concerning everythin: but the particular “job” imposed on him, and, a8 far as feasible, in ignorance even of his fel: low-conspirators, who were to be introduced to him as occasion Lp a8 and as the more knowing agents saw fit. No agent was, on any account, to discover himself even to his nearest 2nd dearest without the authorization of a su- perlor agent. This system must have produced & most intricate social status, and made daliy Ute a network of :mbroglios to which old Span- ish comedy was simple and arent, Waoat curious state of mind to live in, when a man Was liable at any moment to se2 some inoffen- — light hearted sister, or cousin, aot ; nize as formaiy iotro- sive comrade,. or young lady Lot area oe ota Rico sir revolution: e stranger to whom he wi: dearest agitators. Goldenbe in ona pi graphically described. fa his ‘unadorned avers these mate! id. unpowder experiments, The meeting of which he 81 been arra at the of a school-master, and was at- tended by some twenty 8, young men and young women. den berg :— “I spoke about the pi rt of the terroristic it; alluded 1, Of course only the- 7, without even that such an act Iy to feel ay erounae ind ous the vies cates People on this,tovic. T toom Gare nut Produced on the yo! I came to theconcia- tion thas they did. "not fully comprehen me, and ae nee pane 1 was talking of Sprgzather aovel ma} y audience; a same time Lcould see that I had aroused tn them the wish to Siuciuase all these questions. The second meeting took place at the house of a student; it was attend- 0 by forty persons, —the former twenty and twan- fy More, whose nameg I, cann st remember at this flstanes of time. + = + The reguitof those meet ngs was thet our young people 6 «reat liking tothem, and hexan to manifest sn atmost passionate desireto have them frequently re- peated, That so Fg teeta and far-reaching a weapon should not be negiected by the leaders of the party when they discussed the practica! ques- Uons of ways and means, was but natural. Accordingly we find it decreed that, “apart from political murders and regicide, a vast plan of ek shall be ogee Szene me young people’ the army an intry. well Kalows, however, that in the two latar classes, from organically historical causes which it would take a separate paper to inves- tigate, revolutionary agitation has always sig- nally failed, to the confusion and not unfre- cuore the personal danger of the agents em- ploye Such were the principal acts and resolutions Of the famous soc'a'istic convention held at Lipetsk in June, 1879, the immediate sequel to which were the threefold railway mining at- tempt and the crowning scene of which we still have to record. But tn describing the horrors of the 17th (5th) of February, 1880, and all that followed it, we are deprived of our invaluable guide, Goldenberg’s deposition. Tae daring revoiutioris.’s carcer came to a close with those last busy days which he speat witn is miping friends near Moscow. He was sent. off by them to Odessa for the dynemite for- warded to that city several weeks before, and now rendered uselrs3 by the Emperoi’s change of Toute and consequent cessation of the mining operations on the track. as it was thought, the reinforcement might be avallable for th Mos- cow mine, and Insure more compie‘e success In Odessa, Goldenberg had interviews with several associates, received the dynimite, and having packed it 1n his trank, togethe: wit sundry bottles of wine and cansof preserves, — @ very welcome offering from the ladies of the party to their Moscow {riends—he was cilmly proceeding on his way to the latter when ha ar- Tested at Telizavetgrad, a rallway station haif- way between Odessa and Poltava. This ter ned five days before the explosion on the loscow track. Yet, even though deprived of the valuable information concerning the preparagions for the final coup of the 17th (5th) Februa®@, watch & continuation of Goldenberg’s narrative would doubtless have afforded us, we still find in the examinations of the prisoners and witnesses,a3 well as in the speech of the counsel for the Crown, sufficient scraps and traits from life to enable us to piece together a very vivid picture Of the dismay and confusion which must have arisen 1n the Winter Palace when that tremen- dous crash broke 1a upon the compliments with which the Emperor was welcoming Prince Alexander of Hesse, who was that evening to be his guest at a family dinner in the private apartments, Officials wildly rushing into the lower story, under the impression that either the steam boller or the gas had exploded; the alarm-bell of the corps-de-garde ringing franti- cally at the same time; the shrieks and groans of the dying and wounded, who struggled patn- fully from under the debris of the demolisued guard-room, or lay helplessly crushed beneath them (sixty-seven persons in all!); lastly the Sudden report that one of the thres carpenters in whose room the explosion was discovered to have taken place was mis3ing,—all this must have combined into a scene of uproar and terror not easfly matched outside of a b3- leaguered and bombarded city. The report about the missing carpenter, which was speed- ily confirmed, restored some degree of order and composure, by giving a definite object to the hitherto aimlezs search and random sur- mises of the panic-stricken inmates. It was soon evident that this man, and no other, had been the doer. He had been seen in the base- ment and in hisrooma q r of an hour be- fore the explosion; had then been found busy in the dark at something or other by one of his comrades, who on entering had offered to strike @ light, but had been roughly prevented by Lim; and from that moment the carpenter had entirely disappeared. Further inquiries showed that this person, who called himself Batyshkoff, had been employed in the palace over six months, and, while heapproved him3elf a well- behaved, thorough workman, had bean noticea by his Fogeee and superiors as a man of education, highly intelligent, and fully capabie ot ig & plan and making a correct draw- ing. About a month before the explosion he iad brought a heavy chest and placed it In his room, and, on being asked what he did it for, had jestingly answered that ho meant to hoar @ treasure from his earnings in the palace. Subsequent investigations and various discov- eries,—such as a Cleverly-sketched pian of the Winter Palace, on which were some words in his handwriting, his Identification by witnesses from @ photograph, etc ,—proved boyond a doubt that tae supposed Batyshkof! was no other than Khattourin, a notorious revolutton- ist, who, under the greatest variety of altases, and as far back as 1s75 and 1876 had beea ply- ing an active “agitation” among the working- classes, and organizing the secret association kuown under the name of “N logmen’s League.” He was ape thls circle of action, being hia: one of tue working-class and by birth a peisint, wao, by self-education and a course of studies technical school, had qualitied himse! part of a leader. He was never found atter hts di-appearance from the paiace, and ons cannot!’ help wishing he may have effected a tinal es Cape, when one knows that he was fa the grive of a foe es implacable as human justice,—con- sumption, which in our cilmes ‘seid on gives jong respites to its victims, He had b2en talk- ing of golog south, and seems also to have had a Vague intention of making his way to America to found or join some agricuitural colony oa soctalistic principles, Tt was. of course, not for ons moment posed that this attempt, planned a3 it was on so Fen’ ascale, with such far-reaching fore- Sight, executed with such unexampled jaring and infallible preciston, should have been the isolated deed of one fanatical schemer. Its connection with the vast terrorisile syste: Suspected from the first, was soon establish: by the concatenation in which it was proved to Stand with certain other facts, revealed a short tme before, but not yet fully explained,—tacts which, by the light now shed on thom, stood forth in their full significance, too obvious to need more than recording, in order to bring the last crime home to the central influence, trom which so many others had emanated. It 3 now that the name of Kviatkovsky first becomes con- cuous. Until the very moment of his arrest, this remarkable man, one of the ‘“master- spirits” and motive powers of the whole engine, had contrived to escape a notoriety which mus! ave deprived the party of one of its most. gifted leaders, and had worked steadily and covertly in the dark, participating, indeed, in all the more important machinations, puttlag in an appearance at Lipetsk, but reserving to himself more especially the nandiing of that chief lever of all, the secret press, whose discovery and Suppression quickly followed his arrest and the search instituted in his Todgtogs a3 early as the 6th of December (24th of November), 1379. Some articles produced by this search’ were deemed, not unreasonably, to be conclusive. evidence of his complicity th his party’s crown- ing act of frenzy. Yet Kviatkovaky himselt, from reasons difficult to fathom, saw fit utterly to deny to the last having been concerned in this easucniae “act, or having had previous knowledge of it, evem while protesting that he had no hopes that such a dental could save'his life, which he admitted to be forfeited on many other grounds, each of them sufficfent to seal bisdoom. It is hardly to be supposed that so Clear-headed aman should have expected nis word to prevail against such circumstantial evidence as the following articles found in his own room: (i) @ plan, very correstly drawa from memory, ef the Winter Palace, with soma words and short notes proved to be in Khal- tourin’s writing, and rset aot up on the floor in a corner, amid a heap of Waste-paper; (2) three portable mines, complete and reidy for use; aud (3) a passpor. under the name of Batourin, one of Khal‘ourin’s well known. allases. Yet he persisted in his most tu-redl- ble statement that he kaew nothing of the sup- pe until it was found in hts room, and that had hot the remotest suspicion by whom It could have been brought or left there; that the passport had been given him to Keep by a riend, who himeeif had it from an unknown workin 1D, and that he had never been tola Bimply decuned tcling who baa Bont ge mp) iing who rougat them to his rooms. But this search, exhaustively carried on all through the evening and night (trom 6 p.m. to 5 a.m.), led to more importaut results, as hinted above. It embraced not only his own room: but that of E1 le Figner,—a young lady ot lity and education, Kvilat- fellow-worker, and to whom he seems to have been attached’ by more than the bond of a common cause. She was one of the sixteen prisoners at the bar. Both of course lived under assumed names. Her ostensible Occupauion was music; to which, as a measure of precaution, she devoted enough time every day to enable her cook to depose at the trial that “the lady was mostly pl in the absence of the gentleman, who used to go out €arly in the morntug, and to come home- only to dinner and tea.” Tne same witness, however, added that both “the lady” and her sister, who at one time stayed with her, “used to write a great deal,”—a piece of information which, considering her connection with tho Manager of the secret press, was not inter- preted in her favor." But then, nothing muca more See could have been adduced against them both.than a simple enumeration of the articles found in their lodgings. In Eugenie Figner’s room, a glass vessel with dy- Damite; a bundle of white paper, the size and shapeof the “Nerodnaya Volla;” and six han- dred and fifty-three copies of odd numbers of Haat paper ttselt.+ In the -room, forty- five copies of a proclamation issued by the ex- , dhe steward of the house in which they lived declared at the trial that ‘‘the iaty played a great eal on the piano;" and therefore he never supposed that the persons visited soon, were suspicious ame alietio secret con- ts mane tory OF Pan: tae word Volia m antag bork ‘will and iberty” (by aa on of ideas Voter mat be mt pulslatier word iteo't ) poreasaue torpreted, equal propriety as or “Popular Liberty.” for the press; a brave Cossack army,” and sundry letters: lastly, & package of forged . Certificates, and other documents. Kviatkovsky, aware of the unanswerable nature of the evidence, did not attempt denial for his own part, but only used every effort to clear his friend by asserting that the criminating articles found in her bureau had been laid there by him shortly before the search, in her absence and without her knowl- edge. In his defence,—for he, in common with several of his companions, had refused the as- sistance of the counsel proffered him by the court,—he maintained this point as earnestly as his denial -oncerning his complicity in the catastrophe a -he Winter Palace. ‘The next important disclosures were mate at the lodgings of another active accomptice, Searched a few days later, on the 16th (4th) of December. From the nature of the articles found in his possession it was evident that this person—an inferior clerk in some government office—was chiefly employed, probably on ac- count of his skill in penmanship, in the manu- facture of those false documents with watch agents were so lavishly Ee, A complete set of the necessary mat and implemen‘s, together with a handsome collection of auto- graph signatures of bigh officials, were ds- covered in a large leuthern trunk,besides a num- ber of proof-sheets and papers similar to those contiscated in Kviatkovsky’s rooms, and ihe accompaniment of dynamite obligato. More- over, the Owner’s connection with the secret press was mado pate ‘by the presence of a quantity of type of a size corresponding to that. of the “‘Narodnaya Volia.”” But the final and most tragical “tug ot war” came to pass a few weeks later, on the 39th (i8th) of January, 1839, when the police de- scended In force, assisted by a party of gend armes, On the revolutionary printing ‘office iteelf, after having first, by long and patient spying and ferreting, ascertained bayond the possibility of a mistake that 1t was organized in a private lodging kept by one of those ficti- tous couples who form go conspicuous a fature of these strange times. The scene which en- Sued must have been chaotic; for it is a hope- Jess task to try anid elicit anything like a con- sistent, orderly narrative from the mass of frag- mentary, individual evidence given by the different actors. Their statements are not con- tradictory, only vague and confused; Ike those of men who have been enga: in action too exciting and too rapid to be-able to account for it minutely in cold blood, apres coup. So much is certain: the door was not opened in obedi- ence to repeated summons, and had to be broken open; the police, when they at length forced thelr way into the premises, were con- fronted by utter darkness, silence, and clicking revolvers; a violent blind scuffie ensued, in Which about sixty shots were exchanged, without serious results on account of darkness. At last there was a cry, “We surrender!” “iow many are you?” was asked. “Five!” answered @ female voice. Another was heard in angry remonstrance: ‘Cowards!” was it not agreed that we were all to fight tout? And now you skulk behind and leave us women In the front.” In Snotifer moment, and after. some struggling on the part-of the men, four ‘persons, two of them women, .were secured and bound, wile six revolvers were picked up from thé floor. One of the police Officers, advancing Into the other rooms to look for his fitth prisoner, was greeted on the threshold of the furthest ons by a double report; and when a lamp was at last brought in (it must be remembered that our Votes houses are not lit with gas), he sheld a ghastly sight: a man ee et upon & mattress on tie floor, shot thro the head— evidently an act of suicide, committed as a last resource against surrender. Botir balls,from two shots fired In immediate succession,had enterod the right temple through the same opening almost simultaneously, leaving a Diack and carbonized edge around the wound, but had issued from the skull, after traversing the brain, in two different places,—through an opening just above the left ear, and another in the crown of the head. When the prisoners had been disposed of, and the search could begin without further disturbance, the first thing- that was discovered, thrown nto a corner of the room where the dead man lay, and wrapped ingome old matting, was the identical sae which had been used for boring purposes in the Moscow railway mine. The rest of the booty made up a most formidable inventory: a print— ing press in perfect working order; about 25 pouds (1,000 pounds) of type, 4,000 copies of the TNarodnaya Volta,” heaps of forged docu- ments,—passport blanks, Certiticates of differ- ent kinds, etc..—together with everything ne- cessary for the fabrication of those documents, some dynamite of course, two pamphieis on the preparation of the substance, several plans illustrating the process of blowing up a rap- idly advancing train, and many other-things, besides the six revolvers and three daggers. This was certainly sufficient to justify the ac- cusatton 1n aftirming that ‘these lodgings con- tained, besides the secret printing office, the central agency for the manufacturing ot false papers and supplying therewith all persons for Whom It becatne necessary to assume an ‘illegal’ position, as well as a laboratory for the prepa- Tation of dynamite and other explosive aub- stances.” The separate charg? against the prisoner Presniakotl—given tn the Act of Accisition uncer the head of ‘:Armed resistanes to the agents of the law, as expressed by two shots ited by the prisoner, wouading one and caus, ing the death of the other of his captors” —pra- sents No particular interest or complication, and may therefore be dismissed with th? brief remark that the prizoner’s gullt was amp!y proved. It remains to record the seatence, pronounced iate in the evening of the seventh day of this long and laborious trial. For ivlatkovsky, Presniakoff and thre3 more, it ‘was death by hanging; for the remaining eleven, banishment to Siberia in different grades ot severity, with cr without imprisonment and hard labor, and for terms var: from fifteen to twenty years. At the same time the latter prisoners were recommended to mercy, and Considerable commutations proposed for all. Ia its final form, the sentence condemned only two to hard labor in the mines for fitteen years. Of the rest, some were sentenced to hard labor, not in the mines but in state factories, for four and eight years; some to banishment to more or Jess remote parts of Siberia; while Drizo and one other escay with a very mild sentence, simply obliging them to reside hereafter in the government of Tomsk, the most western, and consequently. moat civilized, region of Siberia. Degradation was passed alike againstall. In confirming the sentence of the court, the Em- ror further commuted the death penalty of ‘hree of tie five condemned prisoners to exile, with Imprisonment and hard labor for life. To Kviatkovsky and P, cof, however, the imperial mercy did not extend, and they sut- fered death on the 16th (4th)'of November, within the wall of the fortress. itis but fair to state that, as this long and fatiguing judicial’ py lure, the treatment towards the prisoners was uniformly considerate and polite, the mode of addressing and questioning them scrupulously courteous; also, that the counsel for the prosecution in their speeches not only evidently strove to re- main within the strict bounds of impartial justice, but repeatedly showed a leaning to- wards leniency. Thus, in referring to one of the female defenders of the printing office,—a woman of the peasant class who had lived there ostensibly as coo! expressed a hope not inconsistent with their duty to visit her with the lightest rome punishment, in con- sideration of her ignorance, almost even of reading and writing, and of her utter want of culture amounting to stupidity, and accom- panied by partial deafness. All this ig in kee; ing with the serlous and dignified spirit in which our lawyers, since the great judicial re- form, regard their profession. ‘That compound of unseemly virulence, ferocious vindictivenass, and bombastic phraseology which under the requisitotre, is the di of French criminal courts aud the glory of an aspiring procureur du roi.—or de Venpereur, oF d2 la republique, as the case may be.—is utterly repugnant to the deeply humane bent of the Russian nature. A Russian procureur would scorn to dig into the past life of an unfortunate prisoner, in order triumphantly to drag to light his most trivial cadilioes, nay! his schoolboy by dint of cruel ingenuity to force 5 Ever alnce the European judicial forms and institutions were traas- Planted into Russtan soll, and quickly took root init, our parquet has been remarkable in the discharge of its duties by a moderation and humane regard to fairness, which prove it to have thoroughly grasped the higher sense of its reg ble and so often paint Could not be otherwise in a country where the can be rendered by the Ex- When the chained gangs of male- factors—and alas! political convicts were not exempted from the practice—used to b3 lei across the whole omptre imprecations, but with gentle words and out- Stretched offerings of food and even money. Now that convict trains and convict cars run on all the lines, and have done away with this long preliminary torture,popular sympathy still asserts itself at the railway stations, and many & douceur in tol delicate wheaten bread,or small coins, is handed in at the windows, ‘Siberia! the mines! Horror-laden, these'words loom out mysteriously, an awful impersonation of the great bleak eternally snow-| its ore, its convict colo: is not a cheerful to contem- Plate, at least not this side of the picture. But Russia a great potential of; tebe S Tejoicingly its grow! ct Gplent Vlonization, its Sevelosing and commen ia) enter rise, he progress of cul- ture which sh’ surely Seo that the influx of the Russian element by means of convict transportatiow, It would take me far beyond my present limfts, and away from my Present theme, to discuss this very extensive and intricate subject. But if will not be in- consistent with either to attempt a sketeh of the probable future career of the hundreds of a men who of late years have trodden the long, dreary road to the far Hast. Let us follow those whose doom is heaviest. Few of them— probably none—will end their allotted term at the mines or state factories. An untimely death will doubtless end the sufferings of many, enfeebled from ill health brought on or . vated by confinement, hardships, or climate, before the tardy hand of mercy can reach them, Yet, wonderful to say, Many more survive the horrors of the first years than would seem pos- sible for men of gentle nurture and unhard- ened . If they are resigned and quietly behaved, they will afer a while— four, or five years instead of fifteen or twenty of thelr sentence—be brought under one of the so-called “gractous manifestos,” which are always being issued on occaston of birthdays, Uirths, marriages, etc., in the Emperor's imme diate family, and transferred 10 some one ot the convict colonies, from which in due time they will be released in Mke manner and allowed to live within some particular rural Glsirict, at _@ great distance from city or towa, and under strict surveillance of the local police. Gradually the range’ widens, till it comprises district towns; the survetllance {3 lightene?; at last the capital of the government ttseif’ 1s opened to the half-pardoued convict, and with iu scefety and resources of every klad. Society, indeed, is apt to lionize him. ‘It now depends in a great measure on himself, his good sense and abilities, to shape his further fortunes. Men of education and sctentific or technical attainments are in as great demand, and for ‘the same reasons, In our far cast as in the far West of this country. And when by the end of ten or twelve years, as is oy. the case, and after having previously been transferred to the more populous and civilized western gov- ernments, the Be recog convict is restored to his rank and privileges, freed from all disabil!- ties and finally recalled from banishment, it 1s by Do means rare to see him return to the Shores of the Baikal of his own fre will, to settle there for Itfe. I have know” such law- yers, physicians, engineers, miners,—able and energetic men, who had come to love the wil- derness, with its wide fopenings, its large hospitality, its Manifold, possivilities, and Would not have exchanged*it, except on com- Pulsion, for what they had already learned to call the cold, narrow spirit of the over-crowded cities of the old world; though heaven knows they need not nave objected to any portion of €ven Old Russia on account of over-crowdtag! One young lawyer in particular do I remember. He was little over thirty, sturdy of frame, and keen of look; his manners had lost the polish of his early social training, and acquired a cer- tain not Unplessing selfrelying _ non- chalance, He had come to. St, Peters- burg on a hurried trip to see his friends, assert his neowly-recovered rights, and transact some busizess; but ail his thoughts were centered on a speedy return to Irkoutsk, where he had lefi a promising and already flourishing practice, some haif-started ventures in a mining enterprise, and, a3 he almost hinted, a fairer attraction than ail these, tn the form of a well-dowered daughter of some Wealthy merchant. He was so enthusiastic in his descriptions a3 almost to become poetteal, and every day he was detained tn the capital appeared to him areal loss. Such politica! ex- iles as are not deprived of their liberty, bat only bound to reside within certain assigaed dis- irlets, Of course have all the more chancas in their favor. The intercession of frlends at home also does much to shorten their term and hasten their transfer to cilles of more habitable re- gions, if they behave judiciousiy, and have not Uhe exceptional ill-luck of falling under the Tule Of some of those ignorant and wantonly brutal officials, whose number diminishes with ook year, and who will soon live only in local traditions, the indignant records of the con- temporary press, or the memoirs of some prisoners endowed with literary talent. The object of the foregoing digression is by nO means to palliate the horrors of tie penal Sentence known as “hard labor in the mines.” The removal from the midst of civilization, from all old ties and intellectual communion, the civil death which 1t entails, the rigid cli- Tate, the unwonted physical labor and coarse food, the dally, hourly association with real malefactors, many of them hardened wretches sunk to the lowest depth of degradation,—all hese are features doubtless horrible enough. But it should be borne in mind that this Leaviest penalty is but sparingly tnflictea, and the victims are not debarred from hope in better limes; that punishment is SS allthe world over, and that the Immediate fate of prisoners 13 everywhere iald in the hands ot om-iais, Of waom @ certain number will be brutal and ignorant all the worid over, too; in short, that the barbarities with which the Kus- sian eonvict system has been justly caarged (we wiil waive bere the very material imgrove- aments Of these latter years) find abaadjaat cous.terparts in the prison annals of every oae ef those countries which can boast a Mach older civilization than ours, Not to go bayond the first halt or the present century, we do not read of much teuder-hearted mercy’ showa by Austrian courts and those of the Bourbdoa and crman princes of Italy, ordinary and extraor- cinary, to political offeaders waose proceedings were much more obviously justifiable, since they tended merely to expel foreign tyrants by epen rising. Tho city moats of Verona, Brascia 4d Milan could tell tales enouga of the whoie- sale butchery by Austrian soldiers of patriots, men and boys, Whose object was Sighting. not murder. Were Spandau and Spleiberg places of pleasant retiremeut? Was Cayenne a whole- £omne country residence? Were Melbourne and Port Adelaide the abodes of justice tempered by mercy? Let not one country, then, bear the odium of aborninations which are outrages on human nature wherever they exist, and which, let _us hope, are receding before the humane Spirit of th age in all countries as steadily and surely as in Russia, the youngest and least favored by history. More than a year has elapsed since the as- tounding finale ot the 17th (5th) of February. ‘Times have changed since then. They have changed so that aman who had gone to sleep on that fatal evening and awakened on its an- niversary would have fancied be had dreamed away half a century instead of a twelvemonth. AD unprecedented measure, the forlorn hope of utter es poate has been crowned with un- exampled results. Our age has seen what no other period in the history of the world can show.—a military dictatorship re-estab! order, tranquility, public confidence, with a rapidity and ease bordering on magic; not by means of terror and coercion,—those had been pretty thoroughly “played out” by the peace- able red-tapists,—but by a series of the most liberal measures, the most radical reforms. Cheery and active, hopetul to lightheartedness, forgetting already the late evil days, Russian society 1s busily setting about the immense ar- Years of work accumulated in these years of convulsion and terror; and in so doing it re- ceives enlightened encouragement and sup- eer from the very government from which it 'd so long experienced nothing but repression, suspicion, and ill-will. ‘Tne dismissal of a minister of public instruction, deservedly un- popular from his consistent retrogressive policy and brutally arbitrary proceedings; the sup- pression of “the Third Section of His Majesty's Own Chancery,” that secret and irresponsibie institution whose existence made egal cy buta name; the abolition of the tax on si the en- franchisement of the press,—all these concas- sions, granted coup sur coup to public opinion, are surely sufficient pledges of the earnestnes3 and sincerity with which the supreme power of the state, wielded by a hand as strong as it is wise, has been poe ‘back to that high-road of progress and reform from which it was 80 abruptly turned in April, 1866, by the pistol shot whose report filled the world—and espect- ally this of it—with indignant amazement. ‘Thank Heaven! it was done in tme, and the final cliff was weathered. It was a narrow e3- cape,—let us not stop to thiak how narrow; but, in gratitude for the eventual release from davger, remember only that “a miss is as go2d asa mile.” A regenerating breath has passed over the land, ana brought back the air of life to the lungs of panting no mere rhetorical figure wiil b:st be proved by some extracts from the very fine leading artic! with which the era great , the Golos (the voice), ushers the New Yearof 1881.t The article is dated December 31, 1830:— = i ae ah ean Peculiar one: it two months shoud ea og Preceding year, 1879,— aud coweriag silence. men of "19 seemed bent on ah: mi-hed,—and they did. Bi Februsyy @ turn was feit in s new direc nun and other forces appesred became clear to everyboay 6 in he tious, ‘roclalisay’ nas been Enoch ithiss ima few mouths lost al ite mince ao vs ]nla 0}, te enelt aa effectually an au officer After reviewing in a few causes of the general exiilaratioa "who bo evils, ¢reat: © | senistance of had done for his ey Alexander IL. had done for Saying which was the very eneet Goterrarmataon. to do right quickly, ania cost scarce breathing ume between, by panty jews importance,—the judicial reform, in- uci; and temporary. spared his life. lowed the merciful dictates of the first “misunderstanding” between him and Rot, if she ever lays hox clear and mournful. A few hundred and urgent and — A rhe the Bupreme 2 "And they will.” vr — by Karakozo! pay empt are Picked up, “as If bot bad "as the say. In ‘short, we are where we were before this Le break, which we must consider as a lank, in the country’s life, like thatof Suspended animation or intermitted conscious- ness, often accompanied by terrific convulsions, after which an eptieptic patient resumes his Speech on the very word and syliabie on which he was eye by the Weare tempted to ask in homely phrase, “What was it all about?” What caused this , this con- fusion, these chaotic upheavings? The Golos has said It,—“‘a_ misunderstanding.” Nothing ever was less justifabie, less called for in Leven ap i the shot fired against ried by his nobility, he had carried Roolition of serfdom with a high hand, witn Precipitation almost, an intolerance of all gala- recklessness of an This gigantic act was followed, wita one of open courts of law and public trial by jury. Then came the partial enfranchtsement of the press after the model, very imperfect tn- deed, of the French laws under Napoleon LiL, but tooo, a an ion ages announced as preliminary ‘as that the man, was that the sovereign, to be requited with an‘assassin’s ball? Yet, sta as he was, it is generally beleved that he would, if left to himself, have pardoned the half-witted youth, at least) have Had he done ‘so, had he fol- his own heart, his people might never have arisen. If at that critical hour there were any by his side wao took advantage of the dist state of the monarch’s spirit, thrown off its balance by this gratuitous, most unmerited assault, to Lim counsels of wrath and reprisal, to in- crease their own tmportanee by an ex: show of devotion and alarm, to uri @ course of e gen under pretence of person, endangered by his toocontidiug neglect of thelr previous advice,—if any sucu there to walsper gerated n ge him ato al suspicion apd reaction, lng the safety of his were, Heaven forgive tn men! History will of their names. A passing misunderstanding! Fifteen years blotted out of a country’s life. It is no great matter, and not much harm has been doue after all Ani acouple of hundred years from now posterity will make short work of it, and over it lightly with the remark that this was the only shadow on a prosperous and = terit, ve are reign. But we are not posterity. burdened with affeotiong which keep u3 down and prevent our soaring to a bird's-eye view ot Cur own times, 80 we See the accessories which Will wane into the indistinct background of the ages some day, but which stand out at present aman lives Sacrificed may be a very paltry item; hardly so to us however, when they happen to be those of our brothers, our sons, our lovers, our friends.—of “our boys,” in short. Itis in vain that history sternly points to other lands and other times, and reminds us that with such ag these, crushed, laid low with all their bud- cing promise, thelr splendid powers, thelr dar € np ee the path of all human pro- as strewn. Itis all very true, and it ts all very well; but, oh! “the pity of it, lago! O Iago, the pity of Z. RaGozix. Nore. —This article was in type before the news Was received of the murder of the Tsar, and in the Leght of that event the concluding pages area strik- iug commentary on the force of the revoluti 4 sentiment, which even afew months azo was still tnsppreciated by the mo-t libera’ and enlightened Russian opinion.—Kditor International Review —————e————— LUMBER UE IMMENSE TRADE SHOWS WHAT VIM AND PUSH WILL DO. NOTHING BUT STEADY LOW PRICES, YEAR Im AND YEAR OUT, WILL OREATE AND MAINTAIN A BUSINESS BUCH AS OUBS. EVERY ADVANTAGE THAT BUYERS CAN POSSIBLY SEEK I8 AS- DUCEMENTS TO BUYERS. . WILLET & LIBBEY; 3 | 6th st. and New York ave, seal Square, Hl | tan a (Ind. ) Sentinel.) ‘Buckwheat Cakes and Mensles."" —_ When a young busband badegone from home and with fond solicitude telegraphed his litte wife,—*‘what have you for broskfast, and how's the baby!"—he received the brief, practicsl an@ Suexestive reply—* Buckwheat Cakes and the Measles." 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