Evening Star Newspaper, January 1, 1856, Page 4

(Continued from first page.) Permanent confederation prescribed by the constitution. Our balance of power isin the Separate reserved rights of the States, and their ues ene a Senate. That jent sovereign’ every one of the States, with its reserved rights of local self- Bovernment assured to each by their co-equal power in the Senate, was the fandamental condition of the constitution. Without it the Union would never have existed. However desirous the larger States might be to re-or- ganize the ‘ernment so as to give to their pepulation its a ha ae weight in the ‘common counsels, they knew it was impossi- ble, unless they conceded to the smaller ones authority to exercise at least a negative influ- ence on all the measures of the government whether legislative or executive, through their equal representation in the Senate. ndeed, the larger States themselves could not have failed to perceive, that the same power was equally necessary to them, for the security of their own domestic interests against the ag- Zregate force of the general government. te a word, the original States went into this per- manent league on the agreed premises, of ex- erting their common strength for the defense of thé whole, and of #3] its parts; but of ut- terly excluding 921 capability of reciprocal mgereaion, Kevh solemaly bound itself to all ie others, neither to undertake, nor permit, any encroachment upon, or intermeddling With saother’s reserved rights. , Where it was deemed expedient, particular Tights of the States were expressly guarantied by the constitution ; but, in all things beside, these rights were guarded by the limitation of the powers granted, and by express reserva- tien of all powers not granted, in the compact ofunion. Thus, the great power of taxation ‘was limited to pu of common defence and general welfare, excluding objects apper- taining to the local legislation of the several Dtates; and those purposes of general welfare 2ud common defence were afterwards defined b specific enumeration, as being matters only of corelation between the States themselves, or between them and foreign governments, which, beor.use of their common and general nature- could not be left to the separate con- trol of each State. Of the cireumstances of local condition, in- terest, and rights, in which a portion of the States, constituting one great section of the Unien differed from the rest, and from another tection, the most important was the pecu- diarity of a larger relative colored population in the southern than in the northern States. _A population of this elass, held in subjec- tion, existed in nearly all of the States, but Was more numerous and of more serious con- cernment in the South than in the North, on account of natural differences of climate and Production; and it was foreseen that, for the same reasons, while this population would di- Minish, and, sooner or later, cease to exist, in some States, it might increase in others, The peculiar character and magnitude of this oo of local rights, net in material rela- tion only, but still more in social ones, caused it to enter into the special stipulations of the constitution. Hence, while the general government, as well as by theenumerated powers granted to it, as by those not enumerated, and therefore refused to it, was forbidden to touch this mat- a in toe — of attack or offence, it was laced under the general safeguard of the Tsice, ,in the sense of defence inst either invasion or domestic violence, like all other local interests of the several States Each State expressly stipulated, as well for it- selfas for each and all of its citizens, and every citizen of each State became solemnly bound by his allegiance to the constitution, that any person, held to service or labor in one State, escaping into another, should not, 1m consequence of any law orregulation there of, be discharged from such service or labor, but should be delivered upon claim of the party to whom such service or labox might be us by the laws of his State. Thus, and thus only, by the reciprocal Suaranty of all the rights of every State against interference on the part of another, Was the present form of government estab- lished by our fathers and transmitted to us; and by no other means is it possible for it to exist. If one State ceases to respect the rights of another, and obtrusively intermeddles with its local interests—if a portion of the States assume to im their institutions on the other, or refuse to fulfil their obligations to them—we are no ionger united friendly States, but distracted, hostile ones, with little capa- city left of common advantage, but abundant means of reciprocal injury and mischief. Practically, it is immaterial whether ag- ssive interference between the States, or eliberate refusal on the part of any of them to comply with constitutional obligations, arise from erroneous conviction or blind prejudice; whether it be perpetrated by direction pa direction in either case, it is full of threat and of danger to the durability of the Union. CONSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS OF SLAVERY. Placed in the office of Chief Magistfate as the executive agent of the whole country, bound to take care that the laws be faithf iy executed, and specially enjoined by the con- stitution to give information to Congress on the state of the Union, it would be palpable neglect of duty on oy to over a sub- ject like this, which, beyond at things at the present time, vitally concerns individual and personal security. It has been matter of painful regret to see States, conspicuous for their services in found- ing this Republic, and equally sharing its ad- vantages, disregard their constitutional obli- gations to it. though conscious of their in- ability to heal admitted and palpable sosial evils of their own, and which are completely within their jurisdiction, they engage in the efiensive and hopeless undertaking of reform- ing the domestic institutions of other States wholly beyond their control and authority, In the vain pursuit of ends by them entirely unattainable, and which they may not legally attempt to compass, they peril the very exist- ence of the constitution, and all the countless benefits which it has conferred. While the people of the southern States confine their at- tention to their own affairs, not presuming officiously to intermeddle with the social insti- tutions of the northern States, too many of the inhabitants of the latter are ently or- ganized in associations to inflict injury on the former, by wrongful acts, which would be cause of war as between foreign powers, and enly failto be such in our system, because perpetrated under cover of the Union. it is impossible to present this subject as truth and the occasion require, without no- ticing the reiterated, but groundless, allega- tion, that the South has persistently assorted clsims and obtained advantages in the prac- tical administration of the general govern- ment, to the prejudice of the North, and in which the latter has acquiesced. That is, the States which either promote or tolerate at- tacks on the rights of persons and of roperty in other States, to disguise their own [ojeetion pretend or imagine, and constantly aver, that they, whose constitutional rights are thus sys- tematically assailed, are themselves the ag- grescors. At the present time, the imputed ag- gresssion, resting as it does only in vague ————— charges of political agitators, re- solves itself into misapprehension or misinter- pretation of the principles and facts of the political organization of the new Territories of the United States. What is the voice of history? When the ordinance, which provided for the government of the territory northwest of the river Ohio, avd for its eventual subdivision into new States, was adopted in the Congress of the con- federation, it is not to be supposed that the question of future relative power, as between the States which retained, and those which did not retain, numerous colored caped notice, or failed to be . And yet the concession of that vast territory to the interests and opinions of the northern States, a territory now the seat of five among the lar- gest members of the Union, was, in great measure, the act of the State of Virginia and of the South When Louisiana was acquired by the United States, it was an acquisition not less to the North than to the South; for while it was im- portent te the country at the mouth of the river Leen oe become the emporium of the country above it, so also it even more important to the Union to have that emporium; amd although the new province, by reason of its imperfect settlements, was anni reqnned as on the Gulf of Mexico, yet, in t, it ex- tended tothe opposite boundaries of the United States, with far greater breadth above than below, and was in , a8 in eve: ise. equally at least an accession to the Nor- thern States. It is mere delusion and preju- dive, therefore, to speak of Louisiana as ac quisition in the special interest of the South. The patriotic and just men, who participated in the act, wore infiuenceil by motives far above all sectional jealousies. {t wasin truth the great event, which, by completing for us the possession of the valley of the are ae with commercial access to the Gulf of Me: " imparted unity and strength to the whole con- feration, and attached together by indissoluble ties the East and the West, as well as the North and the South. As to Florida, that was but the transfer by Spain to the United States of territory on the east side of the river Mississippi, in exchange for large territory, which the United States transferred to Spainon the west side of that river, as the entire diplomatic history of the transaction serves to demonstrate. Moreover, it was an acquisition demanded by the com- mercial interests and the security of the whole Union. In the meantime, the people of the United States had grown upto a proper consciousness of their strength, and in a brief contest with France, and in a second serious war with Great Britain, they had shaken off all which remained of undue reverence for Europe, and emerged from the atmosphere of those trans- atlantic influences which- surrounded the in- fant Republic, and had begun to turn their attention to the full and systematic develop- meat of the internal resources of the Union. Among the evanescent controversies of that period, the most conspicuous was the question of regulating by Congress of the social condi- tion of the fature States to be founded in the territory of Louisiana. The ordinance for the government of the territories northwest of the river Ohio had contained a provision, which prohibited the use of servile labor therein, subject te the con- dition of the extradition of fugitives from ser- viee due in any other part of the United States. Subsequently to the adoption of the stitution, this provision ceased to remain as a law; forits operation as such was abso- lutely superseded by the constitutior. But the recollection of the fact excited the zeal of social propagandism in some sections of the confederation; and, when a second State, that of Missouri, came to be formed in the territory of Louisiana, proposition was made to oxtend to the latter territory the restriction originally applied to the country situated between the tivers Ohio and Mississippi. Most questionable as was this proposition in all its constitutional relations, nevertheless it received the sanction of Congress, with come slight modification of line, to save the existing rights of the intended new State. It was re- luctantly acquiesced in by southern States as a sacrifice to the cause of peace and of the Union, not only of the rights stipulated by the treaty of Louisiana, but of the principle of equality among the States guarantied by the constitution. It was received by the northern States with angry and resentful condemnation and complaint, because it did not concede all which they had exactingly demanded. Hav- ing passed through the forms of legislation, it took its place in the statute book, standing open to repeal, like any other act of doubtful constitutionality, subject to be proneunced null and void by the courts of law, and possessing no possible efficacy to controlthe rights of the States, which might thereafter be organized out of any part of the original territory of Louisiana In all this, if any aggression there were, any innovation upen pre-existing rights, to which portion of the Union are they juatly ebargeable? , This controversy passed away with the oc- casion, nothing surviving it save the dormant letter of the statute. But, long afterwards, when, by the proposed accession of the Republic of Texas, the United States were to take their next steps in territo- rial greatness, a similar contingency occurred, ahd became the occasion for systematized at- tempts to intervene in the domestic affairs of one section of the Union. in defence of their rights as States, and of the stipulaticns of the constitution. These attempts assumed a practical direction, in the shape of persevering endeavors, by some of the representatives in both houses of Congress, to deprive the south- ern States of their supposed benefit of the pro- visions of the act authorizing the organization of the prey of et . ; a But, the good sense of the e, and the vital force of the coniatan iin hed over sectional prejudice, and the political errors of the day, and the State of Texas returned to the Union as she was, with social institutions which her people had chosen for themselves, and with express agreement, by the re-an- nexing act, that she should be susceptible of subdivision into a plurality of States. Whatever advantage the interests of the sourthern States, as such, gained by this, were far inferior in results, as they unfolded in the progress of time, to those which spree from previous concessions made by the South. To every thoughtful friend of the Union-- to the true lovers of their country—to all who longed and labored for the full success of this great experiment of republican institutions— it was cause of gratification that such an op- portunity had occured to illustrate our advan- cing power on this continent, and to furnish to the world additional assurance of the strength and stability of the constitution. Who would wish to see Florida still a Eure- pean colony ? Who would rejoice to hail Tex- as as a lone star, instead of one in in tie galaxy of States? Who does not appr the incalculable benefits of the acquisition of Louisiana’? And yet narrow views and sev tional purposes would inevitably have exclu ded them all from the Union But another struggie on the same point en- sued, when our victorious armies returned from Mexico, and it devolved on Congress provide for the territories acyuired by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The great re lations of the subject had now become iis tinct and clear to the perception of the public mind, which appreciated the evils of sectional controversy upon the question of the adiis- sion of new States. In that crisis intense #0 licitude pervaded thenation. Butthe patriot- ic impulses of the popular heart, guided hy the admonitory advice of the Father of his Country, rose superior to all the difficulties of the ag eR of a new empire into t Union. In the counsels of Congress theve was manifested extreme antagonism of opin- ion and action between same representatives, who cought by the abusive and unconstity- tional employment of the legislative powers of the government to interfere in the cu tion of the inchoate States, and to impose their own social theories upon the latter; wad other representatives, who repelled the inter- position of the general goverpment in thir re- spect, and maintained the self-constituling rights of the States. In truth, the thing at- tempted was, in formalone, action of the ;en- eral government, while in reality it wa» the endeavor, by abuse vf legislative power, to force the ideas of internal policy, eniertuined in particular States, upon ailied indepondent States. Once more the constitution and the Union triumphed signally. The new Terri- tories were, organized without restrictions on the dispufed point, and were thus left to judge in that particular for themseives; a the sense of constitutional faith proved vigorous enough in Congress not only to accomplisa this rimary object, but also the incidents! and ardly unportant one, of so amending the provisions of the statute for the extradition of fugitives from service, as to place that public duty under the safe-guard of the gen- eral government, and thus relieve it from ob- stieles raised up by the legislation of some of the States. Vain declamation regarding the provisions of law for the extradition of fugitives from service, with occasional episodes of frantic ef- fort to obstruct their execution by riot and murder, continued, for a brief time, t certain localit But the true pri of leaving cach State and Territory to regulate its own laws of labor according to its own sense of eT and expediency, had acquired fast hold of the public judgment, to such a de- gree, that, by common consent, it was ob- served in the organization of the Terr tory of Washington. When, more recently, it became requisite to organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kan- sas, it was the natural and legitimate, if not the inevitable, consequence of previous events and legislation, that the same great and sound rinciple, which had already | eee applied to tah and New Mexico, should be applied to them ;—that they should stand exempt from the restrictions proposed in the act relative to the State of Missouri. These restrictions were, in the cstimation of many thoughtful men, null from the begin- ning, unauthorized by the constitution, con- trary to the “Stipulations for the cession of Louisiana, inconsistent with the equal- ity of the States. They had been stri; of all moral author- St on pret procure their in- ments. t by the | 6 of Utah, New Mexico, Washington. If any vitality remained in them, it would have been taken away, in effect, by the new terri- torial acts, in the form originally proposed to the Senate at the first session of the last Con- ss. It was manly and ingenuous, as well as patriotic and just, to do this directly and plainly, and thus relieve the statue-book of an act, which might be of possible future in- jury, but of no possible future benefit; andthe measure of its repeal was the final consumma- tion and complete recognition of the princi- ple, that no portion of the United States shall undertake, through assumption of the powers of the general government, to dictate the so- cial institutions of any other portion. The scope and effect of the language of re- peal were not left in doubt. It was declared, in terms, to be ‘the true intent and meaning of this get not to legislate slavery into Any Territory or State, nor to exclude it thereform, but to leave the people thereof perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institu- tions in their own way, subject only to the constitution of the United States.” The measure could not be withstood upon its merits alone. It was attacked with violence, on the false or delusive pretext that it consti- tuted a breach of faith. Never was objection more utterly destitute of substantial justifica- tion. When before was it imagined by sensi ble men that a regulative or declarative stat- ute, whether enacted ten or forty years ago, is irrepealable—that an act of Congress is above the constitution? “If, indeed, there were in the facts any cause to impute bad faith, it would attach to those only who have never ceased, from the time of the enactment of the restrictive provision to the present day, to denounce and to condemnit; who have constantly refused to complete it by needful supplementary legislation ; who have spared no exertion to deprive it of moral force; who have themselves again and again attempted its repeal by the enactment of incompatible provisions ; und who, by the inevitable reac- tionary effect of their own vivlence on the subject, awakened the country to perception of the true constitutional principle of leaving the matter involved to the discretion of the respective existing or incipiont States. ltis not pretended that this principle, or any other, precludes the possibility of evils in practice, disturbed as political action is liable to be by human passions. :No form of gov- ernment is exempt from inconveniences; butin this case they are in the result of the abuse, and not of the legitimate exercise, of the powers reserved or conferred in the organiza- tion of a Teriitory. They are not to be charged to the great principle of popular sov- ereignty; on tho contrary, they disappear be- fore the intelligence and patriotism of the peo- ple, exerting through the ballot-box their peaceful and silent, but irresiatible power. If the friends of the constitution are to have another struggle, itsencmies could not present @ more acceptable issue, than that ofa State, whose constitution clearly embraces ‘a re Lot ase form of government,’’ being exclu ed from the Union because its domestic in- stitutions may not in all respects comport with the ideas of what is wise and expe ient en- tertained in some other State. Fresh from groundless imputations of breach of faith against others, men will commence the agita- tion of this new question with indubitable vio- lation of an express compact between the in- dependent sovereign powers of the United States and of the republic of Texas, as well as of the older and equally solemn compacts, which assure the equality of all the States. But, deplorable as would be such a viola- tion of compact in itself, and in all its direct consequences, that is the very least of the evils involved. When sectional agitators shal! have succeeded in forcing on this issue, can their pretensions fail to be met by counter pretensions? Will not different States be com- pelled respectively to meet extremes with ex- tremes? And, if either extreme carry its point, what is that so far forth but dissolution of the Union? If a new State, formed from the territory of the United States, be abso- iutely excluded from admission therein, that fact of itself constitutes the disruption of union between it and the other States. But thp process of disselution could not stop there. Would not a sectional decision, producing such result by a majority of votes, either northern or southern, of necessity drive out the op- pressed and aggrieved minority, and place in presence of each other two irreconcileably hos- tile confederations? _ It is necessary to speak thus plainly of pro- Jects, the offspring oF that sectional agitation now prevailing in some of the States, which are as impracticable as they are unconstitu- tional, and which, if persevered in, must and willend calamitously. It is either disunion and civil war, or it is mere angry, idle, aim- less disturbanoe of public peace and tranquil- lity. Disunion for what? If the passionate tage of fanaticism and partisan spirit did not force the fact upon our attention, it would be difficult to believe, that any considereble por- tion of the people of this enlightened country could have so surrendered themselves to a fanatical devotion to thesupposed interests of the relatively few Africans in the United States, as totally to abandon and disregard the interests of the twenty-five millions of Americans—to trample under foot the injunc- tions of moral and constitutional oblig ion— and to engage in plans of vindictive hostility against those who are associated with them in the enjoyment of the common heritage of our national institutions. : Nor is it hostility against their fellow-citi- zens of one section of the Union alone. The interests, the honor, the duty, the peace, and the prosperity of the people of all sections are equally involved and imperilled in this quer- tion. And are patriotic men in any part of the Union prepared, on such an issue, thus madly to invite all the consequences of the forfeiture of their constitutional engagements? Itis impossible. The storm of phrensy and faction mast inevitably dash itself in vain against the unshaken rock of the constitution. I shall never doubt it. I know that the Union is stronger a thousand times than all the wild and chimerical schemes of social change, which are generated, one afier another, in the unstable minds of visionary sophists and in- terested agitators. I rely confidently on the patrictiam of the people, on the diguity and self-respect of the States, on the wisdom of Congress, and above all, on the continued Sracious favor of Almighty God, to maintain, against all enemies, whether at home or abroad, the sanctity of the constitution and | the integrity of the Union. FRANKLIN PIERCE Wasnarxetonx, December 31, 185. A WASHINGTON MARKET AND GRASS FARM FOR SALE. With Oak Wood, seasoned and standing. OWER GISBORO’, THE BEST FARM IN the District, situated on the Potomac,two and # half miles from the United States bridge at the Navy Yard, containing 200 acres, 75 of it timothy land well set; 90 arable, in three fields; one down in wheat, one in young clover, the other clover for lew: ye 15 acresin a “os garden, Sora ing mM $500 to $600. 1 cut last year, withiout top-dressing, 100. tome sold in this mnarket at $30a ton, The com land yields eight barrels to the acre. The improvements are a fine brick house of ten rooms and a cellar, large barn, new corn house, wardener’s house, overseer’s house, and ay a b Sree all in good condition. The shore Is a ery; fine for ‘ing, fair for shad. for sale, another tract of land, 121 acres, two miles from the Navy Yard bridge, a part clear- ed, a fine soil and exposure for a market garden, the rest well wooded, and will cut from 2,000 to 3,000 cords Oak Wood. Now on it 350 to 400 cords seasoned oak, cut last winter. The wood will pay for the land” The improvements are new, a small dwelling, acorn-house, and a stable for six horses. Referto HUGH BERNARD SWEENY, Of the Banking- house of Sweeny, Rittenhouse, & Co. dec 21—d2w. ee CHKISTMAS AND NEW YEAR’S PRES- ENTS. WH en eee Arce or RICH ress wi ve mark down at very low to close them out. 9: Also, a lot of ies’ rich Vel Moire Antique Silk and Cloth CLOAKS, embracing all the nov- elties of the season, and SHAWLS, in every va- Win assortment of fine Scotch in COLLARS, Thane ia peels of soelaly a et os ec lken, OS as as - pardouianiy invited toceasd exsisting cercehai COLLEY & SEARS, No. 323 7th street, 3 doors north Pa, . dec 21—i0t Pa, avenue. French and SLEEVES, eee ween nee Re GUTTA PEACHA TEETH. rps UNDERSIGNED HAVE BEEN 1N WIGS AND TOUPEES. a ™ ENS AND STRANGERS ARE RE- Cz informed that the best assortment 5 4 Gi id TOUPEES are to be found at Weanvs HAIR DRESSING ESTABLISH- MENT, oehG MANUFACTORY, Sixth st. and Toupees made on the shortest notice. Ais, a good assortment of Ladies Back Braids just arrived from New York. dec 11—eo3m dit tanta A Sale Re CHINA !—GLASS !_ EARTHENWARE: ine T. PURSELL & SON, IMPORTERS, have just received pership Ellwood Walter, from Liverpool and other sources, 137 packages of the above }, of new shapes and patterns, making ir assortment (which is ct f saieuel ye) now complete. Among Frene and English China, Gold-band and plain Dinner, Tea, and Toilet ware in sets and pieces detached. White-Granite, Blue printed, and Lustre-band Tea, Dinner, and Toilet sets, and any article se) ite. Rockingham and Yellow ware in variety; Parlan, Terra Cotta, and Wedgewood ware, such as Vases, Pitchers, Watch Boxes, Butters, C! _ holders, Cee acetietan | ee Glassware, of every description, Bo! jan, French and German Glass, Vases, Mugs, Wines, Bottles, Caroffs, Decanters, &c. Plated Teasets, Castors, Spoons, F orks, Cake and Card Baskets, ‘Tongs, &c. Cutlery, Fine and Common, in sets of 51 pieces, and knives only; Waiters in sets and sepa- ~~ GUTTA PERCHA TEETH. D5..2; MUNSON, AT 310 PA. AVENUE, 1s moun on a Gutta Percha Base. Also, with Allen’s pat- enteontinsous Gum, combining beau- ty, strength and cleanliness. Ypr Mois determined to keep improvement in Dentistry, and = profit his patrons. REFERENCE: Rev. Dr. Gurley, Hon. R Hon. © Mas 4 ason, Hon. AO P Nicholson, Dr. R Coolidge, And the Medical Faculty of Georgetown Col- lege. nov 23—tf with every strive to please H Gillet, HOME MANUFACTURES. OTTON WORKS, Siemens ty ty tee tae DRIA, ; Girandoles, &c. ITZPATRICK & BURNS, Proprietors, and Bias er Boods suitable tor retailing, to which | F' aranutactarers of COTTON YARNS, CAR- the attention of country merchants storekeep- | PET CHAIN, SAIL TWINE, WRAPPING WINE, CORDAGE, COTTON BATS, §c. a iders trae merchants in Washington respect- fully solicited for —-! of the above articles, which ‘we Will deliver in Washi: m lower than can be had in Baltimore or other Northern markets. All orders will meet with promptatiention, saree ing as above. -& B. oo 1—tf ers are invited. ‘All of the above goods will be sold Wholesale Retail at the very lowest for Cash, or ove te, at CHINA HALL, 311 ‘ood paper, at short ae lvania avenue. distance end of charge. Geo. iy packed to an’ delivered in any part of the city [Intelligencer, News, Winchester Republican, and Marlboro’ Gazette. dec im "UNITED STATES MAIL, Yost Orrice DepartTMENT, Dec. 21, 1855, RUPOSALS FOR CARRYING THE mails of the United States from the Ist April, 1856, to the 30th June, 1858, inclusive, on the fol- lowing route in KENTUCKY, will be received at tne Contract O of the Post Ofice Department. in the city of Washington, until5, p. m., of the 26th day of February, 1856, (to be decided by the 1st March following,) on the route and in the time herein specified, viz: 8273 From London, Ky., by Laurel Bridge, Mc Hargue’s Mill, Lynn Camp, Barboursville, Fiat Lick, Cumberland Ford, Yellow Cumberland Gap, (Tenn.,) Tazewell, Syc- amore Thorn H it, Sean’s Station,and Mar- shall’s Ferry, to Russellvilic, 9 miles and back, three times a weck, ia 2-horse coaches 9 months, and on horseback the residue of the year. Leave London Monday, Wednesda), and Friday at6am Arrive at Russellville next daze by 32m Leave Russellville Monday, Wednesday, and Friday et ot m Arrive at London next days by 8 p m. NOTES. No pay will be made for trips not performed, and for each of such omissions not satisfactorily explained three times the pay of the trip will be deducted. Lor arrivals far behindtime as to break connexion with depending mails, and not sufticiently excused, one-fourth of the compensa- tion for the trip 1s subject to forfeiture. Fines will be imposed, unless the delinquency be prowptly and satisfsctorily explained by certif- cates of postmasters or the affidavits of other cred- liable persons, for neglecting to take the mail from or into a post ottice ; for suffering it to be in- jured, destroyed, robbed, or lost ; and for refusing, after demand, to convey the mail as frequently as the contractor runs, or is concerned in running vehicles on the route The Postmaster Genera! may annul the con’ t for repeated failures to run agrecably to contract, for disobeying the post of- fice laws or instructions of the departmeat, or for assigning the contract without the assent of the Postmaster General. The Postmaster General may alter the schedule. He may also order an increase of service on the route by allowing there- fora pro rata increase of the contract pay. He may also curtail or discontinue the service in ACADEMY OF MUSIC. N PURSUANCE OF THE DESIGN OF this Institution, viz: the diffusion of the knowl- edge of Music, and a cultivation of the public taste for the higher order of the Art, the ACADEMY OF MUSIC poses to give a series of - ai OUR CONCERTS: and, with a view to add as much as ible to their popularity, the Great Works of Beethoven, Mozart, Mendlesohn, Spohr, Hummel and others, relieved by lighter compositions, will be pro- duced ‘with the greatest fbie effect, both in the Orchestral and Vocal departments. ‘The plan of admission will be the same as that adopted by fhe Academy of Music in London, viz: by subscription onty, the terms of which will be $5 for the four Concerts, entitling the subscriber to three tickets of admission to cach Concert. Subscribers names may be immediately received, at the bookstore of Messrs. Taylor & Maury; at he Piano store of Mr. Davis, and at the Music Stores of Messrs. Hilbus and Zantzinger; also at the Academy of Music. corner Ninth and D streets (Open daily from 10 till 6.) oc 15—tf TOPHAM & NORFLET’S NEW AND CHEAP SADDLE, HARNESS AND TRUNK STORE, 499 Seventh st , opposite Odd Fellows’ Hall. MESSRS. TOPHAM late of Philadelphia, and NORF LET of this city, respectfully announce to their friends and the public, that they have com- menced the Saddling Business at the above stand, where they will make and keep constantly on hand a large and superior assortment of—Mers’, Ladies’, and Boys’ SADDLES, B MARTINGALES, and WHIPS. HARN every description, hoth for city and coun All kinds of TRUNKS, VALISES PET BAGS Ladies’ SATCHELS, an ING BASKETS, and FANCY WORK BOXES. HORSE BLANKETS, COVERS, COLLARS, and HAMES. Horse, Spoke, and Dust BRUSH- ES. CARDS, CURR -COMBS, SPONGES, &e.,Ac. All material used will be the best that can be obtained; and both of us having been practical workmen for several years, we feel confdent that our work cannot be surpassed, either for style or durability. By unremitting efforts to give satis- faction we hope to merit, aud respectfully solicit, a share of public patronage. Pasticular attention paid to covering Trunks and repairing all kinds of work. Saddlers’ toois constantly on hand. TO ALL THAT VALUZ THEIR SIGHT whole or in part, at pro rata decrease of pay, ifhe allow one month’s extra compensation on the amount of service dispensed with. The bids should be addressed to the Second Assistant Post- master Gereral, superscribed ‘“‘ Mail Proposals for Kentucky.’? The contracts to be executedand returned to the department by or before the Ist of April, 1856. For further particulars as to con- ditions to be incorporated in the contracts bidders may see pamphlet advertisement for convey! mais in Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, an Iowa, of 1551. JAMES CAMPBELL, dec 22—lawiw Postmaster General. nov 7—tf ISHES to call the attention to all that suffer with defective sight, caused by age, sick- ness and particularly froin giasses injudiciow iy selected, to his superior SPECTACLES GLASSES carefully ground by himself to a true spherical accuracy, and brilliant transparency, suited precisely aud beneficially to the wearer ac- cording to the concavity or convexity of the eye. Very numerous are the {ll effects caused to the precious organ of sight from the commencement of using glasses in not bel: recisely suited, by the use of an Optometer; an practice of wg | , enables him to measure the focal disease eyes, and such glasses that are absolutely re- will be furnished with precision and satis- J. T. acknowledges the very liberal encourage- ment cape Comeemoie and further solicits the pa- tronage of those that have not yet availed them- selves of his aid. call, by send- [No. 519.] Notice of the discontinuance of the United States land office at Vandalia, in the State of Illinois. OTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT, IN pursuance of law, and in view of the report of the land officers at Vanparia, ILLimois, the va cant land in said district is reduced one hundred thousand acres, the SECRETARY OF THE IntTERIoR has directed that the land office at Vannacia be discontinued, and the lands re- maining unsold at the time of the discontinuance be made subject to sale and entry at SPRINGFIELD, in said State. Lands remaining unsold and unappropriated by law, and subject Ned pile entry at the land otfice now discontinued, will cease to be subject to entry at said otlice from date of the receipt of notice to that effect by the register and receiver thereof; and the land officers at SPRINGFIELD will ive public notice of the day on which they will Ee prepared to receive app ications for entries of any such lands at thetr office. 3iven under my hand, at the ws of Washing- ton, this Sth day of December, A. D. 1855. ‘THOS. A. HENDRICKS Commissioner of the General Land Oltice. dec 11—law6 SUITABLE AND SEASONABLE CHRIST. MAS AND NEW YEAR'S PRESENTS. N VIEW OF THE APPROACHING HOLI- days, I have provided a large and varied as- sortment of useful and substantial articles, suita- ble for presents, such as— Robes de Chambre, for gents, of the richest pat terns and styles, in Cassimeres, French Flannel, Mousseline, French Chintz, of my own manvfac- ture Persons that cannot convenient!) ing the glasses in use, and statfng how many inches they can read this print with their specta- cles, can be supplied with such that will improve their sight. . Innun:zerable testimonials to be seen ; and sefer- ences given to many who have derived the greatest ease and comfort from his glasses. Circulars to be bad , at his office, No. 512 Seventh street, three doors from Oda T'clows’ Hall, up stairs. NoxvFouxg, September 7, 1554. Sir—The Spectacles you made for me suit very well, and scem to have improved my sight more than any other I have lately tried. LITT. W. TAZEWELL. T have tried a pair of Spectacles obtained from Mr. Tobias, _ find them of great a ree to my sight, am ey: ith his description of the focus. 1 recommend him es a seiifale Lie clan. HENRY A. WISE. Mr. J. Tonias : Sir—The pair ot hpectacies yo With Scarfs, Cravats, Stocks, Ties, Gloves, | furnished me yesterday are particularly sa - Handkerchiefs, Portemonnaies, fine 1d and sil: torytome. Tney are very decidedly the best I ver headed Canes, Gents’ Dressii ases, &c. Possess, and I am the owner of eight or niac pair, Tne public is respectfully invited to examine Carefully selected in different places and from op- these beautiful articles at LANE’S Gents’ Furnishing Store, 121 Pa. avenue. dec 19—co2w clans recommended to me on account of th a standing in England, France and the nited States. I have been also pleased with yur Sage Nand bead Ried on the See nt et or, for urpose of preserving and Sraprov- sight. Kespectfully, yours, ing CHAS. aRLDWELS, Professor of M. C., Louisvilis. Ky. LINCHEYRE, Nov. 10, 1854. Mr. John Fobvias having furnished me with @lassos, by which I have been greatly alded (my vision having sumsrod greatly from reading at night in my eerlier ilfe) it affords me the highest a Say thai I consider him 2 skillful prac- cai optician, and weil prepared to aid thore who my need his professional services. WM. B. ROUTIF, Elder of Methodist Confervase. Wi.Mincton, N.C., Jan. 27, i804. United States Patent Office, Wash ington, Dec. 15, 18 N THE PETITION OF FREDERICK E. SICKELS, of New York, N. Y., pars for the extension of a patent granted to him for an improvement in‘: Valves Ju Steam Engines,”’ for seven years from the expiration of said patent, which takes place on the 2%th day of May,, 1556: It is ordered that the said petition be heard at the Patent Ottice on Monday, the oth day of May 1856, at 12 o’clock m.; and all persons are notitied to fetes and show cause, if any they have, why said petition ought not to be granted. Persons opposing the extension are required to file in the Patent Office their objections, specially set forth in writing, at least twenty days before the day of hearing; all testimony filed by either Mr. J. Fozpias: Dear Sir—I am he to ar party to be used afthe said heari: : must be taken | Shat the Spectacles which I chtained aenyen Int and transmitted in accordance with the rules of the ottice, which will be furnished on application. The testimeny in the case will be closed on the ‘2th = of April, 1856; depositions and other pa- pers relied upon as testimony must be filed in The oitice on or before the morning of that day; the ar- guments, if any, within ten thereafter. Ordered, also, that this not! the Union, Intelligencerand Evening Star, ington, D.C.; Pennsylvanian, Poe wee Pa; Journal of Commerce, New York ; and Post, Bos- ton, Mass.; once a week for three successive weeks pusiecs to the Sth day of May next, the day of caring. CHARLES MASON, te Commissioner of Patents. P. 3.—Editors of the above papers will copy, and send their bills to the Patent with a paper containing this notice. dec 19—law3w ‘week are entirely sati From an inequal- ity in the visual of my eyes, 1 have hereto- fore found great didiculty in feiting glasrer of the distance. te z me plea: r optometer, this difl- ly o} 60 that the glasses i furnished me are decidedly the best ahopeed vay eyes of any I have ever yet used. Very respectfully, - B. DRANS, Of St. James? Parish tment of Interior, May 7, 1855. ” From natural defects and the unequal Tange of My eycs, I have been en, tenes for . i have without obtalnt [No, 518.] Notice of the location of the two land offices and the office of the Sur rv General in Kansas and Nebraska Territories. - BE IT KNOWN, THAT, 1N PURSUANCE of the 13th section of the act, aj proved 22d. July, 1854, creating two new land ot ‘Terrltorie} of Kansas and N first section of the same act, of surveyor general for said Territories, the for the “Omawa DISTRICT”? has been located at Omana Crry, the seat of of Nebraska ; and. the office for the ‘ PawnagE Dis- mony as to his skill as an ‘ Z pans RE NEY E. BALDWIN, Were exist. Sec’y to ign Land Warrants, BOYS’ WINTER CLOTHING. E HAVE THIS DAY RECEIVED a usuall: large addition to our ly extensive Boys’ and Childrens’ offer to our custom- assortment of first quality CLOTHING, which we will ers and the public at unusually low prices. Our stock consists in yer = OVER COATS and TALMAS TRICT,”’ and of the SURVEYOR GENERAL, at ‘LE Tipe UNE ABOUTS and JACKETS Comrtox,’? the seat of government of Kansas | Silk Hatin’ eed eitee Veeee. White and colored. SHIRTS Given under my & Co. revolving mente ingle barrel Pitt, from cots 85 eh tion RS of the best quality, dee 11 “No. 198 Bridge street, Georgetown. hand, at the city of Was! - | UNDERSHIRTS and DRAWE = this, twenty-sixth day of November, A. D. Pare Kd gg hd ge HOSIERY, &e., &e. By order of the President : Clothing very lange and Pp © ste THOS, A. HENDRICKS 222 Pa. aver ALL STEPHENS, mmission: General Land Ollice. - avenue, bet. 9th and 1th street, nov 29—law6w lobe) _nert to Iron Hall. STUART'S CANDIES. ? ROBBINS, and LAW - 8T RECEIVED, PER EXP’ eT k VED, RESS, LA i t hammer, five STEAM CAND Sterne FoFkar a Vasile Cem, : Z.M. P. KINGS, © pi. Vermont avenue, corner 15th and I sts. THE GREAT PUKIFIER OFTHE BLOOD: Best Alterative Known!: 100 HoT a PARTICLE OF MERCURY IN tr't! An Infallibie remedy for Scrofuia, King’s Evy), ee oe oo Cutancous Eruptions on the Face. 4 Chronic Bore Eyer’ Heald, ana Joints eos Syphilitic Disorders, great remedy, which has become xo a and so y celebrated for its ext i nary y in and.curing many of the most forms of disease wii) obstinate which mankind is afflicted , 1s now offered to the pablic, with the confident assurance that no Mxp. ICAL DISCOVERY ever made bas been so eminent) su inc ScROFULA, ADGALL Dismaspy ov THE BLoop,as CARTER’S SPANISH Mix. ro are receiving by © ee eee one astonishing ai 5 0} made in ali aS te cones See Le oat cone where the skill of the best Physicians had beeg "fe power over the Breer eens femarkabie diseases aris! rom imy e t oe FE have ay relieved an cured with: le failure, out of thet’ ovsands who have used it. Carter’s 5) 7 Mixture Contains 20 Meret Opin, rsen' Or any dangerous drage, bat iscomposed of Roots and Here: com, bt ‘with other ingredients of known virtue, ang may be given to the youngest Infant or most de. bilit invalid, without the least possible bee}. ave have only room for short extracts from the volumes af Peogey | in our pommeten, sod a tlemen highest respectability, we! Feces in tueis various localities. Please read for yourselves. We take great pleasure in calling the attention of ous resins to ne merits of Carter's Spanish Mixture asa ams for diseases of the blood. it cajoys a reputation in this city eS a by any other preparation —Daitly Dispatch, Richmond, Va The Hon. John M. Botts, of Va., says heconsid- ers it a matter of duty to add his testimony to the virtues of Carter’s Spanish Mixture, 7RomM actTvay PERSONAL OBSERVATION Of its remarkable core. tire powers for the diseases in which it is used We have been cured of a violent and protracted Liver disease by Carter’s Spanish Mixture. We know it to be att it professes.— Editor Sowthsrds Democrat, Petersburg, Va. We have found from personal trial, thet Car. ters Spahish Mixture is a truly valuable med). cine. —Ed. Vergennes Independent, Vr. GREAT CURE OF SCROFULA —A press. man fa our employ was cured of Scrofula of a vir. went character by a few bottles of Carter's Spac- ish Mixtnre, aftereverything else bad failed Oth. er cures which have come under our own observa tied, proves to us conclusively, that ts really ¢ val- uable medicinal agent. We take great plessare in calling the attention of the afflictod te its mer- its —Richmond Republican. SYPHIL1S.—1 have seen a numer of cures of mall cures euta Syphilis formed by Carter’s Spanish Mixture Udell t to be & perfect antidote for that herri. ble som E. BURTON, Com. of Revenue for city of Richmond LIVER DISEASE.—Samvel M. Drinker. of the frm of Drinker & Morris, Bookeclicrs, Ric mond, Va., was cured of Liver disease of sever! years standing by only three bottles of Carter's Spanish Mixture. OLD SORES, ULCERS AND OBSTINAT. ERUPTIONS ON THE SKIN.—See the ev of Mr, Harwood, and cthers, detatied In our Al. manac The number of such cases cured by Car ter’s Spanish Mixture, precludes the pessibillty of inscriing them in an advertisement EFFECTS OF MERCURY.--Sce the cnre et “Mr. Elmore. He was eaten up with Mercury end could obtain no relicf, until he took six bottles of Carter’s Spanish Mixture, which perfec'ly restored ulm to health and vizer. NEURKALGIA.—Mr. F. Boyden, formerly of ‘he Astor House, N. ¥., but more recently propri- of the Exchange Hotel, Richmond, wes cured of Neuralgia by Carter's Spanish MBxture. Since tat time, he says he has seen it cure more thana hundred cases of the disease In which it is used. He never fails to recommend It to the aff Icied RHEUMATISM.—Mr. Jobn F. Harrison, Druggtst, of Martinsburg, V2., writes of the sin- gular cure of a violent case of Rheumatism. The patient could not walk. A few bottics entirely evred him. SCRO FULA.-—Mr. Harrison alse writes cfa great cure of Scrofula, in the person of a young jady, (of three years s'andinc,) which ell ‘Le dov- tors could not reach. Six bottles made a care of her. SYPHILIS.—Dr. K. T. Hendle, of Wash ton, D. C , who cured an obstinate cas: lis by Carter’s Spanish Mixture, says cially on the Blood, Liver and 5 ané efficient in its results.”’ Dr. John Minge, formerly of the City Hotel, Richmond, now of Alabema, says be bas cea Carter's Spanish Mixture administered $n 2 num- ber of cases with astonishing! effect. He recommends itas “the sssnt tthlont umcestive in ” SALT RHEUM AND SCROFULA—Mr. Jos. Robinson, of Wooster, Ghio, was cured of Scrofula and Salt Rheum of three years standing, by only three bottles of Carter’s Spanish Mixture WM. 3S. BEERS & CO., Proprietors, No. roadway, New York. Price $1 bottle, or six bottles for $5 ‘orsaleby C' . STOTT, Washington. D. C., and Druggists generally. oct I—iy SOMETHING TO OLD AND YOUNS. PROFESSOR WUen's HAIR BESTOBATIVE. ‘ais tion, although Jess then two years before ) lc; owing to its wonderful cf- fects upon the human hair and scalp, bas already obtained a celebrity and sale perfectly um paralleled. Jt has without theordirary appliance used fer such pw , Won its wr heartily welcomed to most of the cities and towns in the United States, the Canadas, and the West India islands. Nor is this result surpr it is remembered that its popularity ts besed "pa its merits, selely as estabjished by actual to That this pre ion will actu: tere Heir to its Natural Color, pro wih upon the heads of the bald, prever air from falling off, and when used as 8 tonic ar- ticle, ace a continual flow of the natural anid and thus render the hair soft, giossy and Wa¥y, destroy diseases of the scalp, and expe! da’ the certificaies of guished gentlem ladies in every part of the country Who heve tried it, and therefore sprax what they know, most fl- ly attest. That bya use Of this Restorative the hair can be made to attain and retain its nat- alotted to humean!"y, ral color to almost am by removing the cause _ no matter how long standing—the concurren Umoniais cf the press and the certificates merous respectabie individuals of both st the use of this curative, as well as of the recom mendations of editors and certificates before at- dod to, can be had of all agents. Brooxrisin, Mass., Jan. 12 Pror. Woov—Dear Sir—Having inad? your Hair Restorative, it gives me pleasure to#¥ that Its effect has been excelient in removing 4 flammation, dandruff, and 2 constznt tenécncy ie Itchinz, with which 1 have been tronbied — childhood, and has alser estored iy heir, wale was becoming gray, tol ts original color. 1 bare used wate y icle, —_ anything like tho «sme leasure Prokt. Yours, traly : yk bea@e Pastor of Orthodox Charoh Drockield CaRLrLx, Il., Jane 27, 1653. I have used Prof. O. 5. Wood's Hair Restors- 5 tive, 2nd have admired its wonderful efiect. J hair wes becoming, as 1 thought, — oA ; but by the use of his *‘Rosic: ' a hy iis original color, end 1 bos pmo Gout, permanenily so. SIDNEY BRUESE, Ex-Senator United Stater. Prov. Woo :—Dear Sir—My bali ¢ ommenced of some three or four years since, and oa to do so until I became quits vad. 1 — remedies of the dry, but to ead A.C WILLIAMSON, 133 Second foci Address 0. 5. WOOD & CO., Proprietors, 3 , New York, and 114 Market street, St Lonis, Mo. C. STOTT & CO., wholesale snd roisil Age™ Wi e t. W. DYOTT & SONS, General Pf » Philadelphia, Pa. su l—ly GLENWOOD CEMETERY; Office No. 292 Pa. ave., corner 10th etree (OVER THE Savine’s BANE.) pian of ,of New Yor’, and TN CEMETERY is laid out on the a are gives