The Daily Worker Newspaper, February 27, 1935, Page 5

World!| By MICHAEL GOLD ALTER SNOW, co-editor with Jack Conroy of that interesting magazine of proletarian fiction, “The Anvil” con- tributes the following letter to the dis- cussion on the Writers’ Congress. “Although virtually unknown in Amer- ica less than three years ago, the proletarian short story undoubtedly will be a major topic at the forthcoming American Writers’ Congress. “Preckled Irish sons of western coal mines, tall Yankee veterans of textile picket lines, blond Swedish lumberjacks from the north, drawling ex- cowpunchers from Texas and nimble Jewish tailors from the Bast Side will recount how belatedly they are overcoming many handicaps to develop and popularize this effective revolutionary art form. “Most important of all, they will discuss the problem of enlarging publication outlets and of enablitg our writers to receive wages for their finished products. With organizational support, a revolutionary story magazine could reach audiences | in the hundreds of thousands, the crowds which | pack the Theatré Union, for example. A majority of them do not read the excellent New Theatre because of its somewhat technical nature. For the same reason numerous bourgeois story maga- zines have much larger citculations than the literary-current affairs periodicals. Here, of course, the comparison ends, as our goal would be to fur- nish niental stimulus together with entertainment. An “Unwanted Stepchild” “NXCEPT for the mechanical prostitutes paraded in the big circulation slick and pulp magazines, capitalist publishers always have treated the short story as an unwanted stepchild. ‘High brow’ pub- lications use only two or three an issue. Occa- sionally, under the tainted auspices of subsidies, a few rickety stories were cradled in periodicals of the ‘exiles,’ hardly known beyond the Left Bank, Majorca and Greenwich Village. Like the Bohemian-denounced commercial stories, these: ex- perimental tales were formula products of intel- lectual despair. There was the disillusioned child tale in which the youngster learned that papa, mamma or big sister was promiscuous. There was the childless woman recipe, the misunderstood and inarticulate girl, the tough guy who suddenly real- ized that life was a mouthful of ashes, etc. “Not until the writers of the proletariat, nour- ished in the revolutionary movement, finally sought an audience in the vanguard of their own class, did the American short story develop muscles and begin to assume its deserved stature, “Your Little Red Library pamphlet, ‘The Damned Agitato: and Other Stories,’ was a model to us who were drawn to the movement with the birth of the monthly New Masses in 1926. Through the years Change | of the Passaic, Sacco-Vanzetti, Gastonia and un-~ employment struggles, you encouraged the group who were later to found The Anvil, the pioneer pro- letarian fiction magazine. “Together with Walt Carmon you published in New Masses the first sketches of George Milburn, Jack Conroy, Joseph Kalar, H. H, Lewis, Langston Hughes and many others. But as the monthly New Masses was then the sole revolutionary cul- tural periodical, it could not devote much space to fiction. * * . Ploughing a New Field “ITNDER Conroy's leadership we decided to plough a new field. From @ cowshed press in Minn- esota, a Swede farmhand issued the first Anvil in May, 1933-24 hand-set pages. Stranded in my native Connecticut milltown, I sent forth a pub- lieity barrage that landed notes in all the New York papers and caused Heywood Broun to de- vote a full column to the new phenomenon. But no Anvils reached N, Y. C. bookstores until two week later. Then our antique press collapsed. “A Louisiana printer finally in September, 1933, issued the second Anvil—a 32-page lintype job but published on cheap newsprint. After Anvil No. 3, also newsprint, came out with much-praised stories by Erskine Caldwell, Joe Kalar and Louis Mamet, the woods for a time became filled with our imita- tors, virtually all of whom have since disappeared. ‘The subsidized and watery Story was imported from Majorca to: become the jaded debutantes’ delight and to clamor about pioneering for American short stories, “But The Anvil kept struggling on, not missing one of its regular bi-monthly publication dates from No. 2 down to the current No. 10. Caldwell’s Anvil story, ‘Daughter,’ was dramatized to be the hit of the Workers’ Laboratory Theatre. Even Oxford's Edward J. O'Brien reprinted Mamet’s Anvil story, ‘The Pensjon,’ to furnish a much needed shot of vigor to his ‘Best Short Stories’ collection. Two issues of Anvil appeared on white paper. Then, during the N. R. A. summer, we were driven back to newsprint for three numbers, All-star Line-up “aT LAST, with the co-operation of the Central Distribution Agency, which places New Masses and other revolutionary periodicals on the news- stands, The Anvil No. 9 came out with white paper, @ rather thin grade.. Now No. 10, the March-April issue, sports eggshell and an ail-star line-up in- cluding Erskine Caldwell, Jack Conroy, Saul Levitt, Josephine W. Johnson, Harry Kermit, Louis Zara and Joseph D. Marr, “Naturally the quality of some previous issues was uneven: the proletarian story was still in its development stage. Desiring to furnish variety and to encourage beginners, we printed a few stories that should have been rejected. When our pockets were empty and other work was pressing, the spirits of the Missouri Irishman and the Connecticut Yankee sagged to the depths. Gloatingly, some attacked our weaknesses and occasional mistakes. But The Anvil, which carries the masthead of a Bulgarian periodical once fathered by the great Dimitrov, is proud that numerous prominent com- rades have always been its friends. We face the coming Writers’ Congress with a tremendous ground-swel! of encouragement, confident that the magazine of our and your dreams will be greatly furthered. “Comradely, “WALTER SNOW,” LITTLE LEFTY SNOOPY, WE'LL HAVE 16 GIVE OUR NEWSBOYS A S¢ PER loo WROE- RAISE, So's tO PRE VENT DISCONTENT. Na \\\ FROM “he DABLY WORKER, NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, FEBRU. AND HERERFTER, You A \D1IOT, KEEP Leery AND PEANUTS ovT OF THIS NN PLANY AND AWAY RY 27, HEARD MR.CRUST TELL Ma. SNOOPY T GIVE youse & 5* anise! International Woman’s Day Pamphlets Tribute | Negro and WhiteWomen Rebelling Against Double Slavery By ANN BARTON 'HE courage and fighting strength of working class women have | been spect: thousands out the country this past year. Many workers, perhaps for the have become deeply con- cerned with the organization of working class women. comes the realization that these | women who took part in the “fiying squadrons” and other heroic work- ing class actions, must be organ- ized so that they become fighters, clearly class conscious, as well as first time, militant. How to workers? What shall we tell them? How shall we bring to them the re- lationship struggle of the entire working class | . for its permanent freedom from ex- ploitation? Now, shortly before International ‘Women’s Publishers pamphlets* that answer these ques- Wide discussion of these tions, pamphlets their distribution. * ARGARET COWL's “Women and Equality” considers the problem —“What.was the basis of woman's its manifestations today? What can inferior position to man? What are be done?” Problems in Political By A. MARKOFF (UCH has been said and written on the education of the members of our the Young Communist League as well as the thousands of workers coming under the influence of our Party. The tendency has been and still is to treat this matter in an isolated manner, separate and apart from the general activity of the Party on the economic and po- litical fields. This is, perhaps, one of the major reasons why this phase of our work has lagged behind the | other phases of work in the Party. ' We will, therefore, begin our dis- ! cussion with a definition of political Party, education, Comrade Lenin in his famous work—‘What Is To Be Done?” dis- cusses the question of political edu- cation in the following manner: “What does political education mean? Is it sufficient to confine oneself to the propaganda of work- ing class hostility to autocracy? Of course not. explain to the workers that they politically than it was to explain to them that | their interests were antagonistic to the interests of Advantage concrete example of this oppression for the purpose of agitation. And inasmuch as political oppression af- fects all sorts of classes in society, inasmuch as it manifests itself in various spheres of life activity, in industrial life, civil life, in personal and family life, in religious life, scientific life, etc., etc. is it not evident that we shall not be ful- filling our Political consciousne:. of the work- ers if we do not undertake the or- ganization of the political exposure autocracy in all its aspects? (V. I. Lenin—What Is To Be Done? | —P. 57,, International Publishers.) * of 1S clear from the above quota- tion that the scope of political education practically all of the major phases of Party activity. It embraces the daily press place, especially the Daily Worker. The Daily other Party newspapers and period- icals perform the job of the “col- lective propagandists, collective agi- tators and collective organizers.” (Lenin.) The first task in political education is the increase in the cir- culation of the Party press, especi- ally the Daily Worker. very essential to improve our press so that the propaganda and agita- tion carried on in be understood by the reader, will tend to rouse the masses to the realization of the political and eco- nomic oppression they suffer from, and will show them the way out. The best education are the actual struggles organized and led by the Party, by the trade unions, other mass organ- izations, movements on a united front besis, etc, It is clear that the i To Fighting Strength of Working Class Women | Was discovered that his claim was false. cularly demonstrated on of picket lines through- To them approach these women of their struggle to the “We have often been led Day, Workers Library has published four little | Oe “She points out. that only with the geninnings of will inevitably follow the means ‘of existence, of woman was deprived, that s! eee to be- lieve,” she says, “that this unequal position of women has always ex- isted and therefore is a natural it was private property—with man’s ownership of which he was forced into an inferior position. Today, even women of the cap- italist class feel this infriority. They “see a division in society along sex lines and not along class lines.” is no wonder then,” she says It hat From Coast to Coast Education whether the Party is’ well subject of the political | voticies, the only policies wh country. Unemployment and Social masses of workers. for H. R. 2627. . IN ORDER to broaden the struggles; It is not enough to | the struggles. This requires oppressed (any more the employers). must be taken of every | ultimate aim of the Party, ing class in this country. as well as the education our Party. command many instruments task of developing the cludes the daily press; Engels, ee forums, lectures, discussions is broad and embraces | Units, and finally, Party education. of the Party in the first| With regard to literature, Worker as well as the| Party has made coming an effective instrum workers for the Party. It is also tion of the Daily Worker the press will | 000. next week’s column. instrument for political engaged in educational work Party, to contribute to this off, 35 East 12th Street, N. Room 301. sion. Send your articles to A. News of Workers’ Schools success of the various movements, economic and political, depends on repre- sented in the mass organizations, and whether the Party is able through its membership within the organizations to carry through its ich can benefit the working class and all the oppressed toiling masses of the The struggle around the workers Insur- ance Bill demonstrated that our Party has been able to rally large The Party in- itiated the struggle for the bill and on the basis of a united front move- ment succeeded in mobilizing con- siderable sections of the A. F. of L. unions and other mass organizations move- ment, in order to widen the scope of the united front movement, it is essential that our Party members within the trade unions and other mass organizations have a clear un- derstanding of the political charac- ter of the tasks involved. It is not sufficient for our Party members to prove their loyalty, sincerity in the it is necessary for our members to become the leaders in a clear political understanding of the im- mediate struggles in which they take part and the ability to tie up these immediate struggles with the win- | ning over of the masses for the ie., for the seizure of power by the work- In addition, therefore, to the de- velopment of practical struggles, the theoretical training of our members of the masses must become a major task of The Party has at its for the political education of its members as well as masses of workers out- side of the Party ranks. This in- leafiets, pamphlets, shop papers, street and neighborhood papers, ‘the publica- tion of the basic works of Marx, Lenin, Stalin and other works on Marxism-Leninism; in the the Workers Schools and the system of inner in the first place, the Daily Worker, the considerable progress. The Daily Worker, as a mass paper, has improved both in content and appearance and is be- ent for the mobilization of the masses of But the circulation of the Daily Worker is still woefully small, The circula- should have been at this time at least 100,- Other agitationar and propagan- distic literature, shop papers, and problems relating to the Workers’ Schools, etc., will be discussed in We ask comrades, especially those in the discus- Mark- ¥. 6. THE POSITION OF NEGRO WOMEN they are the prominent leaders of the feminist movement in the U. 8. A., and the most active foes of labor | legislation for working class women.” Nowzdays there are many laws | discriminating against women—spe- cial code provisions making legal a lower vege rate for women doing equal work with men. The women | are “a reserve army of cheap labor | power.” But in the Soviet Union, the workers’ state has made it pos- sible for women to advance by “leaps and bounds.” What is the Position of the Communist Party | here towards the equality of women? How can women win complete} equality? “Women and Equality” tells how in & clear and simple analysis of the questions involved | in the problem of woman’s equality, “THE position of the Negro Women,” by Eugene Gordon and Cyril Briggs has compactly as- sembled some startling figures about the conditions of Negro women. It proves that “In a so- ciety based on production for profit, to be both a woman worker and a Negro is to suffer a double handi- cap.” The pamphlet depicts how during wartime, the migration of the Negro women from the plan- tations into industry was followed by treatment that took its cue from the feudal conditions existing for Negroes in the South. Grace Hutchins’ “What Every Working Woman Wants,” portrays, in a very personal way, the condi- tions and needs of every type of jobless woman. Relief, jobless and maternity insurance, the right to decide when she shall have chil- dren, must be fought for. “You are jobless,” she says, “you have watched the newspaper ads for jobs; you have watched the factory gates for that old sign: ‘Girls Wanted’ » You have lived on ‘relief.’ You have seen the gas and electric light tured off by the rich company that is making Workers Laboratory Theatre Reorganizes As Theatre of Action | The Workers’ Laboratory Theatre, one of the foremost workers the- atres in the country, and first to produce such plays as “Newsboy” and “Free Thaelmann,” has been reorganized on a full professional basis as the Theatre of Action and will begin rehearsals this week on two new revolutionary plays. It will be the first professional mobile theatre in the country. A number of prominent theatre people have expressed interest in the Theatre of Action and have agreed to serve on its Advisory Council. Among them are: Moss Hart, Lee Strassberg, George Sklar, Albert Maltz, John Henry Ham- mond, Jr., Paul Peters, Virgil Ged- des, Charles R. Walker. The council also includes Robert Forsythe, Ers- kine Caldwell, Edward Dahlberg, Alfred Kreymborg, William Browder. The Executive Board consists of John Howard Lawson, Herbert Kline, Charles Friedman, Al Saxe, Stephen Karnot, Leo Hurwitz, Jack Rennick, Sam Clark and Peter Martin. The plays in rehearsal are: “My Dear Co-Workers,” by Edward Dah. besg, and “The Young Go First,” by Peter Martin and George Scudder. The former deals with a depart- ment store strike and the latter with life in the C.C.C, camps. increased profits in this sixth year of the depression. You are one of more than 3,000,000 jobless women | in the United States.” Grace Hutchins tells why the job- less women must fight for H.R. 2827, the only bill providing maternity insurance, 'HE fourth pamphlet, ‘Women in | Action,” by Sasha Small, tells swiftly and vividly, the rising fight of the American working woman for by del | = BU 11'S ONLY BECHUS: Lefty AND PEANUTS PUT UP SucK @ SWELL FIGHT Invaluable Guides in Organizing Women | in Struggle | Negro and white women on the | picket line march through the pages | of Sasha Small’s pamphliet—the “Woman in Green,” the wives of striking San Francisco longshore- men, the miners’ wives of South- ern Illinois, the Seabrook, N. J., agricultural workers, led by a group of Negro women, all making bright pages of class history. Each of these pamphlets presents & program of struggle for the specific women’s needs dealt with in it. They could not be catalogued as either informational, agitational or organizational. They are all three. Particularly well written, | they will appeal to large groups of | women. Those actively involved in j organization will regard them as invaluable handbooks. These pam- phlets will certainly serve to stim- ulate the wider organization of | women, which, at this time, the| working women themselves 50) urgently demand. a Women and Equality, by Mar- | Baret Cowl .... in eee} |The Position of the Negro | Women, by Eugene Gordon and Cyril Briggs ..... What Every Working Woman her needs. On Writing and Selecting Plays for Workers By PAUL PETERS (Co-author of “Stevedore”) ITHIN the space of fifteen months, revolutionary drama has become so important on the New York stage that even the critic of the New York Times refers to it in a recent article as the outstand- ing new development in the Amer- ican Theater. In quick succession the Theatre Union has attracted wide audiences to its three plays, “Peace on Earth,” “Stevedore,” and “Sailors of Cattaro”; the Group Theatre has scored with its ringing | production of “Waiting for Lefty”; | and the Workers Laboratory Thea- ter has evolved brilliant new tech- niques in “Newsboy” and “Free Thaelman.” Despite these successes, the rev- olutionary theater is still in its in- fancy in America. infancy; it has an abundance of health, vigor, and promise; there are plenty of problems yet unsolved. These include the ever Pressing question of finances; for running a revolutionary theater in @ Capitalist society, at workers’ prices, without the aid of “angels” or bankers, is a backbreaking job. | To the Theater Union, America’s pioneer professional workers thea- | ter, the problem that still remains the important and the most diff- cult of all, however, is the problem of getting good revolutionary plays. In the bourgeois theater a clever technical trick, elaborate scenery, fine clothes, or a brilliant piece of | acting may put a play across. But in the working-class theater the first consideration must always be | the content of the play itself. a: *. . . 1 ate Theater Union has learned that its worker audiences insist above all things on a line of action that is clear, sharp, and outspoken. They demand that a play present the class struggle in simple, bold, unmistakable terms; that it offer a militant solution to this struggle. “This does not mean that a play may be a piece of crude craftsman- ship. It does not mean that a pro- duction may be slipshod and stale. The highest artistic effort must go hand in hand with political clarity. The Executive Board of the Thea- ter Union, which passes finally on submitted scripts, doos not believe that good plays are written by com- mittees. It believes in giving free Play to the talent of the individual author. But neither does it hold any “art for art’s sake” theories about the sacredness of a script. Frequently it demands that exten- sive changes be made to fit the needs of its mass audience. For this purpose it has worked out a method of collective criticism and revision which is partly responsible for the success of its three plays. “Peace on Earth,” “Stevedore,” and “Sailors of Cattaro” were each rewritten with the aid of such sug- gestions. “Stevedore,” for instance, was revised three times until it was as clear and direct as the authors, Sales Tax Boost Looms PHOENIX, Ariz., Feb, 26—In- crease of the state sales tax is sche- | duled by the State Legislature of Arizona which is now in session, | aided by collective advice from the board’s “playwriting committee,” could make it. Similarly the new coal mining play by Albert Maltz was worked over again and again. Revision will not be complete until the play is protuced on March 20, It is a lusty | but | | Wants, by Grace Hutchins... 3¢ Women in Action, by Sasha Small | 136 | —| | following the withdrawal of “Sailors of Cattaro” on March 2. J. O. and |Loretto Bailey of North Carolina, | submitted a textile play which con- | tained excellent material on the life of Ella May Wiggins and the Gas- tonia strike; but it lacked a hard | and sharp militancy. At the invi- tation of the board Mrs. Bailey | spent several months in New York | in constant or revisions. “Strike Song” has now been signed for pro- | duction next season, ae IN OFFERING suggestions for) \4 adapting plays to the needs of its| |audience the Theatre Union some- |times encounters playwrights tem- |peramentally incapable of wiisaed work. A few of them have been s0| individualistic in their reactions, have held on so tightly to every line and word of their scripts, that their |plays had to be returned to them.) |In some cases these plays contained | | fine basic material, good characters, brilliant scenes. But one or two| scenes don’t make a play. | The problem of choosing a play | is so important that the Theatre | Union spends weeks discussing every | potential script. The first consider- | | ation is always: of what value will) this play be to the workers who) nightly crowd into the Civic Reper- | tory Theatre? | Revising plays for a worker audi- | ence does not mean that each one | imust be cut to fit a hard and fast | | pattern, The Theatre Union is not \looking for stencil-made plays. It | attempts to cover a wide variety of | subjects. It attempts to find fresh | approaches in treatments, character | and form. “Peace on Earth,” for in- | stance, reflecting the growing align- | ment of intellectuals with man- | ual workers. Its technique was im- | pressionistic. “Stevedore,” with its \eall for unity between black and | | white labor in the South, was writ- | ten in terms of what is now known | }as “socialist realism.” “Sailors of | | Cattaro,” following with minute his- | | torical accuracy the incidents of the | |1917 mutiny in the Austrian fleet, | | presents a problem in revolutionary | tactics. | * * * | ; ies two new plays acquired by the |4 Theatre Union branch into new |fields. Albert Maltz’ “Black Pit” is | a study of the mind of a blacklisted | worker face to face with the cor- | rupting influences of feudal capital-_ |ism in the West Virginia coal coun- | try. In essence it is the old psycho- | | logical play, given new meaning and | stature when applied to a working class issue. “Strike Song” springs |from the fanffliar mountaineer folk | play. | There is no doubt that the sic- | cess of the Theatre Union and the | Workers Laboratory Theatre has | left an imprint upon the minds of | the young playwrights in America. Within a year 250 scripts dealing with working class subjects have been submitted to the Theatre Union alone. A rare few of these show any talent whatever. Of these few only a tiny percentage know} anything about. workers, unions. or |the forces at work in society today. |The Theatre Union advises them to | |hop into the class struggle and) jlearn. Out of these young writers | will some day come the red Shake- speares, Molieres and Schillers of America, ‘Questions and Answers Leibowitz and the Scottsboro Defense Question: In view of Attorney Leibowitz’ recent actions against the Scottsboro boys, why did the International Labor Defense permit him to par- vicipate in the arguments before the United States Supreme Court?—N. E. Answer: On Oct. 4, 1934, Attorney Leibowita first announced that he had been retained by Hays wood Patterson, Clarence Norris, and all the Scotts- boro mott to conduct the Scottsboro appeals, to the exclusion of the International Labor Defense and its attorneys. The I. L. D. issued a statement, which the Daily Worker published, declaring that it would not permit a controversy to interfere with its main aim of serving the best interests of the Scottsboro boys. If Leibowitz’s statement was true, the I. L. D. would make available to him the neces- Sary papers to conduct the appeal. Soon after, upon investigation of the circum- stances and basis of Leibowitz’ announcement, it Both boys, and all the mothers, repudiated Lefbowitz and his statements, re-affiming their faith in the I. L. D., and signing new retainers for the attorneys re- tained by the I. L. D, These retainers were pub- lished in the Daily Worker during the month of | October, as were detailed stories by the mothers of and the boys had previously been tricked into rey ion of the I. L. D. Meanwhile, Leibowitz, seeking fame at the ex= pense of the boys, aided by the Negro reformists, seeking to stem the mass movement of the Negro people around the case, launched an attack upon the I. L. D. They set up a so-called “American Scottsboro Committee,” as a basis for their attempt to split and divide the Scottsboro defense movement. The pressure on the boys was redoubled to make them repudiate the I. L. D. This could have had no other effect than to weaken their defense. They were tortured, threatened, and beaten by the guards. Finally, three weeks before the U. 8. Supreme Gourt hearing, Leibowitz came forward with a re- tainer signed by Clarence Norris. He filed a mo- tion in the U. S. Supreme Court to substitute him- self and George W. Chamlee for Walter H. Pollak and Osmond K. Fraenkel as attorneys of record in the Norris case. With the hearing coming on at any time. the first task of the I. L. D. was to make sure that the Policies which have saved the boys for four years were carried out in the presentation of the appeals of Patterson and Norris before the Supreme Court. It had to defeat the attempts of the reformists and other enemies of the boys to separate their cases and divide the defense, With this one aim in view, and carrying out its policy of putting above everything the defense of the Scottsboro boys, which symbolizes the fight for the rights of the Negro people, the I. L. D. undertook to work for a presentation of the argu- ment which would not separate the cases. Such an eventuality would have played directly into the hands of Lieut.-Gov. Knight of Alabama. The reformists had already been busily at work trying to find excuses for the lynchers in their efforts to send Patterson to the electric chair, The briefs on the constitutional law involved were prepared and written by the I. L. D. attorneys, authorities on the subject. They raised the basic questions of the constitutional rights of Negroes to serve on juries. The names of Leibowitz and Chamlee were merely substituted on the cover of the Norris appeal. The argument before the court, in which Leibo- witz presented the facts ‘and Pollak argued the law, was along the lines of policy laid down by the I. L. D. from the beginning of the case. It was based on the evidence of unconstitutionality as de- veloped under the direction of the I. L. D. in the trials of the boys. Under these circumstances, the joint argument of the Patterson and Norris cases, on the basis of I. L. D. principles, by Pollak and Leibowitz must be regarded as a distinct achievement in the fight for the lives and freedom of the Scottsboro boys. In the United States Supreme Court, as in Alabama trial court, Leibowitz, like Pollak, was obliged to follow the lines and policies of the I. L. D. Prosperity Notes By HARRY KERMIT BROOKLYN.—Debi-weary and faced with the Joss of her sole tangible possession, Mrs. Clara Schlupp, 56, a widow, ended her life here by leap- ing to the street from the third floor of her home at 127 Hancock Street. Death was instantaneous. Mortgage foreclosure proceedings had been started on the rooming house which Mrs. Schlupp conducted at the Hancock Street address. Neighbors told the police she had attemptéd suicide twice before in the past two years becatise of financial worries. On these occasions she turned on the gas in an effort to solve her troubles, Each time her attempts was frustrated. Detectives in- vestigating the case learned she had conducted her establishment for the past thirty-six years and had managed to eke out a living until the depression. TUNING IN Russian Radio Hour Radio fans who love Russian music will be interested to know that TORGSIN starts its Russian hour on station ‘WMCA, with “Melodies of New Russia,” every Wednesday eve- ing, from 7:45 to 8 p.m. 00 =P.M.-WEAF—The Thir- | ty-Hour Week—Representa- tive Hugo L. Black | WOR—Sports Resume—Jack | | WABC-—Lily Pons, Soprano; Kostelanetz Orch.; Mixed Chorus 9:30-WOR—Dance Orch. WJZ—John Charles Thomas, Baritone; Concert Orch. WABC—George Burns and Gracie Allen, Comedians 10:00-WEAF—Lombardo Orch, Ricardo Cortez, Narrator WOR—To be announced WJZ—Hollywood—Jimmy Fidler WABC—Peter Pfeixer— Sketch, with Jack Pearl; Rich Orch. 10:15-WOR—Current Evehts— H, E. 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WOR-—Variety Musicale WJZ—Lanny Ross, Tenor WABC—Everett Marshall, | Baritone; Elizabeth Len- | nox, Contraito; Mixed | Chorus; Arden Orch. 9:00-WEAF—Fred Allen. Comedian; Hayton Ore; | | | WOR—Moonbeams Trio 11:30-WEAF—Dance Musie (Also. WOR, WABC) 11:45-WABC—The Bonus Situs ation—Frank N. Belgrano, dr. National Commander, Amateur Revue American Legion ™ WOR—Hillbilly Music 12:00-WJZ—Dance Music ~ (T® WJZ—20,000 Years in Sing 1:00 AM.) Sing—Sketch, with Warden Lawes \ ‘2 adiicadatan WABO—Dance Music (Te 1:30 AM)