The Daily Worker Newspaper, January 10, 1935, Page 5

-_ MICHAEL GOLD N Flemington, N. J., Bruno Hauptmann is being tried for the murder of the child of Colonel Lindbergh. Justice is being tested, as the news- papers say, in that small Jersey farm town. The air is full of righteous indignation. The news- papers, the news-reels, the magazines, the radio, are suddenly attacked with a veritable vertigo of justice. Everybody has become the apostle, the warrior, and the defender of justice. But there is another crime which no newspaper has reported. A child was murdered in Jackson- ville, Florida, a three year old child, and no editor has gone running to the copy desk with a fiaming editorial calling for the death of the murderer. It was not a spectacular crime. There was no ransom of fifty thousand dollars demanded. There were no wealthy celebrated parents weeping in the spotlight. There were no hordes of reporters scrib- bling down the mother’s tearful words. There were no diagrams of the scene of the murder. No photos of the instruments which killed him. No close-up of the killer's shifty eyes. No evidence and no in- dictment. No detectives and no go-betweens. The crime was committed in open daylight. The murderer was known. The justice of the peace was in on it, The police shrugged their shoulders. Eddie Lewis, three years old was killed, murdered, and the murderer was never brought to trial. ee ey Eddie Lewis IDDIE LEWIS was killed the morning of Decem- ber 13, 1934. He was three years old. His parents were poor Negro workers of Orange Park, Florida. ‘They were unknown people, who had never. done espectacular deeds, flown oceans or married colonels, All their life long they had toiled obscurely for the benefit and comfort of others. They rode in jim- crow cars in Orange Park. They had a difficult time meeting the rent each month. They never knew when the jobs they had would end. They never knew what tomorrow held for them—what hungers, or miseries. Mrs. Lewis worked six days a week caring for the child of a wealthy white man. She was free to tend to her own child, three year old Eddie, only one day a week, Wednesday. The rest of the time Eddie had to take care of his own three years without his mother’s help. On Monday evening Eddie got sick. Tuesday evening he was much worse, feverish, and trembling. But his mother had to leave him to take care of the wealthy white man’s child. ‘Wednesday morning he could barely lift his head. There was only one doctor-in Orange Park and he was away. The parents, the grandparents and the relatives did not know what to do. There was a hospital in Jacksonville. But they were too poor to have a car. There was no way of getting the sick child to the hospital. ‘The hours went by. Finally, at one thirty that afternoon, a white man to whom the grandfather appealed took Eddie to Jacksonville in his gar. They drove to a Negro doctor. He blamed the mother for neglecting the child, for not giving him medical attention sooner, charged her two dollars, and handed her a note saying that he had ex- amined the boy and found him suffering from ap- pendicitis. By this time Eddie’s eyes were shut, he breathed faintiy, there seemed no life left in him at all. A has The Murder of Eddie Lewis 'VERYBODY got back into the car and began to drive to the Duval County Hospital. On the way they stopped at St. Luke’s Hospital. They carried the quiet, dying body of the boy wrapped in an old blanket. But the attendant refused to admit Eddie into St. Luke’s Hospital. It did not matter that the boy was dying. The mother’s pleas meant nothing. St. Luke’s Hospital cures only the whites. They do not take Negroes, not even dying Negro children. They drove on, to the Duval County Hospital. There the boy was carried into a ward, the doctor's note read. But then the attendants discovered that little Eddie Lewis came from Clay County. Clay County was outside the hospital's limits. They took care of only Duval County. Orange Park, where Eddie Lewis came from, was just two miles outside the Duval County line. But the two miles wére fatal. Duval County refused to help dying Eddie Lewis. He could not be treated in Duval County Hospital—it was two miles this side of the Clay County line. For two hours they pleaded, and then drove away. Now one could hardly hear the breath from the little boy. He was as still and as cold as one dead. They came at last to Brewster, a Jimcrow hos- pital in Jacksonville. Here they refused to examine Eddie, or give him a bed, until the white man had sworn to them that all the hospital bills would be paid. When they were assured that their money was safe, the doctor examined the boy. Now he disagreed with the diagnosis of the Negro doctor. The small body lay there quietly, coldly in the bed. It was too late. The new diagnosis was not appen- dicitis—but death. Little Eddie Lewis never awoke to know that at last he had been vermitted to enter ® hospital. He never learned why he died. He was murdered. Catt geet Eddie Lewis Shall Judge oo he was dead, after the white race-hatred of the boss class had killed him, after he was slain by the hospitals, there was no trial in Jack- sonville. Neither in Clay County nor in Duval County. There were no reporters sent down by the metropolitan press to write the story of the murder of Eddie Lewis. Was Duval County Hospital charged with his death? Then one should indict, not the hospital authorities alone, but the whole class who were accomplices in the murder of Eddie Lewis. The white bourbons, the plantation owners, the factory owners of the South. These are the ones who are responsible for the murder of Eddie Lewis. They killed him. They murdered Eddie Lewis as surely as though they had smothered him in a dark woods, or slain him in a secret house off some un- frequented road. Today they are trying Bruno Hauptmann for the murder of a rich man’s son. But someday Eddie Lewis’ murder will also be avenged. Someday the criminals will be brought to trial for the murders and crimes they have committed against millions of obscure and unknown workers. On that day, when the murderers, the class which Tules America, will stand trial, Eddie Lewis Will wear | the authority of a judge. He will sit high with those others who will be there to judge and pass out sen- tence on the criminals. He will sit and preside with Sacco and Vanzetti, with Harry Simms, with Claude Neal, with the host of others unknown and nameless Who have been murdered by the ruling class. And among their voices, the voice of Eddie Lewis will hot be least. UNCLE JOHN HAS BEEN ELECTED BY HIS WORKERS EX- SERVICEMENS LERGDE POST “0 BE A DELEGATE ~1o HE N&TIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT CONGRESS i WOULD be A MARVELOUS EDUCRTION FOR, LEY LEFTY co TO WASHINGTON A wrth you 7? | Sou Sav nor! THAT 1 Ml Scores Degeneracy Of Current Movies | FILM. FRONT, January 7th, 1935 Vol. 1, No. 2, 17 pp. 5 cents. } Reviewed by | | BILL FORSHAW |[ILM FRONT, the new film magazine published by the Film| |and Photo League, occupies an im- portant place in _ revolutionary literature. This is no “movie magazine” of the sexy, bourgeois, | genre (not one word about Fay Wray’s latr™ diet or boy friend ap- | pears here) it is rather a straight- |forward discussion of the latest cinema developments and_ their social implications, and the kind we, who are interested in the film as a |tool of patient explanation, would |like to see encouraged. To my | knowledge, it is the only publication | | devoted entirely to a revolutionary | ‘interpretation of the current | movies. | |. The second issue which appeared last week is up to the standard of | |the first, and in many ways sur- | | passes it, first because it has a | better-looking cover, and secondly, the writers on the staff seem more confident of themseives. une Dziga | Vertov article on the “Kino Eye” | }is quite a scoop and lends much | Prestige to the current number. However, in the introductory note no | mention is made of the fact that | Vertov directed “Three Songs about | | Lenin.” | This publication fulfills a definite | need in the revolutionary movement | by reviewing movies of interest al- |most immediately upon their release, |and the importance of this fact | cannot be stressed too much. Es- | pecially is this true in the case of |“The President Vanishes,” a vicious | | and uncompromising piece of dem- | | agogy praised by millions all over the country (this picture practically | {caused another so-called “red scare” last week when the metro- | | politan press reported an attempt |on the part of Communists to kidnap the president.) The exposure of this picture comes as a much needed | antidote to the vermin-infested lies which the movie-going public is forced to swallow these days. Yes, | we are having our say cinematically, jand “Film Front” is saying it! | D. Platt's article “Hands Across the Continent’ is important and | Prophetic in the light of the news that Roosevelt is going to spank his | | little darlings, the movie magnates, | by looking into monopolies in St. | Louis. ‘The discussion of workers films by | )Ed Kennedy is good despite the in- | | treduction into the article of some | irrelevant material about the filming |of “Sheriffed.” The resume of “Workers on the Waterfront” (an | excellent film done by the League) is | | one of the simplest and clearest ex- | | planations of the documentary film |I have ever read. There are many | other fine features, including a de- | partment which prints pearls from | |the mouths of movie favorites. | | Might I suggest to the editors, how- | ever, that they include a table of contents in the next issue and omit | the offensive title decorations? “Film Front” should be in the hands of everyone interested in the movie as an effective revolution- ary weapon—no, more than that, so vastly entertaining is it, I re- commend it to every movie-goer. | TUNING IN 7:00-WEAF—Press-Radio News we rts Resume—Stan Lomax WJZ—Amos 'n’ Andy—Sketch WABC—Myrt and Marge—Sketch 05-WEAF—Himber Orch. WEAF—Talk—J. B. Kennedy WOR—Lum and Abner—Sketch WJZ—Concert_ Orch, WABO—Just Plain Bill—Sketeh 1:30-WEAP—Minstrel Show WOR—Jack Arthur, Baritone WABC—Nick Lucas, Songs 1:45-WOR—Comedy; Music WJZ—Shirley Howard, Songs | ‘WABC—Boake Carter, Commentator 8:00-WEAF—Vallee’s. Varieties WOR—Little Symphony Orch., Philip James, Con.; Erva Giles, Soprano WJZ—Dramatic Sketch WABC—Spitainy Ensemble 8:30-WJZ—Charles Sears, Tenor; Ruth Lyon, Soprano WABC—Johnson Orch.; Edward Nell, Baritone; Bdwin C. Hill, Nar- rator 9:00-WEAF—Capt. Henry's Show Bost WOR—Hillbilly Music WJZ—Death Valley Days—Sketch WABC—Gray Orch.; Annette Han- shaw, Songs; Walter O'Keefe $:30-WOR—To Be Announced WIZ—Mixed Octet; Cyril Pitts, Tenor; Robert Childe, Piano; Larry Larsen, Organ; Joan Blaine Oreh. WABC— 9:45-WOR—Al and Lee Reiser, Piano 10:00-WEAF—Whiteman’s Music Hall; Helen Jepson, Soprano; and others WOR—Channing Choir WJZ—Melodic Strings 10:15-WOR—Current Events—H. E. Read 10:30-WOR—Kemp Orch. WJZ—The Thirty-Hour Week—Har- old G. Moulton, president Brook- ings Institution; Felix Morley, ed- itor Washington Post WABC—Stevens Orch. 10:45-WABC—Voice of the Crusader 11:00-WEAF—Denny Orch. News Wanted: May, 1931, Issue of ‘‘Fortune” The Daily Worker is urgently in need of the May, 1931 issue of “Fortune.” Will any reader willing to contribute this issue please communicate with Feature Editor, Daily Worker, 50 E. 13th St., New York, ‘ By DAVID PLATT UT of the Soviet Union comes a film which has been heralded by Pravda, the Association of Revolu- tionary Film Directors, Moscow News, Eisenstein, Pudovkin, Doy- jenko, Voroshilov, Budyonny and the 750,000 Moscow spectators who saw the film in its first ten days, as a landmark in Soviet film his- tory. It is called “Chapayev” and deals with the Civil War in 1919 in gen- eral, and with the courageous leader of ne of the Partisan Bands of that time, the remarkable Chapa- yev, in particular. The release of the picture was timed with the 15th Anniversary of the “disaster which overtook Chapayev and cut short the brilliant career of one of the most popular and colorful of the early Red Army commanders.” “Not since “The Road to Life’,” writes Moscow News, “has a film aroused such enthusiasm among Soviet audiences as ‘Chapayev’ is evoking in the seventeen Moscow cinemas where it is now on view. Despite the number of simultaneous | ment of entering the theatre until payev LISTEN MARY 1 ONLY WISH DAHLY WORKER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 1935 On to the Congress! HAD KNOWN SOME OF THE “THINGS “THAT LEFTY NOW HAS A CHANCE TO LERAN / 1 SRY Nou OuGut 0 LET HIM 2 Go! New Film Magazine Remarkable New Soviet Film | ~ To Open at Cameo Saturday OKAN IF You “thanxs Po? | HONEST I'LL LOVE Ya FoR ) SAN AND NE | Se | | A scene from the thrilling Soviet film, Chapayev, hailed by Pravda | | as a landmark in Soviet film history. | shattering attendance rec- showings, it is impossible to obtain | the last ray of light from the pro-| ords long held by New York! tickets anywere unless you go well | jection booth, there was the kind of | £ * he in advance.” The American premiere of the film takes place this Saturday at the Cameo Theatre, 42nd Street and Broadway. “‘Chapayev’,” comments Pravda, “strengthens and multiplies the in- visible ties between the Party and the masses, eloquently and convinc- ing demonstrating the organizing role of the Party and showing how the Party wins over the masses and directs them along the path of rev- olution and victory! “The entire country will see the picture. Hundreds of copies will be made ior the sound screens. Silent versions will also be made, so that ‘Chapayev’ can be shown in every corner of the enormous land—in the cities, the villages, the collective farms, the hamlets, the barrack: the clubs and in the open squares,’ Pa age | usar a Soviet film opening is in the lives of Soviet workers. But no film has ever received the recep- tion of “Chapayev.” From the mo-| Moscow citizens had viewed “Cha- | this glorious road.” The Daily Worker is printing serially the extremely valuable and popular booklet !y R. Palme Dutt, “Life and Teachings of V. I. Lenin,” published by Interna- tional Publishers. January 21 will be the eleventh anniversary of the death of Lenin. | During these ten years the teach- ings of Lenin have spread to ever wider sections of the globe, inspir- ing the workers and oppressed to greater assaults on capitalism. The Daily Worker considers it a great service to its readers to be able to present this clear and ex- cellent portrayal of the life and teachings of the great leader of the working class, V, I. Lenin, ts eee CHAPTER It. The Life of Lenin VI. W eae measure of the workers’ sub- scriptions to the Bolshevik daily, Pravda, began in 1912, in contrast to those to the Menshevik organ (in effect, the only legal and con- trollable measure of relative mem- bership) showed the same pic- ture: the Bolsheviks by 1914 united 80 per cent of the class-conscious workers, the Mensheviks only 20 per cent. From 1912 to 1914 Lenin led the growing fight from close to the Russian border, in Galicia. On the eve of the war in 1914, the signs of revolution were close; a widespread strike movement was culminating in barricades in the streets of Peters- burg. The imperialist war was able for the moment to turn back the steam, only to give it enormously eee force when it returned in 1917, The World War and Revolutionary Internationalism 'HE World War of 1914-1918 was the turning point which showed that capitalism had entered into the period of violent crisis and break-up, and that the hour had sounded for the world socialist reyo- lution to begin, The world socialist revolution be- gan in 1917 at the weakest point in the chain of imperialism, Russia, and under the leadership of the most advanced and strongest revo- lutionary socialist party, the Bolshe- vik Party, led by Lenin. This was the center point and turning point in Lenin’s life, and the center point and turning point in modern history. The Socialist International in its resolutions had long clearly fore- seen this approaching crisis of war, and its significance as the starting | response that only great cinema can draw out of the great masses, | Pravda, in its editorial on “Cha- | payev” pointed out how infinitely important films of this type could be in widening the meager knowl- | edge of the youth of the Union as | to Russia's past. In “Chapayev” the | “Party has been given a new and powerful aid in the class education jot the young people. They see the enemy with their own eyes and | hate him all the more. Hatred for the enemy, together with the pious homage paid to the heroic niemory |of the fighters who fell for the Rev- | olution, acquires the same strength as passionate love for the Socialist | fatherland.” | The picture was seen by Mi- |khailov, of the Chapayev Division, jand he said: “What is the impor- tant thing for us in this picture? |r is the emotion that I experienced | ier! Eisenstein (no small master | himself) can say, of this film! which was directed by the brothers Vasilyev that: it “succeeds in achiev- jing unforgettable portrayals of liv- | ing human beings and in presenting jan unforgettable picture of the| | epoch.” | | “It is my belief,” he adds, “that the appearance of Chapayev puts jan end to the’ conflict of different |Stages in our cinema. Chronologi- cally, Chapayev ushers in the fourth five-year period of Soviet cine- matography. It also inaugurates a/| |new orientation. The appearance | |of ‘Chapayev’ marks the inaugura- tion of an era of great synthesis. | An era which incorporates all the | | Previous achievements, in all the, | uncompromising purity of their | sterling quality, and puts them en- tirely at the disposal of millions of | humanity, instilling them with a/ ABOVE “THE DIN AND COT HEARD * ALL ABORRO/ AND LEFTY HEART POUNDS “OTHE RY THM OF WHEELS AS ~THEATRAIN SCOWLY | | | | | Reviewed by So on FRIDAY Jan. 4th LEFTY UNCLE JOHN HOP ON “THE SPECIAL “TRAIN BEARING BOO»! ne ION 1S W YORK DELEGATE: ie Ne “asuinsy6n | Fascist and War Plans Exposed in League Organ FIGHT AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM, published monthly by tne American League Against War and Fascism, 112 F. 19th St N. Y. C., January issue, 5 cents. LEO WARNE | prevent Congress from voting an additional war preparations budget; to forestall swiftly rising Fascist attacks upon the working class, the January issue of Fight declares in an editorial strikingly illustrated by a chart which shows the latest U. S. War Budget, the number of unemployed, how many Negroes were lynched in 1934, the number of strikers killed during the past year, and how many work- ers went out on strike up to Oc- tober: “1935 will be what we, the com- mon people make it—and we can make it a year without War or Fascism, a year of plenty and hap- piness—if we organize and fight for our rights.” Tersely worded, and to the point the editorial is characteristic of this magazine which in the fourteen months of its existence has reached into the homes of thousands of workers, farmers, and intellectuals, into the churches, C.C.C. barracks, schools and clubs. And it is a magazine for all these people. While it is not strictly speaking a news magazine, it keeps abreast of the most outstanding Fascist on- slaughts and the ever increasing preparations being made by the War lords. Its articles and short stories tell, in a clear cut and thoroughly readable manner, what is happening to the steel worker, the farmer, the youth in the C. C. C. camps, the experiences of a conscientious ob- jector who was imprisoned in Lea- venworth during the last War, and the conditions of women in the factories. “Soldiers in Woods” by James Lerner exnoses the real nature of the CCC camps. While more than 300,000 young fellows were enlisted in these camps supposedly to keep them from starving, Lerner points as I watched it, that enthusiasm | new fountain of energy for gigantic | Out that these camps are but the always a considerable happening | which it imparts to you, the polit- | struggles, heroic achievements and/| first step in the compulsory mili- jical message it conveys.” After three weeks, three milllion Life and Teachings of Lenin By R. PALME DUTT point of revolution, and had ex- Plicitly laid down in binding and unanimous decisions the duty of all Socialist parties in this situation. The resolution of the International Socialist Congress at Stuttgart in 1907, repeated at Copenhagen in 1910, and at Basle in 1912, declared: “If war threatens to break out, it is the duty of the working class in the countries concerned, and of their parliamentary representa- tives, supported by the coordinat- ing activity of the International Socialist Bureau, to cxert every war by all the means which seem to them most appropriate, having regard to the sharpness of the class war and of the general po- litioal situation. “Should war none the less break out, their duty is to intervene to bring it promptly to an end, and with all their energies to strive to utilize the economic and political crisis created by the war in order to arouse the masses and thereby to hasten the overthrow of capi- talist class rule.” Pe Ne ‘HE Basle resolution of 1912 fur- ther strengthened this declara- tion by direct references to the Commune as the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War, and to the First Russian Revolution as the out- come of the Russo-Japanese War. This most important decision of the old pre-war International, the the task of Socialists in the event of war, which became the guiding line of all revolutionary Socialists during the War, had, in fact, been drafted by Lenin and Rosa Luxem- burg and submitted by the 'tter. as mandated representative of the \ effert to prevent the outbreak of | above-quoted explicit declaration of the “Tasks of Revolutionary Social- jcreative activity. The victory of| |‘Chapayev’ is our first victory on} | Russian Bolshevik Party, originally | | as an amendment to the resolution on war. | | It was unanimously adopted by all | parties, including the British Labor Party. Through this decision Lenin was already, through the forms of the old Second International, exer-| cising his leadership throughout the | ranks of international socialism in every country in the world, when the crisis came, although many who were following his lead did not yet | know his name or the authorship of the lead they were following. he eee HEN the test of war came in| 1914, and the need to translate | | the resolution into action, the Second | International collapsed. The ma- jority of the Socialist parties of the| leading countries were rotten with | opportunism, legalism and adapta- | tion to the capitalist regime; their leadership had long ceased in prac- tice to be revolutionary. The war brought this into the open. The leadership of the British,) French, German, Belgian and Aus- trian parties passed over openly to the side of the imperialist govern- ments, voted the war credits, called | on the workers to slaughter one another, and entered into coalition war governments. Only the Russian and Serbian parties stood by the line of inter- national socialism and carried out} their pledges without flinching. The} Bolshevik deputies in the Duma voted against the war credits and were deported to Siberia. In De- cember, 1914, Liebknecht voted against the war credits in Germany. | The Bolsheviks and the Liebknecht- Luxemburg group in Germany be- came the leadership for the rebuild- ing of international socialism. | eS 8 ENIN was the first and only leader | of international socialism to face at the outset the full consequences of this collapse and to draw the! practical conclusions of the line to follow, At the outbreak of the war he was in Austria, and was thrown in prison by the Austrian govern- ment. Liberated after a fortnight, | he made his way to Switzerland, and | from there carried on his agitation until the revolution in Russia in 1917. | By the beginning of September, 1914, he had written his theses on Democracy in the European War.” (V. I. Lenin, “The Imperialist War.” Collected Works, Vol. XVIII, Inter- national Publishers, pp. 61-64) which | already contained his complete line. | Southerner tary training of all youth for the next war, OCTET ite 'WO especially meaty and inter- | esting articles are “Women Who | | Work,” by Jean Lyon, and “Farm | and Trench,” by Paul Morris. The discrimination against women work- ers, actually authorized by some N. R. A. codes, brings home, when compared by Miss Lyons with dis- | crimination against women in Nazi Germany, what may be in store for the women of this country should | a Fascist regime be established here. Morris relates the story of the farmers’ disillusionment with “Wartime prosperity.” In telling | facts and figures he describes the | wretchedness and misery of the farmers while a handful of capital- ists reaped uncounted millions in war profits, “Things are picking up for the laundries in Dixie. ... The Klu Klux Klan heroes are getting out | their sheets again,” says Hamilton | Basso, author of “Beauregard,” “Cinnamon Seed,” etc. Basso is a and knows what a) reign of terrorism the radical, the | Negro, the Catholic worker and the | Jew are in for if the Klan is al- lowed to go ahead with its reor-| ganization. In his short, racy! article, “Sheets Will Be Worn,” which is packed tight with evidence j of the Klan’s rebirth and its pres- | ent activities, he gives a vivid and | gripping description of a maniacal Southern lynching which he wit- nessed as a boy. | The three excerpts from Morris | Kamman’s recently completed novel, | “War Comes Again,” stirringly de- pict the experiences of a conscien- tious objector imprisoned in Leaven- worth during the World War. I} gather from the parts of Kamman’s | novel which are published in Fight | that the author, on the basis of his | own experience, came to the con-| clusion that just being a conscien- tious objector and refusing to go to the front won't do very much to | prevent or abolish war, and the! only real effective means of fight- ing against war is to fight for the overthrow of the system which | breeds it, capitalism. Pointing out | that these conclusions are the author's, the editor of Fight invites discussion on this important arg see | NOTHER feature of the current | issue of Fight is a history of | the “Protocols of Zion,” by Leon) Dennen. These forgeries, which have been used time and again in vicious attacks upon the Jewish race, are being circulated by the thousands in this country today. | Dennen traces the history of these infamous documents from their “Discovery” to their .use by Hitler in his present assault upon the Jews. j Fight is perhaps the most dis- | tinetive looking of all the American | militant periodicals. The ini contrast of black and white in its well balanced pages makes for an arresting simplicity in format. This | issue includes drawings and photos | (To be continued), _ i, etna by Gropper. Bourke-White, Pass, Quirt and Limbach, Questions and Answers This department appears daily on the feature page. All questions showid be addressed to “Ques- tions and Answers,” c/o Daily Worker, 56 East 13th Street, New York City. Question: Is it true that the average monthly relief benefit in the United States is $28 a month, as Relief Administrator Harry L. Hopkins claims? D. W. Answer: At the present time the administration is spending less than $120,000,000 a month for the relief needs of almost 20,000,000 men, women, and children. This means that on the average about six dollars a month is given per person. But ace tually few families receive that much per person. Those families on home relief receive as little as eight or ten dollars per month in some southern states. For the average family of five this amounts to about forty cents a week per person. Families on work relief used to average $28 a month or about $1.40 per person a week. This pitifully small sum has now been cut by the ad- ministration order reducing wages below the mini- mum of thirty cents an hour. Of course, the figures cited above are average figures, and in some cases the level of relief is somewhat higher. It is never, however, high enough to sustain a family on any- thing except a poverty level. It must be emphasized that this relief, inade- quate as it is, is given only to a fraction of the unemployed and their families. It is a safe estimate that more than haif of the unemployed and their dependents who are in great need do not receive any relief at all . . . Question: Why do Communists call for demonstra- tions? They result in workers being injured and thrown into jail, Wouldn't it be better to save the money snent on defense cases and utilize it instead on furthering the revolutionary movement? NEWCOMER. Answer: In capitalist society there is a constant struggle going on between the capitalists backed up by the force of the capitalist state and the work- ing class. The only way that the workers ever win concessions from the ruling class is through mass struggle. Neither persuasion nor logic will make an employer or a capitalist government grant benefits to the toiling. masses. One of the forms of this struggle against the ruling class is mass demonstration or mass protest. The effectiveness of this form of struggle can be gauged from the history of the past few years in the united States. Mass protest and demonstration won relief demands; stopped foreclosures and evic- tions; and helped free many political prisoners, notably, Dimitroff. While demonstrations are not the only form of struggle, their role in the class struggle is very important. There is nothing the bourgeoisie fear so much as the mass exposure of their policies through the organized protest of the working class. You speak of injuries to workers. But the only way to stop brutal attacks and all capitalist op- pression is through mass actions. If the workers were to meekly submit to every capitalist outrage, they would place themselves completely at the tender mercies of the police and thugs. It is mass action and protest that make the capitalists hesitate to attack the workers and their representatives, The best way to stop ruling class terror and the most effective way of defending the workers against op- pression is through greater and greater mass pres- sure, and not through a non-resistance that would hand the workers over to the capitalists. Con- sequently there is no Ketter way of furthering the revolutionary movement than by actively particip- ating in workers’ defense cases. In these struggles the workers learn the value of organized action, and receive valuable lessons in the strategy of fighting the ruling class and its instrument of oppression—the capitalist state January Communist Starts 7th Congress Discussion The January issue of “The Communist’ is « Lenin Memorial Issue, containing articles for the eleventh anniversary of Lenin’s death. In this issue begins the discussion of questions on the agenda for the Seventh Congress of the Commu- nist International. There are also materials on the assassination of Kirov, an article on the National Congress for Unemployment and Social Insurance, and an article on the economic crisis. The full contents are as follows: Sergei Mironovitch Kirov. For Leninism—For a Soviet America! by Alex Bittelman. The Military Program of the Proletarian Revolu- tion, by V. I. Lenin. The National Congress for Unemployment and Social Insurance—And After, by I. Amter. ~ Sharpen the Fight for the Central Slogan of the World Communist Party — Soviet Power! by Max Young (7th Congress discussion article). Some Problems of the Class Struggle in the South, by Nat Ross (7th Congress discussion ar- ticle). The Three Basic Slogans of the Party on the Peasant Question, by Joseph Stalin. Notes on the Economie Crisis, by Labor Research Association. Forging the Weapon of the Proletarian Revolu- tion—a review of the Collectéd Works of V. I. Lenin, by H. M. Wicks. With the January issue, “The Communist” ap- pears in a new cover, attractively printed in red and black on a light grey paper. It is for sale at all Workers Bookshops, or may be had from Work- ers Library Publishers, P. O. Box 148, Sta. D, New York City. Parts of New Soviet Opera To Be Broadcast by Moscow A special international program featuring selec- tions from a néw Russian opéra will be broadcast direct from Moscow over the nation wide WABC- Columbia network on Friday, January 11, from 9:30 to 10:00 A. M., Eastern Standard Time. The feature of the program will be two excerpts from the Soviet opera “Katerina Izmailova” (“Lady Macbeth of Mtensk") by the Soviet composer, Shos- takovitch. These include the Choir of Convicts and the scene between two leading characters, Katherine (“Lady Macbeth”) and Andrei sung by Artists Shuk- hat and Berkovitch. The Moscow Choir will be under the leadership of the Soviet director Sveshnikov. A symphony orchestra will play two parts of the “Chechnia Suite” by Davidenko. This marks the second world premiere over the Columbia network of excerpis from Shostekovitch’s new opera. Portions of the work were broadcast over the CBS chain by the ‘| New York Philharmonic Orchestra on November 25. _ {