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CHANGE ——THE—— aoeanacecasad By MICHAEL GOLD RITZ THYSSEN is in Brazil. A swarm of rumors, guesses, and explanations ‘sur- round his sudden voyage from the domestic field of his activities, the Hitler Reich, to South America. Has he been driven from the Third Empire by fear of the crack-up of the Brownshirt regime he brought to power? Have the complex of forces he manoeuvered into position in the Wilhelmstrasse split? Or is he, as he himself has contended, in Brazil merely on per- sonal business—the business of extending the influence of the Ruhr and the Nazi International deep into the capitals of the’ semi-cclonial South American countries? * . . Who is Fritz Thyssen? HO is Fritz Thyssen? To millions of American workers his name is unknown. His activities and his relations to the “palace revo- lution” of the Nazis, his role in the establishment of the Hitler dic- tatorship in the Reich, and the great, terrifying plans for the ex- tension of his industrial empire which today is centered in the great steel and coal companies of the Ruhr, are buried in comparative secrecy. Yet it was this mysterious uncrowned king of Germany, this in- dustrial conspirator, whose secret hand and whose vast financial and Political resources built, molded and dictated the success and the Policies of the National Socialist movement, It was Fritz Thyssen who poured annually into the coffers and the warchests of the Brownshirts the millions of marks which went into the vast network of propaganda that flooded Germany. It was the millions of marks profit from the Ruhr pits of Thyssen which permitted the Nazis to establish the military organizations of ‘the storm troops, outfitted in uniforms, weaponed with revolvers, daggers, machine guns, and bombs. It was Thyssen’s millions which went into the bribing of the petty bourgeoisie, the unemployed, and the ex-army officers as the troops and leaders of the mercenary armies of the Brownshirts. And when, despite the financial aid, despite the unceasing tribute levied upon other industrialists by Thyssen for the support of Hitler, these measures did not suffice, it was Thyssen who pulled the political strings, decreed the “Jegal’’ revolution of the Nazis. From Thyssen's fingers dangled the strings which pulled the puppet Hitler. It was Thyssen’s voice which uttered the decrees which established the labor camps where Germany’s unemployed are to be converted into the new slaye-race of the masters of the Reich, It is the needs of Thyssen’s empire of coal and steel which dictates the foreign policies of Rosen- berg. Behind the scenes of the Hitler government, behind the front of the official Nazi regime, Thyssen stands—moving Germany like a pawn in a huge chess-game that is the map of Europe. * . . The King of the Ruhr MM the king of the Ruhr Thyssen has become the secret monarch of Germany. His power fs vaster, his ambitions are larger, his armies are more ably weaponed than the Kaiser’s ever were. In the “Totalitarian” state of Hitler, he is the new Kaiser—uncrowned, wear- ing no military uniform, decorated with no medals, but Germany’s new Kaiser, nevertheless, as though he sat on the throne and signed the official documents himself. How Thyssen obtained this commanding position in the economic sphere of German life, how he became the actual dictator of German heavy industry, how he became the lord of Germany’s essential life, is part of the whole history of how the Nazis, while putting forth the slogans which became the banners of the crisis-stricken middle class, actually betrayed this class in the interests of the biggest industrial- ists and Junkers—that very class against whom the city shopkeepers and their sons, and the middle farmers thought they were being led to fight, It was only a few months after the Nazis took power, when the Brown terror had been unleashed upon the land to burn and slay, that a decree made Thyssen the dictator of the entire West-German district, the seat of heavy industry. He became the “State Councillor”’—a new political office, standing above all local authorities, a position subordinate only to Goering personally. And immediately after this, the leaders of the Nazis in the four all-important districts of Essen, Duesseldorf, North Westphalia and South Westphalia addressed a declaration to Thyssen, in which they officially recognized him as “in matters of economic policy” the Supreme State authority for these provinces. At the same time, there began in the Nazi regime, an infiltration of personal friends of Thyssen, fellow shareholders and coal-and-steel magnates, into leading posi- tions in the government apparatus as “economic advisors.” Thus Thyssen became the actual Nazi Party, thus the Ruhr became the real “Fuehrer,” thus heavy industry became the living “National So- clalism.” * . . The Colony of Thyssen roe from the key economic position which he holds, having driven out of German economy or made their influence negligible, all his competitors, Thyssen proceeds in his task of absorbing control of all the great German industries and swallowing the big banks. Like % great parasitic growth, the organism of his control swells to in- credible proportions, Germany becomes a mere colony for Thyssen. His lusts for expansion reach north and south and east and west. The imperialist demands of his coal-and-steel for greater markets, for millions of new customers, reach over the world. At the same time that the Nazis begin to carry out these war plans for Thyssen, the creation of a subjected, and dehumanized working class takes place. Socialists, Communists and Jews, all the opposition workers, all liberal elements are either thrown into concentration camps, or cut from the dole, and barred from work—to be annihilated from the social system by starvation. Other sections of the unemployed are taken from the dole lists, given no wages, but slave rations, set to building the roads and highways for Germany’s military strategy. The petty-bourgeoisie is deceived and broken—the Brownshirt army re- organized—and the special mercenaries of the Blackshirts increased, The employed working class is caged into factories which become prisons and barracks, the employer of the factory becomes the “leader,” the workers the slaves. Germany is converted into a new slave-camp, into a new feudal state. * . . Brown—or Red EANWHILE, the officer castes, the upper sections of the middle class, the Junkers, the aristocracy of the “vons,” become the new Roman masters, the new Pharaohs, rioting in luxurious living, prepar- ing themselves for the great conquest of Europe and the world. The Blackshirt battalions dream of a Nordic empire, a vast colony extend- ing from Moscow to Paris, from Rome to Amsterdam—an empire which shall absorb nations and countries—a continent turned into a huge market and a source for raw materials for Thyssen. But whether or not this empire will ever exist depends on whether the working class of the world will be turned into a new world of slaves or will destroy the brown plague and build on the ruins of the “hooked cross” the world of the “hammer and sickle.” HAIL THE DAILY WORKER! 11th Anniversary and Lenin Memorial Edition SATURDAY, JANUARY 19, 1935 I send revolutionary greetings to the Daily Worker, the organizer of the American working class, the leader in the fight for a Soviet America! deneeeneeeeerensne cesses BTCC. ccc ee » State... (AIL greetings, which must be accompanied by cash or money order, will be published in the Daily Worker.) WORLD! | DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1934 Stream Over the Country-Side This is the third of four ar- _ ticles written by Ben Fieid on the life of farmers and peasants in the Soviet Union. Ben Field recently returned from a visit to the U. 8. S. R. where he made a study of farm conditions, visiting many collectives, as well as attending | the Writers Congress. He con- tributed while there to Pravda, Kolhoznik, the Literary Gazette, and is the American correspondent Peasant.” * . * By BEN FIELD ITATISTICS recently published by the Soviet State Publishing House proves once more that the Russian peasants are swiftly becom- ing the most cultured farm masses in all history. Here are peasants who a few years ago were unable to read, to whom a pencil was like a plow you had to hitch yourself to when you had no horse, Now illiteracy is fast becoming as much a thing of the past as the wooden plow, Books like tractor columns are streaming over the vast Russian countryside, drumming in the most remote regions, turning up the stub- bornest soil. In distant Kazakstan, where after the revolution less than 5 per cent of the total population could read and write, more than 90 per cent are already literate. Peasants are becoming not only eager readers, | they are becoming first rate critics of literature, talented writers as a study of the All-Union Soviet Writers Congress indicates. In 1934, 900,000 copies of Maxim Gorki’s books have been sent out to the peasants, Visit any collective farm and you will find a book by Gorky. Who can forget the day spent at the Ingushan collective farm in the North Caucasus? Here are mountaineers who 5 years ago ture of Gorky in the shockworkers’ dormitory. The director spent his prize of 2,000 rubles on two con- certinas and books for the farm. Who can forget the group of col- lective farmers led by the woman giving Gorky as “our collective art” @ present of prize pumpkins, beets, carrots, cabbage, etc.? In the name of the collectivists on her farm ask- ing Gorky and the other writers for even finer products of their art, asking for stronger books about col- lectives, for books describing the struggles of the workers and farm- ers of the rest of the world. Dog-eared and Thumbed-over More than 100,000 copies of Sholo- recently among the collective farm- £rs. “And Quiet Flows the Don” is popular everywhere. But the farm novel by Sholokov, “Soil Upturned” is probably next to Stalin's reports the most thumbed over and dog- eared farm books on Soviet farms. More than a million copies of this novel have been published. You can’t buy a copy of it in Russian anywhere in Moscow. It has been translated into French, German, | English. Karl Radek, the brilliant Soviet { publicist, has hailed it as a master- anticipated certain steps in collect- Soviet farms, The only piece of | fiction with which we can compare it here in America is Whittaker | Chamber's story, “Can You Hear Their Voices.” {made into a play. This has also become a farmers’ guide book which is being distributed by the left- wing Farmers National Committee for Action, In discussing the influence of Sholokov’s powerful farm novel, one can see how literature can become & ‘caterpillar’ which the peasants put on to help them move forward in their struggles for a decent life, In one village a peasant woman got up at a meeting to criticize the chairman of the collective because unlike Davidoff, hero of “Soil Up- turned,” her chairman never went with the work. In another village on the Volga with a population of 1,072 a meeting of the whole village took place before the Writers Con- gress to discuss literature. One hundred and twenty-seven peasants Tose to discuss this novel which dealt so intimately with their lives. Writers Work on Collective Farms The Russian writers feel this tie with the collective farmers. Gorky has become the éditory of a new attractive magazine, “Kolhoznik.” The first issue was 100,000 copies. This magazine will print the best of contemporary literature for the peasants. Sergei Tretyakov, author of “Roar, China” and “A Chinese Testament,” joined the collective “Communistic Lighthouse.” He brought type down from Moscow, edited the collective farm news- paper, built up a library, fought the Books Like Tractors) for the Soviet Peasants Gazette | and the French “Voice of the | lived in tents, Now there is a pic-/| chairman at the Writers Congtess | kov's works have been distributed | | Piece and has shown how Sholokov | ization only now taking place on) This has also been} out into the fields to give a hand} = Soviet Peasants Are Most Cultured Farm Masses in History Swiftly Becoming | | kulaks, He has written 3 books on collective farms. Babel, author of “Red Cavalry,” has become a first rate veterinary on a collective near | Moscow. He is finishing a book | called “Peasants.” Panferov is still studying farm conditions and turn- ing his farm novel, a series. Writers Con, | farm novel, ‘The Run.’ left industry for a while and a book about collective farmers. interested in Russian clasics about as much as they are in contemporary literature. |More than 400,000 copies of Push- | kin, 385,000 copies of Chekhov, 350,- 000 copies of Lermentov were sent to them last year. The farmers have good examples set them by |_ The peasants are The Advance of Culture A common scene in the Soviet Union. Workers and peasants read- | are fore ing and studying in a Lenin Corner, v | Kuibesheff are on the committee to Peasants Creators of Literature As Well As Readers of 1934 its sa to 12,000,000 rubles. Farm L'brari There are vel that have no li collectives A huge farm in rubles are spent on new book year. During the busy season 35 per cent of th | peasants take out books, during the winter season 100 per cent of the | coll sts read. This collective has a radio for | every worker. It has a radio broad- casting station which kevt the col- | lective informed about the Writers | Congress, This collective held ex- , | hibitions of paintings done by art~- |ists who spent the whole summer | working on the farm. ; ‘The peasants are not only read- ers of literature. They are becom- ing creators of literature. There than 4,000 workers’ and |farmers’ literary circles, Subway | worl farmhands, carmen. sea- their leaders. Lenin’s works are| men, etc., have their literary circles. studded with references to Tolstoi.| The ablest Russian ers come to Read Stalin and you see in what aj these circles to help the green masterly way he uses stories from s. Locomotive engineer Av- Chekovy to illustrate his points. 0 and seaman Soboleff. who Stalin knows the new writers as| have written two of the most im- well, writers like Ehrenbourg and| portant books of 1934. are graduates Pilnyak. It is said that he had| of these literary circles. much to do with the calling of the| On the huge Zernograd grain Writers Congress, Voroshiloff and! farm there is a literary circle. The Red Banner tea plantation Chekva commemorate the 100th anniversary | on the shores of the Black Sea has of Pushkin’s death in 1936. |a literary circle. Mechine tractor r " 7: stations side helning establish While libraries are being closed) Stations, beside helning estab! down in the United States, huge | ™ore than 2500 book kiosks, heln special editions book i with the literary circles, heln with faeied! oat eset een eae | the publishing of magazines, literary Last year 5,500,000 copies cf such|P&#es, Newspapers with columns hooks were cireutateds This year | Called, “propaganda for books. the total circulation will exceed 13,- Hunger for Culture 000,000. While capitalist publishers One of the unforgettable days | spent in the North Caucasus was | Union enter into a non-aggression pact with France? Does the pact mean that the Soviet Union would support France against Germany in the event of war? — Communist Sympathizer. Perea 3 Answer: The answers to these questions are interlocked, and can | only be understood in the light of | the principles underlying the rev- olutionary peace policy of the Soviet | | Union. The Soviet Government as} | the dictatorship of the proletariat | | epee | would never support the imperialist | | ambitions of any capitalist country. | But in the interests of peace and | socialism it utilizes the contradic- | tions between the rival groups of | | imperialists for the safety of the| | workers’ state and the revolutionary advance of the world proletariat. The general principles which guide the peace policy of the Soviet | | Union can be found in Lenin’s| famous “Letter to American Work- ers” (International Publishers, 5) | cents). His analysis illuminates the recent tactics of the U. S, S, R. in dealing with the imperialists, Lenin points out that when we speak of an “agreement” between the Soviet Union and any imperialist power, we must remember that “there are agreements and agreements.” The decisive test of such “agreements” is whether they further the interests of the proletariat. Thus Lenin did not hesitate to come to an “agreement” with French military officers in 1918 when the German imperialists at- tacked the workers’ and peasants’ republic. He did this to halt the advance of the German armies, and to save the proletarian revolution. As Lenin says, both partners to the “agreement” were ready to “hang” each other. But for a time their in- terests “coincided.” Lenin made use of the rapacious counter-inter- ests of the French bourgeoisie to throw back the rapacious advancing German fmperialists, and thereby weakened the international capital- ists and at the same time strength- ened the proletarian revolution and the working class throughout the world. Lenin emphasizes the point that} Communists always strive to ad- vance the interests of the world proletariat and to weaken the im- perialists. Their policies must al- ways be judged in the light of this primary principle. And in exam- ining the revolutionary peace policy of the Soviet Union, we shall see that it has not abandoned this Questions and Answers Question: Why did the Soviet ; Communist principle. | with Gnevushun, red partisan, edi- | tor of “Tractor.” He told us about peasants writing poetry and showed us their poetry. One of them, Skri- | pov, had just finished a novel, “Fire {on the Steppes.” A group was ; oh On the con-| working on a history of this world- trary its policies have strengthened | famous grain farm | the world proletariat and are the} yownere else in the world is there | basis for the further development} sich a demand for books, such a lof the proletarian revolution | hunger for culture as among the throughout the capitalist world. | Russian workers and farmers. Such The principies laid down by Lenin | hunger is killed under capitalism. |furnish the answers to the two| Capitalism is interested in crooks, questions. We must remember that | not books; in booty, not beauty. It after Hitler was given power by |i, only Communism that has been} the German capitalists the situation | able to feed the belly and spirit of in Europe altered. French imperial-| the Russian masses. With a voltage ism saw its spoils threatened by the | higher than any that can be shot aggressive war policies of German| from heayen, Communism has re- fascism, At this time a new impe-| jeased unheard-of-energies from tialist war was not to the advantage | that most backward of all atoms, of the French bourgeoisie. The in-| the Russian peasant. TUNING IN terests of the French imperialists | and the interests of the Soviet Union which sonsistently opposes another imperialist slaughter, “co- incided,” as Lenin puts it, so far as peace in this particular situation is | concerned. | Consequently the French imperial- | ists who formerly were in the van- Wiz—Amos ‘n’ Andy—Sketch guard of the interventionist plots} ‘WABC—Myrt and Marge—Sketch their relationship to the U. 8. 8. R.| Bailey, Songs; Robison Orchestra By drawing closer to the Soviet) WABC—Just Plein Bill—Sketch Government they paid an unwilling Eile ek Creare tribute to the Soviet Union which is the greatest force making for Sore eo eden peace. The Soviet Government, on the other hand, continuing the rev- 7:00-WEAF—Phil Cook Show Shop WOR-Sports Resume—Stan Lomax 1:45-WEAF—Uncle Ezra—Sketch WOR—Front-Page Drama piubionary peace policy which te Vise WiJZ—Dangerous Paradise—Sketch piitsued since the October Revolu- tion, made use of the conflicts be- tween the imperialists to further the interests of the International working class. By entering into a non-aggression pact with the French government the U. 8. S. R. helped to consoli- date world peace. In acting to pre- vent the outoreak of another im- perialist war, the Soviet Union did not enter into an alliance for a war against Germany. It will not support the imperialist aims of the French bourgeoisie, anymore than it will support the capitalist interests of any bourgeois government. The policy of the Soviet Union is not directed towards obtaining capitalist allies for an inevitable war, but is toward the strengthening of all possible factors that make for peace. It would never be embroiled in any imperialist adventure. On | the other hand, to further the in- terests of the workers against their |- enemies, the capitalists, the Soviet Union would not hesitate to come to some kind of “agreement” with the French government. It would do so only if at the moment a military understanding would weaken the in- ternational capitalists and further the revolutionary advance of the world proletariat towards socialism. Reading and Writhing! QUICKLY REACHES FoRWARD “6 GRAB IT BEFORE SOM EONE ELSE.— WABC—Boake Carter, Commentator 8:00-WEAF—Bourdon Orchestra; Jessica Dragonette, Soprano; Male Quartet; Football—Grantland Rice WOR—Lone Ranger—Sketch WiJZ—Jewels of Enchantment—Sketch WABO—Fray and Braggiotti, Piano 8:15-WJZ—Dick Liebert, Organ; Al bruster and Kraus, Piano; Courtlandt, Songs; Male Quartet WABC—Edwin C, Hill, Commentator 8:20-WOR—Katzman Orchestra; Lucille Peterson, Songs; Choristers Quartet WJZ—Gootman Orchestra; Jane Froman and Al Bowlly, Songs WABC—Court of Human Relations 9;00-WEAF—Lyman Orchestra; Frank Munn, Tenor; Vivienne Segal, Songs WOR—Hillbilly Music Communications Commission, In- terviewed WABC—March of Time—Drama 9:15-WJZ—Siberian Singers 9:30-WEAF—Bonime Orchestra; Pat, Comedians WOR-Lum and Abner—Sketch WJZ—Phil Baker, Comedian; Martha Mears, Songs; Belasco Orchestra WABC—Hollywood Hotel—Sketch, With Dick Powell, Jane Williams, Ted Fio-Rito Orchestra, Others; Frances Lederer, Guest : 9:45-WOR—Garber Orchestra | 10:00-WEAF—Monsieur Lomb Chop—Sketch WOR—Elaine Jordan, Songs WJZ—Minstrel Show 10:18-WOR—Current Events—H. E, Read 10:30-WEAF—Symphony Orchestra; Prank Black, Conductor; Mixed Chorus WOR—Variety Musicale WJZ—The Jew and Christian—Rabb! Morris Lazaron WABC—The O’Fiynn—Musical Drama 11:00-WEAF—Talk—George Holmes, Chief, Pic and Wdz—Judge E. O. Sykes of Federal) Illustrated _ Attempt to ‘Boner. Laugh Or | Misery of Unemployea [Irs A GREAT RELIEF! By John, 3 Telly and Joseph Kloman, Van- guard Press. $1.00. Reviewed by PHILIP STERLING sands of pu become of . Tully and the reports of New Y the b literalis is quot a fo) Out of ake one for- on which it is for Mr. that time 40 he baby and ipply it’ is father's ut there are try who Eien Manithehs Shock Troupe | By JAMES WARREN i A™ impromptu platform and the stage is set. From the Ci tre to a hall a | Repertory Th | the 4 where on the New Yor! |the Shock Troupe of tt er some- | Laboratory Theatre moves often in} | one night, to present thei: matic | calls to action. And after the per- | formance, back to their head | ters and house the | where the: | ing their and the fic! | hopes that fill their hearts and ork, The shock troupes bring to the! ; Workers’ Laboratory Theatre widely | varied backgrounds and exverien Director Al Saxe, one of the most in the length and breadth of | | of the W.1,te Live and Work literally. It is dif- 4 quarters, to find for the va- of th onnel from w nh it, the menu tt boards for On e kitchen board, the notice appears | up-and-coming directors in the . | American threatre, director of} ;- a of the tase “Newsboy.” e Middle © as WA Lier bale sas aay have set for themselves for a | West, with burlesque, cabaret, andrew minutes of banter. The con- | little theatre work as his dramatic | cradle. Who's Who in the W. L. T. { Director Stephen Karnot worked with Boleslavsky in the American | Laboratory Theatre, studied with | Meyerhold, and was close to the | work of Stanislavsky. | The actors represent vrofessional, stock, and amateur backgrounds — from the hinterland to Broadway. Author Peter Martin, dramatist, lyric writer, has several novels to seript departments of radio and vaudeville. Musician Earl Robinson, contrib- |utor to The Workers’ Song Book, has written among other things, a tributed much to the work of the | W. L. T. by his catchy tunes, which thousands find themselves humming after they have seen and heard the Shock Troupe in action. Most fam- | ous of these are “Flying Squadron,” “Labor Fakers,” and “Union Card.” | Robinson’s hands, also, are those j that strum the guitar accompani- | ment at W. L. T. presentations. Life in the Collective Life in the collective has its ad- vantages, but its inconveniences are | by no means insignificant. Thirteen | people in a few rooms find that it is often impossible to. avoid step- ping on one another's corns, fig- Short Wave tential weapon of the working class. ea Peat This week we are reprinting an} interesting article by the ops on the) Chelyushkin Expedition. Credit goes to the Sheepshead Bay radio club. ‘Ten hours after the sinking of the Chelyushkin, we had rigged up our | Tadio on the ice and were ready to work; but as part of the apparatus had gotten damp and the storage cells had lost their voltage through being almost completely frozen (the temperature was 33 below), we were unable to make contact with the mainland that night. Nevertheless, we could heard the coast stations | talking among themselves, as our re- ceiver was working perfectly, “In the morning, after breakfast prepared over a camp-fire, the whole expedition went to drag lum- ber from under the ice, where it had been caught. “In the meantime we, ops, dried out our apparatus and warmed up the storage cells. For several hours we sent out cq’s to Wellen and North Cape, and they in turn made us, Finally, we measured our wave length and came to the conclusion that it was too short. We lengthened the aerial, altered the tuning of the transmitter to a longer wave by del FURTIVELY SNEAKS IY BEHIND HIM HOPING NO ONE SAW. his credit, and arrived through the| quartet for brasses, and he has con- | Radio communication is a po- | every effort to reach us. We could} hear them but they could not hear} versation often takes the form of one long, continuous improvisation, of it, uthor Martin remarked, “it would make like Noah Wel r. they discuss the serious lems that beset them and their « ganization. After performances, the | Troupers gather d | fer into the n | discuss the que: New Year's Eve Fest This year, the Worker's Labor= |atory Theatre is celebrating its | fourth year of existence, and the greatest year in its brief but dy- namic existence. For three years, the W. L. T. played widely, but its fame did not reach much be- yond the confines of its audience. The appearance of New Theatre, the magazine devoted to the problems of the theatre of the working class, has publicized the work of the W. L. T., and given it tremendous im~ vetus. Together they plan to cele- brate a year of expanded work and energy on New Year's Eve. | This year 23 new plays were | added, bringing the repertory up to 83. About one hundred thousands people watched the Shock Troupe’s presentations, so that their audience \to date numbers a quarter of a | million, Radio News and for nearly three hours sent out cq’s. At last the Wellen station | picked us up and Comrade Schrade, |the op of that station, told us that | he could hear us very well and that our wave lengih was about 450 m, | Without waiting a second we sent for Schmidt, who was also handling lumber. Like an electric spark, the | news flashed along the lines of the |men at work: ‘The radio has got | through.’ Joyful smiles shone |through the frost-encrusted faces of the Chelyushikin crew. The work progressed better, heavy beams at once became somehow lighter. | “Meanwhile Professor Schmidt was sendifg his first dispatch to the Soviet Government as to our | position on the ice. Thus commu~- nication with the mainland was es | tablished 26 hours after we leaped | onto the ice from the sinking ship, | “Routine work commenced. The | camp radio station sent out wx info | several times a day, and the air- | planes which were coming to our camp were guided by our meteoro= | logical summaries. Almost every day we picked up the Rosta px oi | various political events both here |in the U. 8. S. R. and abroad. We | regularly received the statements of | the government commission on the measures which were being taken to. | rescue us, “We also received over the radio the qtr which were so necessary for astronomical observations to deter= | mine the location of the ice-floe. We radioed our qtf to the airmen. “This is sufficient to show clearly the great role played by radio in the rescue of the Chelyushkin expe= | dition from the ice. It would be difficult to say what the outcome would have been had there been no radio. “But while giving radio its due, we must not over-rate it. It justi- fied itself in the complex scheme of measures undertaken by the So- viet Government to save the Chel yushkin expedition, and gave great | help to the intrepid Soviet airmen.” . * 8 We have received several requests for inforrsation on the abbreviations used in this column. One way of finding out is to visit and join a radio club. The New York club meets Friday nights at 42 Union Square, one flight up; formation of regular. classes is being considered, ‘ial