The Daily Worker Newspaper, May 29, 1934, Page 6

| Page Daily. @RNTRAL ORGAN COMMUNIST PARTY x Worker S.A (SECTION OF COMMUMIST INMTERMATIONALD America’s Only Working Class Daily Newspaper” FOUNDED 1924 SUNDAY, BY THE , 50 E. 13th PUBLISHED DAILY, COMPRODAILY PUBL Street, New York, N. Y. EXCEPT HING CO., IN hone: ALgonquin 4-7954. m. ESDAY, MAY Reject Arbitration”! HE bosses have many weapons in their strikebreaking arsenal. In Toledo, up to now, they have been relying mainly on guns, poison gas, bayonets. Now, without letting up on the military pressure, they are introducing the weapon of “arbitra- tion,” by means of which, with the help of the top A. F. of L. leaders, they were able to break the Minneapolis strike. In Minneapolis, the truckers, who had victory in their grasp, were sent back to work under the “arbitration” trickery without a single one of their strike demands granted This is what now faces the Toledo workers. “Arbitration” sounds as if the workers may expect something; but in reality, and through long ex- perience, it has been proved to be just as deadly & menace to the workers’ rights, to the aims of their strike, as the other strikebreaking methods of the bosses. Under the slogan of “arbitration” the workers are sent back to work, with not a single one of their demands granted. The rest is left to the tender mercies of the bosses, and their agents, the A. F. of L. top leadership. The rank and file are disorganized; disseminated. Some are victimized, others are back at work. But nothing is gained, as the procedure is dragged out endlessly, and finally killed. . In Toledo, the workers should be warned and forearmed against this trickery of “arbitration.” To get back to work without the winning of the de- mands, or without a definite agreement favorable to the workers, is to hand the victory to the boss. The employers are now trying to maneuver a way out to avoid granting the workers’ demands. Their “arbitration” proposals are not designed, as they want the workers to believe, to increase wages, or to grant union recognition, or to give any con- cessions whatsoever. They are only a means of ending the struggle, postponing actions on decisions, and in the relative quiet of “arbitration proceed- inca’ to blast the whole purpose of the strike. she best guarantee against this maneuver is the bringing in of more masses into the strike— the development of the general strike! This is the main single task before the workers in Toledo. This struggle is a test for the entire Toledo working class. If the Auto Lite workers are de- feated, it would be a setback for every Toledo worker, organized or unorganized, and to the work- ers throughout the country. There is involved the economic demands of the Auto Lite workers them- selves. These must be won. On the other hand, there are the issues of the right to organize and belong to a union of the workers’ choice, the right to strike and to picket. These are the demands and the issues of the strike, and only by developing of the general strike, by bringing more masses into the struggle, can they be won. At the same time, the workers must demand the immediate release of all arrested strikers and sympathizers, and the dismissal of all cases now pending in court growing out of the strike. The bosses who brought in their thugs and militia are the guilty ones, and the criminals responsible for the murder and wounding of strikers, * * * “ARBITRATION” should be rejected as a new type of poison gas. It can be rejected effectively and the fruits of the militant and heroic battle of the Toledo workers can be gained through rank and file action. Instead of relying on the top leaders, who are the ones the bosses are always willing to agree to “arbitrate” with, the rank and file should elect their own broad, mass strike committee, represent- ing all of the strikers, with men and women from all departments, expressing the will and organiza- tion of the workers. This body should take the initiative in carrying through the general strike. It should take the leadership on the picket lines, and in every phase of the developing struggle, including the conduct of all negotiations with the Auto Lite Co. and the Toledo bosses. This committee alone is answerable to the workers, and should be empowered to act for the strikers. All decisions regarding the uilti- mate fate of the strike should be brought down to every striker, to every worker who is affected, and finally passed on only by them. In this way the whole power, the whole force, the unexampled hero- ism and militancy of the strikers can be rallied behind victory for the strike. Organization of this rank and file strike com- mittee is now more important than ever while the bosses and their agents are putting forth a heavy barrage of “arbitration” poison. Only such a committee, with the full confidence of the workers, flesh of their flesh, can speak and act in the interest of the strikers; can negotiate, conduct the strike, and organize the return to work with the best possible agreement. Towards such an organization of the strikers, and to rally support of all sympathizers, a confer- ence has been called for Tuesday at 8 p.m., at the Roi Davis Building, Hall 1, 129 Michigan Street. The conference is called by the Provisional Com- mittee consisting of representatives of a number of workers’ organizations. All support should be given to this conference, Every striker who can come should be present. The conference has issued its appeal especially to A. F. of L. unions, to the Mechanics Educational Scciety of America, to the Socialist Party, to the Unemployed Leagues, and to workers in the various shops. Stripped of Its Mask E VERY day sees the brutality and the savage anti-working class nature of the La Guardia administration exposed more openly as the hypocritical “progres- sive’ mask is ripped from Fusion’s face. Every day witnesses new outrages by this administration which, shorn of its lying verbal foliage, is forced to show itself in its true light. Saturday’s police attack on jobless men and ¢ ‘ DATLY WORKER, women demonstrating for relief at the Department of Public Welfare was followed by an even more vicious attack on Sunday, when the ten arrested workers came up for trial at Tombs Court. After ordering the courtr leared of its working class spectators in order to more easily frame the jailed after the ejected workers in attacked two of them, James nd his wife, “repeatedly knocking them wn and kicking and beating them almost to in- . So unprovoked and so vicious was the that even boiled reporters accustomed to the violence of street clashes shouted remon- strances at the two policemen who were the chief attackers.” This quotation is from a reporter’s story in “The News,” from which we also cite the following: “Knocking down her (Mrs, Lechay’s) husband, the cops went to work in real earnest. Kick after kick landed in the ribs of both the man and They dragged Lechay to his knees and threw him down again. The fists of one patrolman beat a tattoo upon the woman's head.” And: “Other policemen seized him (Lechay) and held him while the two who held his fainting wife slapped her face with their free hands until she collapsed.” Poison gas bombs and rifle fire in Toledo, bayo- nets in Minneapolis, New Orleans, San Francisco— blackjacks and motorcycles and mounted police at- tacks in New York. woman, These are LaGuardia's “progressive” methods. This is the way in which he answers workers who meet for bread and a roof over their shoulders, for unemployment relief! Green’s Gloomy Picture of Employment ssMMHERE are 10,616,000 still without in- dustrial employment,” admits A. F. of L. President William Green in an un- employment report issued yesterday, and forthwith he is forced to gloomy musings about employment under the Roosevelt “New Deal” and the rising tide of relief applicants. “The fact that there were on relief rolls in March (the latest figures) 3,013,000 families and in addition 614,000 individuals not grouped with families, de- pendent on direct relief payments, shows the wide- spread need throughout the country,” the statement continues. When it is considered that the figures prepared by the A. F. of L. report never at any time admitted more than 13,689.000 at the peak of unemployment in March, 1933, although reliable estimates prepared by the Alexander Hamilton Institute placed unem- ployment at that time at 17,000,000, an estimate nearer the real figure can be reached. The workers in 2,000 A. F. of L. locals have endorsed and demand the enactment of the Workers Unemployment Insurance Bill (H.R. 7598) as an effective manner of meeting the permanent capital- ist institution of unemployment. Since the Workers’ Bill was introduced into Congress on February 2, the mass sweep of A. F. of L. local endorsements has reached new and unprecedented heights. Defy- ing Green's order not to back the Workers’ Bill, hundreds of A. F. of L. locals have backed the only real unemployment insurance act—H.R. 7598. To concretize and consolidate this growing mass demand for the Workers’ Bill, and to force action on it by this session of Congress, workers throughout the country will demonstrate before the homes of Congressmen during the week of June 4 to 10. The central demand in these demonstrations will be that. every Congressman must sign the round robin peti- tion to release the Workers’ Bill from the House Committee of Labor and bring it onto the floor of Congress for vote. Into these mass demonstrations must be brought the rank and file members of the A. F. of L. and independent unions. Together with mass resolutions from organizations of veterans, small home owners, poor farmers and workers fraternal and mass or- ganizations everywhere, these demonstrations will force the required 145 congressmen to sign the round robin motion and act on H.R. 7598 before adjournment. Our Irish Brother Party EAN MURRAY, leader of the Irish Communist Party, the only true in- heritor of the great, militant tradition of Irish revolutionary struggle, is back in New York after a nationwide tour during which he spoke to numerous audiences, bringing the message of the Irish fight for freedom to a host of Irish-American workers. He will be tendered a farewell banquet tomor- row night, in recognition of his splendid achieve- ments here and as an expression of the solidarity of the American working class with the Irish Com- munist Party. Outstanding leaders of the Com- munist Party will greet him and convey through him their message of greeting to the Irish Workers, Comrade Murray has been with us two months. During this period he has done more than any- one else to clarify for the American workers the problems facing their Irish fellow-workers. He has given us a true, native, and class insight fnto the nature of the struggles of the Irish masses, struggles which until his visit were not sufficiently known. Sean Murray will soon be back in his native land, leading the Irish workers and farmers in their daily struggles, for the support of which he came to America. In bidding Comrade Murray farewell, the Daily Worker and the American workers with whom he has come in contact are stronger in the knowledge that his visit has created an iron hand- clasp of proletarian solidarity between the United States and Ireland—establishing through the many -new Irish Workers Clubs here a joint struggle which will strengthen the fight of the masses both of Ireland and America. Join the Communist Party) | 35 EAST 12TH STREET, NEW YORK, N. ¥. Piease send me sn tion on the Commu-) mist Party. ADDRESS | date the workers and break the Use “Assassin” Frame -up For Cuban Terror HAVANA, May 28.—A reign of terror against the Communist Party of Cuba, and members of the revo- lutionary trade unions was opened today under the camouflage of an attempted “assassination” of Wall Street’s ambassador, Jefferson Caf- fery, yesterday. The Mendieta government held a special cabinet session today and ordered all police to scour the coun- try for the “would-be assassins.” A car-load of armed men fired at and wounded a Cuban soldier near the entrance to Caffery’s beautiful mansion, just a few moments before the Wall Street envoy was about| to leave his home. The soldier was wounded in the leg. Rumors, spread by the Mendieta- Batista government, have been cir- culating quite freely through the city that an attempt would be made to assassinate the American ambas- sador. NRA Stole Strike Victory, Says C. P. Of Minneapolis (Continued from Page 1) tant picketing drove the trucks and the deputized thugs off the streets with the situation most favorable for the men, the Dunns in the strike leadership and the leaders of the Central Labor Union agreed to a truce without consulting the strikers. The truce demobilized the picket lines and laid the basis for the betrayal as contained in the settlement agreement, The strikers had to contend not only with treachery in their own ranks on the part of the leaders, but also with the forces of the gov- ernment which helped to break the strike. From the very beginning the Regional Labor Board, acting with authority of the National Labor Board, sided with the bosses. The agreement proposed by the Labor Board is practically word for word the original proposals of the em- ployers. The American Federation of Labor leaders on the Regional Labor Board—Emery Nelson, Boscoe, Guy Alexander—consented to this strike-breaking agreement, The city, county and state mobil- ized thousands of armed thugs, po- lice, deputy sheriffs and National Guardsmen in order to brutally smash the strike. Hundreds of work- ers, men and women, were clubbed and jailed. The government, city, state and federal, were not impartial in this strike—they were protecting the swollen profits of the fleet own- ers, The Farmer-Labor Governor Olsen took sides with the bosses and called out the National Guards to intimi- strike, just as the Democratic Gov- emor of Ohio did in Toledo. The Farmer-Labor Government of Min- nesota plays the sdme role as the Republican and Democratic admin- istrations in other states—all as the parties of the capitalist class. The only difference is that the Farmer- Labor Party covers up its treachery with radical phrases, in order to catch the workers’ and farmers’ votes. While pretending to be friends of the workers, in their deeds they act as strike-breakers. Guy Alexander, as member of the Regional Labor Board, consented to the strike- breaking agreement; Congressman Shoemaker helped to put over this strike-breaking agreement at the final mass meeting of the strikers; Governor Olson called out the Na- tional Guards; and the Farmer-La- bor City Attorney’s office will prose- cute the arrested pickets. Although this strike was sold out, our struggle is not ended. We have still to fight for an increase in Wages; we have still to fight for recorgnition of the union. We must prevent discrimination and blacklist- ing against the active strikers; all’ strikers must get their jobs back, YEW YORK, TUESDAY, MAY 29, 1934 “WELCOME, SAILOR!” y Burck ON MEMORIAL DAY ed. We must prepare for the coming battle since we cannot depend on the arbitration board. Our next strike, however, must be in the hands of the rank and file, and not as it happened in this strike The top leadership of tais strike did not consult nor draw into confidence the original large strike committec| selected by the drivers and helpers, and all negotiations were carried on by a handful of people. We must not leave our fate in the hands of compulsory arbitration. We must begin now by building a rank and file movement to take control of our union and out of the hands of those who, with their policy of hesitation, cowardice and splitting tactics, be- trayed the strike. From the very beginning the Com- munist Party took an active part in the strike by mobilizing thousands of employed and unemployed work- ers for picket duty. At the same time the Communist Party warned against the treacherous role of the A. F. of L, leaders and of the Trotzyites in the strike leadership, the Dunns who were expelled from the Communist Party as enemies of the working class. What the Communist Party warned against—arbitration—h as come to pass. Already on May 22nd the strike leadership, afraid of the developing mass struggle of the en- tire working population, agreed to arbitration and offered a truce. If the militant policy of struggle, as displayed by the workers at the battle of “Bulls Run” at the market on Tuesday, May 22nd, would have continued, victory would have resulted instead of be- trayal. The Communist Party ts the only party of the working class fighting for the daily needs of all workers: for higher wages, for shorter hours, for the Workers Unemployed and Social Insurance Bill (H.R. 7598) At the same time the Communist Party carries on the struggle for the complete abolition of capitalism and for getting up a revolutionary and for setting up a revolutionary ernment. Join the Communist Party! COMMUNIST PARTY, U.S.A., District No. 9, All arrested pickets must be releas- 425 Kasota Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. Dollfuss Fears Reinforces Uprisings, — ee On the World Front By HARRY GANNES Mussolini on War Wage-Cutting Asceticism They Want Rakosi’s Blood USSOLINI always makes” | it clear that one of the | primary objectives of fascism t ' e is the preparation for and in- auguration of war. The more difficult the in- ternal conditions of fascism become, the greater th drive to impe. rialist_ slaughter. Mussolini, like’ Hitler, can hardly contain his exuberant desire to plunge =r «(J the masses into a new slaughter omaaath, as a panacea Mussolini for the ills of capitalism. Speaking before the hand-picked Fascist Chamber of Deputies Sat- urday afternoon, Mussolini proposed a tremendous increase in arma- ments. To pay for it, he declared, the standards of living of the masses must be lowered. “We are probably moving to- ward a period of humanity re- posing on a lower standard of life. We must not be alarmed by this prospect. Present-day hu- manity is very strong and is capable of asceticism such as wa perhaps have no conception of.” Then, Mussolini echoes the words of Odon Por, the fascist theoreti- cian, written in his book “Fase cism,” published in 1923. “The dif- ference between Fascist organizers and reformist trade union organ- izers,” declared Yor, “is that the former say frankly that, for the time being, wages must be reduced, owing to present conditions in in- dustry, while the latter are unwill« ing to recognize the necessity." (p. 243). Vienna Troops VIENNA, May 28.—Alarmed at the widespread evidence of resistance to fascism by united action of Commu- nists and Socialists, the Dollfuss gov- ernment, late list Saturday night, rushed military reinforcements here after workers exchanged shots with fascist forces on the streets. The government made no secret of its extreme nervousness over the | situation. Vice-Chancellor, Major | Fey cancelled his scheduled visit to | Budapest. The government is; spreading rumors of the assassina- | tion of Dollfuss and, Fey in order | to justify the war mobilization. Ar- rested socialist workers escaped from the Woellersdorf concentration camp. A report from Linz says that a bomb exploded in the rail- way station. Murray, Leader of Trish C.P., Tells of Middle West Tour (Continued from Page 1) lished in all the cities which Sean Murray visited. “We are bringing these clubs together in an Irish] Workers Conference in New York on June 3,” said the Irish Communist leader, “to finally clarify the whole situation and consolidate the Irish Workers Clubs of the United States. “We found everywhere, at every meeting attended by Irish workers, that the Communist Party’s inter- pretation of the Irish question was enthusiastically accepted by them.” This interpretation is ably set forth in the recent manifesto of the Irish Communist Party, “Ireland's Path to Freedom” and “The Irish Case for Freedom,” both published. in the United States by International Pub- lishers, “The big question here,” Murray declared, “is the development of workers’ clubs which will draw in the best Irish elements of. the population, This will be of great assistance both to the working class movement in the United States and to the building of the Irish Communist Party.” Comrade Murray plans to leave for Ireland within two weeks. “The first thing I shall tell the workers of Ireland,” he declared, “is the tremendous growth of class struggles in America, as seen in the unprecedented wave of strikes. I shall tell them that the NRA. which for a short while succeeded in arousing great hopes among many sections of the workers, has not solved any of their problems, as the present strike movement shows; that the unemployment question and the suppression of the right to organize in trade unions, as witness- ed in Minneapolis and now in Toledo and elsewhere, proves that the situation in America is the re- verse of what the Irish petit-bour- geois nationalists and the British reformists try to tell them. It is not “socialism” as these people de- clare, but an attempt to bolster up capitalism. “The ‘outstanding facts in the American situation, to me, are the transformation of the Communist Party from its position of a few years ago—small,. isolated from the basic sections of the working class —into the present Party which is leading and stimulating the tre- mendous struggles now taking place. “This, I am sure, will be great news to the Irish masses.” Cuban Ceti & Mistakes ‘Criticized By Second Convention of Cuban Party (The following is the conclud- ing article on the 2nd National Convention of the Communist Party of Cuba.) Pateer Wine By MANUEL VALENCIA 1 bes general report of the Central Committee and the special em- phasis on the military work of the Party revealed serious weakness in activity among the armed forces. In the armed struggles which developed during the military occupation of the mills in the last zafra (sugar harvest), the agitation among the soldiers resulted in fraternization, including the refusal on the part of many of the soldiers to fire on the strikers. In spite of this favorable situation, the Party, as pointed out by the Congress, has made only the barest beginnings of work among the army. Organization of commit- tees of soldiers and the recruiting of soldiers into the Party was taken up as an urgent task. The delegates gave their serious attention to the trade union report. The tremendous extension of the C.N.O.C. (Cuban National Confed- eration of Labor) during the course of the last three months had re- sulted in an increase of workers or- ganized in revolutionary trade unions from 12,009 to 431,000. A large part of the discussion centers around the consolidation of the unions in the C.N.O.C., especially among the tobacco workers, the greatest num- ber of whom had gone over to form a part of the C.N.O.C, The victory achieved by the Party by the extension of the C.N.O.C, and | its historic Fourth Congress held | in January 1934, placed in the fore- front the slogan and practical re- alization of the winning of the ma- nists Discuss Work in Unions, Army jority of the working class. The great political and organiza- tional weakness of the unions was also brought forward, as was the pressing need of strengthening Com- munist fractions in the unions. The Congress raised the slogan of the preparation and organization of mass political strikes. ite Sau N the basis of a concrete and cor- rect analysis of the present situa- tion in Cuba, the Congress called the attention of the whole Party to the danger confronting the revolu- tionary movement in the growing influence of Grau San Martin and Guiteras among the working class and peasantry, especially in the in- terior of the island, as well as the influence of the reformist leaders (railroad). The urgent necessity of unmasking them and carrying on a struggle against their influence, counterposing to the “leftism” of Grau and Company the program of a workers’ and peasants’ govern- ment, was stressed. Among the immediate tasks set by the Congress were: The con- centration of the Party in the reformist railroad unions where an increasing revolutionary opposition can be found, and concentration | among the port workers as well as among the workers of certain Strategic enterprises such as tele- phone, electricity, ete, where the work of the Party has had only @ weak beginning. The strengthening of our influ- ence among the petty bourgeoisie and especially among the students, who are going more and more to the left, was pointed out as an j immediate necessary task. One < the best reports was that given on the youth work of the Party which showed the influence of the Party among the masses of working youth. The weaknesses of the Young Communist League | were singled out and were almost | entirely reflections of the weak- nesses of the Party. An important tasi; undertaken by the Second Congress was the decision unanimously adopied for the creation of a mass daily news- | a 4 ROBERT MINOR paper capable of agitation and propaganda on the program of the Party, guiding and organizing the Cuban toiling masses in their daily struggles, raising their po- litical level and winning them for the agrarian anti-imperialist revo- lution, for Scviet power. For the realization of the numer- ous tasks outlined by the Congress, ® — the most important subjective factor was dwelt upon, the consolidation Minor Brings Greetings of Communist Party of the U.S.A. and extension of the Communist Party of Cuba and its transforma- tion into a mass party, strengthen- ing its iron discipline and breaking with all the deviations which can cbstruct the march toward the vic- tery of the revolution. Before the closing of the Con- gress, the delegates heard the greet- ing of the delegate from the Com- munist Party of the United States, Robert Minor. Comrade Minor de- clared that the Communist Party of the United States had much to learn from the rich experiences of its brother party and that its most imnortant task wes, therefore. not only fraternal inspiration from their struggles. but the realization in practice of the revolutionary duty of the Communist Party of the metropolis with the people op- pressed by the imperialism of its own country, concretized in the mobilizetion and organization of the proletariat of the United States for a powerful movement of soli- darity with and help to the strug- eles of the Communist Party of Cuba, for the overthrow of the com- mon enemy, Yankee imperialism. The Second Congress of the Com- munist Party of Cuba before elect- ing a new central committee unani- mously adopted the political resolu- tion and sent its greetings to the followine brother parties: The Com- munist arty of the U.S. 8. R., and to Comrade Stalin; to the heroic German Party and its leader Com- vade Thaelmann; to the Commu- nist Party of China and the Chi- nese Red Army; to the Communist Parties of South America, and the Caribbean and to the Communist On Saturday last, Mussolini, juste ifying his huge war expenditures, declared. “It is easy to go to the workers and tell them their wages are ta be increased. Such an announces ment is sure to be greeted with appiause. But the duty of the Fascist is to say to the workers: Make this sacrifice because it will enable us to face competition in the international market.” Nor does the fascist stop with argument. He uses the most open, naked, violent instruments of the capitalist state to force the workers to accept lower living standards; smashes their organization, their right to strike, very much as the bosses in Toledo, Ohio, are attempt- ing to do, but under the guise of safeguarding “law and order” under ray “democracy.” , Saat ee IAVING smashed down the living © standards of the workers, and preparing even still worse condi- tions, Mussolini, plans to immerse the toilers into a new bloody slaughter in order to win world markets for the Italian capitalists. For fascism, imperialist war be« comes the highest ideal, the great- est glory. “The terrible question mark that has weighed on the minds of the 4 multitude from the dawn of his~ tory to today is this: will it be peace of will it be war?” Mussolini answers unmistakably that it will be war! How true, how prophetic are the words of the 13th Plenum of the Communist International, adopted less than six months ago! “The growing uncertaint of the bourgeoisie as to the possibility of finding a way out of the crisis only by the intensified exploita- tion of the toilers of their own countries, has led the imperialists to put their main stake on war. The international situation bears all the features of the eve of a new world war... The bour- geoisie wants to postpone the doom of capitalism by a criminal imperialist war and a counter- revolutionary campaign against the land of victorious socialism.” * eer A LITTLE over eight and one half years ago our Hungarian com= rade and leader of the Communist Party of Hungary, Matias Rakosi, was sentenced to the cruelest bar- baric, disciplinary | punishment, Bravely, Comrade Rakosi bore his imprisonment. He lived through the severest tortures, endured the hardest, most back-breaking labor, On Apri! 24 last, his sentenced ended. But Comrade Rakosi is still in jail. The Hungarian bourgeoisie has its pound of flesh, but it regrets not getting Rakosi’s life blood with it. 1 At first, the Hungarian author- ities remained silent about the con- tinued imprisonment of Rakosi. Under pressure of growing world protest they were forced to look for i a new frame-up. { Comrade Rakosi, who was People’s Commissar in the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1918, is now charged (after he had been tried, convicted, and served sentence on every crime the prosecution could then imagine) with the murder of 386 people, be- sides a few robberies, counterfeit ings, and whatever else the fertile imagination of the Hungarian per- secution could discover in the criminal code. Hungarian fascism, fearing a new spectre of a Hungarian Soviet, is forced to attempt a new trial and f conviction of Comrade Rakosi. This time they wan to supplement the eight and one half years of torture with freedom on the gallows. Only the most vigorous protests to the Hungarian consulates and embassy in the United States by the American workers can help the world campaign to free our brave Comrade Reakosi, who has paid even the vicious penalty exacted from him by Fascist scoundrels whose crimes are written in vile and bloody letters in the histories of Party of the United States. the most utterly depraved.