The Daily Worker Newspaper, May 22, 1934, Page 4

Page Four PARTY LIFE Formalism and Red Tape Strangle Mass Recruiting | “Laxity Has No Place in Revolutionary Move- ment,” Y.C. “At the recent Party con- vention the youth problem was stressed. The Party in- tends to increase the mem- L. far How bership of the Y. ahead of Party. does the Y. C. L. carry out its t ? In the vein of self-critic- ism, I would like to criticize the League. the “I have been in the revolution- ary youth movement for the past four years. I recently decided to join the Y. C. L., since I felt that was the place for all revolutionary youth. I made out an application for membership. I waited one week. and then received a letter asking me to come to Section 1| from where I would be assigned to | I came there at the ap-/| @ unit. pointed night and waited around for more than two hours. Nobody showed up! I-let the matter rest for two weeks and then decided to try again. This time, however, I met one of the comrades there and explained my case. She told me that the organizational committee would meet the following night and that she would take up my case there and then notify me the day | ¢xisted than on May Day. Just be- | By a Metal Worker Correspondent | before the unit meets. Up to the present time, five weeks after I had made out my application, I have not received an answer. “Such laxity has no place in a revolutionary movement. If we in- tend to win over the majority of the working-class youth, we must make a very strong effort to a’ tract and hold them to our organi- sation. “Comradely B. S., “A Y. C. L. COMRADE.” The writer of this letter raised the problem of the formalism and red tape that still continues to discourage and drive away many L.’er Writes sincere young workers from the revolutionary movement. We thank B. S. for his per- sistency and for raising the prob- lem publicly. It will help in di- recting fire against those respon- sible for such situations. The criticism of Section No. 1 of the Y¥. C. L. will be looked into im- mediately with an effort te cor- rect the complaint that has been made. ¥. C. L, BUREAU. Join the Communist Party | | 36 E. 12th STREET, N. Y. C. | Please send me more informa- | tion on the Communist Party. |] Street . MAY DAY IN HELPER By a Mine Worker Correspondent HELPER, Utah. — The city of Helper has never seen bigger excite- ment since the state of Utah has | Cause the workers were going to| | parade and celebrate the Workers’ | Day. When I first stepped on the side- | walk on May Day, when I came to| town, I met four ignorant fellows! with clubs in their hands. They| | were active on the bosses’ side dur- ing the coal mine strike last year, and we all know that yellowjackets | from last year will sting you just) the same. Before the May Day parade, a| | committee from each organization | | went over to the Dr. Mayor E. F. | Cianottis with resolutions, and he | didn’t expect it. He tried to be as nice as hell to the workers, but he | } already uses the fascist salute. CITY AND FARM WOMEN IN DRIVE AGAINST WAR “When the last war came upon us and caught us unorganized, we were not able to do what we should have done,” writes Mrs. Maggie Pritchau, farmer's wife of Ravenna, Nebraska, who pledges her support of the Women’s International Con- gress Against War and Fascism convening in Paris, July 28, 29, and 30, 1934. “This time we must not allow this to happen again. I was one of the few in this territory that took our lives in our hands to stick up leaflets against the war. I hope that before the next war we will be able to learn that we have a lot of kaisers here at home and we don’t need to go across the water.” Mrs. Pritchau is a member of the National Executive Committee of the American Section. In addition to-Mrs. Pritchau, there are three other farm women on the National Committee: Mrs. Elba Chase of Hillsboro, New Hampshire, who is @ member of the Grange and the New England United Farmers’ Pro- tective Association, Mrs. Grace Hen- Gerson of Archer, Montana, and Mrs. C. I. Halquist of Colorado. All four of these women have been active in the struggles of the farmers for the right to live on the land they have tilled and cul- tivated for years and generations and they have determined to use their influence to broaden the wom- en’s movement against war and fas- cism here in the United States. Great Activity in Pennsylvania Philadelphia: The entire appara- tus of the American League Against War and Fascism of the State of Pennsylvania has accepted the task of organizing the women of Penn- Sylvania for the Paris Congress. Kay Lewis Harris, secretary of the League in Philadelphia, and Anna Pennypacker, treasurer, report that 30 women representing ten or- ganizations met in the local office of. the Women’s _ International League for Peace and Freedom and launched the campaign for a re- gional conference to be held on June 30.. The delegation to Paris will be elected at this conference. The committee has already es- tablished contacts in Delaware, where the work is being conducted by Mrs, H. D. Waro. Pittsburgh: Fayette County has been chosen as the concentration Point of the Women’s Committee of the American Léague Against War and Fascism of this city in its campaign supporting the Paris Con- gress. A sub-committee has been elected to establish contact with the Ladies’ Auxiliaries of the U.M.W.A., who will be urged to elect a delegate to the Paris Congress. A local con- ference will be held in Fayette County to elect delegates to the re- gional conference in Pittsburgh on June 24. The chairman of the Pittsburgh committee, which already has 23 Members representing various or- ganizations (including the Y. W. C. A.), is Jessie Lloyd O’Connor; the secretary is Sonia Strauss. In addition to work among the miners’ wives, the Pittsburgh Com- Mittee is concentrating on a textile factory which employs several hun- dred women workers. (Textile fac- tories as well as glove and shoe factories are readily convertible to serve war needs). The Pittsburgh Committee real- iacd the importance of reaching the women of the mining regions for the struggle against war and fascism and they pledge themselves to en- list their support and active par- ticipation in the campaign for the “International Congress. Mass meet- organized; 1,000 copies of the spe- cial June issue of FIGHT have been ordered, in order to involve the largest possible number of women in this work. * * * And are the Cleveland women planning gorgeous methods of pub-| licizing- the campaign! Details to-| morrow. | Headquarters Section of the International Wom-| en’s Congress Against War and Fas-| cism are at 112 E. 19th St., Room 605, New York City. Any of our!/ readers who have not as yet re-| ceived directives (including the col-| lection leaflet “Against War and} Fascism”) from their organizations should communicate with Grace} Allen or Ida Dailes at.the above ad-| dress. | Can You Make °Em Yourself? A slip that wraps around the figure, crossing in the back, with} one end of the belt slipping thru | a slash in the side seam, is excel- lent to go under summer frocks. It | is adjustable, so there is a good hem for lengthening. Pattern 1897 is available in sizes | 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46. Size 36 takes 314 yards 39 inch fabric. | Illustrated step-by-step sewing in- | structions included. Send FIFTEEN CENTS (15c) in coins or stamps (coins preferred) for this Anne Adams pattern. Write | plainly name, address and_ style number. BE SURE TO STATE THE | SIZE. Address orders to Daily Worker | Pattern Department, 243 West 17th t New York City, ( aad Scab Printers Are Employed to Make Home Relief Cards By a Home Relief Worker NEW YORK.—Since cash re- lief will come into effect about May 21, we have been rushed to death preparing cash relief cards and our usual food tickets. Two weeks ago we ran out of cash relief cards. No one knew why. Yesterday we found out that the relief officials had been exemplifying the demag y of the LaGuardia, Roose and Co, New Deal. They had been bargaining with New York City printers who employ union help, and discovered that they could do better by going out of town to some scab shop. This they did and so showed themselves in their true light to the hesitant class-conscious workers in our Office. These workers were actually waiting for a break from these reactionaries. Our salaries have been reduced from 20 per cent to 30 per cent, and still these work- ers claimed that a “gentlemanly and peaceful approach” would get us our cuts back. They see all now, however. Cet Nothing for Overtime Making US.Navy Supplies BROOKLYN, N. Y—The Bell ‘elephone Laboratories, subsidiary of Western Electric, on West Bethune St., is busy working over- time, 60 hours a week, manufac- turing radio apparatus and supplies for the United States Navy. At the same time the workers are not being paid for overtime. The silly pretext is that not all workers are putting in overtime and the company (kind- hearted souls) doesn't want to pay one group more than another, be- cause, they say, that wouldn't be fair. This is a sample of the Bell Company’s fairness while they speed up war preparations. Sequel to Tale of the $1.39 Check | By a Metal Worker Correspondent GRAND RAPIDS, Mich—The Daily Worker of Feb. 27 shows a photo of a check for $1.39 paid to a worker in Grand Rapids by the Grand Rapids Brass Co. for eight hours’ work—and thereby hangs a tale; a nasty, unclean, capitalist tale. The worker received this check |on Feb. 5 for work performed on Jan. 31. He was paid at the rate of 17 cents per hour for doing work, and more of it, than he did in the same pliant five years. ago for 80 cents an hour. For three days he of the American| tried to get some satisfaction from | an A QOOMEF FING M5 ; the company, but all that he got was the run-around from official to official. He took the check to both of the daily papers, explaining to them that the N. R. A. code in the Fab- ricated Metal Industry wasn't be- ing done right by; but the editors weren't even mildly interested. He then wrote to the Regional Board of the N. R. A. He received a letter from the N. R. A. gents to the effect that they had recorded his complaint and that he need not write to them again about it; this on Feb. 26. On April 11, he received a letter from the Grand Rapids Brass Co., ask- ing him to come to their office. He was received graciously and was handed $1.81 and asked to sign a paper stating that he had now re- ceived his full pay for Jan 31. They explained it was a bookkeeping mis- take. The worker knows that it was not an error, for that same day many | of the others received checks even smaller than his; and though they grumbled about it they took it lying down. And he has also learned which side the N. R. A. is on. He was shown that the N. R. A., instead of “going down the line” on the cheat- ing bosses, called chiselers, sent in the worker’s name to the masters— thus exposing him to the blacklist of all the shops in the city. DISCRIMINATION By a Worker Correspondent TOLEDO, Ohio.—My husband is on charity and he went to look for work. They said the people on charity would get work first. So I wonder why my husband did not get work. I went down to the State Em- ployment Office in Toledo. They told me he could not get the work because he didn’t have second citi- zenship papers in America. He is married to an American girl. My father was American, came from the State of New York and my mother came from County Kerry, Ireland. I am an _Irish- American and my husband is Syrian. We are real American, more than President Roosevelt is, and I be- long to the Unemployed Council. SOVIET CORRESPONDENCE The Daily Worker has received a request from a Soviet worker in a tool cutting plant, to be put in touch with workers in American tool cutting plants. Workers who wish to correspond directly with this Soviet worker, write to F. B. Lyskin, Room 1, Apt. 5, 5rd Proyezd, 8 Vseobutch St., Moscow, ' Perovo. DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, TUESDAY, MAY 22, 1934 | (By a Metal Worker Correspondent) NEW YORK.—I would like to sayy per cent for wages below | mands.” METAL STRIKE WON BY MILITANT LEADERSHIP Most of Workers’ Dema Firm Tactics of mds Granted Because of A Pol Bie, 498 Bas 2 & a few words how strikes can be won if we had a good leadership. Friday noontime the organizer of our Steel and Metal Workers In- dustrial Union came up to the shop/ where I work, Sanitary Dash Cor- poration at 121 West 19th St., and put forward our demands: Recog- nition of oux union; increases of 20) 25, of 10} per cent for wages above $25, and of $4 to $6 for wages from $14 to $20, In our place we also have needle workers, and for them we demanded a 10 per cent increase plus res- toration of a 5 per cent cut which} the boss made several weeks ago. Our organizer Lustig presented our demands in a clear and class- conscious manner. The boss, how- ever, tried to argue that he is a good boss, he wants the workers to make a living (and be believes they are even making a living under the old wages) but he must meet com- petition. Comrade Lustig put him “right on the spot” by telling him “competition is your worry, while our worry is recognition and getting our de- The boss did not even want to discuss the terms and the recognition question, So Comrade Lustig said to the committee, “Come on! We're on strike!” We all went own except for a nephew and a brother that remained ipstairs, also a cutter (who was al- ways a scab.) We started to picket} immediately and our ranks were| solid. | The boss started to maneuver by! telling us that he wants to settile| with the committee but he doesn’t want to have our organizer at the} settlement, We told him, however, that if he wants to settle, then les him call up the organizer, an® to- gether with the committee we'll go up. Seeing that this maneuver was} a failure he called up our organizar| this morning (May 15th) and we) started to discuss the demands. He| gave to each member of the com- mittee a typewritten sheet of what he consents to and what he rejects. Well, the three-day strike made him compromise on everything. The skilled man for whom we demanded @ 10 per cent increase he offered 5 per cent but gave in and agreed on the 10 per cent. Young, unskilled workers he offered a 10 per cent in- crease whereas our demands calls for 20 per cent and we settled for 10 per cent. Here’s where our or- ganizer and the committee failed to fight strong enough for the 20 per cent demand. Our demand failed to understand why our boss opposed. this demand vigorously. This, I un- derstand, was a maneuver on the part of the boss to break up the unity between the young and the old workers. As to the young work- ers for whom we put out special de- mands, they got just half our de- mands, increases from $2 to $2.50, and needle workers got 10 per cent— 5 per cent raise, and the 5 per cent wage cut back, However, it was a great victory for both the union and the workers. The union can go ahead and tell the workers of other shops—“Go ahead, get organized—all workers will get wage increases, and your jobs will be safeguarded.” F Pat, Second and Third Class Relief at Wayfarers’ Lodge Superintendent and His Chosen Few Get Best Conditions, While Homeless Workers Can’t Even Get A Knife and Fork By a Worker Correspondent CLEVELAND, Ohio— Because I was a member of the 105th Branch, National Unemployment. Councils, and very active in com- mitees, the relief offices here of- fered me a job in the relief bu- reau basement at $12, which after a few weeks changed to 10, then $11.50. My duties were to write medical histories for the Federal Transient Bureau. This examina- tion of the men is a graft for. in- fluential doctors who are working for fifty cents a head. (This is a fact, as my duties -were also to make out the doctor's report.) ‘These examinations are a joke be- cause when a man’s teeth need at- tention, or he needs glasses, or has special deformities of the feet re- quiring special shoes, or immediate operations for tonsils, etc., he is told gently but firmly that the govern- ment has made no appropriations for these things. They never let me forget I was working for relief (Federal Work Relief) and when I told them I had to wear as many clean shirts a week as their trained social workers, and look as presentable and neat, that it wasn’t right to ask me to work 10 extra hours a week in addition to my regular hours, unless they were willing to make it up with extra food or clothing orders or cash, I was told if I did not want to work for starvation wages, they could get someone who would. So now I am back on relief—that is back where I started, but I am not as firmly gagged or handcuffed as before. Conditions in this Wayfarers’ Lodge are disgraceful and as your printed letter states as of May 14. It is all true, only he does not state the half of it. For instance; the three dining-rooms there. One is known as the Big Shots Room, where flunkies dressed in white pants and coats serve the superin- tendents and the other dozen chosen few. White tablecloths, padded, silverware that is silverware and everything in the way of ketchups, sauces, pickles, etc., The word is spread around they eat what the homeless eat, but I know different. Then comes the employed men’s room. Men chosen from the ranks of the hungry who do get what the homeless get in the way of food, with the exception that they at least Board Charge Takes One Third of Pay From Restaurant Workers By a Worker Correspondent. SPOKANE, Wash.—I am writing to express my opinion of the so- called New Deal. As a non-service employe in a restaurant here, I re- ceive a weekly wage of $9.60 for a 48-hour week, after $3 had been deducted for board. Who ever heard of them charging restaurant employes for board before the N. R. A.? On a weekly wage of $9.60, after you pay room rent, laundry, for your meals on your day off and a few other incidentals, what have you left? If the employers were so much in sympathy with the workers, then why do the restaurant owners charge their employes for board? How can there be anything in com- mon between the exploiting class and the exploited class? So, from my experience with the N. R. A. I would term it so much bunk. It has cut the hours down, but where is the so-called increased purchasing power? have a knife and fork to eat with, and a room apart from the others to eat in. Then comes the barn where the workers seat. They are only allowed @ spoon to eat with, with the ex- planation they may fight and hurt each other if given a knife and fork. They are herded in and herded out in lines. Unemployment Drives Girl to Attempt Suicide By a Worker Correspondent CHESTER, Pa—Another tragedy from the drama now being played by the Roosevelt-Wall Street gov- ernment has been enacted here to- day. Dorothy Larantana, a girl worker, 20 years of age, took poison and tried to end her life, and now lies in the Chester Hospital at the point of death. Just the night before this tragic event, she, with her sister, a mar- ried woman with a family, called on the Chairman of Branch No, 3 of the Unemployed Councils and begged him to write letters of ap- plication for employment to various factories, and also to try to get a food order for the family, as they were destitute. When the Chair-/ man called at her sister’s house, he learned that she had taken poison and lay at the point of death in Chester Hagpital. Comrades—fellow .workers, wake up! You have the right—you have the power to end all misery by or- ganizing and combatting this vicious system of exploitation and greed. You have the courage, use it! Government Buys from Firm That Cuts Staff and Reduces Wages By a Worker Correspondent NEW YORK—Recently, listening to General Johnson over the radio endeavoring to boost the flagging interest in the N.R.A., I heard him remark that the government does not patronize concerns that do not fly the Blue Eagle. This may be true, but what does the government say about patronizing firms that fly the Blue Eagle but violate the alleged rules of the N.R.A.? The Baker & Taylor Co., a book selling establishment of long stand- ing, in the year before the N.R.A. reduced wages approximately 20 per cent. When the N.R.A. ballyhoo was at its height it returned a slight fraction of the wages that had been cut. However, Baker & Taylor had no intention of paying this out of their own pocket. With the Blue Eagle squatting securely on the wall, the firm made its first mass lay-off since the depression. Since February some 50 or more employes were discharged, some of whom could boast of long years of faith- ful service. Even with this lay-off some of the remaining employes had to take another wage-cut in the form of a week off without pay. At the same time that the firm thus violates the N.R.A. by mass lay-offs it sells merchandise to numerous governmental institu- tions, and the Blue Eagle hasn’t let out so much as a squeak. The Daily Worker gives you full news about the struggle for un- Soviet Laboratories 100% Better Than in U.S., Says Specialist By a Metal Wo ker Corre- spondent MOSCOW, U.S. S. R.—I am at present working as a foreign specialist in metallurgy at a large plant manufacturing elec- tric motors and locomotives. I am highly pleased with the work, and am highly satisfied, for I feel that I am being of real help to the factory. The thing that pleases me most in my observa~ tion of Soviet industry is their laboratories — the completeness with which they are equipped. They have marvelous possibili- ties for research in industrial problems. The laboratory in which I work is equipped 100 per cent better than any I had the privilege to work in in the U. S. Why Fisher Body Closed Its Plant in Flint, Mich. By an Auto Worker Correspondent FLINT, Mich.—After inquiring among the workers, I found that there is a strike at Fisher Body plant No. 1. On the morning of May 3 the oil and wet sanders went on strike as a protest against the speed-up and the discharge of workers because they dared to protest against speed- uy The oil-sanders are allowed to make $1.10 an hour, and the order was to speed them at whatever cost, that through such speed-up they want those workers to bring out twice as much work per day. Six workers protested against the speed- up by refusing to work, for it was impossible. When the bosses tried to fire these six workers, the others, 4 > Ng a ex (eae (3 | PLANT SHUT, r NAC COUN] i) ‘oF wonwers \k DEMANDS a hearing about it, protested, which developed into a strike of oil sand- ers and wet sanders. There are about 30 of them, maybe more. One can imagine what beastly driving was going on if those workers were earning $1.10 per hour and yet they were dissatisfied. The papers here are quiet about it; not a word is mentioned in the Flint Journal. Just what happens is this: Fisher Body officials, in order to prevent a sprad of this oil sanders strike ordered the clos- ing of the entire plant. It is said that they plan to fire everyone of those oil and wet sanders, put them on the blacklist, hire new men at lower wages, and further, they are telling that the A. F. of L. must do something about those workers or else the Fisher Body will not re- open, and those less broad-minded are afraid that the Fisher Body will close, but the majority of the work- ers say: “Let them close the plant for all we care. We'll see how long they can stand not making their profits.” There is no picketing. The gen- eral talk that the company is short of stock on account of the Cleveland strike is true, but the main reason for the shut-down of the plant is on account of the oil and wet sand- ers’ strike. It is all that I know so far. I must add that some of the finishers on the small Buick bodies are earn- ing only 46 cents per hour, and set up is just as bad. It is said that the company is doing its best to make that small Buick for one-third the price of the large. 4 ie LETTERS FROM OUR READERS ATTENTION “TWO WORKERS” New York City Dear Comrades: As class conscious workers, my wife and I always take pleasure in supporting the revolutionary move- ment. There are many ways in which this can be accomplished. So, having seen that a bazaar is being planned for the end of this month, we decided to go there, espe- cially as we need a lot of things. But with the few dollars the capi- talist class allows us, we must be careful. We must figure out how much we can spend after paying rent, gas, light, I.W.O. dues, union dues, etc., etc. Now we haven't got much to spend, but if we do go to the bazaar we must immediately pay out one dollar (unless we buy tickets in advance, which we can’t do.) This dollar is more than we can spare. Why can’t the price be brought down to 10 or 15 cents? We will spend the dollar and probably more, but we must have something to show for it. We believe too, that if the price is reduced to 10 or 15 cents, many more workers will come and, once inside, they will spend more, but at 50c a piece, they will stay out. We do want to go to this bazaar, but at one dollar admission, it just “can't be done.” TWO WORKERS. Pi ee Editorial Note The admission to this year’s Communist Party Bazaar, which is being held on May 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th, at Manhat- tan Lyceum, is lower than any other year. The daily admission is 35c, 25c, if you buy your ticket in advance; Saturday 59c, and 40c in advance; a combination ticket for 5 days is 85c, Admission on Saturday and Sunday will be free until 5 p.m. NOTE: We publish letters from steel, metal and auto workers every Tuesday. We urge workers in these industries to write us of their working conditions and of their efforts to organize. Please I sure like Mike Gold. I cer- tainly enjoy his column employment insurance, Subscribe get the letters to us by Friday of each week The Struggle Against Social Fascism in the Middle West | | By WM. SCHNEIDERMAN N THE Minnesota district we are-eonfronted with a problem of struggle against social fascism, which has also become an increasing prob- lem for a number @ states in the Middle West. We are dealing with the Farmer-Labor Party of Minnesota, which in the last elections polled half a million votes. At the present time we find this movement, the illusions in Gov. Olsen and the Farmer-Labor Party, spreading into other states of the Middle West, particularly in Wisconsin where a Farmer-Labor Party movement is already estab- lished; in the state of Michigan, where a Farmer-Labor Party is be- ing formed, and in South Dakota, Iowa and a number of other states. Just a little while ago the Milwau- kee comrades informed me that Norman Thomas sent a letter to Wisconsin proposing that the S. P. shall support the establishment of a Farmer-Labor Party in Wiscon- sin, and help to establish the third party movement. Now, comrades, the struggle against the illusions in the radical phrases of.the Farmer-Labor Party js a very difficult one, and I think it is necessary for the Party to draw some lessons from the achieve- ments, and especially the short- comings in our struggle in Minne- sota against the Farmer-Labor Par- ty. They have recently held a state convention where, as a re- sult of the growing upsurge, it was necessary to formulate a radical program to satisfy the leftward trend of the masses. In this pro- gram the Farmer-Labor Party de- Clares that capitalism is a failure, that it must be abolished immedi- ately, and proposes to take over the industries and to run them in the interests of the unemployed, to feed the unemployed. This program Sows many illusions in the minds of the masses. The Farmer-Labor Party is very skillful in its left maneuvers, in order to hide its real program. What is its real program? As far as the Roosevelt New Deal is con- cerned, it has given it full endorse- ment. The F.-L.P. leaders are state enforcement officers of the N.R.A. When strikes break out they rush to establish strike-breaking ma- chinery of the N.R.A. boards. At the same time they cover up their support of the New Deal and in- dulge in left demagogy. For in- stance, at the same time as they are helping to carry through the Roosevelt program, some of the left leaders of the Party, including the head of the Farmers Holiday Asso- ciation, make a tour of the state and denounce the N.R.A. as fas- cism, and denounce the whole Roosevelt program among the workers and farmers. What has been our role in the struggle against the F.-L.P.? We can relate a few achievements, not many. Where we have been able to Minneapolis Unemployed Struggles Liquidated One Farmer-Labor Local; Workers Join C. P. developed the sentiment of the rank and file and the A. F. of L. unions—the mass pressure forced the state convention of the F.-L.P. to take up the question of ene |dorsing the Workers Unemployment | Insurance Bill. Of course, they do go in with the idea of supporting |the bill, but whatever prestige the | H.R. 7598 has, they are trying to |develop in support of the F.-L.P. and in the state of Minnesota, when they speak of it, they speak of it as Lundeen’s bill. Of course, we do our best to show the workers that it isn’t the Lundeen bill and if it will ever be adopted, it will be brought forth as the Workers Unemployment Insurance Bill. In the city of Minneapolis, by carrying on a struggle on the un- employed field, it was possible to Lquidate a local of the F.-L.P. and its leading best elements have come into the Communist Party. We also find that the recent struggles de« veloped among the C.W.A. and un- employed workers, the struggles which only this week have taken on @ very serious form in the demon- strations of last Tuesday and to- day, are made up to a large extent of followers of the F.-L.P. At the same time, we made seri- ous shortcomings in the fight against social fascism. First, our ideological struggles are usually confined only to the election period. We do not carry on an ideological campaign and exposure of the F. L, P. Secondly, the F. L. P. is not built of a mass membership as is the Socialist Party; as a matter of fact, they have less than 1,000 dues paying members, but their main base is in the A. F. of L. unions and Farmers’ Holiday Association. And it is because of our weakness in the A. F. of L, unions and our slowness to develop opposition in the A. F. of L. that we have been weak in our struggle against the F. L. P. There- fore, when we talk about our trade union work, we have the task of linking it up with social fascism, Although we have concentrated on building the united front, we have been very slow in penetrating the Farmers’ Holiday Association rank and file, where there is great fer- ment and disintegration among the leaders. The third party movement is a problem which is spreading and, I believe, it is necessary to call atten- tion to this important question. Such outstanding leaders as Con- gressman Lundeen, Mayor Mahoney and even Governor Olsen are lead ing this third party movement, Only recently, a statement was is- sued proposing to form a National F. L. P. in 1936 and to run Gov- ernor Olsen as President. There is no question that there is a definite danger that with the disillusion- ment of the masses in the New Deal there will be a development for the building of such a moye- ment, and it is necessary for the other districts to organize an ideological campaign against the spreading of the F. L. P. into these cities. I would propose that the Central Committee pay more atten- tion in the press to the program develop a real struggle for unem- ployment insurance—we have only and activities of the Farmers’ Labor Party. SUMMER HYGIENE (Continued) Clothing As a general rule, it is advantage- ous to wear outer garments that are light in color rather than those made of dark-colored material. This is because black absorbs more heat than white. White or cream color men’s suits and women’s dresses, as well as widely-cut garments, reflect most of the sunshine and, therefore, have a tendency to keep the heat out of the body. The question of underwear, in the summer time, is an important one. There is a tendency, particularly among young people, to go without underwear. This is an error; first, because the lack of underwear does not really promote coolness; sec- ondly, because the lack of some ma- terial to absorb the perspiration from the skin exposes the individual to sudden chilling of the body, which may bring about a serious condition. We have known many of those “no-underwear heroes” and “heroines” to suffer from permanent sniffling and colds in the head throughout the entire summer. In quite a number of cases, this con- dition has become the foundation on which chronic nose-infections and sinus trouble have developed. It is not entirely uncommon to come across a number of pneumonia cases, in the middle of summer, al- most invariably occurring among those who despise the wearing of underwear. When choosing summer under- wear, as well as outer garments, one must bear in mind how much they will influence the loss of heat from the skin and to what extent they will affect the rate of evaporation of sweat. These two factors de- pend upon the nature of the ma- terial and upon the method of manufacture of the fabric. All ma- terials used for clothing purposes are made either from vegetable fibers, such as cotton and linen, or from animal fibers, such as wool and silk; some fabrics being made from a combination of both. | Animal fibers such as wool have the advantage of being lesser con- ductors of heat and more hygro- scopic (i. e., they have a greater capacity for absorbing water vapor). Woolen fabrics, therefore, will pro- ls By PAUL LUTTINGER, M.D. tect the body from the loss of heat, as well as from the absorption of heat, and at the same time they allow sufficient ventilation of the Jayer of air next to the skin. This layer of air will not become satu- rated with water vapor. This is why sweat-shirts are made of wool and the natives of Egypt and in Arabia protect themselves against the heat by wearing woolen bour- nos (a kind of wide, sleeveless coat), in which they wrap themselves, as a protection against the rays of the sun. It is too much to expect young people to wear even thin woolen un- derwear in the summer-time, al- though these are really the ideal undergarments from the scientific point of view. Fortunately, this is not necessary, because the methods of manufacturing certain fabrics, as we have said above, also influences the rate of sweat evaporation and loss of heat. We may divide the manufacture of materials in two main classes: woven material in which there is a warp and a woof, and knitted fabrics in which the thread or yarn is looped or knotted. When a material is looped or knot- ted, it is more porous, which means that the amount of air entrapped in the meshes of the fabric is larger and, therefore, such material be- comes a non-conductor of heat, like wool. In the winter-time, we ought to favor materials which are woven; while in the summer the knitted cotton goods are looser, more porous and more permeable, which per- mits the easier evaporation of sweat and a freer circulation between the shirt-skin layer of air and the out— ‘side. Smooth-woven cotton or silk becomes too easily saturated with perspiration and thus forms prac tically a sheet of water which pre- vents evaporation from the skin and increases the danger from sud- den local chilling from drafts. The rue, therefore, for underclothing, as well as for outer garments, should be: closely woven materials for the winter and knitted fabrics for the summer. 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