The Daily Worker Newspaper, April 23, 1934, Page 6

Page Six Daily PNTRAL ORGAN COMMUNIST Pi 10M OF COMMUMIST INTERMATIOWAS) “America’s Only Working Class Daily Newspaper” FOUNDED 1924 PUBLISHED DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAY, BY THE COMPRODAILY PUBLISHING CO., INC. 3 B. 18th Street, New York, N. ¥. Telephone: ALgonquin 4-7954. Cable Adare: Da New York, N. ¥ ington National Press Building, 4th and F Midwest Burea Telephone: Dearbo! St., Room 706, Chicage, Hl 3931 Subscription Rates: By Mail 5 months Manhattan 3. months MONDAY, APRIL 238, 1934 R.R. Men! Slam the Brakes on Roosevelt’s Pay Cutting AILROAD workers were the first to feel the effects of those lessons, President Roosevelt boasted he so well learned, from the voracious barracuda and man-eating sharks on his recent fishing trip. In a letter to Joseph B. Eastman, read to the railway labor executives of the 21 standard railway unions, Roosevelt in- sisted that the profits of the rich railroad magnates be preserved at the expense of extending the 10 per cent wage cut for all railroad work- ers from July 1, 1934, to January 1, 1935. The president of the “forgotten man” never forgets to fill the pockets of the railroad bondholders and coupon clippers. Stooping {o the vilest hypocrisy, Roosevelt tried to tell the railroad workers that he will see to it that the profits which he admits are increasing on the railroads will be used to benefit unemployed railroad workers. That comes from the President who drove 4,000,000 C. W. A. workers out of jobs. It comes from the President who spends billions for war while slashing unemployment relief. it is an insult to the intelligence and experi- ence of the railroad workers. The railroad labor executives are greatly dis- turbed by Roosevelt's latest pronouncements. They are in the position of maneuvering to help Roose- velt and the railroad bosses, and yet meeting the tremendous, growing discontent of the rank and ffle. In an evidently inspired interview with the New York Times, A. F. Whitney, chief spokesman for the railroad labor executives, talks big of ‘“‘strike.” He knows that strike action is in the mind of the rank and file who see no other way of stopping the further slash of their wages when the cost of living mounts skyward. “Our only alternative appears to call for a strike ballot, in order to prove our point in this matter.” Observe the sliminess of this statement. He wants a strike ballot, not to call a strike, but to prove that the railroad workers do not want a wage cut. The railroad executives will use the strike bal- lot to extend negotiations, to drag the conferences on, to wear out the workers, to bind them hand and foot to the compulsory-arbitration, sffikebreak- ing Railroad Labor Act. In order to protect President Roosevelt in the eyes of the indignant and enraged railroad work- ers, Mr. Whitney declared: “We have no fault to find with President Roosevelt or co-ordinator East- man.” No fault to find with the chief government representative of the railroad bosses who uses the government machinery to slash the railroad work- ers’ pay! No fault to find with the President who saved the automobile bosses from a strike for higher pay and union recognition, with the help of the A. F. of L. officialdom! Mr. Whitney, on behalf of the railway labor executives, seeks now to prepare the railroad workers to submit to the inevitable strikebreaking that Roosevelt will try to put over on the railroad workers, Whai frightens the railroad magnates and the railroad labor officialdom is the undenied and grow- ing militancy of the railroad union rank and file. E issues are now as clear as the noon-day sun, The Roosevelt government is using all its force to preserve the profits of the railroad bosses at the expense of holding down the wages of the railroad workers. The officialdom is work- ing with might and main to keep the workers’ faith in this Wall Street president and in his strikebreaking maneuvers. There is only one way out for the railroad workers. The rank and file of every railroad lodge in the country must answer this wage- cutting dictate of Roosevelt and the railroad own- ers by voting in favor of strike. They should not wait for the formal ballot of their misleaders. They should now elect their rank and file strike committee, they should mobilize their forces to carry through a strike. Continuation of negotia- tions now works against the interest of the rail- road workers. The officials must be called back from Washington. The battle must be prepared on the railroads. The only way to force an end to the wage cut and an increase in pay is by the actual stoppage of the railroads. Roosevelt has already indicated he is 100 per cent behind the railroad exploiters. The strike bal- lot “threat” of Mr. Whitney and Co. plays right into his hands, because it opens the way for a be- trayal similar to that handed to the auto workers. This must not be allowed to be repeated on the railroads, and it is up to the rank and file to take steps now to see that their strike preparations are not jammed like the A. F. of L. leaders jammed the auto strike. That pressure of the rank and file, which the railroad executives fear, must now be translated into action—the immediate preparation for strike. The railroad workers are ready for this strike. They must set up the machinery from below, by them- selves, to carry this strike into effect. * Roosevelt has spoken for the government of the railroad owners. The rank and file must now speak for railroad labor. And they must speak by action—by strike! Join the Communist Party 35 EAST 12TH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. | Please send me more information on the Lamar mist Party. QWorker = The Charge of the NRA The military command came from the doughty, two-fisted general, Hugh L. John- author of the “voluntary” Draft Act, and trained in the World War. son, The attack was furious and relentless —tanks, heavy artillery, machine guns and hand grenades. Overhead zoomed bombing planes hurling down destruction and death. On the tanks, on the bombing planes and on each machine gun was neat- ly placed the Order of the Blue Eagle. The intensity of the assault indicated that victory was a certainty. And when the smoke of battle had cleared, vultures were already swooping down upon the bat- tered remains of Jacob Maged, a tailor of Jersey Cit. Maged is now clutching the bars of a cell in the Jersey City jail, and must pay a fine of $100 for violating the Cleaners and Dyers Code. The press reports that while Maged is in jail his wife and four children are endeavoring to support themselves by running the tailor shop. It seems that New Jersey officials charged with prosecuting code violations admit that there are scores of similar cases in which convictions could be obtained, but somehow or other the convictions are not obtained—possibly because the “violators” are themselves in charge of the N.R. A. boards. Latest reports from the battlefront in- dicate that the directors of the Weirton Steel Corporation, the Budd Auto Body Co., and Henry Ford weren’t even dis- turbed by the flying shrapnel. “Where Is Rakovsky?. . Wee fuss in the capitalist press regard- ing Trotzky’s “plot to create a Fourth International” coincides with the an- nouncement that Christian Rakovsky, Trotzky’s closest friend and political aid, has publicly declared his final break with Trotzkyism, and proclaims the . indis- putable correctness of the Bolshevik lead- ership of Stalin and the Central Committee of the C. P. S. U. That the leadership of Stalin at the head of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is a true Marxist-Leninist lead- ership, building Socialism in the Soviet Union, thus strengthening the bulwark of the world revolution was proclaimed long ago by the entire toiling pop- ulation of the Soviet Union as well as the revolu- tionary proletariat of the world. The statement of Rakovsky comes, therefore, far behind the verdict of history and the world proletariat. But it nevertheless has a significance of its own. Rakovsky was bound to Trotzky by ties of the greatest personal association. Rakovsky wrote books together with Trotzky. Next to Trot- zky he was the admitted leader of Trotzkyism. In addition, Rakovsky is one of the oldest mem- bers of the Socialist movement in Europe, founder of several Socialist Parties in the Balkans as well as a participant in the founding of the Second In- ternational. All of which signifies that Rakovsky’s verdict on Trotaky and Trotzkyism is the expression of a man who belatedly returns to the fold of Lenin’s Party after recognizing the horrible truth that his associations with Trotzkyism were defiling and de- grading the meaning of his entire previous revolu- tionary activity for the liberation of the working class. Rakoysky's case has the additional interest that Trotzky’s followers had been for years wailing “Where is Rakovsky”? and spewing their rotten slanders and insinuations that “Stalin had had Rakovsky murdered,” etc., etc. It was to such filthy depths of scandal-mongering that Trotzky and his followers sank in their “political” struggle against the Communist International. Now Rakovsky’s voice itself rises to brand the whole international clique of counter-revolutionary Trotzkyism. * * . DAY, Trotzkyism has the active co-operation of the most reactionary French imperialist bour- geoisie as well as the whole world capitalist press in the puffing up of Trotzkyism. The expulsion of Trotzky by the French Government does not mean that the French bourgeoisie recognizes Trot- zkyism as in any way dangerous to its rule. Trot- zkyism is as cherished as ever by the capitalists as the main source of ideological counter-revolution against the Soviet Union. Who does not see in French imperialism’s fan- fare about Trotzky an obvious attempt to turn the eyes of the French masses away from the foulness of the Stavisky case? Who does not see that this publicity about Trotzky’s “revolutionary activities” right near Paris can become a convenient club against the anti-Fascist upsurge in France, and that the French government is using it for just that purpose? And in all the pretended fight about Trot- zky’s “plots,” who cannot see the world bourgeoisie still building Trotzky up before the masses as a “true revolutionist” in a conscious attempt to bol- ster his influence before the masses, an influence that shrinks hefore the victorious advance of the Soviet Union and the revolutionary upsurge, and which is very valuable to the bourgeoisie in the moral preparation for anti-Soviet intervention? . * . ITH Rakovsky’s final admission of the coun- ter-revolutionary nature of Trotzkyism, Trotzky stands naked and alone, deserted by the last of his important followers. Today, plotting a “Fourth International,” whose objective is to join the forces of world reaction in fighting the Communist International, spitting venom at the heroic German Communists, joining Chiang Kai-Shek in defaming the epoch-making Chinese Soviets as “bandits,” clasping hands with the White Guard Generals in Paris in calling for the overthrow of the “Stalin bureaucratic govern- ment” of the Soviet Union, Trotzkyism, now more than ever, confirms the remarkable Marxist-Lenin- ist insight of Stalin, who already in 1929 forever branded Trotzkyism with unerring accuracy as the “advance troops of counter-revolution,” & } DAILY WORKER, N Mac s Fight | on Fascism in South Italy, “Down With War!” Cry) Workers and | Women sonal | AT THE ITALIAN FRONTIER (By Mail).—Mass resistance against war and fascism has developed in several parts of Southern Italy. At Bari, when the military au- thorities ordered all windows closed, lights out, etc., in connection with | | anti-aircraft maneuvers, the women began a protest. | into a mass action, with widespread | struggles in the working-class dis- tricts, led by women, shouting pel slogan, “Down with war!” The military authorities were) compelled to cancel the anti-air-| | craft maneuvers. | At Tarento, a manifestation be- gan in the very ranks of the fas-| cists. It developed into mass dem- | onstrations in the streets, where the | workers shouted, “Down with fas-| cism!” “Down with war!” “We want a workers’ and peasants’ govern- ment!” The forces from three warships in the harbor were called to break up the demonstration. Four hun- dred were arrested, among them many members of fascist organiza- tions, and even a few officers of | | the fascist militia. | Nazis Say Jewish ‘Athletes Cannot > Train for Olympics Worker Sportsmen of| _ _ America Favor Boycott | of Games BERLIN—Although training for | the Olympic Games, scheduled to| be held in Berlin in 1936, is going | | on full force in Germany, the anti- | Semitic feeling evoked by the brutal | Hitler regime, has prohibited Jewish | clubs from participating in the pre- | liminary training for the games. | The Maccabees, Jewish sport clubs | with 15,000 members, and the | League of Jewish Front Soldiers with | 13,000 members, among others have | been barred from the training fields | and gymnasiums, most of which are in the hands of Nazi municipalities | es Nazi-led sport clubs. Although no official ban exists, | | Jewish athletes have been barred | from the sport events in the nation- | | wide search for “unknown Olympic | Shemuiensy * | NEW Ont, Athletes are being | |trained in America for the 1936/ | Olympic Games, by the Amateur | Athletic Union and the American | Olympic Committee, with the out- ‘i | look of sending a large delegation | to Germany despite the anti-Semitic | terror existing in Germany. Previous to the decision of the | American Olympic Committee to send a large delegation there, the AAU. had passed .a resolution threatening—in words—a boycott of the Olympic Games. | The American Olympic Commit- | tee, however, took the resolution up in Washington, where, under subtle official pressure, even this mild reso- | lution was watered down and the committee agreed to send an Ameri- can team there, Among the American committee who sponsored this weak resolu- tion are Brigadier Gen. Sherill, former U. S. ‘ambassador to Turkey, and General Douglas McArthur, chief of staff of the U. S. Army. Sherrill represented the American Olympic Committee at the meeting of the International Olympic com- mittee. ‘The Labor Sports Union of Amer- ica and rank and file athletes favor the boycott of the Olympic Games. The L. S, U. is the only organiza- tion, at present, putting up a de- termined fight in boycotting the Olympic Games. The protest grew| § EW YORK, MONDAY, APRIL 23, 1934 Paris R. R. Workers Help Berlin Brothers KF hight | Nazis DON’T LET THEM DO THIS ialist Seiloener socialist Leadership Communist Worker By Jacob Burek | 16-Year-Old Cuban Y.C.L. Leader Wins Jail Hunger Strike |N. Y. Workers Demand | Release of Prisoners | at Demonstration HAVANA.—Antonio Arce, 16-year | old worker, who was one of the 150) workers arrested under the anti- strike laws who carried on a hunger | strike in prison, is a member of the | section committee of the Young) | | ANTONIO ARCE Communist League of Luyano, dis- trict of Havana, despite his youth. He was arrested with 21 other) young workers for picketing a store| operated by scabs. He was taken to a police station at 10 a.m., and! was not given a morsel of food un- til 3 p.m. the next day. Along with the other prisoners, he went on a hunger strike, under} the slogan, “Freedom or death.” They maintained their strike for six | days, and won through the tremen- dous support given them by other | St. Louis, working youth of the Chi- 4. Nat ‘l Guard Groups Endorse Chicago Anti-War Youth Meet (Daily Worker Midwest Bureau) CHICAGO, April 22—Four Na-| tional Guard Regiment Committees | c@ Action, Against War are in- | cluded as endorsing together with eighteen youth organizations a call to action for an Illinois State Youth | Conference Against War and Fas- cism to be held Sunday, May 13, at 9 a. m. in the Church of New Jerusalem, Lemoyne anu California| Avenue, this city. The call is addressed to the “job- | less youth of the coal fields, young coal miners, employes of the war | industries of Rock Island and East cago stockyards, young men of the Calumet steel mills, students of Il- linois and Chicago universities, of| | state colleges and high schools,| | young farmers, young men and wo- men, white and Negro, employed and | |unemployed, belonging to church | organizations, Y. M. C, A. commu- | nity centers, sport, social and poli- tical clubs, fellows in the C. C. C. camps, members of the R. O. T. C., Boy and Girl Scouts, National | Guardsmen of Illinois!” | workers and students inside and | outside the fortress. | Asked what message he wanted to send to his comrades in the United States, he replied: “You tell the comrades in the United States that I send them rev- olutionary greetings, not only to} the Young Communists, but to all| the young workers of the country. | And especially, tell them that I was} rescued from prison by the struggles | of my comrades during the mobili- | zation for our freedom.” Pray NEW YORK. — Two hundred workers demonstrated at noon Fri- day in front of the Cuban Con- sulate, demanding the immediate release of all class war prisoners in Cuba, and repeal of the anti-strike | decrees. A delegation presented the workers’ demands to the consul, who promised to send them on to Ha- vana, ‘Haiti Gov't Forbids Defense Group for Scottsboro Boys PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti, 22.—While President Stenio Vincent of Haiti has been in Washington negotiating with President Roose- velt for a sell-out of the liberation struggles of the Haitian people, ter- ror in this island republic has in- creased continuously. The latest manifestation of this repression is the outlawing by the government of the Haitian United | Front Scottsboro Defense Commit-| tee, of which Jacques Roumain,| well-known Haitain writer, is the secretary, The committee has been forbidden to circulate petitions in the island for the freedom of the nine Scotts- boro boys, or to carry on any ac- tivity. A fight on this order made by the minister of interior will be car- ried on, with the help of the work- ers in the United States, it was an- nounced. Immediate protests against this action should be sent to President Stenjo Vincent of Haiti, Wash- ington, D. C., and to the Minister of the Interior, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, demanding the right for the committee to carry on its work. The illegal “state of siege” which was declared in 1932 on the basis of a repealed law, extends over the entire Department of the West, comprising three large cities and 13 important towns. Eleven news- papers have been suppressed under this order, and all working-class or- ganizations dissolved. The state of siege was declared to prevent the organization of the \employes of Hasco (Haitian-Amer- ican Sugar Company), a Wall St. concern, and of peasants who have been expropriated for the benefit of the United Fruit Company. April | Berlin Station Group Carries on Daily Fighiy, Spread Leaflets, Paint Slogans Regularly in Railway Terminal BERLIN, April 1. (By Mail— Two sets of leaflets have been distributed at the Anhalter Station in Berlin, sent by the railwaymen of Paris, and financed from the | patronage funds of the Gare du Nord. When the first leafiet was distributed, a signal man was obliged to hand over to a Nazi commissar the greatest part of the consignment. The commissar had noticed the arrival of the package with leaflets. In spite of this par- tial confiscation, however, the con- tents of the leafiet became known |in all the departments of the sta- tion. A second distribution of leaflets passed off without hindrance. A number of the leaflets were also sent to the different departments of the Potsdamer Station in Berlin, The appeal sent by the Paris traffic workers to the German anti-fascist press has also been taken up with j jenthusiasm by the railwaymen of ; | Berlin, Unfortunately very few } | copies of this leaflet are available, but obtainable numbers have passed from hand to hand, and are read \ by all workers. United Front Groups of Berlin ; Railwaymen at Work | In spite of the continued terror, the anti-fascist fighting will of the } railwaymen is increasing. The lead- } ing functionaries have long since { been taken to concentration camps. ! In some cases hundreds of railway- |men have been arrested at their | Place of work. The slightest sus- picion leads to dismissal. The workers continue however to pro- test, and to issue protest leaflets, The following is an example of how fighting organs are thereby formed: At a railway station in Berlin, |14 railmen formed a fighting com- |mittee. They divided themselves into three small groups for militant work. Four of them have since | joined the illegal C. P. G. All three | groups paint up slogans regularly, and distribute leaflets. The de- | Partment in which they work was | disbanded by the shop council. One hundred and ten of the workers were transferred to other depart- ments. Some of the more militant workers came under strong sus- | picion and were dismissed. But |the work is going on more ener- getically than ever, and on an ex- tended basis. pSiPacs ane Struggle of Glass Workers in the Bavarian Forest BERLIN, March 31—At the be- ginning of the year the employers in the glass industry in the Bavar- jan forest gave notice of consider- able wage cuts, 4 marks weekly to be deducted from the wages of | skilled workers. On February 18 4 a consultation of the glass factory owners decided to reduce the guar- r anteed wages of the best paid skilled workers from 39 to 30 marks. In the lower categories the differ- ence is not so great, but at least. 3 marks. | Bos Mae The workers’ protest is finding its first expression in the refusal of a number of workers to pay further contributions to the “Labor Front.” Textile Workers Strike in Thuringia On Jnauary 21 a spontaneous pro- test strike, lasting two hour, broke out in a textile undertaking in Er- furt. The piecework rates were to be reduced by 40 per cent, A week later a protest was made in a dye works in Gera, where the deduc- tions made from the wages had reached an intolesable total. A great discussion arose «mong the workers. Four workers were sent as delegates to the management to protest. One workman threw his pay envelope on the floor, exclaiming that he could not keep his family on the few jpence. Next day a notice was posted up that for the future the “Gera Relief Fund” contributions (one of the many “voluntary” contributions) would be only deducted fortnightly instead of weakly as hitherto, A small success. 5B 3 i] i 4 Red Victory: Strikes Atl British Imperialism in Szechwan (This is the second part of an aecount of the victorious re- sistance of the Chinese Red Army to the sixth Kuomintang cam- paign, in which the Chinese So- viets have repulsed an army of a million men, and extended the Soviet region. The anti-Soviet army has the active political, financial and technical support of the American government.—Ed.) ee 2 ata: By KAN SEN In th Szechwan Province the Red Army won important victories over the local militarists led directly by British imperialists. The Soviet re- gion in Szechwan has been broad- ened; the Red Army recently cap- tured one of the biggest ports in the Province, the city of Wansian, located on the Yangtse River. The bombardment of Wansian by the British warships in 1925 is still fresh in everybody’s memory. In this city, which is an open commercial port, British, Japanese, French and other soncessions have existed ever since the conclusion of an agreement be- ‘ween the Government of the Tsin dynasty and British imperialism. At she present time Wansian, this most. ‘mportant strategical imperialist | point in Szechwan is under the Red flag of the Soviets. All the privileges of imperialism in this city have been abolished. This glorious victory of the fourth Red Army of China marks not only a blow at the Szechwan generals’ offensive against the Soviet regions, but has weakened the rule of Brit- ish imperialism in the Szechwan Province, created a threat to Han-| kow and demoralized Chiang Kai- shek’s forces. Expansion in Hunan and Hupei The Red Army units operating in the western part of the Hunan and Hupei Provinces under the leader- ship of Comrade Ho Lung are broad- ening the territory of this Soviet region. At the present time Red_ Army units have penetrated also the Szechwan Province, the districts south of the city of Wansian for combined action with the Red Army units which occupied this city. In the south-western part of Szechwan Province the Party has organized a series of peasant up- risings and two mutinies in Kuo- mintang brigades. These brigades held a number of county capitals, including Mabian, Obian and Omei, setting up a local Soviet Govern- ment and forming a separate Red Army division. Thus one more new Soviet region has been added in the Szechwan Province. The Red Army units of north- eastern Kiangsi penerated the terri- tory of Chekiang (the home of Chiang Kai-shek) and captured the Chiang Kai-shek to withdraw part of his forces into Chekiang from the Kiangsi Province, where he had planned to deal the main blow at the central Soviet region. Atrocities Areuse Indignation The atrocities perpetrated by the imperialist plunderers and the Kuomintang upon the peaceful population of the Soviet regions aroused tremenodus indignation among the toiling masses of Soviet China and Kuomintang territories. The toiling masses are rallying around the Chinese Soviets 2d the Red Army to fight against the im- perialist intervention in China and the Kuomintang, and for the Chi- nese Soviets. Artisans and Farmers ferm Red Divisions At delegate conferences of agri- cultural workers, salesmen and arti- sans, called by the Executive bureau of the All-China Federation of Labor in the Central Scviet region, a deci- sion was passed to form two divi- sions of farm laborers, salesmen and artisans, Volunteers numbering 4,505 per- sons joined the Red Army from among the local armed detachments of the Singo County, and 1,073 of the workers and toiling peasants, totaling 5.578 persons who formed a special division in the Singo County which became part of the third Red Army. Mass Enliistmegts In the Boashen County 2,750 peo- county of Kaihua, This has forced 4 ; ment. ple joined the Red Army, forming a ® new regiment; 2,895 people joined the Red Army in the Shenli County forming two new regiments, and 3,900 people joined the Red Army jin Shichen County, forming one regi- A total of 6,000 people thus joined the Red Army in these three counties and merged with the fifth Red Army as a single division. This work of strengthening the ranks of the Red Army still continues. A model division numberjng 1,000 persons has been formed in the Juitsin County and merged with the first Red Army. About 2,300 people were mobilized in the Gunlue County, 3,800 in the Gansian County, totalling 6,100 per- sons who were formed into a divi- sion. In the Yundu County 1.900 people were mobilized into the Red Army and merged with the 23 corps which is the basic military unit on the front, south of Kiangsi. In other countries such as Van- yan, Taihi, Lean, etc. about a thousand people joined the Red Army. Young Communist Army Division The young Communists of the Kiangsi Province are conducting a campaign for the formation of a di- vision named after the Young Com- munist International. This appeal has met with a wide response among the working youth. In the Yun- feng County over 500 young men have joined the Red Army and in the Gansiang County more than 400; over 150 youths have joined the Red Army in the Gunlue County as a result of the work of a single Chinese Soviet Masses Enthusiastically Fill Red Army Ranks | Soviets Gain | Important | New Areas in Fight Against Nanking cell (all these figures have been taken from correspondence from the Soviet regions). In the campaign for the strength- ening of the Red Army, the work- ing class in the Soviet territories of China, led by the Communist Party / and Red trade unions have display- ed tremendous activity, heroically supporting the Red Army. The working masses have organized two divisions which will unquestionably strengthen the leading part played by the proletariat in the Red Army. A correspondent from the Soviet region says that “in the campaign to strengthen thc ranks of the Red Army even the old men and women take an active part; although they are unfit for military service they are conducting vigorous agitation among the young generation in favor of volunteering in the bate 5 of the Red Army. Singo and Shichen Counties the toiling population of the cities and villages is sending its sons into the ranks of the Red Army. In the villages of the Gunlue County old women are telling their sons and husbands the need for joining the Red Army ranks. This is an unprece- dented support of the Army by the great masses of the population in China, — (To Be Continued)