The Daily Worker Newspaper, April 13, 1934, Page 6

Page Six Daily -QWorker TRBTRA ORGAN COMMUNIST PARTY U.S.A. (SECTION OF COMMUNIST INTEREATIONRA? “America’s Only Working Class Daily Newspaper” FOUNDED 1924 PUBLISHED DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAY, BY THE COMPRODAILY PUBLISHING 0O., INC,, 50 E. 13th Street, New York, N. ¥. Telephone: ALgonquin 4-7954. Cable Address: “Daiwork,” New York Y Washingt Bureau Press Building, 14th and F st, Ws Midwest Bureau: 10 705, Chicago, I Telephone: Dearborn 398 Subscription Rates: $3.50; 3 n Bronx, mon 8 ce FRIDAY, APRIL 13, 1934 Communists in the A. F. of L. “Put an end to the opportunist, defeatist neglect of trade union work, and particularly work inside the reformist trade unions. as —From Thesis and Decisions of the 13th Plenum, Communist International. HE sharpest bruni of the attack on neglect of trade union work made at the 8th Convention of the Communist Party, U.S.A. was against the slow tempo and failures of work within the A. F. of L. What are the tasks of Communists at the present time in the A. F. of L.? The officialdom of the A. F. of L. is part and parcel of the government strike- breaking apparatus. Despite them and over their heads strikes are taking place. In important basic industries such as auto, coal, aluminum, rubber, steel, great numbers of workers have flocked into the A. F. of L. with a desire for organization and struggle. The mood for struggle immediately clashes with the policy and program of the A. F. of L. officialdom. Without Communist leadership, without organ- ized rank and file oppositions with a revolutionary core, the officials are able to utilize the organiza- tion of the masses to defeat struggle and to carry through the program of the Roosevelt Wall-Street government. It is the tasks of Communist units, sections, dis- tricts everywhere through their members in the A. F. of L. and eligible for membership in the A. F. of L. to give leadership as a conscious driving force. ‘They must become the force to organize the rank and file for struggle against the A. F. of L. bureau- crats as the first line of defense of the capitalists within the trade unions. HIS cannot be haphazard or hectic work, only at the time of strike, or agitation for strike. It is persistent work. It must be carried on at all times, winning the rank and file around concrete issues, struggles for democracy within the unions, against. dues payment of unemployed, against rack- eteers, for the adoption of the Workers’ Unemploy- ment Insurance Bill (H. R. 7598). Within this rank and file opposition, the Communists must not give way to pure trade union expediency. The goal is to win the workers for class struggle unionism con- sciously. This requires functioning Communist frac- tions. It requires conscious recruiting of the best of the rank and file oppositions for the Communist Party. This is the best guarantee that the work of building the rank and file opposition will be car- ried through; and will be carried further to winning the masses within the A. F. of L. for the Commu- nist road to struggle. Communists must lead the struggle against the A. F. of L. officialdom within the union from the Jowest to the highest meetings of the A. F. of L. Comrade Stachel in his report to the 8th Con- vention of our Party pointed out there would soon } be held state A. F. of L. conventions. In the past we have woefully neglected efforts to elect dele- gates and use these conventions as a forum for castigating and branding the strikebreaking role of the officialdom, and for breaking down the illusions and winning the rank and file. This must now be remedied rapidly. We must do away with all tendencies that coun- terpose work within the A. F. of L. to the need of building the revolutionary trade unions and a class struggle, independent trade union center. They are both part and parcel of our tasks as Commu- nists in the trade union and economic struggles of the workers. To neglect work within the A. F. of L., to fail to build the revolutionary core in the oppositions as a guarantee of their growth and functioning, is one of the worst opportunist mistakes, no matter with whatever “left” phrases it is concealed, and is a brake on the struggle for winning the majority of the American working class for the Communist way out, for Soviet Power. Look at Your Gas and Electric Bills! “TT couldn’t have been so much!” How often have we heard this ery of mingled astonishment and despair is- sue from the lips of a» working class mother, picking up her gas or electric bill? The mother continues: “I scrimped and scrimped on the gas all month. One week we didn’t use the heater hardly at alt—we had nothing to cook. And I made sure all the lights were out early, so early... .” Yet the exorbitant gas and electric bills continu- ally send dismay into the hearts of proletarian fam- ilies, who cannot keep their small homes going without using these public utilities, and who pay dearly for the use of these necessities. Why are gas bills in New York City, as in other cities throughout the United States, so high? We have the answer in the recent revelations that no less than five members of the New York State Legislature are in the pay of the big utilities interests. How many more in the State Senate and Assembly are on the power trust payrolls can only be guessed at. These men, elected to office by the very people they victimize, do everything in their power to raise 'Two Social Systems-- What | | the cost of public utilities at the same time that they are serving on committees supposedly meant te safeguard the state population against unbear- able rates. Now that the names of five corrupt members of the legis! we have been revealed, the assembly is talking about a “relentless and sweeping” probe. -calied investigations in the ne has been to substitute We have known su new grafters for the old. Tt could nc ave been otherwise. This boss con- trol of all law-making bodies, and their consistent serving of their masters w the masses are con- zed, state. The is the basic nature of the cap- alist t curre! utilities graft exposure is only one sample of capitalist rule, whether it goes under the hypocritical title of “democracy” or un- der the more open and undisguised name of Fas- cism, It is, in essence, the brutal, undisguised, pre- datory rule of monopolies, Is proof of this needed? or electric bill! Workers in New York and elsewhere who strike against fire-trap slum conditions, against exorbitant rents, should also organize on the blocks and in the neighborhoods against the predatory stranglehold of the big power companies. Demand an end to their plunder in the form of excessive gas and electric bills! Unite in all neighborhoods under the leadership of the Unemployed Councils to make this demand @ solid part of your fight against the high cost of living! And do not let the matter rest merely in your neighborhood economic struggles. Remember that it is the Communist Party alone which relentlessly exposes the vicious character of the capitalist state, the Communist Party alone which fights for the establishment of a new order which will spell the doom of capitalism and its entire corrupt system of boss-controlled institutions which makes this con- tinual persecution of workers inevitable. Just look at your gas A Contrast HE tremendous sum of nearly five bil- lion rubles which the workers’ state of the Soviet Union has just turned over to the trade unions of the U.S.S.R. to be used this year for social insurance for the workers and farmers, brings out in glaring con- trast the difference between the condition of the masses in the workers’ country of the U.S.S.R. and in the capitalist-ridden United States. The Soviet State, in dollars, has set aside the gigantic sum of $3,757,600,000 in its 1984 budget for the use of the masses for social insurance. Unem- ployment has already been completely abolished in the Soviet Union. This great sum will be con- trolled entirely by the workers. It assures that’ every worker and farmer will have complete security for 1934. It provides for medical assistance, educa- tional scholarships, workers’ dwellings, hospitals, Sanatoria and rest homes, allowances for temporary disability, confinements during pregnancy, invalids’ pensions, workers children’s nurseries, kindergar- tens, camps, etc. No worker in the Soviet Union need work under the gripping fear of future insecurity. No spectre of hunger haunts the worker in the land where social- ist society is being built. . . * y abe in the United States? In this country, where the bankers rule, where the Roosevelt govern- ment of finance capital is in power, there is not a single cent given for social insurance by the federal or by any state government. In the United States, where the workers had to fight for what measly unemployment relief was given, 16,000,000 are jobless, haunted by starvation, hundreds of thou- sands are actually starving to death, thousands are evicted, hundreds commit suicide in despair, The Roosevelt New Deal, the rule of the capitalist class, means starvation for the masses of workers and poor farmers, The Roosevelt government has turned over $3,970,000,000 to the bankers in gifts and loans through R.F.C., etc., but not a cent for social in- surance, in this land of the profit system. Here we have the striking contrast between the two social systems, the workers’ world and the cap- italist system. Here we see in all its nakedness the true meaning of the New Deal. In the Soviet Union, billions of dollars to the workers and farmers in social insurance, in a land where the bankers and exploiters have been destroyed. And in the United States, the New Deal gives billions to the bankers and not a cent to the workers in social insurance, . . . Te Manifesto of the Eighth National Convention of the Communist Party, just held in Cleveland, declares, “The program of the revolutionary solu- tion of the crisis is no blind experiment. The work- ing class is already in power in the biggest country in the world, and it has already proved the supe- riority of the Socialist system. While the crisis has engulfed the capitalist countries—at the same time in the Soviet Union, where the workers rule through their Soviet Power, a new socialist society is being vietoriously built.” The workers of the Soviet Union, who under the leadership of the Communist Party overthrew their capitalist system and set up their own state power, point the way to the workers of the rest of the world. The Soviet Union has tremendously raised the well-being and cultural standards of its toiling masses, as well as tripled its industrial production. In the words of the Eighth National Conven- tion of the Communist Party, U.S.A., “The crisis cannot be solved for the toiling masses until the rule of Wall Street hag been broken and the rule of the working class has been established. The only way out of the crisis for the toiling masses of the United States is the revolutionary way out —the abolition of capitalist rule and capitalism, the es- tablishment of the Socialist society through the power of a revolutionary workers’ government, a Soviet government.” In the daily mass work of our Pariy, the ques- tion of Soviet power, of the working class solution to the crisis, must constantly be brought forward. The explanation of what the New Deal really means to the workers, its Hunger Deal for the masses, con- trasted withthe great achievements of the workers’ state of the Soviet Union, brings forcibly to the front the question of the struggle for working class tule in the United States, The shining example of the Soviet Union points the way to the working class of the United States, in its struggle for Soviet Power, Browder’s Report to Be Published in Tomorrow’s “Daily” The complete report of Earl Browder, General Secretary of the Communist Party, made to the delegates atthe Eighth National Convention of the Communist Party in Cleveland, will be printed in tomorrow's Daily Worker, |The story of the rescue of 62 men | uskin, foundered in the Behring Sea |nin, Molokov and Slepnev. | ‘ | DOWN WITH HIM! DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, FRIDAY, APRIL 13 (Special to the Daily Worker) MOSCOW, April 12 (By Radio) — from the ice-floe camp of the arctic expedition whose ship, the Chely- last February, is the story of a feat unparalleled in aviation history. All but six of the men are now on the Siberian mainland. A month ago, ten women and two children were rescued. Recently Pilot Ba- bushkin, a member of the expedi- tion, took off in the ship's small plane, but did not succeed in re- turning on rescue work, as he had | intended. Five Saved First Trip The major rescue operations be- gan on April 7, when Ushakov, the famous arctic explorer, flew to the| camp on the arctic ice, leading a} group of planes piloted by Kama- | On the first trip, Kamanin and Molokov brought back five passen- gers. The undercarriage of Slep- nev’s plane was damaged, and he remained at the camp to repair it. Last Sunday and Monday, there began a tremendous movement of ice, with gigantic pressure on the floe. The cleared landing field was hb broken. Soviet Planes’ Rescue of 62 from Ice-Floe Is Epic Feat Unparalleled in Air History The Chelyuskiners mobil- ized all their forces to drag Slep- nev’s airplane out of danger, and to clear a new landing field. ‘Temperature 36 Below In a temperature of 36 degrees below zero Centigrade, and in bad weather, Pilot Kamanin brought three more men from the camp to Cape Van Karem on Tuesday. Pilot Slepnev repaired his plane and also flew to Van Karem, carrying six men. On the same day Pilot Molokov accomplished three brilliant flights, bringing 13 men to the mainland. The total rescued on Tuesday were 22. The flights continued yesterday. Molokov and Kamanin made seven flights, bringing 35 men to Van Karem, including Professor Schmidt, leader of the expedition, whose tem- perature remains over 103 degrees. Other Pilots Arrive Yesterday, Pilot Doronin arrived at Van Karem from Anadyr, having fiown over the unexplored Anadyr range under exceptionally difficult conditions. Pilot Vodopianov also flew over this range, and landed at Cape North. The government commission re- ports that the flights of these So- | viet pilots are unprecedented in world aviation practice, at the same time proving the high quality of the Soviet planes. Professor Ushakov, who remained three days at the camp, writes as follows about the situation at the camp just before and during the rescue: “Like On a Volcano” The camp was jammed with im- mense ice-blocks. Inside the bar- normal tained. The tents were with benzine lamps invented and built by the Chelyuskiners. The} camp had food supplies, fuel, warm | clothing, separate kitchens and a bakery. | At first sight, the life of the) camp appeared quiet and serene. | However, on closer acquaintance, | you find that it is actually life on | a volcano. Danger menaces at every | moment. The camp lives in per-| petual alertness, awaiting the ap- proach of ice-floes. Ice Smashes Camp On Sunday, ice-floes began press- ing against the camp. By noon the kitchen was carried away. On Monday, the camp experienced the strongest pressure since the day the 8. 8, Chelyuskin was crushed and sank, At two in the morning, a new high ice surge advanced to- ward the camp, with a tremendous roar. Soon the barracks were destroyed, buried under ice. One motor canoe was cracked like a nutshell. Part of the store of timber was buried in ice. The landing field where Slepnev’s plane stood was com- pletely destroyed. Perfect Discipline The pressure of the ice com- menced again during the day, en- tirely changing the aspect of the ice where the camp stood. As soon as the pressure began, the Chelyus- kiners were mobilized within a few minutes. Each occupied the sta- racks which had been erected | tion allotted to him. The complete temperature was main-| recognition of the authority of lighted | Professor Schmidt and Bagrov, his | | assistant, and the firm Communist Party organization render the Chel- yuskiners’ collective ready for every emergency. The dispatch of the Chelyuskin- ers to the mainland was carried out in strict order, in accordance with @ list previously drawn up, on the principle of the physical condition and powers of endurance of the various members. Greet your fellow workers this May Day through the Columns of the “Daily.” All greetings mailed to us before April 22nd _ will positively appear in the May Day edition. by Burck’ Cal] Anti-War Conferences In Many Cities Califo rnia, Cleveland, | Milwaukee Meets To Fight War | SAN FRANCISCO, Apriz ;11.—A California state con- ference against war and fas- |cism will be held here Sun- |day, April 29. A call has been the California State League | Against War and Fascism to all trade union, fraternal, students’, | veterans’, professional and church | organizations to send delegates. The conference will be held in | two sions, the first session fo: delegates only opening at noon, iy the Mission Workers’ Neighborhoo: House 741 Valencia St. The Youtly Section will hold a separate session at the same time. The second session which will be in the form of a mass meeting, will open at 8 p.m. the same day at Polk Hall, Civic Center. Among the speakers will be Rev. Edgar A. Lawther, president of the San Francisco Church, Federation; Ella Winter, speaking on fascism in California; James Branch of the Communist Party; James Latham of the Los Angeles Anti-War League; Rudie Lambert of the Workers Ex-Servicemen’s League. Ba ee eee Youth Conference in Milwaukee MILWAUKEE—A meeting, spon- |sored by the American League | Against War and Fascism, was held | April 5, at Bues Hall, 914 Plankin- ton Ave. There were 41 delegates, representing some 500 youths. A committee to be composed of |one delegate from each organization | was set up. This committee will be known as the youth section of the League Against War and Fascism in Milwaukee. It will work out plans for a youth demonstration which will rally hundreds of youth on May |30—to demonstrate against War and | Fascism. ee ee Cleveland Youth Conference May 5 OLEVELAND.—The Cleveland provisional youth committee of the American League Against War and Fascism has called a youth anti- war conference for Saturday, May 5, 3 p. m, at Woodland Center, Woodland and 46th St. The call is being sent to hundreds of organizations, and a wide distrib- ution of leaflets has been arranged for at the steel and metal shops in the city. The offices of the League are at 1426 W. Third St., Room 311, Cleve- land, eas, ae | Brooklyn Meeting Tonight NEW YORK.—Norman Tallen- tire, city secretary of the League Against War and Fascism, will be the main speaker at a mass méet- ing on Youth, Fascism, and the Coming War, tonight, 8 p.m., at Boro Park Workers Club, 18th Ave. and 47th St., Brooklyn. Will your name appear in the May Day «jiition of the “Daily”? Make sure that it will, Send your greci\s today. Address, Daily Workc}, 50 E. 13th St., New York City. By SAM DON (WHAT a powerful grave-dig- ger this strong American |capitalism has created; Our Party is growing! These are} the impressions, these are the feelings of joy one experienced | at the highly successful Fiehth | National Convention of the Com-| euesess Party just concluded. | The enemies of our Party, the enemies of the Communist Inter- national, lauded the strength of| American capitalism to the skies. But they “overlooked” one little “detail.” This very strength of American capitalism has created, nay, it has nurtured its own pow- erful grave-digger—the rising giant —the American working class. How symbolic, how representative of the rising American proletariat and of the growing revolutioniza- tion of the American masses were the proletarian and farm delegates present at the Convention. When one listened to the steel, mining, marine and railroad delegates speak, the wisdom and vision of our great teachers, Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin unfolded in all its strength. These delegates, Negro and white, coming from the basic, decisive in- dustries, confirmed in their speeches the faith of Marx and Lenin in the proletariat as the only class of so- ciety capable of leading in the over- throw of the old and the building The greatest thinkers of the modern world, Marx and Engels, wrote in the famous Communist Manifesto: “.. . But with the de- velopment of industry, the prole- tariat not only increases in num- ber, it becomes concentrated in greater masses. Its strength grows. And it feels that strength more.” Our last Convention revealed the growing feeling of strength of the “powerful grave-digger” of Ameri- can capitalism, because our Party, through the Open Letter, under the direct. guidance of the Communist International, has for the first time in history begun to establish firmer bonds with those sections of the American proletariat which became “concentrated in greater masses” in the basic, trustified industries of American capitalism. ope § far back as 1928, the renegades from the Communist Interna- of a new classless socialist society.! tional were overawed by the power trusts. They prostrated of the OUR PARTY IS GROWING IONS OF THE 8th NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE COMMUIST PARTY OF THE U.S.A.) themselves before the “exceptional- ism” of American finance capital- ism. John Pepper, the then out- standing leader of the Lovestone renegades, published an article in the May, 1928, issue of the Commu- nist. In that article Pepper stated nine, to use his own expression, “hindrances” which prevented the American Party from developing into a mass Communist Party, Chief among the nine hindrances was hindrance No. 8, the fact: “We are hindered by the ‘insignificant’ circumstance that the industries in America are trustified from top to bottom.” The Lovestone renegades failed to “understand” that pre- cisely because the American indus- tries were “trustified from top to bottom” did this constitute one of the greatest objective forces in rev- olutionizing the American working class. And that if our Party is to become a mass Party, it must, in the first place, concentrate all its forces, all of its energies, all of its Marxist-Leninist knowledge in reaching the workers in the basic industries, which are all trustified. Tt was because our Party had re- jected these renegade theories, and conscientiously began to apply the Open Letter on concentration in the basic industries, that the force of the class struggle filled the atmos- phere of ‘our last Convention. One was struck with the rapidity with which these young Party mem~ bers, many of whom were present as delegates at the Convention, learned to understand and apply the line of the Party. Wherein lies the secret of this? Precisely in the fact that they came from trustified basic industries, where the class struggle is sharpest, where the work- ers learned quickly. These trusti- fied industries are the concentra- tion points of the class struggle. Of course, the rapidity with which these delegates learned to under- stand the line of the Party was not @ mere automatic process. It was because the Party, through its Cen- tral Committee and with the Open Letter, has trained them and led them in mass struggle in these favorable centers for the growth of our Party. Where our enemies saw hin- drances for our Party, Lenin saw the very source of the ferocity and fury of the class struggle in the U. 8. In his immortal book, ‘“Im- perialism,” Lenin, in discussing the “place of imperial! in history,” made a few remarks which are of the greatest significance for our Party. id He said: “In the United States economic developments during the last de- cade have been still more rapid than in Germany; and precisely for this reason the PARASITIC CHARACTER of modern Ame- rican capitalism stood out so prominently.” . (Lenin’s Emphasis). The rapid development of finance capitalism in the United States did not lead to a golden era for the workers. On the contrary, it has, as in no other country in the world, brought forward the decaying, parasitic features of trustified mono- poly. capitalism. In his historic letter to the American working class, written in 1918, Lenin ex- actly and simply described what he meant by the parasitic character of American finance capitalism. He wrote: “. .. But at the same time America has become one of the fore- most countries, as regards the depth of the abyss which divides a handful of brazen billionaires who are wallowing in luxury on the one hand, and millions of toilers who are always on the verge of starva- tion.” CY ean UR 8th Convention met at a time when the .class division in the U. S. was never greater between the “handful of brazen billionaires who wallow in luxury and millions of toilers who are always on the verge of starvation.” The fifth year of the raging world economic crisis has widened this gulf. The revolu- tionary fervor existing throughout the Convention was influenced by the fact that the party began to con- nect itself with sections of the “mil- lions who are always on the verge of starvation.” The N. R. A., the instrument of bankrupt capitalism in this period of the second round of wars and revo- lutions, is the very embodiment of all the parasitism of American finance capitalism. The N. R. A. has widened the gulf between the “handful of brazen billionaires the starving millions.” No wonder that the N. R. A., the classic expression of the rule of parasitic finance capitalism, has speeded up the growth of fascism in the country, But the struggles led by the Party against the very increased yoke of monopoly capital- ism, the growing resistance of the toiling masses against fascism, is the greatest objective force in revolutionizing the American prole- tariat. Indeed, the struggle against fascism and the yoke of monopoly capitalism was the background which refiected itself in the spirit dominating the entire convention. In the struggle against the grow- ing danger of fascism in the US., we must always guard ourselves against two opportunist dangers: 1) to adopt a fatalist line on the inevitability of fascism; 2) the failure to see the rapid growth of fascism. It is, therefore, well to re- call the analysis of the 13th Plenum of the Executive Committee of the Communist International that: “In the fight against the fas- cization of the so-called ‘demo- cratic’ countries, the Communist Parties must first of all brush aside the fatalist, defeatist line of the inevitability of a fascist dictatorship and imperialist war and also the opportunist under- estimation of the tempo of fasciza- tion and the threat ef imperialist war, which condemn the Commu- nist Parties to passivity.” Our Party, from the: very incep- tion of the N.R.A., stood out as the only real fighter of the N. R. A. From the very start it warned the masses against the Norman Thomases and Greens, who hailed the N. R. A. as the greatest blessing to labor. It is this firm position of the Party against the N. R. A. which increases the influence of the Party, particularly since our Party is beginning to learn how to lead strikes and struggles against the N. R. A. And could our Party with- out a policy of concentration in basic industry, precisely those in- dustries which are “trustified from top to bottom,” even consider lead- ing the growing strike wave throughout the country? Of course not. ae Ra 7 Ec thinking over the proceedings of the Convention, of the exhaus- tive report of Comrade Browder, of the C. C. co-reporters and that of the delegates, blending into one force, one feels that the teachings of Lenin, the revolutionary Bolshe- and| vik wisdom of the Communist In- ternational, begin to exert a tre- mendous force in the speeding up of the process of Bolshevization of our Party. These delegaies at the Eighth Convention mirrored the growth of our Party. This indeed was a source of the greatest inspiration and confidence in the future of our Party. The Convention above all demonstrated how great are the possibilities and responsibilities of. our Party in rapidly becoming a mass Party. The Convention dem- onstrated that it is one with the Communist International. It fur- ther showed that the Party’s growth and wherever the Party comes closest to the masses, is due to a sincere attempt to carry out the line of the C. I. and apply the sharpest. Bolshevik self-criticism. The report of the Central Com- mittee, delivered by Comrade Brow- der, which connected the broadest revolutionary perspective, with the most detailed practical problems of the mass work of the Party, in- fluenced the work and discussion ot the Convention from the first te the last session. It was his report which drew out the best that there was in the experiences of the dele- gates, Pecoee Water ‘UT if we consider the grave re- sponsibilities which the last Plenum of the Communist Interna- tional placed before every Party in this period, it would be suicidal to develop any spirit of self-satisfac- tion. = The recent 13th Plenum of the E. C. C, I. admonished all sections @f the Communist International: “To be on their guard at every turn of events and to exert every effort without losing a moment for the revolutionary preparation of the proletariat for the impending de- cisive battles for power.” Only a Party which is firmly rooted in the basic industries; only a Par*y which is well on the road to win the ma- jority of the working class, can be prepared “for the impending de- cisive battles for power.” It is in line with this that the following words in the report of Comrade Browder must be consid- ered very earnestly: “Our task is to win the ma- jority of the working class to our program. We do not have unlim- ited time to accomplish this. The tempo, the’ speed of development to our work, becomes the decisive factor in determining victory or defeat, for fascism is rearing its ugiy head more boldly every day in the United States.” When one views the problems facing our Party in this period, if we are to really gain speed in our mass work to win the majority of the working class, Bolshevik self-criti- cism is our most important weapon in improving the life and work of our Party. In our next article we shall dis- cuss concrete problems facing the bree following our successful Con- veri™ NI i