The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 22, 1933, Page 6

'Page Six Dolly chorter “Ameriea’s Only Working Claes Daily re Newspaper” FOUNDED 19m Pubiiaed desir, Sanday, by the Cemorodadiy Petting Go., Inc., 50 Bast 13th Street, Mow York, M. T. ‘Telepidne: Algongquis 47955. pllie atareen Datwerk,” Rew Yoo, wT “Washington Berens: Room 84 Metiomal Pore: Seiiiteg Uth and F. M&, Washington, D. 0 Bebdcortption Neste (emeept Manhattan and Bronad 98.80; 3 months, 92.00; 1 month, Manhetian, Forsign and Onmndac S months, 95.00; $ months $8.00. By Carriee: Weekly, 36 cents; monttly, 1 canta “4 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1938 Mail: oye, tigen, 6 cents, a yeas, Answer Dimitroff’s Call SATURDAY the fascist judges at Leipzig wil come solemnly forth with their frame-up verdict agains our heroic comrades, Dimitroff, Torgler, Popof® and Taneff. "Of one thing we may be certain—the Nasi mur- derers have their eyes and ears glued on the mass protests sweeping the world ‘This is what they fear. If this mass protesi wavers 4 slackens for one moment, they will seize the oppor~ ‘tunity and the Nazi axe will strike! ‘The mass demonstrations, strikes and protests which teok place all over the country on Dec. 19th, are, therefore, only the beginning of a most powerful, road mass movement for the release of our com- redes. These sirikes, and the massing of workers before fhe German consulates are unmistakable indication of how deeply the hatred for the fascist frame-up has | sunk into the hearts of the masses. The voice of Dimitroff, ringing forth into every Gorner of the world, as the undaunted voice of the proletarian working class, waging relentless class war a@gainst the hideous curse of capitalist fascist reaction, | Also the | has stirred the working class profoundly. broadest sections of intellectuals, professionals, haters of tyranny are eager to lend their aid in the fight | Rgainst the brutal Hitler-Goering murder plans against the Communist defendants. Every moment now brings the Mascist frame-up ‘verdicts closer. Every Party District has the responsibility of go- img out at once to organize the working class United Front Against Fascism. = To the Socialist workers, to the workers in the ASP. of L. locals, the Party Districts must go with Am open welcome for the immediate formation of a firm, working class United Front against the fascists. ‘Thése workers ate our comrades in the struggle against Fascism. They belong with us. They, too, hate Fascism with true proletarian hatred. It is up wo come boldiy forth, offering our hands in ront struggle against the Fascist murderers. ll be glad to clasp our hands. To everyone who hates reactionary brutality, we to go with the welcome of United Front struggle, against the Nazi savagery. LIONS hate Hitler and his latest murder pians ainst Dimitroff, Torgler an@ their comrades. We Mitist wield and organize this mass hatred against Fas- ¢ism into a wall of protection around the defendants im Leipzig, around Comrade Thaelmann, around the thousands of workers in the Nazi concentration camps, around all the anti-Fascist fighters—a wall of working lass protection that alone can save them from the Bazi torturers. ** The New York Committee To Aid the Victims of ““Gérman Fascism declared today: “The defendants will not be safe until they are im our hanils, in the hands of their comrades.. Dimitroff calls to us not to be misled into having any illusions about the Nazi court freeing our com- rades.” Every Pariy district, unit, every Party member, ®annot fail to rally to this ery of Dimitroff from the Leipzig Court. For immediate initiative in forming the United Front of struggle against the Fascist murderers! NRA Company Unions DATLY WORKER, NEW YORK, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1938 have the right to “bargain collectively through repre- | sentatives of their own choosing, and shall be free | the i rence, restraint, or coercion of em- ployers of labor, or their agents,” actually helped to smash the right of the workers to organize and aided | | | | the bosses in building company unions. “merit clause” in the auto code. | by the A. F. of Ik leadership, to prevent and smash | through the N.R.A. program, | pe Jeaders are today an urgent need in the E TODAY'S issue of the Daily Worker we print fgures show the tremendous increase in company Wmions, stimulated by the N.R.A. F¥om 1932 to 1933, there has been a more than 350 | per cent increase in the number of workers forced into company unions. The greater portion of these were a@tiven into these company organizations after the Passage of the N.R.A. Some very important conclusions must be drawn from these figures. ‘The development of company unions under the NARA. has gone on faster than the increase in the * membership of the A. F. of L. In 1932, the A. F. of L. officials reported 2,532,000 membi 4,000,000. In 1932, there were 1,263,000 in company Unions; in 1933, 5,000,000. yen in some industries, where the A. F. of L. Jeaders actually claim members (Weirton Steel, Budd Auto, Ford Chester and Edgewater plants), company unions have been established by the N.R.A. strike- breaking. ~The growth of the A. F. of L., and the more rapid o growth of company unions, raises some de- questions for the American workers in their struggles against the slave conditions of the N.R.A. * . ee tm bane 4 i tise in company unionism is closely tied up with £,* the actions of the A. F, of L. officialdom in sup- i “porting the N.R.A. and in their whole policy of strike- taking. Both the A. F. of L. bureaucracy and the p unions represent # force for the enslavement e workers, for the carrying through of the em- Ss’ program. _ our propaganda against the company unions § of the greatest importance to show how the which promised the workers that they would in 1933, | From the start, General Johnson declared “collec- | tive bargaining” i- formulating codes was out. After | the codes were passed, the N.R.A. and the A. F. of L. | officials broke strikes on the promise of giving the | workers the right to elect representatives of their own | choosing. The bosses took this as a means of forcing company unions, | ‘Then, the most criminal act of all, was that com- | mitted by William Green, John L. Lewis, Sidney Hill- man, and other A. F. of L. leaders on the National Labor Board when they approved the open shop e ee This gave all the bosses the right to hire and fire workers on the basis of individual merit, regardless | of what organization they belonged to. From the { very beginning, the auto bosses declared this meant { the open shop, and the organization of company unions. In every field, the N.RA. has proved liself a powerful instrument of the bosses against the workers. Tt has lowered lving standards. It has stimulated company unionism. It has broken strikes. It has | created a bureaucracy of the government, supported strikes. The A. F, of L. officiakiom is tied wp with the apparatus of the employers, serving the employers These developments confront the workers with the need for carrying through two basic tasks; 1) To develop the clearest and sharpest opposition movement to the sell-out policies of the A. F. of L, bureaucrats of the A. F. of L., within the A F. of L.; 2) To tear the workers away from the company unions, and or- ganize them into fighting unions, controlled by the workers themselves. . | * © e e FX CARRYING through these tasks, the principle of | the united front—the unification of all workers in all organizations (A. F. of L., T.0.U.L,, independent unions, company unions, unorganized workers as well) —must be achieved. The policy of the militant workers must be to break down all barriers that now divide them from the other workers; and they must prove in practice to the ‘other workers that we stand for such unffi- cation in a struggle for the improvement of the work- ers’ conditions. | To smash down the growth of company unionism, te expose the strike-breaking role of the A F. of L. jJeaders within the N.R.A, we need ® much more | energetic drive on the part of all Communists and | militant trade unionists in developing rank and file | opposition groups in the A. F. of L. | These opposition groups must become powerful levers fighting against the employers’ policy repre- sented by the program of the A. F. of L. officials. The opposition groups, on the basis of the «nited front, must develop demands of the workers. ae ee @ ‘THOSE hundreds of plants where company unions have been established, the task of organizing the workers becomes greater than ever before. In most of these industries the workers have gone through struggles in which they have been betrayed by the A. F. of L. leaders through N-R.A. promises. The situation in these plants is now more favorable than ever before for organization and struggle. These workers have lived through the N.R.A. dis- illusionment. Their conditions have been made worse. They are under the grasp of the “yellow dog” com- pany unions. In these shops we must build shop and department committees, concretely exposing the par- ticular company union the workers are working under. We have the task of developing a program of struggle on the basis of demands drawn up by the workers, discussed by them, and popularized throughout the shop. Only in this way can we wreck the company | unions and prepare struggles to win organization and advances by the workers themselves. In all of these | tasks the Trade Union Unity League plays the leading | role, with the Communists at the head. An Important School | “ revolutionary workers’ movement. ‘The Communist Party is undertaking to meet this need. It is opening, during the first week in January, @ National Training School for the training of revo- lutionary leaders and fighters in the workers’ ranks. Thirty workers from the nation’s basic industries, steel, coal, auto, etc., will be brought to New York for a period of intensive training. The Comrades will become not only better leaders in the workers’ ranks, but on their return they can greatly aid In training local leaders to work and fight with them in the building of the trade unions, the unemployed organ- | izations, and the COmmunist Party. | This school will be of the greatest political im- | portance. As the Open Letter, adopted by the Extra- ordinary Party Conference, has already Pointed out, one of the greatest shortcomings in our work has been the low political level shown in the preparation and leadership of struggles. This school will be a starting point in overcoming this serious deficiency. Tt will also serve to better prepare these com- rades, and through them other comrades, to under- stand the maneuvers of Roosevelt, of the A. F. of L, bureaucrats, of the Socialist leaders. It will make them more qualified to reach the rank and file ‘work- ers of the A. F. of L., and the Socialist Party and win them for united revolutionary class struggle. Peal Ser eter U.S. SUBSIDIZES WAR LOOK AT THE BIRDIE! (Cato “By Gropper SHANGHAI, Dec. 21.—Martial law continues to be clamped down night- ly on this city, where growing mass discontent. and unrest are causing graye concern to the Nanking offi- cials and. their imperialist masters faced with a new advance of the Chinese-Red Army into Chekiang Province, Meetings of workers are prohibited, The Nanking regime today ordered an advance on the Chekiang front against the 19th Route Army of the Pukien secessionists and the Red Army which are advancing into Chekiang. by different routes. Aerial bombardment and destruction of Fukien centers of population was threatened by a Nanking spokesman who also announced plans for land- ing forces in Foochow, Fukien cap- ital, under cover of a bombardment by Nanking gunboats. Reports from Canton today said Chen Chia-tang, Kwangtung Prov- ince dictator, who is supporting the Pukien regime, had been wounded by an assassin’s bullet. Sa ae Soviet Press Comments On Fukien | Events MOSCOW, Dec. 21.—“Izvestia” and “Pravda,” Soviet newspapers, com- | Nanking Prepares to Bombard Fukien Cities mented a few days ago on the events in Fukien, “Izvestia,” official organ of the Soviet Government, declared: “The formation of the new govern- ment, and the anxiety caused by this event in Nanking, Canton, and Peip- ing, bear witness to the increasing instability of the Kuomintang reac- tion. The politicians of the new Fukien Government represent a bloc of several groupings, originating from the same camp as the Nanking and Canton rulers. Whatever radical slogans the Fukien Government may advance, it cannot have anything in common with the really revolutionary movement in China. That a number of the leaders of the Chinese bour- geoisie promise a compensatory redi- vision of land, or the liberty to strike, merely shows that they are afraid of the masses, and conscious to the ex- treme uncertainty of the rule of Chin- ese reaction.” “Pravda,” official organ of the Com- munist Party, commented: “There is no doubt that the events in Fukien will bring about even sharper struggles among the leading imperialist competitors in China — Japan, England and the U.S.A. These struggles may mean a repetition on Fukien territory of the well remem- Renewal of Chaco War Is Threatened Bolivia Charges a Vio- lation of Truce MONTEVIDEO, Dec. 21.—Capture Several days ago by Paraguayan troops of four strategic forts in the Chaco has evoked strong protests from Bolivia, and is reported to be threatening a resumption of hostili- ties despite the 10-day truce recent- ly effected in the two-year war. Bolivian delegates to the Pan- American Conference told that parley today that the forts were stormed and occupied four hours after the armistice was supposed to go into effect. The Paraguayan government argues that the forts were captured several hours before the armistice went into effect. The Bolivian government, which is feverishly striving to reorganize its shattered forces, claims that Para~ guay has violated the truce. bered Shanghai events. The policy of the Kuomintang has led invariably to the increasing dissatisfaction of not only the toiling masses and the soldiers, but of the petty bourgeoisie, and many of the officers. The events in Pukien are in a sense the effects of the process going on in China at the present time.” cee e Compensation for Workers a Farce in U. S.A. By VERN SMITH MOSCOW, U. S. S. R. (By Mail) — When I left America we had three and a half years of bitter struggle for social insurance. There had been hunger marches, by cities, by coun- ties, by states and two great marches ( ows school is made possible through the energetic support of many Districts and through the self- sacrifice of a number of comrades, Nevertheless, it will be & tremendous burden on the movement, » bur- den which can only be lifted through the school receiving further support from sympathizers and mem- bers of the working class movement, The Central Committee of the Communist Party appeals to all who realize the significance of such a school, to contribute towards its maintenance. Con- tributions may be sent to A. Markoff, 35 E. 12 New York City. sae a 2.000 HAIL SOVIET RECOGNITION AT CLEVELAND MEET | , Dec. 21.—In one of and most enthusiastic clalist construction and contrasted speakers were Max Hayes of the A. of delegates of the unemployed from every state upon the national capi- tal. There had been countless skir- mishes with police, daily, almost hourly battles by workers resisting eviction from their homes while un- employed. And this fight is still go- ing on, a struggle of hundreds of thousands, for the right of 17,000,000 unemployed workers to get even the beginnings of social insurance—which they don’t. have at all in any form in the United States, ‘The editor of the Daily Wotker gave me instructions to study social insurance in the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics, Well, the first thing is’ that our main demands in America are of purely academic interest here. For our main demand, what in America likely to ever be any any more, in the Soviet Union. The reason is that there can’t be any industrial crisis because the millionaire class, the class of capitalists, the class which owned for a living instead of work- ing for a living, got run out of the country or put to work, 16 years ago, Without an owning class, draw- ing profits and glutting the mark- ets with the surplus goods repre- sented by those proifts, surplus in the sense that no worker or farmer has the money to buy them, you can’t have an industrial crisis. Without this, or an industry grow- ing much too slowly for the coun- try, you can’t have unemployment. Neither of these conditions prevails in the Soviet Union. But, social insurance is more than just unemployment insurance, as we showed in America when we wrote into the Workers’ Unemployment In- surance Bill some casual phrases about old age, sickness, accident and maternity insurance. We never really thought much about these matters, for they were totally overshadowed in importance by the necessity of terrific struggle for the right of the AVIATION INDUSTRY Plane Industry Kept _ Up By Gov’t Contracts; Form Los Angeles Committee Against _ War and Fascism 1,200 Hail Decision; | Delegates from Many Groups Present | anes | LOS ANGELES, Cal., Dec. 21.—A | permanent local organization for the) struggle against war to be affiliated to the American League Against War land Fascism was formed here last |week at the Los Angeles Anti-War | Congress. Some 1200 persons from |Los Angeles and surrounding sections ;packed the Orange Grove Theatre | When the decision was made. Delegates in attendance at the Con- gress represented many important | trade union, cultural and political or- | ganizations. | John A. Weatherwax of the Cal- |ifornia Committee Against War pre- sented the manifesto of the Congress to the delegates and in his speech |pointed out that the effort to or- |ganize opposition against war and |fascism should unite all workers and intellectuals regardless of political or religious belieis.. | A report of the U. S. Congress jAgainst War held in New York in |October was presented by Dr. Alonzo Reynolds. Greetings and pledges of support |were brought by speakers from many {groups, including Sydney Terwilliger, Secretary of Anti-Fascist Action, Gross W. Alexander of the Methodist Church, Theodore Gottsdanker of ICOR, Max Olsen of the Young Com- munist League, Hara Tashi of the Japanese Proletarian League, and Ezra Chase, representing the Workers Ex-Servicemen’s League. Lawrence Ross, representing the Communist Party, gave full approval to the manifesto of the national con- gress. “War and fascism,” he said, “are the continuation by forcible means, of everyday politics.” “We of the Communist Party,” he said, “are glad towork with pacifist groups insofar as they are willing to enter the work on the basis of strug- gle. But if war is to be eradicated, it must be eradicated by getting at its roots, the capitalist system.” Troops Attack Voters In Rumanian Election BUCHAREST, Rumania, Dec, 21— The Liberal government will retain control of parliament as the result of a “victory” in yesterday’s election, secured by fascist violence at the polls against revolutionary workers and peasants and members of the national minorities. At least six persons were killed and scores wounded by gendarmes and other thugs of the government. In Braila, Jassy and Cernowitz, the gov- ernment sponsored attacks against Jewish voters. Hungarian peasants who tried to get to the polling sta- tion at Pebarthida were fired on by gendarmes, ‘The illegal Communist Party was forbidden to offer candidates in the | election, Here, in the U. 8. 8. R., social in- surance means that sort of thing: sickness, accident, old age, maternity, etc, “Insurance” In U. 8. In some states in America we have a semblance of accident insurance, in the form of workmen’s compensation laws. John Brown is killed in a mill. His widow gets a couple of thousand dollars from the company which has insured him with some life insur- ance company—provided she makes application on time, and successfully wades through all the red tape, and provided the company’s: lawyer or the insurance company’s lawyer can’t find some grounds on which to evade payment, such as John’s technical unemployment at the moment of the accident because he was not just then doing his regular work, or some- thing like that. If John is only crippled, the law provides in some states that the com- pany or a state fund has to pay the hospital bill, and there may be some weekly payment, very small, besides. ‘The company doctor, “the croaker,” will see to it that John is declared cured when he is still half dead. If 17,000,000 jobless to get a sufficient dole to live on. it is cheaper to pay for the loss of an arm or a hand, than it is to pay tions held in this city, 2,000 crowded into the Masonic rium last Sunday to celebrate Tecognition by the United It was “Soviet Union” day land. Lamont of New York ad- d the meeting, which was ar- by the Cleveland branch of ds of the Soviet Union and working class organizations. Grand Lodge of Ohio of the endent Sons of Italy, whose were in session at the Statler here, were loudly applauded } a communication was received greeting the Soviet Union occasion of the recognition mont, the main speaker, was d to the echo, as he indicated these with the chaos—unemployment. and distress—existing in the capit- alist lands, While acclaiming the successes of Socialist construction, he pointed out that these successes were won only through sacrifice and struggle on the part of the workers and peasants in the Soviet Union and that through these sacriflices and struggles, the workers and peasants have achieved Positive results, enjoying benefits not enjoyed by any other workers in the world. He stressed the fact that social insurance is already enjoyed by these workers, while workers throughout the rest of the world are starving for the lack of the bare necessities of life. A long and varied program included the Ukranian, Hungarian, Negro and Jewish choruses as well as the endous achievemnts of so- mandolin orchestra. The F. of L., editor of the “Cleveland Citizen,” Rev. Edwin A. Brown of the Broadway Methodist Church, 0. G. Crawford, prominent Socialist of Erie, Pa., who has just returned from a tour in the Soviet Union, Emil Gar- dos of the Communist Party, and Norman H, Tallentire, National Or- ganizer of the FS.U, Fifty applications for membership into the F.S.U, were received and in addition to the admission fee, a col- lection of $174 was donated for the work of the organization, The local branch of the F.S.U. 1s immediately to go to work to roll up @ record delegation to the national convention of the F.8.U. in New York City on Jan. 26. The local branch is also planning to secure a workers’ delegation to the Soviet Union on May 1 is the very essence of social insur- ance, is unemployment insurance. No Unemployed In U. 8S. 8. R. Unemployment insurance hasn't the slightest importance to a factory worker in the Soviet Union today, because there just isn’t any unem- ployment for him. In mills, mines, railroads, marine transport, light or heavy industry or any other kind of industry, no one who wants to work need be without a job. In fact when a factory of prime importance to the needs of the whole country is started up, or increases its size and there- fore its need for workers, it actually has to go out and make a series of treaties with the collective farms or other institutions to have some of their workers recruited for work in the new plant. This happens all the time on a Bigantic scale here. There isn’t any unemployment, hasn't been any for years, and isn’t January 6th “Daily” Will Reprint Moving Story of Death of Lenin ‘The January 23rd, 1924, issue of the Daily Worker, with the first an- nouncement of the death of our immortal leader, Lenin, will be reproduced in full in the 24-page, tenth anniversary edition of the Daily Worker, com- ing off the press on Jan, 6th, By securing the anniversary number, workers will have another oppor- tunity to read the stirring story, restrained yet deeply moving, of the hourly conditions of our great leader before his last breath left him. ‘The 1924 issue is beautifully illustrated and contains bulletins by Soviet physicians who attended Lenin faithfully during his illness Workers throughout the world wept when they read of Lenin's death. The 24-page, tenth anniversary edition of the Daily Worker will mark a decade that our “Daily” has loyally carried on the revolutionary teachings of Lenin. Do not miss reading the histortenl Janney 6th, 2-page Daily Worker! for curing them, t‘e “croaker” will have them cut off. \ uch cases have been reported more than once in the Daily Worker. Old age insurance usually means the poor house, in most American states, and those who get into it are considered Inucky; many old men. are just found dead on the street, “from pneumonia,” ‘The company’s maternity insurance is no problem, they just solve that by discharging the woman as soon as her condition is obvious. Read Insurance in U.S.S.R. Now, for contrast of the two sys- tems, let us take the case of one T. Smirnov, who worked at “Shariko- podshipnik,” the First State Ball Bearing Factory, in Moscow. His case will be like that of all others, in all ether Soviet factories. Smirnov was killed. He was one of very few. The rate of fatal ac- cidents in this mill of 12,000 workers, most of them unused to machinery until they came here, is nevertheless so low as to be insignificant. But Smirnov was’ Killed, lke the John Brown we mentioned in Amer- ica. And, he had a wife and three children, First of all, she wasn’t evicted as soon as her income stopped, like John Brown's wife. Smirnov’s apartment in one of the ten big workers’ dwell- ing houses that serve the Ball Bear- ing plant is hers and her children’s as long as they are still children. Educating the children is no prob- lem for her, they go to school free and get their meals at school, also free. Those that are very young get % ‘Stockholders Demand Pay Starvation Wages | Qpen Shop to Meet - | “War Danger” | By SEYMOUR WALDMAN (Daily Worker Washington Burean) | WASHINGTON, Dec, 21.—dncor- porated patriotism in the person of |the aircraft manufacturing industry workers were paid $15 a week and 40 cents an hour and forced to slave |in an open shop six days a week on | staggered shifts “this country’s prog- |ress in peace” would be “slowed up” and every one of its citizens “en dangered in war.” The cause of patriotism, continued Leighton W. Rogets, the executive vice-president of the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of America, Inc. the sponsor of the aviation code, demands “elasticity of hours and re~ |tention of employees on merit alone.” | “Ace” Owns Securities | Colonel Edward V. Rickenbacker, described by the official National Re- coyery Administration publicity re- |lease-as the “famous American world war-ace,” appeared in behalf of the patrioteers. “Eddie” Rickenbacker, featured as the National Hero, told N.R.A. Assistant Deputy Administra- tor Ammerman that the aircraft in- |dustry “is here today seeking the co- operation of the N.R.A. in permitting its continued existence,” not merely as @ commercial industry “but as one creatéd by the government as an es- sential unit of the national defense establishment and one that may upon short notice be called upon to deliver to our military and naval forces the greatest possible number of aircraft capable of striking down an enemy before that enemy can strike at us.” ‘What the official N.R.A. publicity release didn’t point out is that “Ed- die” Rickenbacker is a director of the National Aviation Corporation and thus vitally interested in paying work- ers as little as possible. That the Na~ tional Aviation Corporation holds securities of established companies in the various lines of aviation activity, including manufacturing and devel~ opment. That our hero’s company, in addition to having participated in the organization and financing of the Curtiss Flying Service, Inc., the Sikor- sky Aviation Corporation and the Aviation Credit Corporation, owns 98 per cent of the Washington Air Ter- minals Corporation, Big Government Subsidies Employees’ representatives pointed out that the government practically supports the aviation industry, hav- ing given it “approximately 80 per cent of its orders” and asked for a minimum wage of $19.50 a. week, a five-day week of 30 hours, or 65 cents an. hour, with appropriate. increase differentials for semi-skilled and skilled workers. The labor brief, pre- sented by Merle Benton of the Amer- ican Federation of Labor, also pro- posed time and one-half for overtime instead of time and one-third. that the aviation industry cannot,. “except on rare occasions,” employ labor shifts, Mr. Rogers, the protector of the people, declared that “constant attention of artisans ‘is necessary. A man on a fine adjust- ment, upon which human lives will depend when the product is in the air, cannot quit just because a whistle blows.” Artisans and human life at $15 a week—that’s capitalist patriot~ ism! Social Insurance----What It Means to Workers in the U.S.S.R. No Jobless in USSR; Insurance for Old- Age,Accident,Etc. she and her children draw Smir- nov’s total salary, until the children are 18 years of age and have gone to work to draw their own salaries. If she had only two children she would have been given seventy-five per cent of Smirnov’s salary. If che had none, and was a young wo- man, she might have got none of it, but would have had the other privileges. If she is old, or sick, even without children, an adjust- ment is made and she gets some- thing. In ‘the case of Smirnov, which, by the way, is an actual real’ case, the management of the mill voted: the widow a donation of 300 rubles, the fi committee of the General Ma~= chine Construction Workers Union voted her another 300, and she got 2,000 more from a voluntary insur~ ance organjzation that Smirnov had Joined. t Furthermore, the union watches over her and over her children, They are the responsibility of the union, If more money is necded for any reason, the union, in whose hands are -allsocial insurance funds with the full power to administer them, bit see to it that the necessities are met. place as puardian of the family when he is kitled. Aside from joining a voluntary nursery attention during the day. Any and all of them may get medical attention, hospital care, etc., if they need it at any time—tfree. Besides this, Smirnov's widow has all the privileges that Smirnov hed of buying articles of necessity and food in the factory's closed stores, for prices much less than the market price, ment of 2,000 rubles on his death, Smirnov while working paid noth. ned for the insurance of his fam- dependants comes from the income of the factory. It is just part of the opcrating cxpeace of the fac- ‘That is one example, and more details will .be_given in'a following article,“ of socfai™insurance im the late yesterday warned that unless its “ Smirnov’s union steps into his”