The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 4, 1933, Page 1

Your $1 to the | | Will Help | Lynch Geer] Daily Worker | It Fight | Law! ‘(Section of the Communist International) eo masons | | America’s Only Working Class Daily Newspaper WEATHER :—Showers, Vol. X, No. 290 = * Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office af New York, W. ¥., under the Act of March 8, 187%. NEW YORK, MONDAY, DECEMBER, 4, 1933 (Six Pages) Price 3 Cents JUDGE SPEEDS 2nd SCOTTSBORO BOY TO DEATH VERDICT U.S. Anti-Imperialist Meeting in Cuba Is Stopped by Troops Protest of Cuban Factory Workers Forces the Release of U. S. Delegation Hand of Welles, U. S. Ambassador, Seen in Countermand of Permit of Meeting (Special to the HAVANA, Cuba, Daily Worker.) Dec. 3.—Military troops were used yesterday by the Commandant of Santa Clara to stop a meet- ing of Cuban workers and peasants organized toe welcome the American Anti-Imperialist Delegation. This suppressive action came after the anti-imperialist delagation had been granted®. full permission by thé Secre-| i tary of the Interior and War, Gui-| Vivid Articles on Situation in Cuba Begin Today on P. 6 teras, to travel freely and’ to hold See page six for the first of a meetings. The local military com-+/} mandant notified the delegation that | he had received instructions from) Fuiteras to stop the meeti Sugar Workers Protest secies of articles by Harry Gannes, In this counter-command, the || chairman of the Anti-Imperialist hand of the U. S. Ambassador, Welles, |} Delegation now visiting Cuba. The delegation visited the Machado dungeons and the factories where the Cuban workers went out on general strike. They fraternized is clearly seen. This action has aroused the strong- est indignation and protest among the’ workers of Santa Clara, who im- mediately formed a joint delegation with the membgrs of the Delegation with the Cuban soldiers and sail- ors. The series will give the best to protest to the Grau government. ‘The workers of the Tanguaro Sugar Mill met in protest. Vigorous pro- tests will also be made to Roosevelt and Welles against this attempt to prevent the unity of the Cuban and American masses against imperialism. The Delgation was held for a short time under military detention, but was later allowed to proceed. Hold Scottsboro Meeting. . It was decided that pert of the Delegation, consisting of Shepard and Runge, will proceed to the in- terior io the Oriente Province to) the workers who seized the) Wali Street sugar mills, and to hold | meet Solidarity Anti-Imperialist prUtest meetings there. The rest of the delegation is pro-! ceeding back to Havana, where a huge Scottsboro protest meeting has been arranged by the Negro Society. The Délegation will speak at this meeting. The Delegation has arranged to visit the families of victims of the Machado regime as well as p-isoners | still in jail In addition the delegates will ad- dress a mass meeting of the Havana Trade Unions, protesting the Santa Clara action of the Cuban troops at the command of the Grau Minister of the Interior. The Delegation consists of Harry Gannes, Chairman, of the Anti- perialisi| League and the Daily Worker staff; J. B. Matthews, Chair- man of the American Committee Against War and Fascism; Henry Sheppard, of the Trade Union Unity Council x-Servicemon’s League and a veteram of the Spanish-American War. Outlaw Strike of N. Y. Shoe Workers. NEW YORK, N. Y., Dec. 3.—The New York National Labor Board has threatened to outlaw the strike of the New York shoe workers, it was re+ vealed today by Fred Biedenkapp, general secretary of the Shoe and Leather Workers Industrial Union. The N. R. A. board threatens to disregard the terms of settlement which the strikers, through their mili- tant fight, forced fhe employers and the N. R. A. Board itself to accept, Biedenkapp said. Strike Not Over ‘The general strike of 14,000 shoe, slipper and stitchdown workers in ‘New York is not over yet, Biedenkapp declared. Out of 129 shops on strike, 105 have settled with the union, he said, but 24 shops are still on strike, including I. Miller, Delman, Morgan and Grossman, Vincent Horowitz, and others. The strikers through their militant struggle, which included mass picket- ing against injunctions, in which many were arrested, forced conces- sions of wage increases and recogni- tion of shop committees in the settle- ment, which concessions were em- bodied in the ruling of the National Labor Board. Now the employers in the 24 shops still on strike refuse to settle on this basis. The local N. R. A. board threatens to disregard the settlement won by the workers, and accepted in the rul- ings of the N. R. A., and order the Strikers in these 24 shops back with- out concessions. Trickery of Bosses The employers have tried to trick the strikers out of victory by ordering (Continued on Poge 2 Alfred Runge, of the Work-| first-hand account of the present \[ state of affairs in Cuba, semi- colony of American imperialism. ‘3,000 Sausage Men Strike in 96 Plants _ for Minimum Wage Chicago Meat Workers Also Demand the | “’)-Hour Week | CHICAGO, IL, Dee. 3. — Three thousand sausage workers at 96 plants have gone on strike for the 40-hour’ week and minimum wage seale for skilled workers of $28, $34 |and $40 a week. The strike: involves members of the unions of the A. F. of L., such as sausage workers, meat cutters, meat wagon drivers and meat peddlers unions, all affiliated to the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and But- chers of North America. Affects Small Shops | This strike formulated demands only for the most skilled workers, | Sandwich pickets are stationed at the j “3tablishments where the workers are jon strik>, “his sts is not affect- 3 any big packers. Ii affects only small shops. ; The union burecrats of the Live- ‘stock Handlers Union are having a ; conference with the general manager |of the Union Stockyards and Transit Co., in an attefapt to adjust the de- mands raised by the workers in the recent strike. The Livestock Handlers must be on the look-out for any new | sell-out that the burocrats might at- tempt to put over. Industrial Union Active The Packing House Workers Indus- ‘ial Union intensifies its organiza- tional drive among the packing house workers and fully supports the work- ers on strike, working towards strngthening the strike, and warns the workers against any betrayals of the union burocrats, urging mass picketing and calls ypon the unorgan- ized and unskilled workers who are on strike to formulate demands. The P. H. W. I. U. also calls upon the skilled workers, organized into the unions of the A. F. of L. not to be- tray the unorganized and unskilled workers, but to fight together to im- rove conditions of all the workers. For the unskilled workers who are on | strike no demands were formulated. | Militia Deports | Seven Leaders of _ New Mexico Strike Benjamin Speaks at| Protest Meeting in N. Y. Thursday GALLUP, N. M Dec. 3. — The| Gallup state militia has re-arrested | | and deported to Arizona the mine strike leaders, Charles Guynn, Henry Sumid, Frank Georges, Richard Al- jlander, Bob Roberts and Martha Roberts of the National Miners Union, Henry Sumid of the Labor Re- | search Association and Clarence Lynch of the International Labor De- |fense. The strike leaders were) | NEW YORK.—Herbert Benjamin, national organizer of the Unem~ ployed Councils, just released from prison at Albuquerque, New Mex- ico, will speak in New York City on Thursdav nivht, Dec. 7, at 7:30 ’. m., at Webster Hall, 119 East 11th St. I. Amter, national secretary of the Unemployed Councils, will be chairman. Other speakers will be Richard Moore, general secretary of the League of Struggle for Negro Rights, Richard Sullivan, secretary of the Unemployed Councils of New York, and Juliet 5. Poyntz of the Trade Union Unity Council. dragged from their beds, held in the military stockade until Saturday, and | then deported to Navajo, in the Ari- | zona desert, and left destitute. | This is a continuation of Gen. | Wood's attempt, with the support of | Major Moore of the N. R. A. board, | to drive the leaders of the N. M. U. | out of the state. ‘The militia, with approval of the | N. R. A, have thus again violated the agreement? which sétiled the siriké of the Gallup miners. Under this strike settlement, all strike leaders were to have been released unconditionally. | Protsts Urged | ‘The deportation of these leaders of | the National Miners Union is an at~ | tempt of the military and the com- | panies to smash the National Miners | Union, and oust the organization j from the ficid. The N. M. U., as a | result of the favorable settlement of \ the strike, is in an entrenched posi- | tion in the New Mexico field, and the | (Continued on Page 2) ‘Bear Mt. Workers — Call First Strike on Civil Works Job, NEW YORK.—When 1,500 civil | works employes assemble at Wee-| | hawken Ferry at W. 42nd St. at 5:30 | this morning for their trip to Bear | Mountain, where they work, they | will declare a strike and attempt to call out a second contingent of Bear Mountain C, W. A. workers which is scheduled to follow them in 20 min- | utes, The strikers will march to Com- missioner Taylor's office and demand that the work be scheduled so that they receive $5 per day for a three~ day week; pay for rainy days; guar- antee of $15 per week; no discrim- ination against strikers; and aboll- tion of the present charge of 50 cents for transportation. The workers were told Saturday that they would receive less under the Civil Works Administration for the hours worked than they had been receiving under the Temporary Emergency Work Relief. The strike is a result of a meeting which the workers held on the train returning from work Saturday. Under the system which had been | in force since Noy. 21, 1932, the men had been receiving $4 a day; 6 days a weck; 2 weeks’ work a@ month. Under the proposed Civil Works program the men will receive $15 for a 30-hour week, less trans- portation charges of 50 cents a day. STRIKES COMING THIS MONTH, SAYS JOHNSON Enforced “Compliance ” With Wage-Cutting Drive of N.R.A., Keynote of Phila., Speech: “No Strikes Wanted,” He Says PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Dec. 8—New machinery of the N. R. A. will be in effect this month, to outlaw strikes and to enforce wage cutting decisioris of the N. R. A., General here yesterday. The keynote of Johnson’s speech was the program for the outlawing of strikes by the Roose~ velé government. Johnson emphasized |that the officials of the American Federation of Labor, William Green, | ete., are supporting the strikebreak- ing drive of the N. R. A To “Force Compliance” | |. “By the first of the year there will be a new and adequately implemented nation-wide system for compliance,” Johnson said. “It is neither faithful nor fair to strike until the means provided under the law have been pursued,” he repeated in another part of his speech. On the question of forcing the work- ers to comply with the ruling of the N.R. A. and preventing strikes, John- son declared, “there has been delay in setting up adequate machinery of compliance.” The new machinery to “force compliance,” Johnson said, “will be in a position to act promptly and forcefully.” Does Not Want Strikes Johnson's speech continually came back to the question of the use of government force to impose the wage! cutting decisions ofthe Ny fi. A-‘on the workers. “We will not. let any dispute drag out interminably until the workers are started back to their jobs,” he declared. “If it cannot be done through the mediation of the labor board, it will be done by ap- plication of the penal sanctions of the N. R. A. Nobody wants long drawn out strikes. They starve labor and ruin industry. What we want is swift action and loyal compliance.” Green Support Johnson That the A. F. of L. officials are behind the drive to ovtlaw strikes ad impose worse conditions on the workers through the N. R. A. deci- sions was brought out when Johnson extolled the “faithfullness and fair- ness of organized labor.” He quoted the A. F. of L. leaders in repeatedly (Continued on Page 2) | Johnson, chief N. R. A. administrator, made clear in a speech} Johnson Approves 25 Per Cent Cut in | Cotton Operations: Mass Unemployment Foreeast This Month in Code Ruling WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. 3. — |General Johnson yesterday approved | not only to teach “niggers” to stay the reconuzerdation of the Cotton Textile Institute, composed of textile employers who run the cotton code, that machine hours of oneration be cut 25 per cent under hours now al- lowed, dur'ng the month of Decem- ber. This means part-time work for the workers of the textile industry this month, as well as mass unem- ployment. @olnson on behalf of the NRA. “hailed” the recommendation, which means further starvation for the tex- tile workers, as “an indication of the possibility of self-government by in- dustry under codes of fair competi- tion.” ‘The ruling of the N.R.A. further concurs in the recommendation that for ninety days shortening of the ma~ chine hours worked in any branch of industry may be put into effect. The reason. given by the “Code Authority,” the Cotton Institute, for | the cut, was “to meet emergency con- | ditions now prevailing in the in- dustry,” caused by “a seasonal slump in sales.” The textile industry, the | first to go under the N, R. A., has a |minimum wage of only $13 a week and the code governs not only cot- ton, but silk and rayon as’well. Mass unemployment this month is forecast in the textile industry. Chicago Answers Philadelphia HICAGO workers are taking real action to help save our Daily Worker. They have accepted Phila- delphia’s challenge, and to show that they mean real business rushed | $153.96 yesterday. The challenge was accepted at a functionaries’ meeting of the Com- munist Party, District 8, Chicago, and the following resolution adopted: “Whereas the Philadelphia Dis- trict of the Communist Party to- gether with the close sympathizers of the revolutionary movement has challenged Chicago to fulfill its quota in the Daily Worker drive and at the same time increasing its own quota from $2,000 to $2,500. “Be it resolved that we the func- tionaries of the Commun'st Party of Chicago full endorse the deci- sion of the District secretariat, Dis- trict 8, to fulfill our quota of $5,000, and also “Be it resolved that we accept the challenge made by Philadelphia and pledge ourselves to fulfill our quota before Philadelphia raises its increased quota of $2,500.” am 8 IHICAGO is one of the first dis- tricts to send tag day receipts. With $153.96 already raised, Chicago pledges at least another $100 from tag day collections éhortly. “The activity" in the Daily Worker Tag Day drive showed that workers are more enthusiastic about our ‘Daily’ than ever before,” Chicago writes. “There were more collectors out than |we had for a long time in our tag | day campaigns.” ee, 8 a spirit being shown by Phila- | Adelphia workers and of Chicago | should be adopted by workers in every city. How about you comrades of | New York, Detroit, Cleveland? Fol- | low Philadelphia and Chicago. Pledge | to raise your quotas quickly. Yester- | day we. passed the $30,000 mark. | Quick action will turn our $40,000 | drive into » ~-'~“-vik triumph. It | vill save our Daily Worker from the grave financiat uanger it is in at this time. ALTOGETHER NOW! EVERY DISTRICT! FORWARD TO THE COMPLETION OF THE DRIVE. | EVERY READER HELP BY SEND- |ING IN A DOLLAR! SPEED YOUR | CONTRIBUTIONS, NO MATTER |HOW SMALL TO THE. DAILY | WORKER. EVERY CENT IS | NEEDED. Wit ee Saturday’s receipts . $ 315.92 Previous total ..--.. 10,059.42 | motal to date .......,$50,375.54 ¢ MACHINERY TO OUTLAW | | Sidelights on the Lynch Trial of Heywood Patterson Daily Worker Reveals How the Southern “Liberals” Give Help to Prosecution By JOHN L. SPIVAK ARTICLE 1. Of all the court cases ¥ have ever witnessed in 18 years of newspaper | covering of trfals, and of all the cases I have ever heard of, I never saw | Clarence | | or heard of one so raw, so brazenly indifferent to the primitive principles | | of simple justice as the third trial of Heywood Patterson in the Morgan | County courthouse in Decatur before Circuit Judge W.W. (“Speed”) Callahan, | It was not a trial in the legal | sense of the word. Alabama simply |rushed through what was obviously | a pre-arranged determination to place a Negro boy in the electric chair at Kilby Prison in Montgom~ \ery, Alabama. | Determined to Kill. } ‘These are strong words. But 1| ‘have never been so keenly aware | lof the utter impossibility of the| | Scottsboro boys to get simple jus-| | tice as I am now that the Patterson | | trial is over. Prop of Lynchers Alabama is deter- | }mined to burn the Scottsboro boys “in their place” but to teach the] North and the rest of the country | Negro Witnesses Testify in Defense of Clarence Norris Defense Nails Lies _ of Prosecution on _ First Day of Trial Patterson’s Sentence Fixed for End of Norris Trial DECATUR, Ala., Dee. 3. — Norris, who Friday night heard the jury bring in a death verdict against Hey- wood Patterson, after a rushed three-day trial, went on trial here yesterday, the second of the innocent Scottsboro boys to face Judge Calla- | han’s lynch-court. | He faced the hostile frame-up court under the same circumstances in | which Patterson had found himself: with a judge and jury and prosectt- ing corps determined to railroad his case through, despite all evidence pointing to his undoubted innocence, to a quick death verdict. Nail Prosecution Lies Under the vigorous cross-examine - | tion by the defense, the testimony of the prosecution witnesses crumbled here as lie after lie was nailed. ‘These lies were exposed in spite of the ef- that it inends to run its own state | ]as it pleases. Just so long as miserable politicians of the type of Judge Callahan and| Attorney General Thomas E. Knight, | Jr., and the ruling-class inspired mob , clamor that they represent, are toler- ated in Alabama or elsewhere in the United States, justice will be a mock- eryy. Callahan and Kri¢ht,- as -can- didates of the traditional lynch Party the Democratic Party—deliberately set out to send Patterson and the | other boys to their deaths for po! tical advantage. They set out to) again ride into political power on) the arms of a mob lusting for the| blood of the Scottsboro boys, which | they themselves inspired. | sult of editorializing by an angry re~- | porter disillusioned by the farce call- led law in Alabama. They are the mature convictions following the | hearing of every bit of testimony in | the Patterson trial this Spring, and |again in the Patterson trial during the past week, as well as personal |conversations with Atorney-General | Knight, Judge Callahan, Judge Hor- ton, who presided at the Spring trial, and other Alabama officials, The pertinent parts in these conversations which have never been hitherto pub- lished will be given in these articles. | Scottsboro cases came up before Judge Callahan, I had been investi- gating the reports that had seeped up North, that the Scottsboro cases had been set for a conviction, so far as the boys themselves were concerned, and for a massacre of the Intern; Gefended them, once they walked in- {to the Morg: County courthouse. IT | found plenty including the reported laughter of defendants and their at~ torneys, was a set-up. “Liberal” Aids Prosecution Some three or four days before the | case actually opened in Decatur, I \called upon a Mr. Fidelson, associate editor of the Birmingham News Age Herald, one of the influential dailies in Alabama. I had learned that he, Will Alexander of the Inter-racial Commission with headquarters Atlanta, Bishop McDowell of Ala~- bama, and a number of “influential” citizens had been holding secret meetings in an effort to persuade the state-to postpone the Patterson trial. They were afraid that a slaughter might result. The editorials in the News Age Herald delicately said as much. This Mr. Fidelson, who had stumbled into editorial writing from a job as Young Men’s Hebrew Asso- (Continued on Page 2) | These statements are not the re-| For a week before the first of the| - tional Labor Defense attorneys, who | of circumstantial evi-| eemed to prove that the} inj her Victoria Price, who repeated lying “rape” story through which the Alabama lynchers hope to the other Scottsboro boys. Negro Shot During Lynch Celebration | On Eastern Shore PRINCESS ANNE, Dec. 3.—Eastern |Shore lynchers celebrating the re- j lease of four arrested leaders of the mob which lynched George Armwood, Negro worker, shot William Jones, Negro, in the leg. No arrests were made, Jones, one of the few Negroes re- maining in Princess Anne after Wed- nesday's exodus of Negro families, Was passing, a group of white men gathered around a huge bonfire read ing newspaper reports of the ten minute hearing and release of the four lynch leaders, when several of | them fired at him. . Gov. Ritchie yesterday announced that he would take no further ac- | tion against the known lynchers of to order by the mass pressure or- ganized by the League of Struggle for Negro Rights, the International Labor Defense and other organiza- tions through the Baltimore Public Inquiry and Anti-Lynchjfig Confer- ence, - By MICHAEL GOLD NEW YORK.—There have been other demonstrations in Harlem. Each has had its own character, The dem- onstration on Saturday, when the news came of the verdict in the Scottsboro frame-up, had the fervor of a crusade, Tt was the pouring out of a peo- ple’s heart. The savages of Alabama, |and all lynchers in general, might | have learned a grave lesson, For every innocent boy they murder so foully, there is an instant answer. A thousand new fearless voices are raised in the chorus of revolution. ‘The demonstration began with Thousands of New, Fearless Voices in Harlem Protest Scottsboro Verdict STIRRING PARADE, CHEERED ON. LINE OF MARCH, SWELLED BY THOUSANDS AS IT WINDS THROUGH HARLEM STREETS | some 2,500 organized marchers in line, white and Negro proletarians carry- ing the red banners of their trade unions, fraternal organizations and Communist branches, ‘The parade wound in and out of all the principal Harlem thorough- fares for four hours, By the time it ended in a mass meeting at Central Park, the march was swollen to twice its original number, by men and wo- men, who stepped off the sidewalks. Janitors left their basements, mothers left their kitchen stoves, kids forgot their games, to march, Most of them, it. was obvious, had never been in a demonstration before, Along the sidewlks other thou- sands cheered the demonstrators. At every intersection the police used their old petty provocation. They would try to break up the parade by signalling the traffic through. But the parade closed ranks and resisted this disruption. At 135th St. and Seventh Avenue there was a typical instance. A cop with an inflamed face, red as tomato ketchup, started to bust up things. But several taxicab drivers got off their cabs, and cursed the cop. “Don’t break up that pa~ rade, damn you!” It was probably the first time that any of these ha~ [tassed and browbeaten chauffeurs had risen against their traditional enemy, the bullies in nr‘form, And it was a success, for the bewildered cop was Jost in a swiil of marching, cheering, defiant proletarians, and the parade went on. All Harlem was turned into a soap- box on Saturday, a great forum in which every demonstrator had his speaking role. There was a constant chanting of slogans by the marchers; “Death to Lynchers!” and “The Scottsboro Boys Shall Not Die!” ‘The bands. played, the drums beat, the banners waved. The Harlem tene- ments vibrated to the profound in- toxicating roar of this mass, “Come and join us! Join us!” the marchers yelled at the spectators on the sidewalks. And they would be swept away, and join. Two men, boot- blacks, fell into line with their boxes. A janitor in overalls came with his broom over his shoulder. A mother pushed her baby carriage into the line. One of the marchers saw his girl friend on the sidewalk, and drag- ged her in, while the marchers cheered, On every stoop there was a fierce discussion. A marcher selling Daily Workers’ would sell 2 dozen copies to eager buyers, at the same time tell- ing swiftly the meaning of this dem- onstration, And they listened and shook their heads, and said with deep emotion, “That's right, brother, You're right, those boys must not die!” Pioneers On the Job The Pioneer kids did a good job. ‘They nad been equipped with chalk, and advanced in a flying brigade with the march, chalking on every truck and auto, every sidewalk and wall: “The Scottsboro Boys Shal} Not Die!" Out of a dentist's window a woman patient with a towel around her neck leaned out. She and the dentist waved their handkerchiefs to the (Continued om Page 2) electrocute Heywood Patterson and | | Armwood, whose arrest he was forced | forts of Callahan, who continually re- fused to permit questions that would have exposed even more fully the frame-up nature of the entire pro- ceedings against the innocent boys. Examined by Samuel 8. Liebowitz, defense attorney, two state witnesses contradicted previous claims of the prosecution when they swore they sav Victoria Price on the ground at a spot 520 feet away from the place |where she had herself claimed she | “fainted” on alighting from a gon- |dola car. | Other state witnesses admitted, under cross-examination, that they |had seen a group of Negroes stand- |ing in one of the cars far behind the \car in which fighting between Negro ; youths and a group of white hoboes ; was in progress. | Nesro Worker Testifies | The growing fearlessness and soli- | darity of southern Negro workers with | the fremed Scottsboro boys was more jthan ever before evident at yester- |day’s trial session. | Perey Ricks, Negro fireman of the | ‘rain in which the ficht had occurred, testified openly for the defense, stat- [ing that he saw both Victoria Price j and Ruby Bates running back and | (Continued on Page 2) Call Scottsboro Demonstration for Sat. in Union Square | NEW YORK.—With an overflow meeting outside, the Emergency | Scottsboro anti-lyneching conference | opened yesterday afternoon at the In~ - | ternational Workers Order Hall, 415 | Lenox Avenue, with 149 delegates | present from 46 organizations, includ~ jing Harlem and Brooklyn Negro |church congregations, the Universal | Negro Improvement Association, ‘the | Indo - American Committee | Racial and Religious Prejudice, ‘the Inter-Social Club and the American Committee Against War and Fascism, The conference was called jointly by | | See page 2 continuation for ace | counts of nation-wide Scottsboro and lynch protest actions. | the League of Struggle for Negro Rights and the International Labor Defense. Ps The National Association for the Adyancement of Colored People, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Socialist Party, the Urban League, and the League for Industrial Democ- \racy, to whom invitations were sent, boycotted the anti-lynching confer-~ | ence, | The conference voted to name néxt Saturday a National Day of Struggle Against the Fascist Lynch Terror, and (Continued on Page Two) Police Attack 500 |;Deck Strikers Who | Try to Stop Scabs BALTIMORE, Dec, 3—Police attacked 500 dock strikers ate tempting to prevent the Com- mercial Alnbamian, a freighter, from being unloaded by scabs supplied by the Moore and Mew Cormack Line, yesterday. y Nightsticks were used by the po- lice in the hand to hand 1 ing that resulted when the ‘ shoremen repulsed the police at tack.