The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 27, 1933, Page 6

Telsphone: Algonquin ¢ Cable Address: “Deter.” Washington Surean. 14th and G. &, Wast Subscription Ratese By Mal: (eeeept Manhatten end Bronz), 2 yeee, 00 S$ months, $8.80; 3 months, $3.00; 1 month, catrts. 4 Mavhatten, Brony, Foreign and Canada: year, 99.00; & months, $5.00; # months $8.00. By Carrier: Weekty, 18 cents; monthly, 6 vents MONDAY, NOVEMBER, 37, 1938 ———— = ‘ . Getting Ready | eonmatad all the cial pacifism of the Roosevelt gov- ernment, the Roosevelt war preparations’ program, the most gigantic in e history of the country, goes Merrily on. In the las war preparat! two days, alone, the following items of ms appeared in the capitalist press The Budget Bureau, ostensibly so eager to reduce | expansion of the productive forces for th Soviet Union have driven the capitalist | ductive forces. DATLY WORKER, NEW YORK, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1938 , the product of food, the agriculture progrgm of | Roosevelt is destroying food ten times as fast! W significant @ contrast this is to the Soviet Union, *£ where the workers and farmers, under the leader ship of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, are eagerly and enthusiastically pressing forward from one vista making tremendous strides in the whole toiling population to another Tt is because the workers and toiling farmers of the benefit of the class out of that such insanities as organized, sub- sidized, food destruction do not exist there. their country For, at the present time, wherever the capitalist class and the pitalist system exist in power, they act as a destructive brake on the expansion of the pro- Even though the force of competition may drive some sections of the capitalists to expand on & limited scale the productive forces, the whole capi- | talist class is now trying to stem, to stop, in some way, the tremendous modern productive forces which are | now beyond its control. Capitalism has long since become historically re- actionary, and stands in the way of progress. It must | be destroyed. Only by the proletarian revolution, the setting up of the workers’ own political power, as the example of the Soviet Union proves, can the immense | productive forces of modern society be released for the | benefit of all mankind. ‘expenses because of the budget crisis, today approved | fn increase og 2,800 in the personnell of the navy, and the addition af another 1,000 marines to the Marine Corps. The press reports the Naval Office as being “gratified The Budget Bureau is expected to drop its “fight” for army and navy reductions. It will approve the $270,000,000 budget for the army and the $290,000,000 for the navy The Public quests from the Planes totalling $79,000,000. In addition to the regular budget, both have already been granted over $350,000,000 from the Public Works’ Fund Works’ Fund is now considering re- Yesterday, it was announced that the Civilian Works’ Program will result in $3,111,000 improvement of the military station at Governor's Island, New York. And the capitalist press talks of a “building boom” here! army and navy for new fighting atr- | The latest reports reveal that the United States | now has over 10,000 milftary airplanes. In 1918 it had 750. In 1918 the United States Army hed 380 armored tanks. Today, #% has over 8,000. IESE gigantic impertelist war preperations tear the mask off the official pacifism of the Roosevelt gov- ernment. They show that the peace talk of Roosevelt. isa fraud Roosevelt denounces Unemployment Insurance as a “bad moral effect” on the starving, jobiess ha worl But he finds not the slightest “moral” objections to his enormous war program, RooseveM talks of « butiget crisis, and of pre- serving the credit of ths government. But he spends ene billion for war within the space of six months! And then he wi make the masses pay through more taxes! The workers must demand these funds for imme- diate relief, and for Unemployment Insurance! Not for war, but for the relief of the 17,000,000 unemployed! This is the demand of the workers! : oe “Social Vision” «Se contradictions of the Roosevelt program for soly- ing the crisis find characteristic MMustration in this ‘week's reports issued by the Department of Agricul- ture and the Public Works Fund. ‘The Department of Agriculture reports that it has already £ $100,000,000 in subsidies to rich farmers 6 a reward for their destroying 15 per cent of their wheat, and ov destroying part of 100,000 to the corn growers for their corn crop. The very same $22,000,000 to th order to con wheat-prod Casper Alcova irrigation project in 63,000 acres of desert into corn and ng land! So here we have a characteristic working out of the much-tovted “social vision” of Roosevelt. Ten times as much for crop destruction as for crep eultivation! viou And it that the Public Works Fund, most of which jy been expended or allocated for military and naval purposes, will not have the slightest effect on the welfare of the people. For while the Roosevelt, Public Works Fund is supposed to increase the Public Works Fund granted | Another Strike Won! NOTHER, bitterly contested struggle, the strike of 2,000 leather workers in Gloversville, New York, organized into the Independent Leather Workers’ Union, has been won. After seven weeks of strike, the employers have given in, granting union recognition, increase in pay and the release of all workers arrested | during the strike. In Gloversville, afl of the tricks and terror of the bosses were brought to bear to break the ranks of the leather workers, but without effect. Thugs were brought in and sworn in as deputies. Burns detectives | tried to smash the picket lines. Many were arrested. The A. F. of L. was represented in the strike-breaking forces by Paxton, President of the Glove Workers’ | Union, who condemned the strike and praised the em- ployers. The Roosevelt government sent in P. 8. Harmon of Rochester, who organized and united all the strike-breaking forces. Harmon, representing the N.R.A., ordered the strikers back to work, denounced their leadership, raised the ted scare, encouraged thuggery and injunctions, and plotted violence against the strike leaders. But the strikers stood solid and the swike was won. ‘The strike was against the N.R.A. speed up, discrimina- tion and wage cuts which made the minimum of 40 cents an hour the maximum wage for most workers. The strike was won because of its militant leader. ship, especially the leaders of the National Needle Trades Workers’ Industrial Union, Sclomon and others, whose advise was accepted by the strikers, and because of the militant rank and file of the independent union. ‘The Gloversville as well as the Gallup strikes proves that in spite of attack of the N.R.A., the extreme ter- ror and the “red scare” that through solidarity and militant rank and file leadership, strikes can be won. A Permanent Fighting Fund for the C.P.U.S.A. NOR: the) cries was Smeets (8 Cateye cen: | teliam, the activities of the Communist Party have increased tremendously. The workers and the poor farmers, forced against the wall by the growing crisis, are fighting more and more against thetr class ene- mies. ‘To carry this fight successfully the Communist’ Party is needed. The Party that fights relentlessly against the hunger program of the bosses, against evic- tions, against the tax collectors and mortgage sharks that are choking the farmers, the Party that fights for the interests of the workers and poor farmers—that Party is the Communist Party. In order to be able to carry on this fight, funds are needed. The increased activities have increased re- sponsibilities to the masses. Funds to keep organizers in the field are essential. Funds for the entire work | must be raised. These funds must come from the ranks of the workers and poor farmers. ‘We know that the workers and poor farmers are poor. But we also know that the class struggle is a fight of the poor and exploited against the rich and oppressors. With the nickels and dimes and eventual dollars of the workers, the fight against capitalism is | carried on. Intellectuals and professionals must help in this fight. They have nothing to gain unless they align themselves with the workers and support the Com- munist Party that leads in these struggles. Everyone can help by contributing according to his or her means to the Communist Party Sustaining Fund. Every contribution Is a blow against hunger, fascism and war, ‘Hitler Sees French Ambassador; Seen ‘as Anti-Soviet Move ‘Will Continue Debt! | for Coneessions | — | | PARIS, Noy. 28—Hitler, Fascist| jChancellor of Germany, yesterday conferred with the French Ambas- sador regarding some forms of arms jagreement, questions of debt’ pay-| ments, and the question of the Polish corridor. This latest move of the Hitler gov- jetmment is seen as &@ manoeuver to-} | ward coming to some agreement with |French imperialism looking to the) |formation of the anti-Soviet front. | Hitler offers concessions to the French in terms of assurances on) |debt payments, ete. in return for French coneessions on the direction! of Hitler's program toward é4xpan- sion in the East, toward the Soviet Ukraine. { The Hugenberg Memorandum, it is| |pointed out, providing for the division | jof the Soviet Union among the im-} |perialist powers, is still the basic foreign policy of the Fascist German} ; Government toward the Soviet Union. |It 1s this which gives significance to |the fact that Hitler discussed the} Polish corridor with the French am- bassador, for the Polish corridor is one of the moot quetsions between |French and German imperialism. Order Terzani to Face Trial Today LL.D. Calls for Mass| Defense Action NEW YORK.—Athos Terzani, anti- fascist worker, goes on trial today in Queens'County Court, before Judge Thomas GC. Kadien, Jr, framed by police and Art Smith of the Phila- delphia Khaki Shirts on charges of |murdering an anti-fascist student comrade, Anthony Fierro. Although the Terzani Defense Com- mittee, headed by: Norman Thomas, lawyer, have refused to call for mass action to support the defense, deny- ing the political character of the case, national Labor “Defense, independ- ently has called’ for a flood of pro- tests against this’ frame-up, to be sent to Judge Kadien Monday, and for packing of the court-room with workers, re al The actual murderer of Fierro, a member of the Khaki Shirts, was pointed out to police by Terzani at the Astoria, L. I,-hall where he was killed July 14. 1,00 people at the Khaki Shirt head- quarters in Philadelphia, a few days after the murder; openly boasted that “we killed one Communist and sent 19 others to the hospital” at a meet- jing in New York-a few days before. It Pays to Carry a Copy of the Relief Ordinance With You NEW YORK.—Next time you go down to the Home Relief Bureau take along the copy of the Hunger Fighter that has the Workers’ Muni- cipal Relief Ordinance in it. Mrs, A. M. Marine of 286 E 13th St., a member of the Unemployed Council, had a copy in her pocket when she went to the Spring and Elizabeth bureau a month ago to complain about her check being five days late. She and her husband at that time were getting $7 every two weeks. After a bitter argument one of the Marine, who is known as a member of the Unemployed Council: “We don’t owe you anything.” Mrs. Ma- rine then pulled out the Ordinance and read it to her, concluding with: “That’s what you owe me.” Mrs, Marine was thrown out of \the bureau after this, but the next day, and every week following, the investigator brought her $7 weekly, instead of the same amount every two weeks, | Payments in Return |{ jand Arthur Garfield Hays, defense| the New Yotk District of the Inter-| S. R. Art Smith, before 2 meeting of assistant supervisors shouted at Mrs.) We'll Put On Helping the Daily Worker through original drawings of Burck’s cartoons: a Couple of Niggers, That Ought to Stop ‘em!” —By Burck Frame-Up Against Attorney General bidding for the bid of $2. Total Thomas E. Knight Frank Spislowick wins yesterday's drawing with a | | | i to date, $290.47. | (Continued from Page 1) tive activities.” | Litvinoff then stressed the “process | of growing international enstrange-| ment,” saying that “international an- | |tagonisms have increased both quans | titatively and qualitatively in com- parison with the pre-war period.” It would be hard to find anyone | today, he said, still holding the be-| lief that the world war was the last | war, “Preparations for a new war,| or rather for new wars, are in full swing and are carried on quite openiy.” Without mentioning Hitler or Jap- anese imperialism by name, the| speaker made references to fascist Germany's militaristic and anti-| semitic policies, as well as to Japan’s | aggressive actions against the U. 8S. Says Geneva Conference a Corpse Asserting vigorously that the! Geneva disarmament conference is ”a corpse which no efforts can bring back to life,” Litvinoff said that the failure of the disarmament confer- ence has still more strengthened the | Soviet Union in its coriviction “that the only possible method of disarma- ment” is “complete disarmament.” | The Soviet Union, he said, would) continue to put forward that idea “at every convenient opportunity.” | The speaker stated clearly that he | saw no possibilities for a solution of | the capitalist crisis. | “The failure of the London eco- | nomic conference,” he said, “the | continuing curtailment in interna- tional trade and shrinkage of mark- ets, the tens of millions of unem-| Ployed, revaluation of values which | the crisis has forced in a very lit- eral sense, does not permit any rosy hopes for a change for the better in| the world economic situation.” | In contrast to the gloomy picture | of the capitalist world in crisis, Lit- vinoff emphasized the growth of the Soviet Union. Saying humorously that he hoped he was not trans- gressing his agreement with Presi- dent Roosevelt regarding propaganda, the speaker described the transfor- jmation of the U. S. S. R. from an agrarian into “a powerful industrial country.” Describes Soviet Achievements He stressed the U. S. S. R’s vast purchasing power and connected it with its refusal to enclose its market “within an artificial barrier of eco- nomic autarchy” end wit its low | Litvinoff Warns of War Danger, Points to Soviet Progress, on Eve of Departure foreign indebtedness—the lowest in) menians, Georgians and Tartars in the world. He attributed the increase of the Soviet Union's population by 35,000,- 000 in the past ten years in part to the “general rise of the cultural level of the population” and to the “suc- cess of the government's health pro- gram.” Speaking in a country where thou- sands of schocls have been closed by the crisis, Litvinoff pointed out the “gigantic strides forward” which the U. S. S. R. has made in public education. He also described the growth in scientific research and the vast increase in the number of science students. “The development of Soviet science and art,” he said, “has already made valuable contributions to the ad- vance of mankind.” A very striking passage of Litvin- off's speech was that in which he stressed the harmony among the various races and nationalities within | the Soviet Union. Recalling the anti-Jewish pog- roms of Czarist days, as well as the incessant strife among the Ar- Machado Agent Now Working for Hitler in U. S., Buro Shows Daiiy Worker Washington Bureau WASHINGTON, Noy. 26.—Carl Byoir and Associates, of 10 East Fortieth St., New York City, now doing publicity in the United States for the bloody Hitler gov- ernment, acted in the same capac. ity for the Cuban butcher Gerardo Machado, it was learned here to- day. Mr. Byoir also was host to the Cuban murderer on one of the latter's visits to New York City. It is not known whether Byoir has any connection with Musso- lini. Byoir’s organization, during 1932, did publicity for the National Conference of Jews and Christians, an organization “to promote religi- ous and racial amity,” one of whose chairman is the Honorable Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War under Wilson and now leading lawyer for the oven shop public utilities. Cardinal Hayes and Rabbi Stephen Wise have also been chairman of this “conference.” | Transcaucasia, Litvinoff stressed that jin the U. S. S. R. “all nationalities are guaranteed real and complete equality of rights not only in the Constitution and in theory, but in| practice as well.” Explains Soviet Peace Policy Litvinoff then reminded his hear- ers that during its sixteen-year his- tory the Soviet Union “has remained steadfastly true to the principle of peace it proclaimed in the days of the October Revolution.” He chal- lenged anyone to find in Soviet lit- erature or in Soviet school text- books or in the Soviet periodical press “anything whatsoever in any way approaching propaganda or nar- ‘ow nationalism, chauvinism or con- sideration of the question of acquir- ing any territory whatsoever beyond the boundaries of the Soviet Union.” Litvinoff then emphasized the gains to both the United States and the Soviet Union that would accrue from recognition. He touched on the economic gains resulting from. normal relations, and to the benefits to humanity arising from the col- laboration of American and Soviet scientists and artists. But what was still more important, he said, was that the United States and the So- viet Union will benefit from joining their efforts “in the cause so im- portent to both of them—the great work of preserving peace.” Colonel Cooper and Colonel Rob- bins both praised the ecenomic and} social achievements of the Soviet| Union, paying high tribute to Lenin and Stalin, Robbins Praises U. 8. 8. R. Describing his stay in the U. 8, S. R, in 1917 and again in 1933, Colonel Robbins said that “the achievement of the Soviet Govern- ment in sixteen years stands un- rivalled in the history of the social and economic progress of any people in any age.” At noon on Saturday, Litvinoff sailed for Italy on the Conte di Savoia. Prior to his going to the ship, Litvinoff was host to a delega- tion from the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom, headed by Mrs. Gerard Swope, chair- man of the Manhattan branch, The, women pledged their support to the | Soviet Union’s desire for complete disarmament and urged Litvinoff that he seek the co-operation of the United States in this undertaking. | he gave to himafter Hirsch had al- Popoff Shattered at Reichstag Trial iNew Witnesses Expose | Utter Falseness of | Nazi-Charges: gf } Special to the Daily Worker AT THE GERMAN BORDER, Noy {| 26, (via Zurich, Switzerland).—The 44th day of the Reichstag fire: up trial against the four Communist | defendants—Dimitroff, Torgler, Pop- off and Taneff—began with a de- tailed investigation by the prosecu- tion of the origin of the money re- ceipts found in Popoff’s possession and signed “Peter.” — The prosecution, in a desperate ef- fort to connect Popoff with the Ger- man Communist Party, advanced the theory that “Peter” is the nicknanis ¢ of Werner Hirsch, former editor of } the Rote Fahne. The prosectution ix 4 anxiously trying te spread thevbeliet < that the money receipted by “Peter” } was expended for the fuel used to # ' , Woe fire the Reichstag: This ridiculous indictment col- lapsed when Hirsch, brought to the trial from the concentration camp where he has been incarcerated, stated that he never knew Popoff, nee had never received money from ‘im, Popoff explained that he was the treasurer of the Bulgarian refugees, and that the money he had was for their aid. He met the real-Peter, he disclosed, who receipted the money ready been arrested. : j Hirsch stated calmly before the court that he is a Communist. Bruno Peterson, also brought to the trial because other receipts found in Popoff’s possession were ‘signed “Bruno,” stated as witness that he was a Communist and that-he met Torgler in the Reichstag on the day of the fire. In answer to the prosecu- tion’s question, Peterson explained that Communists were forced to meet at the Reichstag since thé closing of Karl Liebknecht House. A detailed examination failed to bring forth the slightest proof of any connection of Peterson with the “Bruno” whose name appeared on the receipts. The last witness of the day was Schmidt, at whose flat Grothe, a witnéss for the prosecution, had pre- viously claimed. that a detachment of Red Front Fighters had been held in readiness for alarm on the night of the fire. Schmidt on the witness stand said that he never knew Grothe per- sonally and stated that the Red Frontist story was utter nonsense. Dimitroff made the last pointed re- mark of the session when he stated that he regretted that his sugges- tion for a medical examination to determine Grothe’s sanity hed not been followed. China Militarists War; Red Armies Solidify . Advance 6th Anti-Soviet Drive of Chiang-Kai-Shek Weakening SHANGHAI, Nov. 28—The regime of the newly formed Fukien Govern- ment which has broken away from the Nanking Government today warned that its harbors of Foochow and Amoy are now filled with float- ing mines. This means that the war between these two sections of the Chinese landlord-militaristsis growing. This inner struggle among the land- lord-militarist clique ives the Chi- nese Red Army of the Soytet= districts the opportunity to solidfy their ad- vance, It also means that the pro- posed Sixth drive of the Chang-Kai- Shek armies will be “hindered. The Chinese Soviet ditricts ¢an now concentrate fof the moment against the Northern ‘Border. The Nine- teenth Route Army of Chiang-Kai- Shek is now so full of ‘pro-Soviet. feeling that it is considered useless for further activity against the Chinese Soviets, gee Text of Maxim Litvinoff’s Address at Farewell Banquet Held in His Honor in New York City Editorial Note—The speech deti- | yered by Commissar for Foreign Affairs Maxim Litvinoff Friday | pseudo-scientific theories regarding | the supremacy of some people over erican, French, British or other method of disarmament and control at a dinner and reception in his honor at the Waldorf by the American-Russian of Commeree and the American-Ruseian Institmte, follows in part. # ‘The upheavals caused by the great war in the political, economic and social structure of the capitalist world not only have not ceased but are dis- Playing a tendency to extend still further their destructive activities. More in the sphere of politics we ob- Serve @ process of a growing interna~ tional estrangement. With the excep- tion of a very few cases, of which the most siriking example is the histori- cally unprecedented relation between ‘Turkey and the Soviet Union and to which, I hope, the relationship of our two countries will soon be added, friendship between two countries, even af the most conventional nature, has Yarely been established or preserved im recent years. International anta~ geénisms have increased both quanti- tatively and qualitatively in compari- son with the pre-war period. War Preparations Tt would be hard to find any one today still holding the belief that the World War was the last war. Pre- Parations for a new war, or rather for new wars, are in full swing and a¥é catried on quite openly. Not only has the race for armaments been renewed and intensified but, what may be far more serious, in certain gases open propaganda of militaristic ideas is being carried on, the growing eneration is being trained in the idea af the glorification of war. A char- goterstic of such militaristic training = the advancement of medieval, | others, and the right of some peoples | arising therefrom to dominate others | or even to exterminate them. Songs, |music, popular epics, literature and science are all made subservient to | the militaristic training of youth, “Special Conditions” | In other countries there is not even the attempt to embellish the prepara~ tions for war with complex ideological and scientific theories. Such coun- tries assert that if, in the opinion of certain odd persons, war as a weapon of national policy should be outlawed and peace pacts remain in force, this still must not refer to those parts of the world in which these countries themselves happen to have an in- terest. The naive ideology of such opinions is expressed in reference to “special conditions,” though no trouble is taken to explain what these special conditions are. You must take their word for it, because if you express bewilderment or perplexity, you are accussed of “insincerity.” “Sincerity,” in such cases means acceptance and encouragement of violent, aggressive operations, even when it is your own ox that is being gored, Arms Parley a Corpse ts it then surprising when such moods exist in certain countries that, the disarmament conference is breath- ing its last? I may go even further and assert that the Geneva confer- ence is @ corpse which no efforts can bring back to life and, if no death certificate has been issued, that is only because the doctors are afraid to oan to the heart that has ceased to at. It is now & question whether al! countries will accept the Soviet, Am- or of other details for which this or that commission or subcommission is necessary. Put two simple questions to the members of the Geneva confer- ence: Will they agree to any serious reduction of armaments and will they submit to any control? ‘You will hear from at least one large and bellicose country a negative answer to. both questions, with the inevitable refer- ence to “special conditions.” Such an answer would be of decisive impor- tance and would sound the death- knell of the conference and there~- fore, perhaps, Geneva will endeavor to avoid it, Tens of Millions Jobless Té is not necessary for me to take up in such detail what is happening in. the éconotiic ‘sphete, because. -I think thal the majority of you here present know and understand. more about this than I do, The failure of the London conference, the continuing curtailment in international trade and shrinkage of markets, the tens of millions of unemployed, the revalua- tion of values which the crisis has forced in a very literal sense, does not permit any rosy hopes for a change for the better in the world economic situation, Nor is the picture I have just drawn of international political relations an appropriate background for such change. Against this gloomy background it is impossible, in my opinion, not to discern in all that is going on in my country a ray of light. I should like to avoid controversial topics, and therefore I shall merely touch upon facts which no one can deny. It cannot be denied, for example, that the Soviet Union, which was threatened with the fate of being | Bolshevik Diplomat _ Maxim Litvinoff, Peoplé’ Com- missar for Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. transformed into an agrarian colonial or semi-colonial- country, has grown in sixteen-years into a powerful in- dustrial ountry, using — technical methods and machinery the most modern in the .world and predomin- antly American....The peoples of the Soviet Uriion are striving with all their might to develop even further the industrial and technical growth of the country and have the necessary natural riches for their purpose. And if sometimes sacrifices have been nec~ essary for this development, they have had before them an ideal for the at« tainment of which no sacrifices would have been too great, + It cannot be denied that in spite of the progessively increasing produc- tion of its own industry, the Soviet Union does not attempt to enclose its raarket within an artifical barrier of economic autarchy. Enjoying the lowest foreign indebtedness in the world, the Soviet Union has the greatest capacity for absorbing the raw materials and products of other sented data at the London Economic Conference, a study of which will show that the United States could make use of this capacity to the ex- tent of at least 60 or 70 per cent, Soviet Health It cannot be further denied that the capacity of the Soviet Union rests, among other things, on the in- creasing numbers of the population of the country, which hes grown by more than 35,000,009 during the past ten years, and which now amounts to almost 170,000,000. A considerable share of this increase has resulted from the general rise of the cultural jlevel of the population and from the success of the government's health | program. The general mortality—before the revolution among the highest in the world—has drepped by 40 per cent, and child mortality, formerly 270 per thousand, has been cut in half. It cannot be denied that public educa~ tion has made gigantic strides for- ward. Instead of the 70 per cent illiteracy which prevailed before the revolutign, ninety out of every 100 in- habitants of the Soivet Union are now able to read; and instead of $,000,000 there are now 26,000,000 chil- dren attending primary and interme- diate schools. ‘ Nor can it be.denfed that the gov- ernment of the Soviet Onion gives countries, On this question I pre-) special attention to the developmen! to the development of the most ad- vanced ideas in these spheres. An eloquent example of this is the tre- medous growth of scientific research institutes—there are nc 7 hundreds of such institutes, employing some 35,000 scientiiie workers; there are several hundred colleges and higher techni- cal schools with 500,000 students; over 2,000,000 students in our workers’. faculties, technical high schools, and factory and shop schools. Henze the development of Soviet science and art has already made valuable contributions to the advance ef mankind, No National Oppression It cannot be denied that the So-) viei Union has solved the question of nationalities within its borders in the most, satisfactory way possible. It is enough to say that with over 100 different nationalities inhabiting the Soviet Union one never hears of any nationalist friction or conflicts. That the significance of these achieve- ments should be still more clear, I would ask you to remember the janti-Jewish pogroms in Czarist Rus- |sia or the incessant strife and even mutual extermination of Armenians, Georgians and Tartars in Transcau- casia, All nationalities enjoy in the Soviet Union complete cultural autonomy, corsplete freedom to use their native language, literature and customs. All nationalities are guaranteed real and complete equality of rights and not only by the Constitution and in theory but in practice as well, and of science and technique, and, further, it) Least of all can it be denied that) the Soviet Union during its six- teen-year history has remained steadfastly true to the principle of peace proclaimed in the days of the October revolution. This principle has enabled us to conclude with all our neighbors, including those who withdrew from the former Czarist Empire, peace treaties fully satisfying their national aspirations and also representing, by the way, the only consistent and intelligent embodiment of the idea of self-determination of peoples set, forth in the message of President Wilson. I challenge any one to find in our literature or in our periodical press anything what- soever in any degree approaching propaganda of narrow nationalism, chauvinism or consideration of the question of acquiring any territory whatever beyond the boundaries of the Soviet Union, or to find in our schol text-books any attempts what- soever to train our young people in a spirit of hatred against other nations, Our adherence to the Kellogg- Briand pact, the conclusion by us of pacts of non-aggression and pacts defining aggression and, finally, our proposal for complete and universal disarmament are sufficiently eloquent. evidnce of the policy of peace which our government has ceaselessly car- tied on and will continue to carry on. Speaking of disarmament, TI permit myself to say here that the failure of the Geneva conference has still more strengthened us in the con- viction that the only possible method of disarmament which would be not continue to put-forward at_eyery con- venient opportunity, = Gains to Both Countries After all that. T have just said, can, there be any question of ‘the gain to both our countries from the restora- tion ef economic. coopsration be- tween them, fromthe opening up of possibilities to use. their réespeteive resources in this. sphere? “Can the question arise as.to whetherzor nat: the cultural collaboration” of the scientists and artists of our two great republics will bear rich fruit-for the benefit of humanity? What is still more important, can any question now! ariss as to whether both the United States and the Soviet Union will beneiit from the joining oftheir ef- forts in the canse so important to beth of them+-the great» work of preserving peace? Who can doubt that the combined voices :of these two giants will make themselves heard-end that their joint efforts favor of will weight the scales | peace? “Propaganda” me ee T hone that in any attempt to answer the question as to the possible gains of the restoration of relations. between our countries I have not ine dulged in excessive praise of my own country, and thatyin any case, I have. not transgressed the limits»permitted by my agreement with President Roosevelt regarding. propaganda. Six! teen years of estrangement<that ‘is a long historical period. During that time many thines in.my country have changed be ; Tecornition.. and s0 it was necessary to tell. you about them here in order to give you some Slight idea of the somewhat unusual there is no high government office any race whatever e [not-accessible to a represntative of jeasily only effective but also practical and carried out is complete dis- armament, the idea of which we shall, country with which yotl have just Tenewed acquaintance, . /