The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 15, 1933, Page 4

eee Rerrmom Page Four DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, T SDAY, AUGUST 15, 1933 The New Deal Is the Greatest|A Pictorial Histery of the Great Steel Strike of 1919 ® PAN Rico Drouth, Say Midwest Farmers Roosevelt Likened to Mussolini by Storekeeper in Talk With Negro and White Miners ton must have radios even if they By BEN FIELD. ST. JOSEPH, Mo.—Pa | Starve because that is the only way “éntral Illinois and M y can find w hether the mine will Whole countryside seer for work that morning so the cue bast corn it : must have his car, That Some of the bi blasted. Fe Som i a little in a country where the i all lost. The late planting. may | !0cal papers report how one a ; Clover ie bucnt | inhaled gas and a farm couple did beans are so short | 2W@Y with their baby. to break their teeth All Good Hitters to crop it. Hogs n mud! In their overalls the farmers go holes. The hot win om a blow-| to a baseball game. The game is torch blow id where| played out in a meadow or hayfield. Bee been most two! The boys generally cannot afford to mon\ The Roose-| hyy uniforms. They are supplied to yelt’s bellhops, will make! them by local merchants and busi- aereage reduction easier. They ex-|nessmen, So near Winchester, Il- pect the lowest grain yield in 40 lindis, th bo: were wearing signs years. what do the people think | on their uniforms advertising the | this hot land where only | undertaker, the jeweler, the lumber eem to flourish company. ‘A cow grazes in the out-| king Creek, Missouri, | field. There is no grandstand or le Italian storel sas where his par Italian peasants, settled about fo eper nts, ch bleachers for shade from the sun. farmer with the morning’s milk | spotting his shoes umpire; The years ago. He thinks we're Italians. | hoys are poor fielders. Their over- | Bas.face up until we say no.| worked hands are clumsy. They are| Jars a d ing thea _ A little old man sits near the | : ‘ae his fence watching the game. He works a picture of Roosevelt with the words |i the grain elevator. More than| “We're With You” g | 00 carl ae oe grain ee gone out pelt. is sa second |of the elevator recently, Farmers Me nee ee ee ctaiciens [are getting 93 cents for wheat, 39 out the country. straighten it | cents for corn, and 4 cents for hogs. Taelhtoned [In all cases, less than the cost of EGR we. don tehtered|production. Prices have been see- ikede: He awing up and down with the farm- er on the loose end of the board. we find out t ng |», ‘ ‘ ° r hed that thing |7,e Roosevelt farm plan? Well, the flapped on the wall with the pledge | farmers have been having meetings the de ze He's-k Teal 3 “for. |to sign up for cutting down their | peeterade. He's an ltalion, a “for-|crops. It's kind of bard for them| : Rohe oe It’s like the mule down |to decide. south that always was taught to go | between the rows and now he’s got |to go on the rows to dig up the cot- ton for the Roosevelt reduction. Al-| ways they’ve been told by county be talking about A Few Minutes of Sport t is Sunday, and in a thousand one-horse towns the farmers and workers are trying to get in a few meet tor evening chores. There are | ment to get bigger and better crops. e Pee aataas. Now a drouth’s a godsend. They’re very few even of the cheap movie houses. It is a miracle how the farm- ers manage to pay for gas to make their old cars and model T Fords rattle along. One can understand how the church still has its strangle- hold on the people. Steeples are everywhere on the horizon sticking out of the trees like awls promising to punch a hole for the good Christ- ian into heaven. A farmer will go hungry and| The old man spits out tobacco tagged to have some sort of a car.| juice which is some comfort. So is Otherwise he may just as well shoot | the baseball game in a land full of himself. He cannot farm without it.| heat, bad crops, and things going Just as miners in places like Scran- haywire. | supposed to stand on their heads and do a cartwheel when theres nothing to show for their work. The small farmers are signing up. The larger farmers ain’t so scared and are slow- Jer. And maybe they think now with | prices up they'll be able to make out better by not cutting at all while the little fellow is buffaloed into, cut- | ting. You .Make ’em Yourself ? _ Today’s Menu ‘Can BREAKFAST i —Fru: i It is wise to wear a slip not only Bee luce. tie order that the dress: itself may Berens croquettes. |fit well, but because dresses don’t 3.—Coffee for the adults, milk for| get wrinkled quite so quickly and the children. hee have to be Laioain bat often. Crepe or wash satin has been over, farina still warm, beat the| cotton material yo of 2 eggs into it. Let it get) om cold. At serving time roll into small} balls, dip in egg yolks which have | been mixed with a tablespoonful of cold water, then in sifted bread crumbs. Have ready a pot or kettle | of hot fat and drip three at a/ time into this. Serve in a pyramid with scraped maple sugar. | LUNCH 1.—Clear meat soup. 2.—Veal loaf. 3.—Griddle cakes and syrup. Clear meat soup can be made in sufficient quantity for stock ‘soup. | Use one shin beef, 5 quarts of water, 1 small tablespoonful of salt. 1 head | of celery cut fine, 1 oni 1 carrot. 1 turnip. 1 spric of p 2 bay leaves, 6 white cloves. ! Wipe meat and cut off bone. Put | the bone in a clean kettle, first the meat on top, pour in the water, | cover and let stand an hour. Then it, cook for a half hour when & cup of cold water in 50 skum rises to the top. er kettle tightly and cook yr four hours. Put in vege- | e last hour. | proportions enough is lett for soup stock which should be rough a heavy sieve and then a flannel bag, and set aside | to Stay cold till wanted. It makes a} clear strong, delicious stock to which | it vegetables may be added for variety. ‘To make vel] loaf chop 1 1-2 Ibs. of Veal with 2 strips of salt pork together. Add 1-2 cup of bread crumbs. stir in 1 beaten egg. Mix well. Press into a bread pan ahd put in oven for three hours. Every half hour pour a tablespoonful of hot water mixed with butter over it. After 2 hours put a sheet of brown paper over the top to pre- vent the veal loaf from becoming too well done. Veal loaf can be sliced cold for the picnic. For griddle cakes you will need 2 eggs, 1 cup of milk, 1 1-2 cups flour, 2 teaspoonfuls of baking powder, 1-2 teaspoonful of salt. Beat eggs till light, add milk, then the flour mixed with the salt and last the ae igs ge Pattern 1588 {s available in sizes 14, 16, 18, 20, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 and 50. Size 34 takes 2 5-8 yards 39 inch fabric and 4 3-8 yards lace. Illustrated step-by-step sewing instructions included with this pattern, Send fifteen cents (15c.) in coins or stamps (coins preferred) for this baking powder all alone. Bake on a| Anne Adams pattern. Write plainly hot. buttered griddle. Serve with|name, address and style number. maple syrup. Be sure to state size. ia hey tae Address orders to Daily Worker SUPPER ieee wee ena 243 West 17th 1—Chinese omelet. deren ated 2—Small lettuce and tomato ‘salad. beating loks. Beat till they foam. %—Coffee for the adults, milk tor| Add a little salt. Mix into the whites the chcildren. gently with a large spoon. Have To make Chinese omelet, break 4/ griddle hot with a piece of melted ‘gg, separate whites from the yolks n different plates, beat whites till itifT then be sure to wash and wipe the egg beater thoroughly before butter, pour eggs onto it. Watch till the underside is brown then turn half way over and serve on hot plate j strike movements in Pittsburgh, (Based on Wm. Z, Foster’s book, “The Great Steel Strike”) 1. The workers were taking | new heart and making demands. Already they had engaged in big | Bethlehem and Birmingham. It was an opportunity to organize the industry such as might never | again occur. | | 2, William Z. Foster perceived the opportunity. On April 7, 1918, he presented a resolution to the Chicago Federation of Labor. It was adopted unanimously and forewarded to the A.F.L. 3. The latter took the matter up with the Amalgamated Asso- ciation of Iron and Steel Work- ers, and the affair was slowly winding along to an eventual con- ference, with the loss of much pre- cious time, then the resolution was resubmitted to the Chicago F. of | L., re-adopted and sent to the con- yention of the A.F.L. June 10-20, 1918. RésoLuTiIoN* 29 WHEREAS, the organization of the vail armiesd wage earners employed im the steel mills is: vir- tually necessary to the further spread of induttrial democracy in America, and WHEREAS, ercaniaed Labor can accomplish the great task only tting forthe panne lat ther rare) be! . SOLVED, that t ecutive offi the ARS ah instructed te ee conference tains the convention et ‘ clele ates of all mions oho interests re 1 in bf steel i gre andcrall He State leer He and oy Cont oer im tee) districls, Sor Is pervs oh jumting all thee organizations into one T hy drive fo organize the steel plants oF Ameria. This resolution was adopted by the steel workers calling upon the A. F, of L. leaders to call a confer- ence to inaugurate a real organ- ization drive in the steel mills throughout the industry. the Poor SteelWorkers (By a Steel Worker Correspondent) BALTIMORE, Md.—Two organizers | of the Amalgamated Association of | Iron, Steel and Tin Workers were} heralded into Baltimore by the local) American Federation of Labor -and| the local “kept” press, as the saviors | of the Sparrows Point Steel workers. | The truth however is that the Beth- | lehem Company and the local: Bal- | timore A. F. of L. officials are afraid | of the Steel and Metal Workers In-| dustrial Union, which is gaining favor | among the steel workers more every | day. | The first thing they did was to call the SM.W.LU. a “red organiza- | tion” and for some reason or other | they threw a lot of mud at Pat Cush, | an S.M.W.LU. organizer. These two “saviors” of the steel | workers who are sent by the A.A, had | not shown their faces down here’ in | When Roosevelt signed the Na~ tional Recovery Bill, the A. F. of L., and other reformist unions, let loose an army of organizers all over the country. In their speeches they tried to make the workers believe tha’ the goverhment is behind them, and that they are sure to win shorter hours the last four years, when workers were getting wage cuts, were being laid‘ off, etc. Théy came only ai the approval of thé-NRA General Jobn- son and the Bethlehem Steel Coni- pany, who will use them to try to or- ganize the workers into unions con- trolled by the company. They come sow to ‘get ini*iation dues from 12,000 cteel workers. ir. | Green in his speech at the steel ccde hearing opposed the life and secur.ty cod? proposed by the Steel and M tal Workers Industrial Union, A.F.L. Shown in Workers’ Letters As Strike-Breaking Agent Under NIRA A. F. of L. to “Save” _HOW YOU CAN HELP EXPOSE THE | Molders Get no Raise A. F, OF L. LEADERSHIP j and higher wages. | Strikes occurred, led by the A. F.} of L. When they were settled, and the workers returned, they found their conditions in no way improved and in some cases worse. In many cases the workers do not receive the full wages agreed upon, | but are given money on account.) They are beginning to resist such) tactics and are demanding action} from the A. F. of L, leaders. We want reports on such treacher- ous tactics of the A. F. of L, leaders. Workers in A. F. of L. controlled shops should let us know what their | conditions are. Let us know whether | there has been any improvement | since the NIRA went into effect. In this section you will see letters describing treachery of the A. F. of L. leaders. We want more such let- ters, and we want the workers to an- alyze such tactics in their shops. in Pay Under NIRA By a Worker Correspondent PHILADELPHIA, Pa.—Molders at the metal plants in Philadelphia are receiving, in most, cases, only 45 cents an hour for this most dffficult kind of toil. As yet the NIRA hasn’t done a thing for-any molder, of whom there are a large number in this city. After all, you know, McGrady has as smooth a tongue as any a lad. But 45 cents anhour is only 45 cents and since many molders are sore, now is the time for the metal workers to break thru the A. F. of L, bureau- cracy in the A. F. of L. unions and elect their own rank and file com- mittees in both the unions and the shops. Those molders who don’t be- long to the A-F.L. and who have no desire of hearing McGrady should join the rank and file controlled Steel and Metal Workers Industrial Union, affiliated to the Trade Union Unity League. ‘New Machinery Puts. { Men Out of Work (By a Steel Worker Correspondent | BALTIMORE, Md.—One break} down automatic roughing unit that} will do three times as much as the} old. type mills is almost completed in the Bethlehem Steel Co. here. An- other new one will be placed at the,| same location of the old No. 6 break | down mill. Many workers will lose,} their jobs. The speed-up on the fin- ishing mill, the new Streiney shears: have played havoc with the pay and) rate of production, j | etd | In the sheet mill also, the laboters | |and spell-hands are being laid off} Break-down men are forced to hook | | up piles, where form “hookers” | did this is, Spell hands are only | provided where the bars are heavier | than 100 pounds, Fellows on the.| Streiney shears don’t get “spell time.” Hand shearmen are forced to shear while the iron is hot. The company gyps the ‘men on gauge when it pays off. The sheet mill is a mad house | compared with 1929. Men must or+} ganize! The code and the program‘) of the Stecl and Metal Workers In-} dustrial Union is the only solution for the sheet mill workers. The S.M.W.L.U, office is at 3727 Eastern Ave, 2° Prostitution in Gary Openly Connived At (By a Steel Worker Correspondént) GARY, Ind. — Working conditions in the Illinois Steel Corporation are’ deplorable. People who have beer employed before 1928, it does not make any difference how long, but quit, are considered new men. Part- time workers are working’ now eight hours per day, 5 days a week. Work- ers coming from other states, very few young ones are given jobs. Starving Gary workers, aged, get no work, Desperation is flogging employed and unemployed workers. The first do not know how long they will have jobs. The latter ones have no hope, in spite of gracious declarations from government and industrialists that prosperity is coming back. This is another Rooseveltian empty promise. Instead of opening jobs for the starving unemployed population, the fathers of Gary openly protect pros~ titution. And then they bravely come out to the public and declare that the Reds will destroy the country and abolish the family and make the ‘women common property. All these victims of prostitution are part of our class, sisters, daughters, wives, Employed workers, beware of the company unions. Your union is the.) Steel and Metal Workers Industrial Union, affiliated to the T.U.U.L. Join the Communist Party, which is your party and battles for your rights! These are the organizations which every worker and farmer, black and white, must join and car- ry out the struggle for the abolition of exploitatin= “Organize! Join the C. P.,” Say Steel Must OrganizeAgainst Codes, Writes Worker (By a Steel Worker Correspondent) CHICAGO, Ill.—As we see, as we know it, we are living in very critical times. The workers in various in- dustries, especially in the steel indus- tries, are faced right now with the slavery military codes of the bosses. The workers must organize into re-| Workers, Telling of Own Cond Es volutionary workers’ industrial un- ions as the backbone of the workers’ struggle for better working condi-/| tions, shorter hours and to lay the foundation for all power to soldiers, workers and farmers as a stepping stone for workers’ rule. Never before ‘in the history of the) working class have we ‘been con- fronted by such’ brutality of the cap- | italist’ class as we are toda) Na So organize! Organize! Letters from To Our Readers: Dear Comrades: With the six-page “Daily”, we can make more space available for the letters from the readers of the “Daily”, voice their opinions, express criticis gestions, Every letter which has instructiv ing class, will be published either in full or in‘part with our reply. We ask the comrades, however, to be as brief and to the point as possible. Comradely, * Nenana, Alaska, Comrade Editor: I received your circular to “save the Daily Worker.” But owing to my circumstances, I regret to say that IT am not able to contribute anything at the present time. I am 78 years of age, 37 years of which I have spent in the North as a prospector, both in the Yukon territory and Alaska. And like the majority of all prospectors, I have nothing to show for it only a crippled old man, unable to get a- round, with rheumatism, without }using two canes. For the past two years, I have been drawing an old- age pension from the territory of Alaska of twenty dollars per month. That is my “only income, and with the cost of living in the interior of Alaska three and four times what they are on the outside, you can imagine that money is not plentiful with me, I haye been a constant subscriber and reader of the Daily since its first issue. And will continue so as long as I can raise in some way the sub- scription price. Should I fail to do so, you will know the reason why. I have been a member of organized labor for 50 years, having joined the Knights of Labor in the early eighties of the last century. Afterwards, the Western Federation of Miners. To that organization I belonged until it became Gomperized and began sub- stituting collaboration for militancy. Then it soon lost its membership. During my time, I have seen plenty of labor trouble. But now I must let @ younger generation carry op the struggle, hoping they avoid collabora- tion or sweet talk. That never ac- complishes anything for the benefit of the man that works, Things are strictly on the bum in Alaska with nothing indicating any improvement in the near future. The people are all broke. Four years of Hoover's prosperity has emptied their pockets, Very respectfully yours, Dan McCabe 24 Roosevelt Rail Act Our Readers ’, in which they ms, ask questions, and make sug- e and cducational value for the work- EDITOR, DAILY WORKER. * * Comrade Editor: TOLEDO, Ohic.—wWill you please use the enclosed envelope to mail me ihe address of Communist headquar- ters in Toledo, Ohio, and the name of the secretary of that branch. I am very desirous of getting in touch with some of your left-wing comrades and I believe Toledo would be most convenient to contact. I am the sup- posed secretary of a supposed local in Williams County, 8. P. of America, but am sickening. to death with the S. P's childish concepts and Sunday School Socialsm. ‘ Have been taking the Saturday ed- ition of the Daily Worker and find it so good that I must have the daily. However, limited finances prevent me from sending more than the enclosed dollar, so put me ‘on the daily list for as long as the dollar pays for. I consider your paper so good that. I’m afraid dt will not be permitted to use the mails for more than a few months longer. Roosevelt may pre- tend to be liberal now, but the com- ing collapse will make him tighten up, and we'll have to duck under cover. Hope you have success with the en- larged Daily Worker, i. F. W. jirmingham, Ala. Comrade Editor: Last week I was talking to a worker that works in the Tennesse Coal-Iron-Railroad Co., (TCI), the leading slave mill in Birmingham. ‘This worker told me something that is really interesting, We were speak- ing on the new 6—8 page Daily when he told me that every time he goes to work, which is only two or three days per week, and for nothing but groceries, that he brings a “Daily” with him. Here is actually the way he told me this: “You know, comrade, the fellows I work with, especially three of them, like the Daily Worker so much that they nearly fight for it. So, in or- der to please all of them, they make | Allowed to Go to Sleep) | time in the plan: and don’t get a itions KeptWaitingAll Night for Work, But Are Not (By a Steel Worker Correspondent) BALTIMORE. Md.—Although they came to their job at 7 p.m. Sunday ight, most of the wire drawevs at the Bethlehem Shops here were not gifen any wire to work on until 2:30 and in some caser 3:30 on Monday morning, These workers working on tonnage rate spend ‘any hours of enny Wages. During the night, some of the men dozed off into sleep from monotony waiting for wire that didn’t come. Those that dozed off in a sleep were awakened by police that came around every half hour to- awake them with gruff insulting words. “Get up. you ain’t allowed io sleep around here!” The wire room men are about fed up with this kind of treatment. On Easter Day, some of the gauges were cut 47 per cent in wages. There is a lot of discrimination that the company purposely fosters. New men are given easy wire to draw while olde: men ere given the hardest. Of course the older men feel this, be-| cause they get less money cn harder yire, Both old and new men. must or-, ganize the department immediately. Send a representative around to the Steel and Metal Workers Industrial Union headquarters at 3727, Zastcrn Avenue, for furthic' informatics. Speedup to Collapsing Point at Westinghouse (By a Metal Worker Correspondent) E. PITTSBURGH, Pa.—The Roose- velt “New Deal” in the Westinghouse | made no substantial change for the workers. The entire factory is work- ing on a part-time basis. We go to work only when the boss calls up by telephone. ‘The foremen are speeding us up to the point of collapse. As soon as the work is done, if it takes only two hours, we are sent home. We are paid only ‘for the number of hours we spend in the factory. While at home we must continuously wait for the call to work. Sometimes three days pass before we get a couple of hours of work. In case one is not home when the call comes, one is Mable to lose his job. The ‘oremen, bookkeepers and other salaried men are working every day, but are paid only for four. In the A. B. Bldg punch shop, the fore- men are not only speeding up the workers, but are stealing their hours beside. The workers are beginning to speak about the Steel and Metal Workers’ Industrial Union. A little work by the 8. M. W. I. U. will pro- duce considerable results, NOTE: We publish letters from steel, metal and auto workers every Tues- day. Get them to us by the pre- ceding Friday. Help imptove the “Daily Worker.” me TEAR the paper in three parts so that each one of them can have @ sheet to read.” —~ send in your suggestions and criticism! What Is the Of Communism to Dear Comrade Editor: Will you kindly explain the mean- ing of the materialistic conception of history. I am a worker who never believed in the class struggle. altho I started to work at twelve. I want to make myself useful in the labor movement. I would like to study it for a while. P. D, KELLY, Brooklyn. People have always had theories about why it is that history develops the way it does. Some said that all kinds’ of supposed gods pulled the strings of history, making men do whatever they wanted them to do. Others said that something called the “spirit” or the “soul” which existed inside of every man made people act as they did, Others said that man was born with certain ideas which came from a place, no one had ever secn, called heaven. But all these theories, which the philosophers and priests, taught for many centuries, and still teach, could not explain why it is that certain ideas in history come at one time, and some ideas and theories come at another. These theories of history could not explain why ideas, theo- ries, and moral rise and fall, why they change at all. If man is always born with certain ideas, why is it that men in different periods of history have had such different ideas? This question the Philosophers and priests could not answer. It was not until“Marx and Engels wrote their immortal .works that this question was answered. Marx and Engels found the answer to this question in the discovery that whatever men think is not a result of some invisible “spirit” which no one has ever seen, but that man’s thoughts are a reflection of the con- ditions of the outside world in which he lives. What men thought, Marx and Engels discovered, was the re- sult of the way in which they got their food and shelter from nature, the way in which they supported themselves. The Eskimos believed that heaven was a cold place, The natives of Africa believed that Heaven was a hot place. But Marx and Engels also discov- ered that the outside world keeps on changing. The way=people manu- facture things and distribute them is always changing. And they dis- covered that the only way to ex- Plain why history develops as it does is to “seek the ultimate cause and great moving power of historic events in the economic development of so- ciety, in the changes of the mode of production and exchange, in the con- sequent division of society into dis- tinct classes, and in, the struggle of these classes against one another.” (Engels’ Introduction to “Socialism, Utopian and Scientific” page 19.) As can be seen by this definition, Marx and Engels discovered that it was the development of the forces of preductioh that creates the existence of separate classes in society, classes Tool Makers Get 25c. An Hour on Rush Job By « Worker Correspondent MILWAUKEE, Wis.—The Bad- ger Meter Manufacturing Company recently received an order from Mexico City for 45,000 units. This shop is working day and night. They pay the magnificent sum of 18 to 25 cents an hour for a first class tool-and-die maker: Some of the men in this shop are working four- teen or fifteen hours a day. I won- der what these men are thinking about the “New Deal?” Wehr Steel Company, a foundry which has been working a few hours a day, is now laying men off. Marxian Theory of History, | “Daily” Reader Asks Worker Wants.to Study Fundamental Ideas Join Struggles of the Working Class that are at war with one another. And it was the great discovery, of Marx and Engels that they proyed that it was the development of thee class struggles in society .that jex- plains the rise and fall of ideas, explains why it is that certain ligions are born, why they die, people in different periods of his have different moral ideas, etc. At last the century-old question was answered. With this: conception of history, the materialistic concep- tion, it was possible to explain why men’s ideas change and develop. It is because the outside, material, forces of production change and. develop, The materialistic theory of history has been falsified to mean that men cannot change history, that no mat- ter what they do everything has been laid down in advance by “god” or by economics. It's:'no use doing any- thing these people say, because no matter what» you do, history will develop in the way which it wants to. go, anyhow. The capitalists like this theory, be- cause it keeps the workers from fighting against them.’ But this is a falsification of Marx and Engels’ theory. Many times they said that “Man makes his own history. But he does not make it out of the whole cloth.” That is, people can only act with the maferial conditions that are around themyWithout the tools, you can’t make anything. And the kind of tools you have suggest the kind of thing you can make. That is, mun can, and must, be active, his actions do affect hi8tory, But only within the limits laid down by the material factors of the outside world. \ The materialistic coneeption ef history explains why we see today throughout capitalist society the un» ending struggle:between Communié\ and Capitalism. It is because, ai) Engels said, Communism “is the pro- duct of the recognition, on the one hand, of class ahtagonisms existing in society today, between the posses- sing class and the non-possessing class, between the capitalists and the workers, and on the other, hand it is the prodnect of the anarchy that exists in modern, production.” oe This means that Communism is only the result of the material posi- tion of the workers under capital. ism, a result of ‘the fact that they | are exploited by the ca} And what does this mean? It means that the materialistic tion of history shows how the day to day struggles of the workers against capitalism, against wage cuts, against the starvation and suffering caused by the crisis, are an inevitable, histo- rical necessity, It shows that just as the material forces of capitalism give birth to the idea of Communism, so the development of capitalism to its present stage of world crisis makes it necessary to overthrow capitalism and establish Socialism. ‘The materialistic conception of his- tory shows that only when the work- ers overthrow. capitalism, can they end all crises and unemployment. With the materialistic eption of history, the working cl is able to refute all the false ideas and the- ories of the..capitalists and their agents, the reactionary -professors, the priests and ministers, etc., who try to xeep the workers in wage- slavery hy mysterious theories of his- tory. hes With this powerful theory created by Marx and Engels, the workers were able to establish their own rule in the Soviet Union. And with it they will be able te do the.same all over the world. inciuding the Un.tcd States. + 8 Editor's note:—In his letter, Comrade Kelly asks several other questions which will be answered in coming issues of the “Daily Worker.” By PAUL LUTTINGER, M.D. ‘The Health Column, which is a daily feature of the Daily Worker, concerns itself with questions per- taming to the physical and mental health and hygiene of The workers. Besides answers to personal health problems, Dr. Luttinger will dis- cuss briefly, from time to time, questions of public health and sani- tation as it affects factory and of- fice workers, occupational and in- dustrial diseases and -accidents, diet, seasonal diseases, health in- surance, workmen's compensation, as well as various medical frauds. .Correspondents desiring a private reply, please address Dr. Paul Lut- tinger, in care of the Daily Worker, 50 East 13th St, New York, N, ¥., enclosing a stamped, self-addressed envelope.—Ed'tor. Co ae SWIMMING At this time of year, when every- body yearns for a swim, and some workers, in spite of the New Deal, actually. manage to get a dip in the ocean or in a pool, it is well to re- member a few sanitary cautions: First of all, it is well to remember that many diseases may be con- tracted in swimming pools and even at the lakes and beaches. The so-called “summer” cold 1s often contracted by swallowing water containing germs which cause in- flammation of the throat, nose, ears and eyes, “Pink eye” is a painful irritation of the eyes which fre- quently becomes an epidemic in all the camps along an infected lake. Venereal and skin diseases, ordinary Let us know what the workers in your shop think about the “Daily.” diarrhoea, typhoid fever, athletes’ foot, are some of the conditfons which have been traced in infected pools or beaches, In ocean, the chances of infection much less, particularly shore; but one is liable “to ear-drum injured by a st to cut his feét on rocks or tin cans, or to become infected from dirty shore sand. ig F Inasmuch as the infection chiefly due to:other bathers:or to the swimming suits ‘they wear, nude bathing is more sanitary; besides, it facilitates inspection and 3 people who have skin diseases entering the pool. As our ical system precludes us from only sanitary form of bathing, » next best thing to be done is to a shower before’and after suit is surgically clean (sterilized), ©. Don’t swallow water while bathing. : Don't stay in the water more than 30 minutes at a time. ’ q Anemic people (those, poor in blood) should not remain more than five minutes in the water, except, when it happens, to be very warm, As soon as they leave the water they should get a brisk rub over the tire body with a Turkish towel bring back the circulation skin, ‘ Don’t go in swimming right, a heavy meal. : Wait an hour or Don’t go in swimming in cold water if you are menstruating, and don’t allow. malicious wisecrackers to shame ‘you into doing tt. » He ied Don't fail to paint any scratch on your feet or other. injured parts of the body with tincture of iodine, as soon as yOu Can, s