The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 29, 1933, Page 4

Published by the 18th St., New York city, N. ¥ Address and mail shecks to the Daity Worker, sdaily Publishing Co. Page Four Ine ‘Telephone ALgonemin 4-794. Cable “DATWORK.” daily oxeopt Sunday, at m2 8 0B. wth M., Mew Fork, M. ¥, Dail By Mail overswhere: One year, $6; six months, $6. ereepting Borcngh of Manhattan and Bronx, Ni Canads: SUBSCRIPTION RATES: 3 months, $2; Fork City. One year, $9; 6 months, $5; 7 months, $3. LONDON CONFERENCE STILL PARALYZED AS NEW MONEY CRISS LOOMS OVER WORLD Fight to Maintain Frane on Gold Lost; Dollar Lowest in History; Germany Faces Financial | Catastrophe; Esthonia Leaves Gold Standard BULLETIN. _ REVAL, Esthonia, June 28.—Parliament today approved a govern- ment decree abolishing the gold standard and authorizing inflation. This step was necessary because the government cannot pay interest | on its internal debt. It will pay off with depreciated currency turned out on the printing presses. | LONDON, June 28.—The battle of the franc is lost. It is only a question of a short time when France will be forced off the gold standard. The crash of the last major gold standard currency in Europe will make complete the wreckage of world currency systems. The decks will be cleared for a world- wide struggle for markets of each against all, with the ruling classes of the ng to place ad- @ upon the toiling the effect t Roosevelt, before the enduring the lowest, conference, hailed as a step to- fe in the history of| ward “recovery” and then from the| capitalism beginning instructed the American MacDonald Hastens Fall of Frane | delegates to declare a world trade Until late last night France tried | war to postpone for a while longer the| German Financial Crisis Near bandonment of the gold standard.| 4 further factor deepening the king to take advantage of the sified conflict between the Uni-| i States and Great Britain in their| world economic crisis is the fact that | is on the eve of a finan-| Dr Germany cial cat. ophe Hjalmer world-wide economic war, the French! schacht, head of the Reichsbank finance minister. Bonnet.| admYtted that Germany would not appealed to the Brit be able to meet payments on the ister, Ramsay MacDonald. to peg the| Dawes and Young Plan loans and found in relation to the franc in| the lot term credits chiefly held by order to support the latter currency.| the United States. Unless Wall Street Bonnet. in a telephone conversation | is able to pump more money into i Premier Daladier of France. | Germany, that country will default that hope of British aid had | been abandoned. It was then that} the announcement was made from| Paris that it is only a question of time when France will have to go| eff the gold standard and devalorize its currency Report Action of Bankers even on its private loans. Dollar Lowest in History out the world was further accentu- ated today by the dollar sinking to| he lowest level for all time. It was below 77 cents in rejation to the franc, which is now the leading gold | The instability of currencies thru- | [SPA RKS VERHEARD in a subway conversa- | tion “What is the function of the ‘B ‘To make Blockheads of us all.” Naturally, we won't let them get away with it CONTRIBUTOR sends us the fol- lowing | An epidemic of huge jack rabbits, called “war horses” are infesting the | state of Kansas. An Indian legend says that they never appear except when a war is brewing and they have the farmers worried But the best sign of an approach- ing imperialistic conflict is the pres- lence of war horse jaok rabbits run- ning around the streets of Washirg- ton juggling gold standards and leating for naval appropriations EWS item: “Seven Octopuses Ar~ rive and Take Up Residence At | the Aquarium.” | No, you're wrong, they are | members of the Roosevelt Cabinet. Though they very well might be. | They're fully qualified as blood-suck- ers, not HEY have just erected a nice, new marble monument for the Amer- | ican soldiers who were slaughtered at |the Meuse in France during the | World War for Morgan's profits. | That must be a great comfort to | the living vets, who are now starving, and who tasted the tear gas fed to them at Washington not so long ago. | Sate * Bullets and marble monuments— | that’s the program the Capitalist gov- |ernments have for the vets, oo We | QUT the lessons of the Bonus March have sunk deeply into the con- sciousness of millions of young work- lers whom the imperialist wolves are | getting ready for the next slaughter. | The America: news agency, the Ps rl United Press, however. reported that ; Sein oe yo out tottering |" And these young workers will have e rapid decline of the 4 it had inform: tion from a i dollar creates greater difficulties as| 2M unpleasant surprise ready for the close, to the Bank of England hat! fay as any attempt to come to the | finance money lords. ich an agreement had been reached) rescue of fascist Germany is con-| Wetaeh ores | i epresentatives.| cerned TTO KAHN, declared before the ‘This . Moley Boasts of “Recovery” Senate Finance Committee that he one. Even if true, it is certain that) prof Raymond Moley, assistant|is the doctor of the country’s rail- se fer the a igo bal anlenend sec’y of state in the, Roosevelt admi-! roads. “Ash todiegr Matta ls ie y nistration, gave out a short state- w he w to bl franc, taking with it the last of the ment to the press today in which wen how. ‘he: knows : ho Bleed gold currencies . ie 88 “thi covery of thi ini- Press Assails U. S. Hypoctisy he sajd, “the recovery of the U; ; og a ted States is encouraging and genu- he Whole French press and | ine rather than purely inflationary.” erable section of the European | This is seen as an attempt to win caustic attacks to) cuoport for American policy on the part of the smaller nations and to strengthen the hand of the American delegation in striving to conclude | trade and preferential tariff pacts | with Latin American countries. | He al | co} Press engages in 4,000 French Jobless | Start March on Nantes PARIS, June More than 1,000 made a public gesture to jobless workers began today a three-| try to persuade the delegates of day march from St. Nazaire, ship-| other countries that he is not in building center, on Nantes, to de-| London to supersede Secretary of mand that the authorities order re- | State Cordell Hull. At the press sumption of work on the huge liner| conference Hull introduced Moley as Normandie. Led by the mayor of Nazaire. the unemployed carried| food, wine and bedding supplied by unions and local merchants. More | than 4,000 men were thrown out of| work when the construction of the Normandie was suspended after the new French liner Atlantique was de-| stroyed by fire in January “one of our most able and forward- looking citizens.” Moley twice re- ferred to Hull as “my chief.” This gesture is recognized as intended to reassure delegates of those countries with whom Hull has been carrying on intrigues to try to win support for he policy of American imperialist aggression Longshoremen and Seamen Vow Solidarity at Seattle SEATTLE.—Looking forward to the Marine Workers Industrial Union, ers’ Conference in Seattie on June 1 Everett, Seattle, Portland and Olympi men and seamen. ‘ The most significant thing about of longshore delegates. among them a ® former local official of the I. L. A. in| Portland, Oregon. This longshore- | man saw the I. L. A. crushed by the corruption of its officials and the ruthless terror of the Chamber of | Commerce gunmen. Now he sees the M.W.L.U. leading the fight for the reorganization of the longshoremen STRIKE CALLED ONS. S. STARK Show Solidarity with| Seamen of Finnish | Fleet NEW YORK.—Signifying their| solidarity with 90 per cent of the| Finnish fle which is on strike at all ports, especially in Finland, the| crew of the S.S. Stark went out on/ strike yesterday and formed a com-| mittee of seamen who went to the Finnish consul and demanded im- mediate draw of money, better food, drinking water tanks scourged and cleaned and fresh water. j ‘This was the first step to prepare the rest of the crew to go out on strike and, along with their com- rades in other ports, demand a 20 Per cent increase in wages | When the consul came aboard the ship the captain offered the excuse that the Stark was a Swedish owned ship, that he would first have to wire to Stockholm for money with which to pay the crew. The seamen, however, refused to accept the cap- tain’s statement and immediately ceased work. Two men were left to keep up steam till tomorrow at 3 o'clock at which time, if the demands for a 20 per cent wage increase arc not met, they will withdraw fully In the meantime the ship's Cap} the Second National Convention of the Northwest held a Marine Work- 7th, at which long-hore groups in ia were represented as well as fisher- the conference was the large number into a fighting union and is taking an active pert in organizing it. Longshoremen are not footloose like seamen. For longshoremen to make the trip by road or freight from Portland, Olympia and Everett to Seattle shows the strength of the union idea among these men who for ten years past have been saddled with the Fink Hall system of com- pany unions. Fishermen Too. Another significant feature of the conference was the presence of sev- eral delegates from the fishermen of the Columbia River and Puget Sound, where a strike was fought to a suc- cessful conclusion during the last two months, Prior to the conference, M.W.I.U. organizers held meetings with long- shore and seamen’s groups in all the Northwest ports. The marine work- ers showed by their enthusiasm that they mean business in building the union, The conference in Seattle elected delegates to the Second National Convention of the M.W.LU., to be held in New York July 16 to 18, Besides this, delegates will come to the convention from several long- shore groups and ship crews, as’ well as from the port organizations of the Northwest. For Day-to-Day Demands. The conference worked out a plan of work for the Northwest. The delegates will go home to build united front committees and groups on all docks and ships and in the Fink Halls, irrespective of affiliation, to develop struggle around the day-to-day de- mands of the workers. A great deal of emphasis was laid on the solidarity of the longshore- men and seamen in the Seattle con- ference, for the first time uniting the demands and struggles of the two marine workers groups in the North- west. ‘The conference called a mass con- jain and Steward have attempted t@j fcrence for the fall, where the pro- placate the crew by serving tome} gram of the National Convention of joes, oranges and other fresh vege the M.W.1.U. will be taken up and ‘ables and fruits for the first time fefforts extended to build a fighting mm this vovage.A seaman who burned wis leg against a steam pine wa fiven immediate treatment, whereas rganization of the marine workers Of the Northwest A similar conference for Southern vetore first aid was withheld from) corts of the Pacific Coast was held bem. | 8t.Ben Francisoo on June 25th. : 4 | | From another window come the |; And he certainly is expert in the ase of leeches. (CER.SALE TALKS OPENED AT TOKIO | USSR. “Renounce¢ | Czarist Policy of } Conquest | TOKIO, June 28.—Count Uchida | Japanese Foreign Minister, opened | yesterday the three-sided negotia- tions here for the sale of the Chi- nese Eastern Railway by the Soviet Union to Manchukuo. Ostensibly, the Japanese delegates | are acting in an advisory capacity in | the negotiations for sale of the 1,000- | mile railway; actually, Japan will dic- | tate Manchukuo’s part of the bar- | gaining, which is expected by all | concerned to be long drawn out. | Ambassador Konstantin Yureney, head of the Soviet delegation, pointed out that the Chinese Eastern had been built by Czarist Russia as a means of conquest, but that the revolution of 1917 had changed the aims of Russian policy, and the So- viet Government had always looked on the railway as a commercial en- |terprise and was concerned only to safeguard its material interests. Yu- renev declared that friendly relations with Japan formed a fundamental part of Soviet foreign policy. | HE WHO GETS SOAKED! | ‘ imperialist powers by concentrating | largely Japanese trained. —By Burck. SEE, NANKING’S NAVY | DESERTION JS | AID TO JAPANESE War Lords | Struggle for Booty in Dismem- berment of China SHANGHAI, Jun 28.—Further dis- integration of the Chiang Kai Shek forces is evidenced by the desertion of the entire Northeastern Squadron @ the Chinese Navy. The five ves- sels which steamed out of the control | of the Nanking forces headed for the Shantung Peninsula. Reports here were they would join the newly- created Northern buffer government set up by the Japanese to carry on their further division of China. The Chinese naval officers are Most of the war vessels were built by the Japanese nayal builders. The main task of the Chinese navy has. been to collect the graft along the Chin- ese coast for the Chiang Kai Shek government, and to terrorize the river boag men, The government has a huge vpium monopoly and the navy helps it to collect the levies on this valuable trade. In conjunc- tion with the British, American and Japanese naval forces, the Chinese vessels have been used to fight the Chinese Soviet forces along the Yangtse river. The Shantung peninsula, where the five vessels are headed, was the scene of a militarist war last sum- mer in which the war lord Han Fu Chu became the dominant figure. New militarist wars will develop out of the new alliances being made. While the Japanese continualiy strengthen their hold on North China, through the aid of new Chinese militarist allies, Chiang Kai Shek carries on the wishes of all the Yellow RiverThreatens /FURT OUCH NAVY Devastation in China SHANGHAI, June 23.—The great Yellow River, is swollen by heavy rains to a point where it threatens to break thru the dikes at Kaifeng and return to the old course which it abandoned . in 1852, sweeping southeastward into the Yellow Sea 400 miles south of its present outlet into the Gulf of Po. If the dikes YARD WORKERS, WITHOUT WAGES) Places to Be Taken by $30 a Month Workers ———— riteas, we JUNE 26, 1068 and Foreign. YOUNG PEASANTS AND OLD SCIENTIST SIDE BY SIDE IN SOVIET COLLECTIVE |Managers Spend Time in Fields; Pure Bred Stock Live in Disinfected Sheds New Process of Treatit Farm Doubles By NATHANIEL BUCHWALD | (Daily Worker Correspondent) il. MOSCOW.—At the District Soviet! in Evpatoria I obtained a list of col- hozes in the neighborhood which in-| cluded good, bad and indifferent) ones. Topping the list was the Ger-! man collective farm “Morgenrot” (Dawn”). The District Agricultural Director happened to be going that way, so he offeve1 me a lift in his battered old Dodm. We had the road all to our-j| selves, except for an occasional truck | laden with gasoline for the tractors| or with seeds for the sowing brigades | working in the neighborhood | In striking contrast to these fast| and furious trucks was a hay waggon | drawn by a pair of oxen. on top of the hayload was a young girl of Mongolian appearance. She| leaned her elbows on the hay, resting | her head in her hands and gazing/ into the steppe, apparently just as! unmindful of the oxen as the oxen were unmindful of her, This idyllic picture struck me as| being out of step with the times, but the Agricultural Director of the Ev- patoria District was rather in favor of oxen, preferring them to horses for heavy hauling along bad roads, Live draught-power, he explained, was indispensable on a large farm, even if the basic processes of cultiva tion are fully mechanized, and oxen can stand the parching heat better than horses. Busy In the Fields. . The “Morgenrot” colhoz is also the seat of the local rural Soviet, Both at the office of the Colhoz adminis- tration and at the Soviet we found only a clerk or two at work. The manager of “Morgenrot” and tt chairman of the Soviet were bot: Perched | * Under “New Deal” WASHINGTON, June 28—Secre- tary of Navy Swanson announced to- day he had ordered approximately 800 employees of naval yards and {stations to be placed on furlough without pay until Sept. 30. Attempts will then be made to speed up those still working in an effort to perman- entiy eliminate those furloughed. Many workers in the yards who have been receiving from $150 to $225 a month, will be replaced by workers break, appalling devastation will be caused in Honan, Anhwei, Shang- tung and Kiangsu provinces. The Yangtse River has flooded Kiukiang to a depth of séven feet in parts, as well as more than 10,000 acres of farmland in southern Hopei, but it rose yesterday only nine inches, as against rises of a foot daily in the previous three days. the major section of his troops around Kiangsi province, with the objective of attempting to keep back the advances of the Central Soviet away. The secretary of the Party/ nucleus was also out, They were “out in the steppe,” we were told, and would vrobabiy return for lunch in an hour or so. The Agricultural Director beamed with} approval. When the leaders are out in the field instead of staying at the office, it is a sign of good work, good leadership—a good coihoz. This was no ordinary time, he pointed out, it ‘was spring sowing when every day counts and every hectare won in the race with the weather means a belter crop. There are a thousand and one things to attend to during the spring ng Seeds Developed on Yield of Grain tunity to apply his knowledge and ta engage in experimentation. “Morgenrot’’ has given him a come fortable home and made him a full- fledged member of the colhoz, but that is not all. The colhoz set aside for him a score of acres of land for his experiments of “bionization’—a, process of treating seeds with certain | concentrated chemicals which act at once as fungicides and stimulants. In the first year he doubled the yield of corn om the experimental area, This year something like 200 hectares (about 500 acres) will be “bionized.” Ahead of Spring Schedule. “Morgenrot” was well ahead of its schedule of spring sowing when I y > colhoz. By the first of Ay had finished their “early” sowing of wheat (some 500 hectares), and were beginning to plow for win= ter sowing. They were ready to start their sowing of corn, pollyseeds and other late crops. Men and women were busy in the vineyard and the extensive vegetable garden., Excel- lently equipped shops, including a smithy, a wood-working shop and a harness shop, were going full blast. The colhoz manager, the Soviet chairman and the secretary of the Party nucleus returned from the fields. With them came a strapping jung man in high boots and higher irits. He was the manager of the neighboring Jewish colhoz, “Icor.” He came on an important mission: to consult with the authorities of “Mor- genrot” how “Icor” could beat them in the race for the better showing in the spring campaign. A Socialist Race. Now, this may sound as a joke, but the authorities of “Morgenrot” really coached their rival how to defeat them in the race. This is the differ- ence between contests in capitalist countries and “socialist competition” in the Soviet Union. It is a matter of honor for the competing individu- als or organizations to help one an- other obtain these results, for the cumulative result of their effort re- dounds to the benefit o? socialist con- struction as a whole. Vihat is now a Soviet collective farm used to be a landowners’ estate. The landowner disappeared with the dis- appearance of czarism, but the colhoz did not come into being before the reecnt campaign of collectiyization. A number of kulaks still exploited the labor of poor farm-hands when the sowing, and a good “hozyain” (boss,! tide of collectivization reached “Mor- district. i From the South comes the news that HusHan Min, residing under the protection of British imperialism in Hong Kong, has sent $100,000 to General Feng Yu-hsiang in Chahar Province, Inner Mongolia. General Feng, a militarist of the Chiang Kai Shek strip, has been holding him- Self out as the savior of China from the Japanese, but this does not pre- vent him from taking onto his gen- eral staff former Manchukuo pup- pets such as General Liu Kwei-tang, who was just a little while ago. in the pay of the Japanese, Bu Han Min, the leader of the right wing in the Kuomintang is evidently making an ‘alliance with Feng Yu-hsiang, preparatory to setting up a military alliance to contend with Chiang Kai Shek for the control of the crumbling Nan- king government. All agree on the basic task of trying to wipe out the Soviet districts whose Red Armies are successfully beating back the fifth anti-Communist drive, recruited from the unemployed who will get $30 a month, the standard set for forced labor by the Roosevelt “new deal.” Hitler-Pope “Alliance” Sought by Von Papen ROME, June 28.—It was stated au- thoritatively today that Vice-Chan- cellor Franz von Papen of Germany, who is a Catholic, is expected in Rome shortly to conclude a Concor- d®% between the Vatican and the Ritler regime. Some of the provisions of the pro- posed virtual alliance between the Catholic Church and the Nazis are expected to be the following: Priests will have civil rights to perform mar- riage ceremonies, Catholic ecclesias- tics will be accorded “the honors due their rank,” youth organizations will be controlled by the Nazi state but their religious activities will be a matter for the religious authorities. | Reprinted from London Daily Worker | T have recently had she opportunity of seeing for myself how the Com- munist Party of Germany is working, carrying on its fight to unite the working class in the struggle against the fascist terror. Under the present conditions of Nazi rule, it goes without saying that the whole of the Party's work has to | be carried on “illegally,” that is to say, | by secret means, and always in face |of the risk of arrest and torture at the hands of the Nazis, In spite of this, one cannot observe the mass of papers. distributed in the factories, bulletins distributed in the streets, leaflets, the illegal Party newspaper “Rote Fahne,” and scores of similar secretly-printed publica- tions without understanding that the Party is alive. The slogan “The Party Lives,” ts to be found chalked and posted on the walls in factories, in the streets of working class quarters and in all sorts of unexpected places where the workers gather. You pick up a box of matches, and inside it you will find a piece of paper bearing some slogan of the Communist Party. ‘You pick up a cigarette card and find stamped upon it some revolutionary call to the work- ers, A MESSAGE TO THE WORKERS Thus in a hundred and one ways the workers of the Party are finding means of carrying their message to | the workers. Here is a big block ‘of working class | flats. Suddenly a group of comrades appears in the courtyard. Some slo- | gan is shouted, and every window is opened, A short meeting takes place. Tt lasts only a few minutes and then the comrades vanish. Tn some other quarter the window ©» a flat is opened and a gramophone record is heard giving # short speech. strains of the “Internationale.” As you walk down a street a leaf- “The Party Lives”--Leading the German Workers let fs placed in your hand. It dis- cusses the rise in the prices of food and what should be done to fight against the reduction of the workers’ standard of living. You stand in a working class mar- ket where housewives are buying food. Suddenly angry voices are heard. Some woman is protesting against the high prices, Someone seizes the opportunity to hand round among the crowd a leaf- let pointing out the contrast between Hitler's promises and the actual per- formances of the Nazi Government. It has happened more than once recently that in ‘such market places the women have rushed the stalls, and thus made a more direct, pro- test against the continual rise in food prices. The Nazis try all manner of means to suppress this agitation. But still it goes on, and the knowledge that the Party is alive gives the workers strengthen and confidence. Among the Social - Democratic workers in particular there is fre- quently com:aent on the contrast be- tween this activity of the Communist Party and the deadly inactivity which has followed the treachery of the leaders of the Social-Democratic Par- ty. : PARFY APTIVITY INCREASES. The fact that the Party lives and, is inéreasing its activity naturally in- creases the hatred of the Fa:clsii towards our leading comrades and makes the necessity for us to fight! for their release ever more urzeni. In London at present, in connec- tion with the World Economic Con- ference, are some of the leading rep- resentatives of German Fascsm. We must find ways of showing them how the British workers hate their savage rule and demonstrating to them our solidarity with our German working- class comrades, ‘The fact that the Party has suc- zation in Germany, that it is working from its Central.Committee through its local and district organizations and cells ensures that in the coming months there will be great mass struggles. Every day sees an improve- ment in the work of the Communist, Party. More and more leaflets and newspapers are being produced. ‘To handle some of these, as I have done, dirty and begrimed as they have passed from hand to hand in factory and street, is to be assured that the Communist Party of Ger- many is setting a glerious examp! to all brother parties of the Com- munist International. Soon it will be able’to lead the way: forward for the great counter-attack by the German workirg-class von the Fascist dictatorship, when the German working-class will give 9 final answer to Hitler and all his promises. Is the work of the Communist Party bearing fruits? Within the last six weeks 100 strikes have actually been recorded in Germany. In many cases they were small strikes—but from these small beginnings will come big- ger strikes and wider struggles. The Hitler Government has sup- pressed the trade unions. But the Communist Party calls upon the workers, by its leaflets, papers and factory cell meetings to rally to the trade unions. It calls upon the un- organized workers to join the unions. This call is meeting with a great vesponse. It is leading to a strength- ening of the Revolutionary Trade Union Opposition, and thus increas- ing the workers’ power to fight in the factories against the Nazi tyr- anny. In the factories the Communists find many differedt ways of carrying on their work. One simple method is to demand that the management put into, operation the promises which have been made by the Fascist of agitation nas become | comnection government. ‘This form | so effective that the Nazi factory cells have been ordered to stop tak- , ing up such questions. | The Fascist Minister of Labor tells , the workers that the time for car- vying out these demands has not yet ; arrived. He tells them that “the fac- tories belong to the workers,” and that “it is their revolution that has taken place and things will soon im- prove for the workers.” But the workers who have been influenced by the Nazi propaganda are only the more rapidly disillu- sioned by these efforte to culet them down, A symptom of the growing unrest sawas the recent printers’ strike in ; Berlin, The Nazis frantically at- tempted to deny that there was a strike. But the fact remains that no newspapers appeared. The Nazis then gave out that the strike was the work of the Jews. But if this | were true it is odd that it was the Fascist papers themgelves which did not appear. I have given only a few examples jof the activity thet is going on. In crite of the reign of terror, the daily searching of workers’ homes, the daily beating up of workers who are suspected of taking part in this re- yolutioncry activity, the undeniable fact is that the Party lives. Hitler has destroyed over 10,000 tons of revolutionary literature. He has stolen more than 5,000 type- writers belonging to the revolution- ary workers. But he cannot crush the Communist Party. This is a fact of the greatest international import- ance, and one that we must broad- cast in England. We must redouble pur efforts In the fight in solidarity with the Ger- man workers, demanding the release of the imprisoned leaders, Thael- mann and Torgler, and of the Bul- garian comrades, Dimitrov, Tanev Popov, now in danger of their manager) should be out in the fields, ' inspect the brigades, see if the ma- chines work: right, check up on the quality of the work and on the area covered. The Pig Farm. The hour “of waiting, for the “bosses” we spent in inspecting the dairy farm and the pig farm of the colhoz. A chippery old man, the ag- ricultural expert of the colhoz, soon joined us and showed us through the place, The pigsty of ‘“Morgenrot” was very clean and smelled of silo-and disinfectants. With great pride the old agriculturist, pointed out the pedi- greed boars and the pure stock ob- tained through a couple of years of careful breeding. The cowbarn was just as clean and well-kept. Two monstrous bulls were kept chained in) a separate shed.” What do you think of these boys?” the old man ex- claimed lovingly, “They were born and raised here—purest blood!” The old agriculturist was a Ukrain- jan. I learned later that he was a scientist of standing. Some of the leading experts of the Agricultural Institute at Leningrad were among his former pupils. He was the direc- tor of a local agricultural school and was at the same time advising the “Morgenrot” farmers in the matter of scientific farming. Old Shackles Broken. This old scientist had the enthusi- asm and buoyancy of a Comsamoletz, (young Communist). Under the oid order he used to advise landowners and czarist officials on various agra- rieQ matters, His advanced ideas were scoffed at and his suggestions: for improvement viewed with distrust, and suspicion—the distrust and sus- picion of the ignorant. Under the Soviet regime he has every oppor- viet. genrot.” Several of those parasites “dekulaked” and exiled, their were fine homes and stock reverting to the © newiy-formed colhoa, Included in this confiscated prope erty was a flour-mill. Its owner was an engineer who had himself in- stalled the engine and other ma- | chinery, He was “dekulaked and exe iled, but apparently the urge of ere« ative work triumphed in him over his class-grudge, for this ex-kulak, T was. told, now works as an engineer in Urais, trusted by the Soviet auton ties as an honest and capable . cialist, Live Very Well, The present population of “Mor~ former farm-hands and poor and middle peasants. They live very well, © | dition prior to the collectivization is entirely in favor of the latter, Be- fore 1929 the average income pe peasant family was about 300 e now it is 2,000 rubles. This does include the substantial income rived by each colhoznik from its. ‘The colhoz as a whole is clear af debts and the members of the colhos have good homes ,good clothes, ample leisure in a cultural way. “Morgene nursery and kindergarten, a commu nal kitchen and mess hall. ‘They ate yplanning a new’ clubhouse, a bath- — house and the installation of tele« phones. There are seven Party bers in the community, six ¢ dates and eight members of the somol. They all work in the and by way of “nagruzka’” ( work without pay) they head 1 various departments of the leat vot” has an excellent. school, a fine — genrot,” about 300 in all, consists of, and the comparison with their con- — cows, hogs, hens and vegetable patch, food and a chance to enjoy their a