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ia Published by the Comprodsfly Publishing Co., Inc., daily exept Sunday, at 50 & y, N. ¥. Telephone ALgonguin 4-7936. Cable Biles cae to the Dally Worker, 50 E. 13th St., New York, N SUBSCRIPTION BATES: 2; 1 month, Te, By Mail everywhere: One year, $6; six months, $3.50; 3 months, ¢ excepting Borough of Manhatten and Bronx, New York City. Foreign end Page Four The Government of the TTHIN: two w Bankers Women Toilers | in the Detroi: Auto Strike da: One year, $9; 6 month: $5; % months, $8. The Bosses ‘Forget’ the Women and Children By I AMTER. ‘These are not the women of the well- | working in the streets a2 school, errand boys. newsboys, bootblacks, | through tt t € eee et the 17,000,000 workers that aré| Thousands of schools have closed er ese cl ue 2 By ANN Deon out of work in this rich country, down because as eee on the ps chi t 1 4 are we more will soon shut eir doors. aituation vi I plete | more than 4,000,000 are women.) ‘ian 3,500,000 children are working tate and ers and ind Man Products » Workers in di ress factories to-do class, who wanted pin money, or desired to be “independent.” They | are the women of the working Class, | girls and women, who had to go to} work to help out the family income. ‘Tens of thousands of the girls have | left home in search of work—work that is nowhere to be found. These | girls and women are out on the road, | with their families; in the Y. W. C.| A’s and other institutions. They are | on the streets looking for food. \ Some of them aze loft in the fac- for one or two dollars a week, because fathers and mothers are denied work, because relief means starvation. More than 1,000,000 boys and girls are tramping the country, homelesy | youth, unable to find work, hounde@ and persecuted, thrown into jail and onto the chain gang. During the election campaign, uy Roosevelt, you talked about “six te | ten million children who are ‘faint+ ing at their desks.” They continue to faint, because the government's refusal to provide adequate relief and » f all shades “ae all these strikes and s tories. They slave as never before—| unemployment insuran: masters’ vo the women factory worker ed 70 to 80 hours a week. They work for vo . ‘ The ie Auto Wo: k- tore he, definite Neither he ference with Wa same issue of Tent that Years 1927, 1928 and 1929 th 500,00 Salary of $2: “loaned” over their owr ve lb to t the ‘bank una This Sitors followed a pumped into these Finance Corpora period unts of e Customer 1: af dol Reconstruct ot the bank of $2 400,000 small depo- cent today to @ leading role factory groups, the 4 came out at a moment's no The women substanti: working hours. LABOR LAWS We speak to a tor Products. is a law in Detroit which women are not permitted to a beggar’s pittance—50 to 60 hours a week in sweatshops in Connecticut) for 65 cents! Two weeks of slave labor in Pennsylvania, in return for $1.65! Three cents an hour—in the! glorious commonwealth of Pennsyl- | vania! Eight cents, ten cents an hour) —this is slavery that breeds disease, | misery, crime, prostitution! These are} some of the “forgotten” people) President Roosevelt talked so much | about. ‘OU spent the summer, Mr. Roose- velt, at your fine estate at Hyde} Park, surrounded by your grand- children in the green of the vast woods. When “tired” from your “la- | bors,” you went to the south, on a splendid yacht. You swam and fished} | —while millions of children sweat, ORKING Class Women. Motherg and Fathers of the Working Class: Are women and girls to be | forced to commit suicide and inte prostitution; are they to work for starvation wages? Shall we allow our children’s lives to be stunted a broken, so that the bosses may retai more profit they take from our lives# On March 8th we will mobilize | for International Women’s Day, the day of the women of the working class of the entire world. On this day the women enslaved in the capi- taliss and colonial countries wil? raise the demands of the working class women. On this day the libee | rated women of the Soviet Union will celebrate the victory of the | working class in the U. 8. S. R. . Pay to the sm 0 save the over 10 hours a day and not more | starved and died. The children’s) year, more than ever, we must £, bankers, anymo per week. But we bureau of the government that you ilice our forces. This year, more te hunger of and | ovie om nN es CY ce. now head tells us that in 1930 there| than ever, the women must demone urs per week, and si ‘popula’ were more than 2,000,000 children | strate. They are workers, home-keep= This serious earn more than $7 or $8 per week. . e 4 working in sweatshops and on the} ers, mothers ofthe starving children, population S we got even as low as ° tarms of this country—while millions | Thrice exploited —and the Negro * for nearly fou per hour—someti: 1 in octd st on struction of adults are unemployed! These} mothers four times exploited. We poverished profe: We never k see figures are not true, for they do not} must rally our forces to demand. This the suffering s of its stolen loo! pjoyment insur: camot hope for anytk tal ig to get. man had that all figured out ‘Then there is another law wh: Says that women are not permitted to work at night. But my mother The following article by & wo- man worker on a collective farm in the North Caucasus region of series to us, from 4 magazine, and told us we ought to organize one here. We discussed it at a meet- ! everything; then I would come back and tell it all to the soviet and we would work together ac- count the hundreds of thousands of | children of the migratory workers | who are not reached. | Since 1930, hundreds of thousands | that Roosevelt, the bosses and the government of this country remem ber and immediately provide in des cent measure for the “forgotten” of children have been forced out of! people of this country. mass. move! is working on a night shift with the Soviet Union is one of a | ing and elected 2 commission of | cordingly. 4 | fj such as: dozens of other women. This, too, series collected by the “Peasants | twelve women of which I was u pore tt 1. Full immediat ina the bgt man had all figured | Newspaper for Those Beginning | member. We decided to wait un- K 1929 we took stock of ali the | ¢¢ ry) 2. Payment of cl out, But now since we had t to Read,” published in the Soviet | fil the roads were better and then aercUilinal Howiemenne pie | E l P 5 E W 3. The governmen 1 e, under the leadership of Union, at a general meeting at | cect funds and start work. We | forgers made agreements with the | ud a oY ua or positors. auto Workers’ Union, we won | which members of the collective | hal amateur theatricals and so got | vitiage soviet for the repairing of | This can be ach I t of the Ciera ay We get a minimum | farm were asked to write about | our first money. Then the hens | the farming tools before spring, so By EDITH BERKMAN. country. and the m« ‘ Miestreet, || crew oe belies (4 thelr daily work. Poe ages iat ose tic ma | that we could plant our whole corn | Sine February, 1931, Edith Berkman has been facing deportation know they cannot place are responsible upon the Roosevelt’s OOSEVELT the ba. During the ® military regimen : - A : ven taug! read ¢ vrite. the amount of work .I managed I told him 1% was not I that ly till 6 at wight.) In this i , ” unemployed have been waiting to hear what is the program of | the I. W. W. and the Socialist | To! even taught to read and write. ; Be ee ee him with a “blue envelope.” He the new pn : ho mmade’eo many promiscs of relief to the uneni- Paty tfictals Pe 5 ee My adopted parents were middle | t do. Bave the orders but the Soviet | manner throuzh the employ- was fired. a ployed, who even flirted with the slogan of Ur nt Insurance. In ee sme peasants, They had adopted me For two years I did not tell my | Government. oe ment of women workers at g i the address there was not whisper about Un- | WORK BUT NO PAY | so as to get an additional. plot of | husband that I was @ candidate After the harvest we notified | lower wages and longer work- | AGRIEVANCE ; employment Insurance. r to the starv- We talked to an Italian woman | lend, as land was then allotted | for the Party. When I became a Emelyan of the amount of grain day the bosses hope to in. COMMITTEE ELECTED, # ing millions? He was g host of un- | of 40 on the picket line. Weasked | Per head. When I was 16 they |___ ____} he had to deliver but he did not | crease their already fat pro- ‘When the knitter told me about ‘ employed citizens What did he of- | her why she was on strike. She | decided that I should m: as | deliver it, saying he had no grain. Tits. it, we decided to take this quese Meio these in Sanaa existence? ‘The new Wali | told us: “I worked here for 10 | they wanted an additional worker : yihat evening 7 called & meeting | WOMEN WORKERS ARE dion’ ap with “the whol ascdeear Street president did not propose wance but in effect | yeats. My husband and children | in the family. They wanted a son- WOMEN of all the poor and middle peasants | pat Low WAGES. rae UD, { } ‘Here Again”. was “only a fi ‘The Forgotten guguration addres: Hun ger and War! ele or andoned. 2 the very day h the country. tor which they alone lation Program of lilies of the moment”. Roosevelt in his in- ‘The 17,000,000 nts the Couzens We talked to this girl and other women about the union. They promised to help arrange a women’s meeting to bring more women into the unicn and to build women’s | auxiliaries. ae ae E go to the Mack Ave. Briggs [ Plant. Here over 6,000 workers | are still on sirike; 2,000 of them women. For the last six weeks, | the workers have waged a bitter | | | | | at to improve their living con- ditions—a fight for the right to live, in face of the organized joint reactionary forces of the auto lords, the “liberal” city government of Mayor Murphy, the treachery of the Detroit Federation of Labor, worked here. Now I am the only This series, now published in a booklet called “Kokhozniki,” shows by concrete example how the working peasants have cast off the shackles that bound them to the landlords, capitalists, ku- laks, and priests.) * . peasant kino, Chepurnoy by name, and his wife took me and adopted me, for they were childless. When I became a little older they made me work, I took the cattle to graze and never had a holiday; I was | in-law who would not have to do to cottages with a subscription list and collected 2,000 eggs, 12 poods of flour, some butter, some veget~ able oil and about a hundred rubles. With the funds raised in this way, in the spring, we opened a day j nu ~ Th was room for 30 babies and a playground for forty children. I baked bread for them. re ee | eas 1924 to*1926 I was organ- izer of women's work. We plant- ed sunflowers and weeded the sun- flower fields. In 1927 I applied for membership in the Co Party. I was doing social the time, but did not give up my | house work, so as to be left in peace. Everybody was surprised at field area. We had a great deal of trouble over it. If we asked a peasant how much he would plant today he would answer: “Three hectares,” but next day it turned out to be something different. It was the same with the repairs; they would say everything was all right when most of it needed re- pa REFUSES ORDERS “FROM A WOMAN” T called eight smiths to my of- fice, had a talk with them and gave them an agreement to sign. y all signed except one Emelyan, who said he would not take orders from @ woman, and spoke to them about our grain because she organized the Lawrence textile workers for better conditions, On March 8th, International Women’s Day, all meetings should demand the right of Edith Berkman to live in the U. 8. A. * * * (OMEN take the jobs of men,” or “Women should stay home and let the men work” are some of the popular sayings of the day. At the same time the mill-owners’ organizations such as the As- sociated Industries of Massa- chussetts come out with the demand, “For Women’s Work till 10 o'clock at night.” (In Massachussetts women may work only 8 hours a day and @ week. One day, because of ill« ness, the knitter did not come to work. The boss asked me to try to operate the machines by myself. To the satisfaction of my boss I operated the machincs will. After the days work I was told by the boss that I will be put in charge of the machines and will receive $20 per week. I was to do the work of a man who was paid $35 per week for $20 3 week. No wonder the boss was satisfied. The next day the knit~ ter came to work. The boss met iment at noon, In the meantime, | | et | i ; } 1 militar to the r s of | one working and am working part | military 50 delivery. Emelyan said: | ,,All census of the United | word was passed around that all! ated vl ee 2 ene fg time. I come here every day, hang | 10 had done his ae t | , “You talk about the plan, well, | States Labor department | “mest oliteida at\1a o'oldck: Wait eek and: how as ; iting by | around for 10 to 12 hours for | to marry him, but I fulfilled it before you did. My | prove that women are paid | we met, everyone was against eal giecnmnent ates recon oF a | hours’ work, and I wait and w | and I agreed | grain is already delivered, I have | one-half to one-third ee the bosses scheme. We each had ear. This 1 rapa am for mili. | for the job married we were four none left. You can ge and see for | than men for the same kind And we agreed on the tarization of tt oved ‘L never know what I get for my je had a yourselves. 5 Bee penises SE aI Lag : a) A committee of 5 aa ie | Work. They make us sign a paper s and a cow. I began | _ Everybody was iurious at him { about 10,000,000 gainfully oc- | to go to the boss with our de~ . comet ters | ‘the price for jobs subject to | to have children, and accused him of'having sold his |. -cupled ‘women in the United mands of grievances. b) All go 4 lover balance agricultural centers | change’ I make sometimes $5 4 28 grain for ‘speculation. As he con-~ | States. Today millions of them { pack in the mill, but don’t work Of the countr tving. Roose- | week—sometimes $6. I never know. | GO I lived until i924, when a tinued to assure us that he had {| are looking for work. And if | untit the committee tells them Velt had some grave s”, against the | We have no shoes. I go to the of- teacher came to our village and no gzain left, we decided that if they are single they don’t even | 4 if the demands are not grant~ incompetent bank and announced | fice and ask them to get me and | taught tt wn-ups to read and this was true he would be fined receive relief. Low fvages of the We po tid BELIEeE ‘that those “inco! an mney Bacay the kids some clothes. They say | Write. He called meeting and and a levy put on his property for husband force many married them in his very cabinet. On the very day when thousands of unemployed wor various ‘cities of the have not abdicate road execut the constitution i new deal has quickly turned into a ruthless suppression of the bread. to enforce w: growing strugg] Roo was i am ; naugurated, with Roe! thousands upon the s “The progran into a program of of the toiling masses for is connected with the feller, with r of various com: neial oligarc! O.K. And give me a slip of paper and make me sign. Now, I have worked six weeks and have re- ceived three 2-week pay checks; one for 2 cents, one for 5 cents and the other for 7 cents. They say they take it out for the shoes.” She cries out: “That is why I strike. That is why I picket. They cheat us, I tell you; they take away all we makes.” * 2 WOMEN IN FIGHT FOR | UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE E go to an Unemployed Con- ference in Dearborn—men and told us that all persons between the ages of 16 and 40 could come and learn. I was too happy for words. I had three children then but decided that I would learn in spite of everything. 'UDIES AT [EVENING SCHOOL We went to school evenings; the teacher told me that I must ask my children to help me. I was ashamed to know less than they did and my little girl began to teach me. The other. peasants laughted and joked when they saw me walking down the village street INTERUAOLNUE OU aaa S No.2? member I told him and he was quite surprised. “T don’t see why you give your- self all that trouble,” he said, “working at home and in the Par- five times the value of the grain sold for speculation. We called the committee of as- sistance together and decided to proceed with the levy, but nobody wanted to go, nor did I want to go myself, since he was our neigh- bor. At last I made up my mind and, taking three men with me, I went. Emelyan’s son had dis- appeared and the old man did not want to let us in. But I told him to get out of the way and we went in. He would not give us a lantern at first, but we got one and went into the barn. women to seek jobs. As a result of many powerful struggles some labor laws against night work for women have been won. Some states have introduced the 8 hour law for women work- ers. But all these laws are ig- nored and discarded, While a great deal of space is given in all capitalist papers to talk about the 6 hour day—5 day week, or “share the work week,” steps are being taken for longer hows of work und wage cuts. All workers, meh and women must organizze to defeat the WE DEMAND “EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK.” Our committee demanded: 1) ‘The knitter be given back his job. 2) All women doing a man’s job to receive the same pay as the man. At first the boss refused to talk to us. We then told him that no one works until our demands- will be granted. He calmed down, told us to sit down, gave cigars-> to the men, even to the one he” fired in the morning. After ono hour of talk we went out of the” office | i: i seit a ‘There we found that he had avai smiling— we announced” promises, demanding t y women get up one after another | with my copy book in my hand. eee aan pale | ground all his grain into flour, so er } that all would go back to work t¥blished. It is agair s and tell how Ford is sapping out | Sy thas tn cher at- | Gearer to you than your own fam. | ‘Bat was why he could not deliver | EXPERIE —our demands were granted. that Mr. Roosevelt uC ad we mandin: ir life and blood. A woman | 3 he ¥ Communist ¥ pty | any grain. We made up a list of | A KNITTING MILL. “T have 10 in the family. mol nucleus ily?” his stores and his cattle, found I worked as a knitters helper Unity of all workers plus or~ ganization will bring victories to Capit: he crisi My husband worked at Fords for detachment. “I have led w miserable life,” I | some bee hives and put them in in a ie eae mt : the workers. iniges for th pe e been blasted. Ev . Now he has no job. | all my children join the told him, “and now I want to be | also and announced an auction for ceca Ae pis ania ear oe Hiqlisl: pay foe equel Werk sx oe the ruling taking to ¢ crisis only deep Misery | They take my boy in the Ford | When some of the villagers free and take part in ruling my | the next day. But the kulaks were | are highly suilled workers), La of ‘the: inost sAmportant: demtanta ig-growing. ‘The strugg alist robbers is sharp- Trade Schooi. He is 12 years old. | them wearing their red ti country, s Lenin said all women still so much feared, that we could fonied ie his paper, aed $16 ol all wattosts, nets anid eames He is the only one that they give | said to m should. not find anybody to take the pro- ¥ » a > » efing. The program oi ninisiration of Wilson work to. He fainted three times “Do you know what you are do- Mi e them take After that he and I constantly perty away. Antonia Shishkova in one day. His back aches, and ing? You are tak he wrong | Warreled agreed to help me. I gave her a Ps iy 2 s . The new deal of o the tradition of the | the foreman says’ speed-up. We'| road and ere dragging your chit | CRAVES WILTAGE cart and five Pioneers to ussist her Miners’ Wives Demonstrating liberal President Wil: mothers of Dearborn demand work | with the phrases of n tions plunged the coun the midst of t ministration, again with th Deal, emerges as the true ser fer imperialist war and rut ‘The call of Roosevelt for war id by the growing united front of workers and farmers in the e abolition of capitalism. steve against the for their immediate needs and for starving mil lions will d issues a bloody call t the starving millions. be | gles for the right to live! for our husbands and against child labor, for free food, transportation and hospital care for our children.” Negro and white women in De~ troit: Further your militant strug- Organ- ize into the Auto Workers’ Union! Join the Women’s Auxiliaries! Working and farm women of other cities: Follow the militant dren with you. off those red ties But I would not listen. Soon I finished the school for reading and writing and got a certificate, but the teacher said I could go on | studying if I wanted, and so I did. When’ I came home from sctivol, my foster-mother and. my husband often refused to let me in. It was said in the village that we were TO STUDY In 1928 I was sent to Taganrog “ to study to be chairman of a vil- lage soviet. As soon as I left the villagers began to sneer at my hus- band because I had left my work and the children on his hands. On my return I was very soon made vice-chairman of the village soviet. We had elections a week and they took everything away.. Later, when we had mass collec- tivization, that whole family was expelled from the village. spent July and August, 1929, in Moscow, taking courses of study to be chairman of a village soviet, where N. C. Krunskaya lectured. She told vs in vivid words that we, who were the leaders of our vil- —— | struggles of the women of De- not studying at all, but spending »later and everybody shouted “We lages, must not be a’raid of the MARCH COMMU NIS nae EN LARGED | troit! our time flirting. I begged my | Want Chepurnayal” So I wes | pronaganda that the kulaks were “Speech over the LESSONS OF T , FOUNDER OF SC OF THE COMMUNIST END OF RELATT MARX A} TE C. DITION 'TROIT—Editorial M AND ORGA! TLIZATION AND THE “ASKS OF OUR PARTY.—Excerpts ‘from report to the 16th Plenum, Central Committee, C.P.,0.S.A., January 28, 1933, by Ear] Browder. LIFE AND WORK OF KARL MARX.—-By Max Bedacht. ON THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR—Correspondence between Marx “TUNISM OF GERMAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY. By G Vasilkov: Let International Wornen’s Day der capitalism—be a day of sol- idifying our forces in struggle | against wage-cuts, for unemploy- ment insurance and immediate re- lief, against imperialist war and for the defense of the Soviet Union and Chinese masses! All out in demonstration on March 8th-—International Women’s portation to fascist Poland. Only husband to come and see what we ‘e had also political studies at our school, and for these we often remained until midnight. Sy ee if began to do social work in 1924 and was elected to the village Soviet. I started to work among the women and organized a sewing circle to which I was the first to wo first thought of having a day elected chairman of our soviet. derstand that my head ached and I could not think of the right things to do. So I went to the chairman of the Regional Exec- utive Committee and asked for ad- vice. The coiarades told me what 1 was to do and wrote it all down for me in large letters on a piece I used to go to the Regional Exec- making, but must be firm in fight- —the historic dey of struggle | were doin came three times ¢ Ti was difficult work at first. ing our class enemies. A REVOLUTIONIST” al against misery and oppression of and, after t, let me go when Many a time I cried over my In the beginning of 1930 I was A REVOLUTIONIST’—Engels the working and farm women un- | I liked papers; they wete so hard to un- | chairman of the women’s work conference, where I spoke to the workers about public feeding end made the women take a leading part in that work. At the end of 1930 I was political head of our storm regiment, In May, 1931, the Regional Party Committee assigned me to work in the region. Thad to go round to the men no less than men! and Engels. Day! take my sewing machine and others | of paper, in case I should forget | village soviets and arrange women’s ‘THE EMERGENCE OF AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY PROLE- pire sth sass soon followed. my example. All | anything. | work meetings, day nurseries and *“TARIAT—Toward the study of the Application of Marxism-Leninism Edith Berkman, contracted our women used to spin the | It became easier afterwards, for | playgrounds and draw women into to the American Class Struggle—B tuberculosis as a result of the per- | evenings, except on Frid ch | I understood thu. there was no | social work. It is hard work, but MARXISM AND REVISIONISM—By V. I. Len secution of the bosses for her mili- was our for cleaning up and | need for me to do cll the work | that cannot be helped. We must ‘THE REVISIONISN OF SIDNEY HOOK—Continued—By Burl Browder. tant leadership of striking textile | baking. We organized our sewing | alone and that the whole village | all work for the Party and the THE STRUGGLE OF MARX AND ENGELS AGAINST THE OFS GR- workers, still faces danger of de- | circle on Fridays and it was there | soviet presidium wus there to help. | Soviet Government needs us wo- | ‘THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC CRISIS REVIEWS—New Reforms for Ok ‘By John Irving A review by Milton Howard, mass pressure of the working class cam gave be ‘af nursery. The teacher read about day nure 5 utive Committee for instructions and they would inform me sbouls Anna Tvanoyna Chepurnaya, * seem q ) Scene in a recent demonstration during the Mlinois mine where women took an active part conditiog with theft hy