The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 17, 1932, Page 4

Dail Worker’ Party USA Published by the Compredaity Publishing Ce., Ins, datty qxsxapt eT Freee oe ee Cree eit talephane tgoomean’ 7000. Coats “BORWOMME: Address and mall sheets to the Dally Worker, 9. 10th OL, Rew Yevt, RW. SUBECRIPTION One yesr, ix my of Manhatian snd x, New six months, $4.5 38 per y Socialist “Analysis” of Crisis--Aid to Capitalism S election y approaches and the militant mood of Amer- A ican workers is manifested ‘more and more in a whole series of united front struggles against the capitalist of- fensive, most of them organized and led by the Communist Party, the Socialist Party and its organ, “The New Leader”, use more and more the tactic of revolutionary sounding phrases. The latest issue of this publication announces: “That Machine God That Yokes Labor in Servitude Must be Yoked by Workers.” It is not of course the machine that “yokes labor in | ownership of the machine by capitalists and the en- | de by the STATE POWER of capitalism that cause } working cla . are enslaved by th “The machines have a surplus army of wo ae he machines heap of commodities. . . .” “The machines produce more than Thus writes “The New Leader”. . . . HERE is not a word of truth in all this. The machines produce no- thing. It is the workers who produce this “mountain of commodities.” Workers are not enslaved by machines. They are enslaved by capi- talism and its state—courts, police, spies, troops. In the Soviet Union, where the working class in alliance with the peasantry, headed by their Communist Party, conquered the capitalist ate, machines help to liberate the workers from backbreaking toil. ‘That Machine God,” says “The New Leader”, “lurks back of’ every sue in this political contest and yet the old party brokers | not and dare not face it.” nother lie, The Republican and Democratic parties face the jously but, with less hypocrisy than the Socialist Party; do not pretend to be protecting some abstraction like a “Machine Instead they say openly that capitalism is the best system for hat capitalism is in danger, that its state power is challenged sing tide of working class anger and determination. They con- and openly support vationalization—speed-up, mechanization, uts and a permanent army of unemployed as the means of beat- economic cannot, W This is issue quite hey ing down living standards and increasing the profits of the capitalists. fire at the “Machine God” and only | dentally mentions capitalism, About its state power and its role as ument for the suppression of the working class and its organiza- it says nothing. It wants workers to become angry at the “Machine The Socialist Party directs he tion: God The “New Leader” asks: “And how are we to remove the yoke im- PARTY LIFE Arizona --The Party After Seven Months INLY seven months ago Arizona was unknown quantity as far as the revolutionary movement is concerned. In January, 1932, there were no Party units, not a single Party member, nor any other branch of the revolutionary organ- izations, only a few readers of the Daily Worker. At present we have two Party units in Phoenix, one in Tucson and one Glendale, We are selling ten Daily Worke ers a day and 30 Western work. ers in Phoenix and 10 Daily Wevkers in Tucson, as well as other Party literature, In the last five months over 250 workers registered support of the Unemployed Council, which has several neighborhood councils. OBJECTIVE SITUATION ‘The main industries of Arizona, are copper and mining and agricul- ture. The copper industry, because of over production, is almost at a stand -still, All the mines which formerly employed over 1,000 miners are now either completely shut down (Inspiration Mine, Miami Copper, Old Dominion etc.), or operate with the maintenance crew only. The smelters in Miami, Globe, Morency and Bisbee are completely closed. In Douglas, where the smelters formerly employed over 800 workers, operate at present with only 40 workers. The few pennies that the miners saved up for a “rainy day” were stolen from them by the bankers, In Superior, Miami and Globe, the same week that the mines were shut down the banks closed their doors, nig See IN THE agricultural industry the conditions are just as miserable. In addition to the other evils of capitalism like high taxes, morte gages, usuary interest rates etc., there is in Arizona an additional problem of exorbitant cost of irri- gation from $4.00 to $22.00 (near Tucson). When the price went down to 6 cents per Ib. last year, thousands of farmers went bank- erupt, Even the Farm Buro admits that 50 per cent of Arizona farmers are on the verge of bankruptcy. The wages of agricultural workers are as low as 10 cents per hour, PARTY WEAK ORGAN- and not at capitalist government. IZATIONALLY ‘These are the objective conditions GRauK, D Oi KX, MONDAY, OCTOBER 17, Builders of Socialism in the U.S. S. R. By L. MARTIN Tee future looks very bright to the workers on the Soviet state farm “Voskhod.” All those with whom we spoke when we visited the farm were bursting with pride at what they had achieved in the few short years of the farm’s exis- tence. They were even more ex- pansive when it came to telling of what they were. going to do in the next few years. Tne name of this farm, which lies about half an hour's train ride from Leningrad, means “The Ascent.” Its 700 workers have made the name really mean some- thing, for the farm has grown and improved so rapidly that this year it has won a big red flag for over- fulfilling its yearly quota of pro- duction, The “Voskhod” workers were sure they were good enough to hold this flag against all compe- tition for it from other farms. WE ARRIVE AT THE FARM When we arrived we were greeted by the assistant director of the farm, the veterinarian, the cultural director and a number of workers who were not out in the fields for one reason or another. Every Soviet institution of any-~ size, whether farm, factory or what not, has a director of cultural: activities. For the capitalist conception of workers as just “hands” is quite foreign to the Soviet Union. The workers think rather of themselves as “heads.” Their cultural life (meet- ings, social and political activity, study classes, entertainments, etc.) is one of their first concerns in every factory and farm. a ad Que hosts told us about the flag right off the bat and took us to see it in the farm’s “Red Corner.” An AmericanWorker on a Soviet State Farm Life on Russian Collective Offers Sharp Con-/ trast to Growing Misery of U. S. Farmers posed by the Machine God upon the workers?” The yoke, you will no- tice, not of finance capital, not of the government of finance capital, but of the “Machine God”. “The New Leader” answers that the “Machine God” is to be deposed, as phrased in the Socialist Party platform: “Transform the principal industries of the country from private owner- ship and autocratic mencgement to social ownership and democratic control.” ENIN wrote in “The Proletarian Revolution and Kautsky the Rene- gade”: “Kautsky follows a typical petit-bourgeois, philistine policy; he imagines that by COINING a watchword he can change matters. The whole history of bourgeois democracy destroys this illusion; to deceive the people, the bourgeois democrats have always advanced and will con- tinue to advance all sorts of ‘slogans’. The point is to test their sin- cerity, to compare their actions with their words, not to be content with the PHRASEOLOGY of idealism and quackery, but to dig down to their ACTUAL CLASS CONTENT.” Measured by the Leninist yardstick the Socialist Party yapping about the “Machine God”, and their “slogan” quoted above is seen to be nothing but a proposal for government ownership—or control—of industry—under the present government of finance-capital. The Socialist Party and “The New Leader” carefully refrain from even hinting to workers that this program of “nationalization”, “Social- ization”, “government ownership”, or whatever it is called, will not change the basic fact of capitalist robbery of the working class. . * * N the contrary, such a program facilitates the extension of the con- trol of government by monopoly capitalism. In the United States it is easy to see that the closer weaving of government with industry (huge subsidies to railways and industriai corporations—and the banks which control them, the tem of “regulation” fhrough various commissions, etc.) does not give workers a larger share of the profits, or tend to demo- | cratize control, but that the direct entry of the biggest capitalists into | the government has resulted, as a corollary, in nationwide attacks on the working class. The Socialist Party slogan of “social ownership and democratic con- | trol” of industry helps Wall Street capital in the period of the worst crisis in the history of capitalism. This is the class content of the Socialist Party's phrase-mongering against the “Machine God”! “Breaking Homes!” |APITALISM and its masters claim that they are the pro- tectors of the home, motherhood, childhood and the family. This is to be seen from the speeches of, Hoover—whose Supreme Court rules that the child labor law is unconstitu- tional so that the sacred right of children to slave for greedy employers can be protected. The ceaseless anxiety of capital- ism’s agents, like the clerical fraternity, to protect the home and family, can be seen from their constant attacks upon the Communist Party which “breaks up the home.” No police official, fresh from the clubbing of strikers or unemployed, issuing a statement to the press on “the in- crease of crime”, ever forgets to blame “The Reds” for loosening home ties and “corrupting the youth.” (UT through the rifts in the capitalist structure creaking under the im- ‘pact of the world crisis the truth seeps out every once in a while. | ‘Such an instance is a headline in The New York Times for October 16: | “Broken Homes Laid to Loss of Work—Survey by Relief Committee | Shows 134 Per Cent Rise in Cases of Abandonment Since 1928.” ‘The figures are even more startling. New York City had 3,495 cases of abandonment, against 1,488 in 1928, according to the report of the director of the Emergency Work and Relief Bureau. We quote: “The ar- raignment statistics . . . represent only a small fraction of the actual | number of abandonments.” } Capitalism, which created the crisis with its ever-increasing millions | of unemployed, and its government which refuses relief, is driving the | youth of the nation to degradation and crime. “Last year young boys. | under 20 years of age were accused of 44 percent of all burglaries in New | York City and 46 percent of all the larcenies.” | The report quoted above states further | “Approximately 63 per cent of those arrested on félony charges | last year were unemployed, Almost one out of every four individuals ay pearing in police line-ups were youths between the ages of 16 and 20. “Few of these offenders were convicted of serious crimes. Most of them were formerly law-abiding citizens who had become demoralized as a result of extended unemployment. Their families have been broken up...” “Communism breaks up the home!” Remember the figures and statements from the records of one of capitalism’s own agencies (quoted here) the next time some capitalist, propagandist tells you that! . * '1HE COMMUNIST PARTY does not advocate breaking up workers’ homes. Neither does it approve of burglary and theft to replace jobs and unemployment relief. It advocates the united front of all workers and disciplined mass organization for struggle on all fronts against the terrible effects of the crisis upon the working class and for the breaking that the C.P. has to work in. Have we equalled our task in this favorable situation? By no means! In spite of the spontaneous achievements that the Party and Unemployed Council have made in the brief pe- riod of the last seven months, for instance; the May Day demonstra- tion of 2,000 workers, mass demon- stration in front of the state capitol, Maricopa County Hunger March of 400 on June 29; Fostér’s meeting of 1,500 the same day, collecting 2,000 names and officially placing the Party on the ballot in Arizona, yet from the organizational stand point, we are still very weak. | MAIN. SHORTCOMINGS ‘The Section Committee,which was organized recently, is still inexpe- rienced and lacks in intiative and firmness in action, The attend- ance of the unit meetings and the dues payments is very low in com- parision with the number of Party applicants. The Party units, es- pecially the new ones in Phoenix, lack leadership and initiative, the Unemployed Councils’ attendance has also dwindled gown during the summer months, and in the main | experiences the same organizational | shortcomings as the Party units do. There is almost no difference be- tween the Party and the Unem- ployed Council leadership, which is very wrong, if the latter is to be- come a mass organization with de- finite tasks to perform. All these weaknesses and shotcomings are a result of the fact that the Party organization is still very young in Arizona. TASKS OF PARTY First. and foremost to establish a firm and capable section lead- ership. To develop the inintiative and promotion to leadership of new cadres of functionaries, by giving Laying the great oil pipe line which connects Baku with Batum—the Caspian with the Black Sea. Communism Is Only Way Out, Says Norton, Va., Editor them responsible jobs in the units. To establish Party training classes in the cities where Party units ex- ist. To encourage every member to attend these classes and to read the Party literature. Nia Ses ITH the coming of the winter months the. suffering of the unemployed will increase greatly. The Unemployed Councils should be immediately organized and be placed on the correct basis of Block Committees. To promote to the leadership rank and file workers, who are not yet Party members. | To organize in the coming three months at least 20 Block Commit- tees (10 in Phoenix, 5 in Tucson and 5 in new towns.) Every Party unit must take the initiative in or- ganiaing the Block Committees in its own territory—to interconnect | the work among the unemployed | with the Election campaign. We must organize an intensive drive throughout the state for the general elections, send out various candidates to every important town in the state to address mass meet- ing and to build “Vote Communist Clubs.” To distribute at least 25,- 000 of the Party State Election Platform, Our slogan during this | campaign must be: at least 2,000 votes for our candidates, 50 new Party members. E MUST also reeive to estab- lish functi> ag branches of the Young Ccimmunist League, the International Labor Defense, the ‘Trade Union Unity League, League of Struggle for Negro Rights, as well as groups among the Spanish speaking workers. These tasks are not too big in view of the existing conditions and the readiness of the masses to struggle. The Section convention is confident that with cooperation up and complete overthrow of capitalism and its slave and starvation | system, to be replaced by a Workers’ and Farmers Government manag- ing industry and agriculture in the interests of the working class. The Communists fight for homes for every worker and worker's family, plenty to eat and wear, jobs for all at good wages—at the expense of the capitalists, The capitalists and their system break up the worker's homes—by their fight for profits at the cost of more andmore misery, for. rahe nd ont > 4 ‘ t of the District Committee and the mobilization of the entire Party membership, we will be able to overcome all our weaknesses and shortcomings, and will go forward with Bolshevik determination to- ward the establishment of mass “Republican and Democratic Parties Two Wings of Same Bird of Prey--Capitalism,” Says Bruce Crawford; ‘Socialist Party Decoy for Capitalism” (The writer of this article is Editor of “Crawford’s Weekly,” of Norton, Va, He was shot in the leg by thugs of the Harlan County. Ky. coal operators during the strike last year because of his aggressive defense of the miners’ struggle.) apn By BRUCE CRAWFORD ORN a Republican, nursed by Virginia “democracy,” and for a time smitten with a calf-love for the Socialist Party, I have come to see that Communism is the ul. timate realism, the deadliest foe of capitalism—else capitalism would not fight it more bitterly than it fights anything else. I am for Foster and Ford, the Communist candidates for Presi- dent and Vice-President. I am for the Communist program in the rest of the world, because it is a work- ing-class movement. Any other program, any other movement, is destined te confusion worse con- founded. SOCIALIST PARTY— CAPITALIST DECOY As has been said before, the Republican and Democratic parties are two wings of the same bird, capitalism. It is now quite appar- ent, to all who read newspapers and the “respectable” magazines, that the Socialist Party is being played up by capitalism as a decoy for those disillusioned with the two major parties, It is hoped by the capitalists that those who jump out | of the Democratic Party, in their disgust with Hoover, will land no farther to the left than the Social- ist Party. Anything to keep» the workers and impoverished middie- class from turning to Communism PECIFICALLY, LT am for Com. munism begause it offers a way out for a beaten down, impover-~ ished and disfranchised working- class as manages barely to exist here in Virginia, on the farms no less than in the industrial sections. I do not believe that in Czarist Russia, at its worst, there was a more destitute and exploited pro- letariat than is to be found in the coalfields of Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia, all within a radius of 100 miles from, my own home town, Relief. agen- cies admit that the distress ih Wise county, heart of Virginia coalfield, is greater than anywhere else in Virginia. This human degradation, this impoverishment of coal min- ers and farm hands, is in a county” known as “the richest in the state in resources and industry.” Millions of tons of coal have been mined out by these ruined workers and the wages caught back by the com- pany stores where trade is more or less compulsury; millions of dollars in profits have gone to Philadel- phia and New York capitalists for these resources—formerly owned by the native “hill-billies,” and little is being left but mounting taxes, middle class that is joining an al- |veady pauperized laboring class. Faced with this situation, what are the agents of Philadelphia and New York capitalists doing? They are cutting wages and obiaining yvernment flour and “reconstvuc- funds for the victims of this industrialization, which was sup- posed to improve the lot of all, In short, they are letting the workers and poor taxpayers bear the brunt of a situation resulting from cap. italist exploitation everywhere. And simultaneously with the qistribu- tion of this relief, the owners have gunmen and have had them depu- tized by the county sheriff. It is a starvation progarm at best, and it means degradation for thousands who inearlier times were known for their “traditional American spirit of independence and self-reliance.” eee age 3 y=. the resources are being mined out and the people are being impoverished because nothing is be- ing left but holes in the hills, worn- out machinery, broken-down mules, and public bonded indebtedness ne- cessitating increased tax burdens further reductions in wages. Be- cause the county government is nearly bankrupt, the public health department has been abolished and this at a time when the diseases of starvation are more prevalent than ever before. Teachers’ salaries are being still further reduced. The richest industrial region of Virginia now bids fair to be the poorest, thanks to Morgans, Rockefellers, Insulls. There remains terrifically exploited small farmers, disillusion- | ed school teachers, and a laboring class every bit as worked out as some of the hills that have been honeycombed for coal. Sele oe ULD Communism do worse? From all I hear‘about the con- ditions under which miners work in Soviet Russia, and from what I know about the Communist prog- ram, I say the conditions in the mines, in the factories, and on the farms of this country are eloquent of the need for socialization as may be achieved only by a reyolu- tior working-class aided by re- volutionary intellectuals, And just as the bankers are allied internationally insofar as suppres- sion of working-class revolt is con- cerned, so must the world’s masses unite and p nt the challenge of a formidable solidarity, Since the Communist Party is internationally allied, it is important that Amer- ican workers rally to its candidates in the coming election. FOR A SOVIET AMERICA ‘The workers and all intellectuals sick of the capitalist system and its cemoralization should, by their vote for Foster and Ford, speak out emphatically and boldly against wage-cuts, evictions capitalist ter- ror, ruination of small farmers, starvation of ex-servicemen, pitting of Negroes and white against each other for their own exploitation, and imperialist war; and for un- employment and social insurance at the expense of the state and employers; relief for poor farmers without restrictions by the govern- ment and banks, and a determined fight henceforth for the emancipa- tion of the workers and the estab- lishment of Soviet America. . . AM for Communism—for Foster and Ford—not only as a protest, against capitalist demoralization and -poyerty, but as an affirmation of life. Communism seems to me vo offer the only way for man- kind. Capitalism corrupts and des. troys while Communism exhilerates ‘and creates, Communism is the only genuine dedication to human values in the world today. - Comrade Voters! By GEORGE JARRBOL. Hey, you weary and workworn guys! Dare to lift your heads and open your eyes! Feast your souls on the banner flaming in the ski With the names of Foster and Ford! Job-insurance, roof for your head, Peace to the world, and for every kid bread, That's what you demand when you ballot for a Red, L ke our leaders, Foster and Ford! Steel men, field men brown as the land, Now your eyes are open you'll take your stand, You'll vote for freedom, mark the ballot in your hand \ Big, “X” next to. “Kosten” and “Kord"!, 44, Here we found an attractive fur- nished room with books, magazines, papers, radio and other features of a Soviet workers’ social center. In the same building was the hall where the farm workers meet regu- larly to manage their own affairs. Before showing us around the farm, our friends told us the inter- esting story of its organization. It was started by the workers of a certain big factory in Leningrad. They decided to do their bit toward. placing Soyiet agriculture on an efficient, socialized basis, and at the same time to provide themselves with a source of fresh vegetables, milk, meat and other country prod- ucts. Accordingly they found a good use for some of the surplus capital their hard work had pro- duced. NO RESTRICTION ON PRODUCTION There aren’t any capitalists in the Soviet Union to grab off the profits, of course, so there is plenty of reason why workers should pro- duce all they can. Any surplus wealth they produce—after meeting wages, cost of raw material and all other reguluar expenses of their of all. Part of it, of course, goes into the “common seck,” benefiting them as Soviet citizens. But a good share is also immediately available to their particular group. They may decide to put it into starting or improving a factory restaurant, into building a big new apartment house for themselves, into clubs and social centers, or, as these workers did, into organizing a farm to supply themselves with fresh food direct from the country. So these Leningrad factory work- ers became the “patrons,” as it were of the farm “Voskhod.”| They sup- plied it with initial capital, farm machinery and organizers. The cultural’ director, for instance, had been a worker in this particular factory for 20 ‘years, we learned, before being appointed to his pres- ent job, o/°e 8 'HERE is no chance, in such an arrangement, of this group of factory workers becoming collective capitalists. They can’t repeat the sad history of some American pro- ducers’ cooperatives, where the original cooperators have evolved into’ exploiters employing other workers for their own profit. For the farm “Voskhod” is not “their property to do as they please with,” after the barbarous capitalist fash- ion, It belongs to the Soviet gov- ernment (i. e., to the whole toiling population of the Soviet Union), and the farm workers have similar ; Tights in. running their farm to those of factory workers in running their plant. In fact, Soviet state farms like the “Voskhod” are or- ganized along very similar lines to Soviet factories in most respects. (The state farms are not to be con- fused with the kolhholz or collective farms, where peasants of a certain district band together to do in com- mon, and on a far larger and more efficient scale, what they have pre- viously been trying to do as indi- viduals, Both state..farms and collective farms are being organized on a huge scale at the present time in the Soviet Union.). REWARDS FOR INITATIVE ‘There is, however, a very definite reward for initiative and enterprise in the Soviet Union, as we discov- ‘ saw the excellent supply of farm enterprise—is used for the benefit | ered when we toured the farm and | TOWARDS THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF —$—<—<— << THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION uJ ——$—_——$—$——— ne had won the highest honors for good work for three years running. She received a bonus for her extra productivity, a badge of honor and various privileges. But she seemed proudest of all of her badge. For she understood what it means to be in the vanguard of the great work being done in the Soviet Union, To win the title of “udarnik” and the honors and privileges that go with it, a worker must ‘not only set a high mark as a producer but he must also show by his social activ- ity that he knows what it is all about. He must show that he is worthy to be a leader in the strug- gle to build up Socialism in the Soviet Union. * 8 NOTHER worker. we met had just returned from He had been an ordinary farm la- borer, but had shown a special in- terest and ability in farm problems, So he had been sent away to study. Not only were all his expenses paid, but he received pocket money as well while he studied, and his fam- iiy were provided for during his absence. If ever there was a “land of opportunity” it is the Soviet Union _ today. Everywhere the search ‘goes on for any workers who show ability for more skilled work, or leadership in any particu- lar field. There is nothing to hold down those who have. Lack of money does not sentence a man for life to work for which he is not fitted, as it does in capitalist Amer- ica. WORKING CONDITIONS As to working conditions on this farm, there was no “sun-up to sun- down and the chores in your spare time,” as on American farms. The workers all belong to the union and have union conditions. Hours are eight a day, and every sixth day is a day of rest, If overtime is sometimes necessary — at harvest time, for instance—time and a half is paid, and the number of hours overtime any worker may put in is strictly limited. Wages have been steadily increased and now average close to those of a Soviet factory worker (unlike the United States where farm wages average about half those of factory workers, ac- cording to government statistics). “What happens to the seasonal workers here?” I asked one of the directors. In my mind was a pic- ture of the American “harvest stiff” —the jobless, penniless worker who must. bum his way on freight trains, often for thousands of miles, to find at most a few months work, after which he is back in the ranks of the penniless city unemployed once his small harvest earnings are spent. I thought that even here it must be pretty tough on these workers, laid off in the fall until they landed other jobs. “Well, we naturally employ sev- eral hundred fewer workers in, the winter than in the summer,” he re- plied. “But we never lay off a single worker until arrangements haye been made for another job. So it’s just a matter of changing from one job to another.” Ree ie 'HE future looks very black to striking farmers in the Ameri- can Middle West, to harvest hands facing a bitter winter of unemploy- ment, to California fruit-pickers who are terrorized and jailed if they attempt to organize, to Negro share-croppers in the South, to’ the drought-stricken farm populations of Arkansas and Colorado. In fact, the last place one would look for optimism today is in any of the farm homes of America. The only toilers of the land who can look to the future with any such justified confidence as the workers of the farm “Voskhod” are those who can see beyénd capitalism, those who are joining hands with the work- ing class in the struggle to overs throw it. IN U.S. S. R. Allowing for all the differences between agricultural conditions in the Soviet Union and the United States, for the different standards of the American farmer and the Russian peasant, for all the other factors that make comparison diffi- cult, there is one big reason why the American farm toiler is on the downgrade everywhere, while his Soviet brother finds his standards rising every year and sees the fu ture big with hope. In our decaying social system, power is in the hands of bankers and capitalists. They squeeze their profits from the farmer when they Joan him‘the money he must have to operate, when they sell him farm machinery and when they buy his products. And the more capi- talism decays, the harder they bear down on him. But in the Soviet Union these parasites have been wiped off the map. No one stands between the toilers and the fruits of their toil. The problem is now merely one of organizing produc- tion so efficiently that these fruits may be abundant enough to insure a good living for all, FARMERS—VOTE COMMUNIST! American farm producers have every reason in the world for voting | Communist in the coming election, for only in alliance with the revo- lutionary working class have they a year’s course at an agricultural college. } STANDARDS RISING } products going to these Leningrad | any hope of overthrowing this cap- factory workers, in return for their | italist system that is strangling machinery and organizational help, | them. One of the first workers we met Wf CaS erat when we started to look around (Tomorrow: A Visit to Workers’ was an “udarnik,” or shock bri- | and Children’s Rest Homes near __. gader, 2 woman of about 50 who Leningrad) = : z