The Daily Worker Newspaper, July 4, 1932, Page 4

iy 9 i Page Four eed = 'W YORK, MONDAY, JULY 4, 1932 —— Published by the Comprodaily Publishing Co., Inc., daily excxept Sunday, at 50 E, 18th St., New York City, N. ¥. ‘Telephone ALonquin 4-7956. Cable “DAIWORK.' Address and mail checks te the Daily Worker, 50 E. 18th St, New York, N. ¥. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By mail everywhere: One year, $6; six months, $3; Borough of Manhattan and Bronx, New York City. six months, $4.50. two months, $1; excepting Foreign: one year, $8; Towards August First AST week saw a tremendous sharpening of the economic crisis and, with it, the drive of the imperialist bandits for armed intervention against the Soviet Union, the only e world where theré is no crisis and no unemployment. Ye: pers catried-an.open call list. action to.“‘crush- the by the Japanese war mongers for joint imperi Soy et Union”. risis Austria, Hungary, were forced to default on nperialist powers. The untries is threatening out the whole world. stern European countr yments on outstanding deb + the go nent economy collapse of capitalist economy to the hro isie has become more des- more open fascist dictator- united front with world of the bourge g in nereased drive fo t the toiling German masses and for t{ the Soviet Union sition he government is facing a deficit of over five million of its huge war expenditt and its loans to its vassal , Rumania, etc., to finance their war preparations against inion. its robber war on China—a war that was “to bring ‘the crisis has taken on the charac stics of a ver- ‘ophe. T! is reflected in a huge adverse ie balance of he drying up of export trade as a result of the anti-Japanese he Chinese people and the general worsening of the crisis list world. Yen exchange dropped last week to a s compared with normal exchange of 49.80. an, despite back itable $77,000,000, boye , the Wall Street Government faces a deficit of almost. ree billion “ollars, as a result of its huge war appropriations, the in- ereasi: ids on the treasury by desperate industrialists and big bankers (Dawes, e , who at the same time resist all demands of the starving unemployed millions and part time workers for relief and social insurance. Bank failures are rapidly increasing. Unemployment is mounting, already ching the gigantic figure of fifteen million. American industry continues to deteriosate. Starvation deaths and suicides are increasing and can no ‘onger be covered up by the government and bourgeois press. At the vonver Republican and Democratic parties, the in- skillfully placed in the background although > center of the stage. The prohibition issue was inds of the masses off the real issues of the fight nt against imperialist war. These conventions both h out a war-time president, the Republicans renominating r and War President, Hoover, and the Democrats nominating elt, former Secretary of the Navy in the Wilson War ration and proud participant in the rape and occupation of Black Haiti by American imperialism. The Socialists in their convention supplemented the war preparations of the bosses, attempting to hide the si er significance of the new policy of the imperialists of a “peaceful” transitinn into war, in order to impede and hamper the anti-war activities of the yroletariat. ‘The Lausanne debt conference, the Geneva “disarmament” confer- ence, have served only the more completely to expose the hypocrisy of the capitalist statesmen, the bankruptcy of the capitalist system and the sharpening antagonisms between the imperialist brigands with their developing united front against the Chinese people and the Soviet Union. ‘The Lausanne Conference is admittedly on the rocks. The sham “arms cut” proposals so dramatically put forward by the Hoover Hunger and War Government have been rejected by Japan and opposed by France and England. The Hoover proposals aimed to strengthen Wall Street im- perialism at the expense of its rivals, and thus, like the proposals of the other imperialist powers calling for disarming—of their rivals!—was clev- erly calculated for rejection while seeking to receive the toiling masses who ate opposed to war. The criminal plans of the imperialists for a “peaceful growing into” war against the Soviet Union have been retarded thus far the unbending peace policy of the Soviet Union and by the vigilance of the international proletariat. The anti-war actions of the American and European workers have shown the capitalist enemy that they have a new force to deal with, that for the first time in history the proletariat is organizing against war, against the extension of the imperialist war which has already begun in Manchuria. The heroic anti-war struggles of the revolutionary Jap- nese workers and peasants against the undeclared war on China has spread consternation among the Japanese ruling class. The world proletariat is showing its power to retard the war plans of the criminal imperialist war mongers. But the deepening crisis is in- @xeasing the desperation of the imperialists. ‘ fhe Japanese are coming closer to the Soviet borders. The shipment of =:ms to the Japanese is growing. The slanders and provocations against the Soviet Union is rising. The white guards are ever busier in their das- tardly work. The American imperialism continues its arms shipments and calculated policy of provoking war against the Soviet Union. The imperialists are turning more and more to war as a quick escape from the crisis—at the expense of the life blood of the toiling masses, at the expense of the victories of the working class in the Soviet Union, at the expense of the further enslavement of the home workers and the colo- nial masses. The proletariat must sharpen its struggle against the war inciters. Augus”, First must witness another giant outpouring into the streets of the toiling masses. The August First demonstrations against imperialist war must r each broader masses than ever before, drawing tens of thou- sands from ihe factories, rallying the local organizations of the American Feceration of Labor, reaching such honest proletarians as are still mis- lead by the Socialist Party. The fight against war, for the defense of the working class, of the Chinese people, of the Soviet Union, must take on the character of tre- |mendous mass actions, of a relentless struggle against the war mongers, for the stopping of the manufacture and shipment of munitions against China and the Soviet Union, for the turning over of all war funds to the unemployed fcr relief and social insurance. August First must be a big mass action in the election drive of the Communist Party. Roosevelt and Demagogy F. THE nomination of, Roosevelt for the Presidency, Capitalism calculates it has a candidate who can keep the masses trapped within the two- ; party system and stem the tide of revolutionary indignation which is , ising throughout the country. “Liberalism versus radicalism,” writes | Roosevelt on his banner. “Liberalism’—which stands for the safety “of ‘our institutions.” This slogan clearly exposes the purpose of the Roosevelt nomination. Hoover has become discredited with the masses. His promises and ' performances in the interests of capitalism have become a by-word in ‘every ‘working-class household. He has shown himself to be a notorious tool of the Wall Street interests. If capitalism is to succeed im driving down the standards of the masses and preparing for imperialist war, it needs a liberal screen, a figurehead behind which it can conceal its barbaric aims. Roosevelt fits in with this role. With his pompous speeches to side- track the masses, capitalism will feel safer in carrying through its attack against the working class. Against this “liberal” cover for reactionary capitalism, the sharpest »struggle must be carried forward. The “progressives” of the Republican party will throw their support to this capitalist tool. The socialists will offer “criticism,” though they helped to create the fiction that he is a Progressive by hailing his arbitration schemes as serving the interests of the workers of New York. ' The best way to expose the sham progressivism of Roosevelt and to \prevent the masses falling for the cunning trickery of the bosses is to \intensify a hundredfold the mass struggle against the capitalist attacks and leading the fight against imperialist war. The greatest danger to the working class today is the vicious demagogues of the capitalist class, those openly in the ranks of the capitalist parties and those parading as leaders of the working class— phe A. F. of L. oticials and the Socialists. The fight against them must not only the form of agitational exposure but especially struggle, by CAPITALIST BIRDS OF A FEATHER! mith Ritchie Walker gem Roosevelt Gurren. : “C'mon, Franklin Delano, step out in front of that guy and try to look honest!” « By BURCE Sowing By ANNA LOUISE STRONG 'HE use of the aeroplane in farm- ing in’ the Soviet Union may make in the near future changes as great as those made in the past few years by the tractor. Such at least is the opinion of many Soviet farm experts, as a result of the experiments in aeroplane-sowing made during the past year. Tulaikov, vice-president of the Lenin Academy of Agricultural Science, goes so far as to say: “The entrance of the aéroplane into farming causes us to view agricul- tural technique from an entirely new standpoint.” Though the aeroplane has been used for several years in the U. S. S. R. as an aid to farming in the fight against pests, its first use in sowing was through the advice of an American, Professor Sterneman, who came on two years’ leave of absence from the chair of agricul- tural economics in the University of California, to work for the Grain | Trust in its organization of large scale farms, Rice Experiments While helping to organize the agricultural experiment station and school at Verblud in the Caucasr's, Sterneman called attention to tie use of aeroplanes in California for the sowing of rice. During his second year of work for the Grain Trust, he was transferred to the Kuban for rice experiments. The first modest experiment, covered only 182 acres. It was found that an aeroplane took 40 to 50 seconds to sow one hectare, or Somewhat less than 20 seconds per acre. This replaced the usual backbreaking labor of the rice- fields, where men all day long bent over in the water. The result, as shown by the autumn harvest, was 44.16 centners per hectare, instead of the 35 cent- ners obtained through the usual sowing methods. Sowing by plane has several prac- tical advantages. In no other way can rice-sowing be so easily mech- anized. ‘Tractor farming is largely inapplicable, due to the necessary flooding of the fields. As a result of last year’s experi- ment some 7,500 acres are being sown to rice this year by plane, @ hundredfold increase. Meantime, the use of the aeroplane for sowing has been extended to other cultures. Turning Desert Green ‘T kind of cultures can be most successful sown by aero- plane, asks Dunin in a long article in “Izvestia.” First, those which do not demand that the seed be placed under the soil or that it be dis- tributed with great exactness. This includes many fodder grasses, clover,. alfalfa, vetch, timothy, drought-resisting oats, etc. Thege cultures are further adapted to aeroplane sowing from the fact that their seeds are light in weight (five and twenty kilo- grams seed a hectare) so that the ‘plane can cover a considerable acreage on each flight. The sowing of such grasses from the air was done on an experimen- tal scale Jase year and is being greatly extended this year in regions as far apart as Leningrad and Lower Volga. Aeroplane sow- ing seems also well adapted to spreading fodder grasses into hitherto virgin regions, and to enriching the mountain pasture meadows. Over 17,000,000 acres of unprod- uctive desert lands lie along the Lower Volga, through the North Caucasus and Kazakstan. It is a by Airplane in USSR Turning Vast Deserts Into Green Pasture Lands region condemned by nature: thru the slow retreat of the glacial age, to increasing dryness. But botanists and irrigation ex- perts as well as practical catlemen are well aware of several grasses these grasses has spread steadily though slowly into these deserts. Last year some 250,000 acres of former desert were sown to “sand oats.” Now the aeroplane intro- duces a new method whereby desert regions can be rapidly made. green enough to graze sheép and cattle. Last autumn nearly 10,000 acres of sandy désert were sown with “sand oats” from the air. This autumn the North Caucasus alone : Homeless in the Rain Contempt of a Capitalist City for the Scbless i world what he thought of the city of “brothely love”. “It’s a lousy town that can’t let a fella flop in a vacant factory.” Slandering the Jobless. The city officials laid the grounds for this ruthless eviction of the homeless through a series of pub- lic utterances of slander against the unemployed, Our labor hating mayor frequent- ly boasted before the rich bankers that the city of Philadelphia had no unemployed. Later on in view of an avalance of severe criticism, the Mayor's Director of Public Welfare, Mr. Woodruft, saw fit or rather was instructed to modify the mayor's original data on un- employment. In a statement to the press Mr. Woodruft recorded that statistics do reveal that some workers are without jobs, but over sixty percent are lazy and would not take a job “if it was brought to them on a silver platter.” Demand Unused Buildings. Of course the city could provide for these men with ease. Mr. Woodruft, the director of Public Welfare, secures a salary of over $12,000 dollars per year. There are at least ten other city officials whose salaries run into five figures, Certainly these city officials could have adequately lodged these two hundred and fifty men if they had not regarded them as worse than “dogs”. The city could have placed them in the tens of thousands of homes that the city seized from which can grow in such places, chief among these being a variety of drought-resisting oats, known as “sand oats.” grown not for seed for fodder. For the past 25 years the use of By JAMES WATSON (Philadelphia. ‘(OU ARE worse than dogs... You ought to be taken to the middle of the ocean and drowned”, shouted Magistrate O. Hara, a lead- ing figure in the corrupt Repub- lican administration to a group of jobless workers whom the city po- lice had arrested for demanding bread at a demonstration. Some of the liberals were of the opinion that the magistrate was speaking as an individual and that the benevolent republican adminis- tration certainly had no such cruel ideas about the unemployed, Last Tuesday about a week ago the city exhibited in deeds its of- ficial position towards the jobless, The city evicted the jobless from the municipal shelter. An army of destitute men of all description, young and old, black and white, were ordered to vacate the city shelter house by force. Not A Quarter In the Group. ‘These men were up against un- describable hardships. Not twenty- five cents could be found ia the pockets of the entire group. The city had selected a bitter raining night for the eviction. The men roamed around the streets like Stray dogs, Many of them stricken with fear that the police would pounce upon them and frame them for robbery. One man more than fifty years of age, was heard to murmur in a Pathetic voice: workers through sheriff sales or into the hundreds of empty rooms in Y.M.C.A,’s, hotels and empty apartments. But what can one expect from corrupt capitalist officials who have such brazen contempt for the job- less. “God where can I go... Oh, if it would only stop raining, 1 could sleep in the park,” ‘There was another fellow, a mere youngster maybe, he was twenty- one, was bubbling with rage, this youngster was telling the whole boxes. She goes to work at 7 o'cluet in the morning but I sleep till 10 o'clock, As we have nobody else in our fam- ily, I tidy the room myself and have my breakfust. I do my lessons and then go for a walk or a skate, and then to school, which is 5 minutes walk away. At school in the second interval there is lunch. We get meat balls and potatoes, which costs 16 kopeks, but some children get lunches free. These are children from big families. Good bye till I receive a lette: from you. With comradely greetings, JENIA SHAMAEVA. Moscow Pioneers Want to Hear from School Kids inAmerica eee Moscow, U,. S. 5. R. Dear Comrades:— My name is Jenia shamaeva and I am 10 years old. I want to cor- respond with you. I will first tell you about myself and how I live. I am in the 6th Factory School of South Moscow. Our school is open” three shifts; morning 9 to 1, afternoon 2 to 6, and in the evening from 6 to 12 for adults. e T live in a worker's family. My mother is a worker and works in a factory where she makes cardboard’ ‘Tverskaya 48, Room 12, Moscow. * plans to sow 100,000 acres. In fact the programme for meat production of the Second Pyatiletka now includes extensive use of aero- plane sowing in order to secure the fodder grasses needed over wide new areas, On Grain Sowing It might be thought that aero- plane-sowing is not applicable to grain or industrial crops, which re- quire either the buying of the seed in the soil, or else a more accurate, even distribution than can be easily secured from the air. Yet under certain conditions it pays to use aeroplanes for grain sowing. The dry districts of the U. S. S. R. have a very short sowing season. Early sowing before the dry winds take moisture from the soil is of great importance for har- vest yield. A gain of even four or five days in early sowing often increases yield 15 or 20 per cent. Now, at the x.oment when the snow melts, there is a period, often of several days, when the ground is too wet and muddy to work in the ordinary manner. Peasants have found that the mere casting of seed on the soil at such times, rather than waiting till the “seed- ers” can function often gives re- turns which compensate for the extra labor, The send sinks into rapidly drying mud, and the lack of eveness in the cast is more than cempensated by the extra moisture obtained by early planting. For such conditions, aeroplane sowing is clearly indicated as a possibility. Experiments have been made this spring, some 20,000 acres having been sown to spring wheat. in Uzbekistan alone, and consider- able areas in other regions. Pre- liminary results seem to justify the ; sowing of some scores of thousands of acres ‘his autumn in a similar manner to winter wheat. Even with flax, which demands accuracy in the placing of. .seed, experiments in aeroplane ‘sowing have been made this spring, in the hope that the lack of exactness in seed placing may be compensated by the fact that sowing can. take place before roads and fields have dried enough for ordinary sowing. In this case, two crops in one sea- son become possible. Some Difficulties © ‘There are many difficult problems raised by aeroplane sowing., Chief among these is the unevenes of seed scattering. The wheat sown on one farm in Uzbekistan varied from four to 198 grain: per square metre! Much technies! improvements is clearly called for, and work is pro- ceeding in the direction of making seed-scaterers more perfect, adapted te special types of seed, easily at- taciable and detachable. Considerable work must ‘also be done in: preparing landing places and in developing aeroplanes of a size which can work for some dis- tances without stopping. The future plans, now under con- sideration not only by agricutural experts but also by the Osoaviak- him, forsee an almost year round use of aeroplane in farming. Be- ginning in the south, they will fol- low the sowing season north. Then they will turn to: the work of spraying, grasshopper fighting, etc. It is not: surprising that far- seeing experts of the Agricultural’ rica speak of “an entirely new view of agriculture” thus obtained from thea, we | BACK TO THE LAND BUNCOMBE ~ The Bankruptcy of Capitalist Relief Activities By I. AMTER, ENRY FORD, the man who claims to have revolutionized the “auto industry, the man who was going to get the boys out of | the trenches by Christmas, 1917, by. means of a “Peace Ship,” the man who despite the closing down of his big plants in the year 1921, -still “earned” 55 million dollars in profits, has a remedy for the eccn- omic crisis. Faced with the appall- ing unemployment situation of 15 million unemployed, he proposes the back-to-the-land movement. Coming from the mouth of dema- gogues, it is spreading in many states of the country. This is nothing new. In England, the late Labor Government thought it could also solve the unemploy- ment situation by gathering toge- ther hundreds of miners and tex- tile workers and giving to them a “preliminary training” in Eng- land, and shipping them to | Canada. The British Labor Goy- ernment had-made an agreement with the Canadian government for the parceling out of certain areas to these farmers, and the advance of a certain sum for the purchase of machinery, etc. The miners and textile workers remained a short time, and then demanded that the Canadian government ship .them back to England: Mr. Selfridge, a “self-made” Amer- ican London merchant, in May of this year, also saw the possibility of adjusting the situation by a movement back to the land. He declared, “that about 200,000 miners in’ Wales now unemployed would never again be employed in the mines, for the reason that there is already too much coal.” He stated further, “With a state of overproduction in almost every big field of activity, we cannot reason- ably expect that, except for oc- casional booms, there will ever be work enough to go around in the highly developed, intensely civilized countries of the world. The big cities are quite incapable of giving work again to these unemployed.” Mr. Selfridge forgot one fact: That there has been no draught, no un- derproduction of food supplies, but on the contrary, an overproduction, a glutting of the markets, and therefore the return of the workers of the cities to the land who will never again be employed, will mean | tions for financing corporations in! still greater production of food | the event of war. 1 supplies, Lege ] * * 8 'HE WORKERS must see through | ENRY FORD, however, went fur- ‘these schemes of the capitalists, ther. He not only advocated a | and accept the fact from the mouth return of the workers to the land, | of the capitalist representative but he even set up a small Jim- | himself, namely that the back to Crow colony in Michgan. What | the land movement will not help, is Henry Ford’s idea? “The use | but on the contrary will merely of the land is the best form of un- | sharpen the situation among the’ employment insurance.” This is a | farmers. The mere fact that farm! lie in the face of it. With hun- | property has dropped in value from! dreds of thousands of farmers | 80 billion dollars to 57 billion dck Jeaving the farm with their fami- | lars, a drop of more than 20 bil- lies for the cities because they can- | lion dollars is an indication that not live; with farmers unable to | this is merely an attempted escape send their children to school for | of the capitalists from the obliga- lack of clothing, shoes, etc.; with | tions that they must be compelled farmers being compelled to allow | to carry out. No back to the land their crops to rot in the field be- | movement! No talk of hundreds of cause they cannot find any markets | thousands of workers who never for them; with farmers in the South | again will see the inside of the who were forbidden in several | factory! The workers must demand states to raise cotton for a whole | adequate unemployment relief and year because of oversupply in the | Unemployment T@surance at the market—this means not unem@oy- | expense of the employers and the ment insurance, but stark st. va- | government. The workers must de- tion for them. mand a 7-hour day, with no reduc- In Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Neb- | tion in pay. This and other meas- raska, in entire counties of the | ures will either’ give the workers Dakotas, Minnesota and Montana, | jobs, or provide them with relief according to Mauritz Hollgren, | and insutance because they have “There are thousands of grain | no jobs as a result of the economic growers and hog raisers receiving | crisis. This is the platform of the public charity. . . . some of the | Communist Party that the work- farmers are renters who are paying | ers must organize and fight for. The no rent. The landlords do not dis- | back-to-the-land \moyement must Posess them as they find that pay- | not take place. ing tenants are almost impossible te, | find... . On the.other hand, the; farmers have been economizing by going back to their horse drawn implements, keeping their tractors! in the sheds.” Any answer to this crisis of the farmers, which has existed for 11 years, such as Ford gives, namely, that “the farmer has had a hard time, but he is about the only citizen shrewder and ‘smarter than} the banker” is simply laughing at) the misery of the farmer, and con- tradicts Ford's very theory of the! return to t he land, f OVERNOR ROOSEVELT, not to’ be outdone in demagogy by Henry Ford, also has begun a back to land movement. Two hundred and forty-four farmers have been es- tablished on farms, and Roosevelt has called upon owners of idle land in the State “to support their pro- ject by offering their property for; this usage in the emergency.” This! is again more bunk, which flies in the face of the economic facts, and is m¢rely an attempt at a short-cut out of a situation which must be faced frankly. The back to the land movement is a sign of the bank- ruptcy of the capitalists who are determined not to furnish relief for the unemployed, but who are} fighting with all energy against un-! employment insurance. This flies: in the face of a statement of the: Agricultural Department of the State of Pennsylvania, which repu-,* diates the return of the land move- ment on the grounds that there is an oversupply, and this will mean merely further illusions for the! workers who are put on the land.; Bankruptcy cries out from every’ measure that the capitalists have’ undertaken in the matter of re- lief—bankruptcy and fake move- ments for relief that enable them! to build up their politica? machine and to prepare for war. The 300/ million dollar Ioan to the States! as proposed by Hoover, and ac-' cepted by the conference of the Committees of the House and Sen- ate, with the provision that the; President shall be given one-third! to be used at his discretinon “en the basis of need” shows further that not only will the government | provide no measure of relief, but is using Government appropria-} Letters from Our Readers great mi of them were assigned by their respective organizations to a certain work, viz. collection of funds for the Party’s election campaign, selling of Party’s literature, and sell- ing literature of the various mas organizations. Workers approaching the meeting find themselves surrounded by our comrades who think that their only, only, The Anti-Dies Bill Meeting and the Army of Disturbers New York. Dear comrades: With no objections to sincere and earnest comrades who feel that their presence at a demonstration should only be one of activity, our objec- tions are against their planless ac- tivities: June -22, at. Union Square, saw a gathering of protest against the Dies Bill. Did we attract. workers ig- norant of the latest weapon of our aggressors? Or was the crowd com- posed of the usual faithful workers connected. with our mass organiza- tions? If the latter is true whet is the reason we can’t attract a greater number of outsiders nearer to our movement? Why should this isolation from the masses be outstanding in our demon- strations? The speakers at this meeting were quite interesting and their speeches quite educational to newcomers. Could we have attracted a greater number of workers and would-be sympathizers to the working class movement? The answer, no doubt, is YES. What then were the shortcomings in this demonstration? That our over-enthused comrades were responsible for driving away the would-be listeners, this would seem Paradoxical, Yet.this is a fact. A duty at these demonstrations is to sell literature and collect as much money as possible, forgetting to make Personal contact with these abet I almost forgot to mention army of “R21 Builders” (Daily Work: er Vendors) lomonade, ice-cream, and peanuts vendors, whose concep- tion of an importent meetings as the one held on that evening, is that of a fair. H demonstrations ought to take especially at open air meetings, 1,—Shock troops should be to chase out disturbers who dist the listener's attention from speaker, 2—A certain time should be al- lowed for the selling of literature collections. This is done at i meetings and could be done too. If the comrades are really and in earnest in their meetings their primary duty is to mingle the workers foreign to the oo i oe ed A radical change of tactics at masq é place,”