The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 25, 1932, Page 1

VOTE COMMUNIST FQQ Unemployment and Social Insurance at the ex- pense of the state and employers. 2. Against Hoover’s wage-cutting policy. Emergency relief for the poor farmers without restrictions by the government and banks; ex- emption of poor farmers from taxes, and no forced collection of rents or debts. Dail Central (Section of the Communist International) OTE COMMUNIST FOR Equal rights for the Negroes and self-determit ation for the Black Belt. ist all forms of hts of workers, Against imperialist war; for the defense of the Chinese people and of the Soviet Union. a Vol. IX, No. 151 5 at New York, N. Y., Entered as second-class itter at the Post Office act of March $, 1877 CITY EDITION NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JUNE 25, 1932 Price 3 Cents FOSTER BLASTS DEMOCRAT PARTY PRETENSE IT WILL RESCUE THE UNEMPLOYED Speaking Tour Down West Coast, Communist Presidential Candidate Exposes Garner Plan Communists Stand for Jobless Insurance; No Wage Cuts; No Imperialist War SAN. FRANCISCO, Cal., June 24.—William Z. Foster, Communist candidate for president, speaking now in the Cal- ifornia cities, San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, and San Diego blasts the attempts of the Democratic Party politicians to represent their clique at the saviors of the country from the VETS OVERRIDE LEADERS; MARCH TO THE CAPITOL: Say They Will Force Congress to Listen WASHINGTON, D. C., June 24— Over 500 veterans revolted against the hand picked Waters leadership today and marched from Camp Ana- costia to the Capitol steps to voice their demands for immediate pay- ment of the bonus. ‘W. W. Waters and police rushed to the Capitol but were unsuccessful in their attempts to halt the march. ‘Thousands more veterans are expect- ed to be at the capitol before eve- ning. Refuse to Leave An ‘emphatic “No” greeted .Police |- Commissioner Glassford’s latest-order for the bonus marchers to evacuate ‘Washington today. The Bonus Expeditionary Forces were told by Glassford to quit the District of Columbia without delay. But over 19,000 war” Vetersitis” con- tinuéd their work of digging in for a long seige. The New York, Michigan, ‘Texas and Illinois groups announced through their rank and file commit- tees that up until now the bonus army has been speaking in very quiet tones for the bonus. “Now we will speak so that Congress will hear us,” said a statement issued by the rank and file committees. Meanwhile the broken disabled, destitute men for whom the bands played in 1917 work quietly cleaning up the billets and camps, building beds and furniture, consolidating their forces and establishing their base for a long bitter struggle to force the government to pay their back wages. Medical Attention Denied Medical attention was again denied sick veterans. A worker for their Brooklyn detachment was taken sick and was rushed to the Walter Reed Hospital where he was told that there would be no room for him for three months. The medical men frankly said that they had orders not to treat the vets. The bonus marchers were: aroused when they learned that Congress ap- propriated $75,000 for a patriotic dis- play at the Washington monument and that $50,000 has been voted: to entertain French soldiers who are coming to Washington as government. guests. A statement issued by the Work- ers Ex-Sérvicemen’s League today de- mended that a fund. equal to the sum voted for the monument display andthe French’ soldiers’ be turned over to feed the Bonus Expeditionary Forces. ‘ 2-THIRDS RULE. “IRKS ROOSEVELT As BULLETIN .CHICAGO, Il, June 24.—Thou- sands of unemployed and part-time workers will demonstrate Monday at 11 a.m. at Honore and Jackson Boulevard, against the ratic Party starvation po! ‘The Dem- ecratic Party ‘ion will then be going into session. - ‘CHICAGO, Ill, June 24.—The Roosevelt crowd, in caucus here, has decided to make a fight in the emo- tatic National Convention when it Boba htontes, ‘for abolition of the “two-thirds rule.” The point is, Roosevelt, by hiring K. K. K. agents in, the south and by hiring Catholic priests in the North, and by all kinds of fake unemployment relief schemes, has secured 570 votes in the forth- coming convention. That is nearly ® majority, but it lacks about 200 Yotes ‘of being two-thirds of the con- | Hoover crisis. Only Pretend to Be Different Foster points to the Com- munist Party platform, which analyzed the situation thus: “The capitalist parties—Republi_ an, Democratic and Socialist—to- gether with their American Federa- tion of Labor henchmen—will each apear in this election campaign in different garb; each will pretend to offer a way out of the crisis beneficial to the masses; each will freely prom- ise jobs and plenty to workers when elected. “But behind all their false prom- (CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE) MILT TOOL MAYOR EXPOSED Ford Speaks to Packed Hall in-Lawrence = LAWRENCE, Mass. June 24.— White-haired Sam Bramhall, old tex- tile workers’ leader here and the Communist candidate for mayor last yeat, shook hands with James W. Ford, Negro worker and Coriniunisu candidate for vice-president and greeted him in the name of the Law- rence workers—and 300 textile work- ers who packed Syrian Hall last night as full as it covld get, cheered with enthusiasm. Lawrence workers have been look- ing forward to Ford’s meeting. The mill owned city government brought pressure on the hall owners. One after another returned the deposit and barred its doors to the Commu- nist speaker. Mayor White knows that Bramball got 1,200 votes last year, and .ne Communist vote this year wil? surely be larger. ‘The smallness of the hall turned away additional hundreds who want- ed to hear Ford. Mayor Wants War Ford tore into Mayor White, who recently declared, “A war would be just what we need, it’s good for busi- ness!” Ford used this statement to prove that White sees no way out of the crisis but the slaughter of a large number of the unemployed on im- perialist battlefields. In Lawrence itself, the crisis bites deep. are unemployed. The jobless families get $3 to $7 a week in groceries, the single workers get nothing. Ever. those who get relief have to do forced labor, working on the roads and cleaning city dumps. 40 Per Cent Cut In the last six weeks, those with jobs got wage cuts of 35 to 40 per cent. Wholesale evictions are beginning, and the unemployed are starting a mass struggle against evictions. Speakers with Ford were Bramhall, June Croll and Martin Russak, organ- izers of the National Textile Workers Union, and Tony Cammasso, Commu- nist candidate for member of the school board, Bramhall is running for Director of Public Welfare and Charities, HOOVER’S §8. Of 23,000 mill workers, 18,000} Forced Labor in Milwaukee N 0 w Is “Socialized” MILWAUKEE, Wisc., June 24.— Fighting against jobless insurance, clubbing those who demand it, the Socialist Party county committee here has come out for a scheme of forced ts labor. Socialist Mayor Hoan of Milwaukee grins cynically when So- cialist Party spellbinders throughout other parts of the country claim Mil- waukee as a city without unemployed. But the local Socialist politicians can not altogether disregard the starving thousands in Milwaukee, So they proposed at the last meet- ing of the Sociaiist county central committee, that the city should tem- porarily take over operation of all bakeries, mills and factories now closed, that workers in these plants should not get wages but only relief checks for food from the city ware- house. This forced labor without wages and for food and overalls alone, the Socialist Party foists on the working-class as “socialism.” YEN HITS NEW LOW AS CRISIS DEEPENS IN JAPAN War Plots” Grows; Tokyo to Seek War Loan The Japanese yen exchange broke yesterday to a new low record of 27.87 cents as the crisis in Japan reached new catastrophic depths. Yen ex- change has fallen steadily since the beginning of Japan’s robber war on. China. While the normal exchange tate is 49.85 cents, on Monday the exchange was down to 30.44 cents. Yesterday it dropped to 27.87 cents, with every indication of a further drop. The Wall Street Journal ad- mitted yesterday that “there is little support for the (yen) exchange in the market.” It expressed the belief that “lower quotations will be seen in the fntues"* The Japanese government is plan- ning additional heavy inflation of the currency in the drive to throw the full burden of the crisis on the backs of the impoverished Japanese work- ers and ruined peasantry. The gov- ernment also plans to mobilize the foreign holdings of its subjects in an attempt to secure a foreign loan to finance its military adventures in Manchuria and its drive for war against the Soviet Unon. The im- mediate future will see a tremendous sharpening of that drive as Japanese capitalism desperately seeks a way out of the crisis in which is it en- guifed—a way out at the expense of the Ifie blood of its workers and of China and the Soviet Union. .Leon- ard Rogers, financial writer of the New York World Telegram, makes the following highly significant state- ment: “Aside from the economic and financial weakness of the country (Japan) the political situation is still highly involved in the Far East, Further trouble with China is held. a distinct possibility, while Russia grows more formidable.” The New York Herald-Tribune sees a significant precedent for the Jap- anese plans to mobilize the: foreign holdings of its subjects in similar ac- tion by Great Britain at the outbreak of the world war. The Anglo-French loan, it says, was secured by such a mobilization of British-owned | for- eign ‘securities. Japan has been at war for the last seven months. The terrific deepen- ing of the crisisin Japan, gives the answer to the/lie that “war means prosperity.” N.M.U. ONLY UNION CLEVELAND.—The National Min- ers Union is the only union for the miners, the Cleveland branch of the National Students League declared after a tour of investigation through the Ohio mine fields, where over 20,~ 000 miners are on strike. P. ALLIES “Forward’’ for Cause of “U.S. Arms” By MOISSAYE J. OLGIN ‘The Socialist Party has had no chance yet to express itself on the Hoover “disarmament” proposal as its central organ appears once @ week, But the socialist Jewish Daily Forward did take a stand. The stand is for Hoover and for the cause of “American arms.” ‘The paper is lavish in praising Hoover. Hoover's plan, it says, will save the world 10-15 billions in ten years. Hoover's proposals are “simple and direct.” Hoover plans to lighten the burden of the world. Hoover's scheme would hasten world economic recovery, Hoover “is in full earnest about disarmament.” The socialist paper sees only one fly in this sweet Hoover ointment— the fear of France. France demands security, France is right. She has thrise been invaded during one hun- dred years. She cannot rely on her neighors. Germany is disarmed, but. can you trust Hitler? Mussolini is ready to accept the Hoover proposals, but that’s neither here nor there. The Soviet leaders repeatedly ex- pressed their pacific intentions, but “France has no confidence, and can have none——in Stalin.” Poor France, (CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE) Wagner Bill Aid to Bosses Senate Provides Relief for Bankers and Cap- italists Only Workers Must Demand Funds for Relief and Unemployment Insurance WASHINGTON, June 24.—The Wagner bill calling for immediate re-| lief to the bankers and industrialists while promising employment in the| future for a handful of jobless workers, was adopted by the Senate without | eyen a record vote. construction Corporation’s borrowing: power to finance loans for private, state and municpial projects of self- liquidating or profit yielding char- acter, It provides also for additional $300,000,000 to be used by the Fin- ance Reconstruction Corporation for loans to State and Muncipal Govern- ments ostensibly to finance relief. In deed the $300,000,000 will not be used for relief to the starving and un- employed workers, but for aid to the bankrupt State and Municipal Gov- ernments whose bonds cannot be floated otherwise. To stem the workers’ struggle for (CONTINUED ON PAGE TWO) HELP IN REVOLT Wants to Help Crush Chilean Masses The United States Ambassador to Chile yesterday offered the help of American warshi revolutionary strug. 2s of the Chilean workers, The fascistmilitary dictator- tervention would further arouse the anger of the masses assured U. 8: Ambassador Culbertson that the dic- ‘tatorship had the situation “well in hand.” The dictatorship several days ago had urged the American copper interests to use their private police force against the striking workers at the Braden Copper Company mines, a Guggenheim concern. Santiago dispatches report that other foreign diplomats approached the dictatorship with the same offer —of foreign armed _ intervention against the revolutionary struggles of the impoverished Chilean workers and ruined peasantry. The di\patch- es report the situation “quiet,” but express fear of new revolutionary de- velopments. The colony of American bosses at Santiago is reported preparing “to insist on protecting itself” in the face of the threat of further upris- ings by the workers of Santiago. The entire country. is still under martial law, with the troops ordered to shoot down workers who should attempt to gather on the streets. Mass arrests of Communist workers continue. The Communist Party has been outlawed, and is carrying on its activities illegally. YONKERS HUNGER MARCH, TODAY Demand Discrimina- tion In Relief Be Stopped YONKERS, N. Y., June 24. — Un- employed workers living in the Sev- fenth Ward, which consists of the majority of Italian workers, will as- semble in Columbus Park, 8. Waver- ley St. & Park Hill Ave., at 10 a. m. Saturday, June 25, and march under the leadership of the Unemployed Council of Yonkers to the house of Alderman Caleagno. They will pre- sent the demands of the unemployed workers who are being discriminated against by the Welfare Department. Over 20,000 workers are unem- ployed in a city of 135,000 Bopularotp the Carpet Shop, which employed 7, 000 workers, has shut its doors com- pletely, throwing additional thou- thousands into the street to starve. Hundreds of thousands of dollars were collected from the rable pay-envelopes of the part-time work- ers to give relief to the unemployed, nothing was given by the multimil- lionaires who live in their sumptious estates in Yonkers, like Samuel Un- termeyer, etc. Of the money, which was taken out of the sweat and blood of the workers, Welfare Commissioner Eb- bitt is getting $7000 a year, and at the head of the “employment” de- partment Mr. Macarty is getting $4000 a year, some unemployed are getting a few miserable cans of tin- ned food The bill provides for an increase of $1,500,000,000 in the Finance’ Re- U.S. OFFERS CHILE F in supressing the! ship fearing that foreign armed in-| ARMY REVOLT IN SIAM REPORTED Unconfirmed Dispatch Says Aim Is Constitu- tional Monarchy BERLIN, June 24.—An army revolt broke out in Siam to establish a con- stitutional monarchy, an unconfirmed | dispatch from Bangkok to the news- paper Tempo states today. According to this dispatch King Prajadhipok and many officers loyal to him were jailed. The revolt is said to be a surprise, | which took the! ; King and his offi- # cers unprepared. The King is be- f ing held as hos- , tage to discourage any repressive measure on the part of his sup- porters. Siam is ruled by ? an absolute mon- archy and the Prajadhipok head of which is } King Prejaghipoy who is empowered to appoint and remove ministers at his own discré- tion. He succeeded his brother, Rama Vi, who died in 1925. The €conomic situation in Siam is very critical. To balance expenditure and income, heavy taxes were im- posed on wages and lands, which in- creased the distress of the workers ;and peasants. On April 25th many povertystricken farmers presented a petition demanding financial assis- tance. The unconfirmed dispatch to Tempo States, however, that the peasants and workers are not participating in the army revolt. EDITOR WOULD ~| GAS THE MINERS Mass Picketing Keeps} Ohio Mines Closed BRIDGEPORT, Ohio, June 24.— Pickets drove imported scabs away from the Powhattan mine today. The scabs were taken into Belmont county jail for shelter, Six pickets were arrested charged with viola- tion of the Ohio “Mob Law.” Pee are | FAIRMONT, W. Va., June 24. —| The National Miners Union organizers | here presented a statement exposing the wage cutting policy of the United Mine Workers the attempts to break the strike of 3,000 miners here, to the editor of the Fairmont Times. The editor looked only at the-signa- ture, “National Miners Union”, and refused to print it. Then he said} in effect: “You will keep on until you march down the street, and then Til be one to come out and tear gas you!” N. M. U. Influence Grows. BRIDGEPORT, Ohio, June 24. — Mass picketing kept the Eastern Ohio mines closed yesterday in spite of the biggest force of militia and deputy sheriffs and mine guards yet to be used against the 20,000 strik- ers. Mass picketing is an indication of the increasing influence of the National Miners Union, for the nomi- nal leader of the strike Some of the U.M.W.A. leaders are trying by the most outrageous dema- gogy to stop this spread of the N. M. U, Wednesday, Pacifico, a U. M. W. leader, told 500 U. M. W. miners meeting at Blaine and about to form a united front with the Na- tional Miners Union, that the N. M. U. was good, and he agreed to mass picketing, but strikers shouldn't change unions in the midst of strug- gle. “Vote Foster and Ford” clubs are being formed throughout the strike area and the miners are eager to sign to put the Communist candi- |Ployment Agency at 108 E. 12th St. | there, Spitale, Lindbergh Envoy, Chats About Rum-Runner’s Death NEW YORK —Salvatore Spitale, | Brooklyn underworld chief, had a} friendly chat with police yesterday. | He came to tell them that he had | nothing to do with the mysterious | death of Charles (Vannie) Higgins, rum-runner who was shot last Sun- | day in Brooklyn, and what is more he had “no idea” who had killed him. And if he were telling a lie, he let it be known, “let god strike him| dead.” The police, of course, were easily convinced. : Spitale, and his bodyguard, Irving Bitz, splashed into the news in March at the height of the Lindbergh kidnapping search, Indicative of the power of gangdom, Col. Lindbergh had issued a plea authorizing these two gangsters to act as their go-/| betweens with the kidnapers. MANY JAILED BY DOAK’S MEN IN FLOPHOUSE RAID. Held for Deportation; Job Agencies Are | Also Raided | NEW YORK.—Immigration officers | yesterday swooped down on two} | flophouses, Municipal Lodging House, 25th and East River and the “Gold Dust” Lodge and arrested more than | 150 workers, holding them for de- | portation. | At the “Gold Dust Lodge” the | workers were gotten into a cage under the fake excuse that the beds needed cieaning, so that they could ke turned over to the immigration snoopers enmasse, | Later Doak’s men invaded several emplcyment agoncies on Third Ave., between 11th and 12th where | hundred of workers crowd about in | yain search for jobs, and picked up| a aes workers, most of them ‘Ge m-speaking, Part of National Drive This raids put through os the Sen- ate is about to consider passage of the Dies exclusion and deportation act, is an indication of the the still greater reign of terror against the | foreign orn if the bill is enacted into law. | Workers charge that the em- ployment agencies are operating directly with the immigration offi- cials in rounding up victims for | deportation. A vivid, irst-hand description of the raids upon the agencies and the methods us?d was given the Daily | Worker by a Germen worker, one of the countless job-seekers; who said: Eye-Witness Story “I was looking for a job this morn- ing at the Bismark Employment Agency on 10th St. I leraned that the immigration officers tock out four workers who were looking for a job. The officials asked the following questions: “How long are you in this country? Where is your passport and citizen- ship papers? If the workers did not have the passport and citizenship papers they were held under arrest. Terrorie Jobless “Not being able to get a job at this agency I went to the New York Em- Sts., There I saw hundreds of ‘workers standing around the agency on the other side of the street.. When I got there were about 30 cops guarding the agency and inside were the immigration officials. As I walked inside I had to pass twelve cops in the hallway. There I found three immigration officers. They asked me what I was looking for. I told them I was looking for a job. One of them asked me how long I had been in. this country and I told him six yeras; then the other one asked me where I come from and Itold him from, Germany. (CONTINUED ON PAGE TWO) BIG PROTEST AT DOCKS AGAINST WAR SHIPMENT 300 N. Y. Marine and Factory Workers Protest Loading of Munitions on Japanese Ship | the Japanese Sailors Defy Intimidation of Militantly protesting the Chinese People and the Soviet Officers shipment of arms against the Union, over 300 New York workers demonstrated yesterday at 12:30 noon before dock 16 of New York Dock Company, Maru” is loading war supplies H shipping to Japan. The demonstration was en- gaged in by marine workers and factory worke of other workers lined the water front in open sympathy with demonstration. It was led the Marine Workers Industrial Union. Anti-war leaflets were distributed among the sailors who were sympa (CONTINUED ON. PAGE TWO) Crush Communist Party, Nazi Cry Fierce Fighting Goes On In Germany (By Inprecorr Cable) BERLIN, June 24.—While bloody collisions between militant wor andthe Fascists continue throughot Germany, Hitler's news service tod carried an official ultimatum manding an immediate proclamation of-iiartial law and the suppression of the Communist Party. Warns of Consequences The conservative “Berliner Tage- blatt” declares that if the govern- ment surrender to this demand at will mean civi] war and admits that | the fascists are deliberately provoking clashes in order to create the pre- text for tho declaration of martial law. A leading writer in “Uhr latt,” de- clares that “influential circles” working to secure Hindenburg’s con- sent for the suppression of the Com- munist Party, However, leading gov- ernment men consider immediate suppression of the Party not tacti- calty wise at this time. there is a strong possibility that a srious move in this direction may be attempted. Yesterday's clashes resulted in 3 dead and many wounded in Berlin alone. In Hambors, (not Hamburg), a fussilade of shots by fascists re- sulted in the death of one Commu- nist worker and the wounding of many others. Police made 60 ar- rests, the majority of them militant workers. Fierce Fighting Fierce fighting took place in Dort- mund, in the Ruhr, where the fascist Habenich wes killed. Fascists ing in an auto opened fire on a Com munist demenstration in Stassfuerth, killing the Communist worker, Lein- ung and wounding cthers, The m derer is the son of a local parson. Fierce collisions also took place in other cities, including Berlin, Bochum and Hamm. More than 100 work were arrested in Berlin alone, whe} the fascists shot the 14-year-old prentice, Sellke, and other workers were shot. In Berlin the workers threw up barricades of paving slabs, mattresses and commandeered build- ing material in the Moabit section, in northwest Berlin, after an open- air demonstration in the Lustgarten was banned by the police. SAN FRANCISCO, June 24.—That recruitment by Japanese officials i the U. 8. of white guards for service in Manchuria still continues, is clear- ly seen in an item appearing in the June 10 issue of “Hokuel Ashai,” a Japanese daily published in this city. The'r Propaganda, “Whether because of the unemploy_ ment due to the depression here in the U. S., or because of the build- ing of a paradise in Manchuria (Our emphasis—D. W.), recentiy those White Russians of America who leave for Manchuria seem to be gradually increasing. Their number has con- tinually increased since the former dates on the ballot. wip of the SS. Shinyo Maru, MANCHURIA ‘PARADISE’ How White Guards Are Recruited 3 “Eighteen left by the SS. Taiy: Maru; ten left by the SS. Assama Maru; there are already six appli- cations for the S. S. Shinyo Maru on this trip, and it is expected to fur. ther increase hereafter. Most of them | travel third class, but in view of the times, the White Russians’ departure for Manchuria is noteworthy.” Seeking Recruits, It should be noted that the refer- ence to the “paradise in Manchuria” is not intended as irony by the Jap- anese newspaper, but is part of the regular propaganda put forward by the Japanese imperialists in the U.S. to stimulate recruitiny are | Nevertheless, | speed- | where the Japanese ship “Toba which the American bosses are WAR MONGERS s. Hundreds | | CONTINGE IN | SECRET TALKS | Hoover’s Proposals | Seen As Mere Vote | Catching Device natic sham “dis- * gesture of Hoover, the armament” conference at Geneva erday simmered down to. assecret ngular parley between the-British, ich and American delegates, Behind the deceptive Hoover pre- the war preparations are go- ing forward more rapidly than_ever. The Japanese, lacking the finesse of |the more’ ex need fmperialists, openly admitted this. The spokes- man of the Japanese Foreign Office clare’ yesterday that-the huge ims. spent by. daparr on armaments is notconsidered wasted.” He ad- mitted that Japan's frantic war prep- jarations are directed against China jand the Soviet Union—in. his own words: “against the teeming millions of China and the Red hordes of Russia. He cynically justified the drive for war as ‘capitel- way out of the crisis'in the | following words | “Better to produce guns and am- | munition than silk which we can- | not sell.” “d The French imperialists, who now control an army of over 13,000,000 |men, through a system of alliances | and vassal states, joined the Japanese jin a hypocritical demand for “se- | curity.” The British are opposing the pro- |posals so far as they affect the Brit- jish naval strength, and England's |ability to compete financially with the United States in the building of | capital ships |Hunger March of N.Y. |Kids, Mothers Today; Force Police Permit NEW YORK.— Determination on |the part of the New York Chile | ee to go through with inger March of ¢hile mothers this morning ened police in- | terference, yesterday caused the Po- Department to grant them @& permit for the parade. The depart- ment had previously rejected a formal japplication for a permit. | Since the Tammany politicians will | not be present in the city this morn- jing. having gone to the Chicago can> vetion, the children will not march jto the City Hall, but will wind ine | stead through the streets of the East | Side to Seventh St. and Avenue ua. The ‘parade will begin at 11 o'clock. at Rutgers Square. The parade this morning will be followed by another to be held on Tuesday, July 12, when the children and their mothers will present their demands to the next meeting of the Board of Aldermen at the City Hall. Macy’s Lays Off Many Girls; Some Are Sole lice NEW through YORK, — Macy's nothe: large layoff .today. ed that this lay-off will ce Christmas when | thousands ve discharged. Many” girls who porting families on their m ble wages went hanie’ \, after news of the 4 threatened lay-off swept through the. store, crying hysterically. a ae The department store «section ot the Office Workers Union calls upon Macy employees to organize and de= feat the maddening, starvation pros gram of the Macy bosses, ‘ Suprort ef Families. will put |