The Daily Worker Newspaper, April 26, 1932, Page 4

ers F Pudligied wy tho Comprogally Pad! Page Four “SOCIALIST” ASSISTANTS OF) 7205 N. ¥. Teleph eocks to the Dally W ALgonquin 44-7956. Cadle @ Ci, tue, Golly except Sunday, at 62 Kast or, 60 Bast 18th Street, New York, “DAIWORK.® y Yorker’ Deety USA) IMPERIALIST ROBBERS the Pan-Paclfic Trade Union Secretariat) requirements of wo plots again. of the capitalism to “‘justif the Soviet, Union, is to ¢ the Soviet Union i necessary ts war And, since ths of those spokesmen for imr nvincing, s of the “socialist” s and Amsterdam Int he toiling m the rot foreign o' ave to sses Soviet and Union has a trying tc tremen ons, horde of n Manchuria open. warfare yi—the Cl clalist” servants of imperial to accuse, not Japan, but “imperialism.” fake “socialist” supporters of imperialism ten disguise the charge behind such nee-laden questions as the Chinese Eastern Railway?” Or. an open accusation: “The Czar bi ese Eastern Railway as an imy enterprise through Manchuria, a part of China; and the Soviet keeps it. Therefore, the Soviet Union is also imperialistic. Workers should learn first ‘of all that the Soviet Government does not keep exactly what the Czar got—the political concessions and mi- litary rights amounting to governmental power in the whole region through which the Chinese Eastern Railway runs, The imperialist government of the Czar brazenly seized governmental power in Man- churia as the Chinese Eastern Railway was be built in Czarist Russia, then in alliance imperialist France against imperialist Japan in the Far East, by @ bribe (called a “loan”) given the corrupt politicians of what was then called the Chinese “empire,” got those Chinese poli- s to sign a “treaty” in 1896, giving way to “aboslute and exclusive right of ad- ministration” in Manchuria, along the line of the rallway—‘in order to facilitate the access of Russian land troops to the menaced points.” So the treaty read; and under it Czarist Russia simply took over the country; its solidery swarmed along the railway, Russian military and police made up the municipal governments of all the cities, and Czarist courts and of- ficials were the dictators of that part of China. No sooner had the Soviet Government taken power in 1917, then it made the first move to repudiate the imperialist concessions and claims of the Czar—which the “socialist” Kerensky, by the way, had maintained. But if anyone wishes to know why the Soviet government—although renouncing all the political power conquered by | the Czarist Government in China, has not yet delivered over the simple property of the Russian masses (at whose cost the Chinese Eastrn Rail- way was built) in the rails, buildings and rolling stock, let him read the followmg paragraphs, taken from the “Declaration to the Chinese People” by the Soviet Government, dated July 25th, 1919: “When in October, 1917, the Government of Workers and Peasants took the power into its hands, it addressed at once all peoples of the world, with an offer to establish everlasting peace. As a basis for this peace, it suggested renouncing all annexations of foreign lands, any subjugation of other nations, any indem- nities whatever. Every nation, great or small, no matter where, whether independent or in- corporatd against its will into the structure of another State, should be free in its inner life, and no power should hold it by force within its boundaries. “Following this, the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government delared annulled all the secret . treaties, concluded with Japan, China and the former Allies; treaties by which the Czar’s Government, together with its allies, through force and corruption, enslaved of the Orient and especial n order to profit the Russian capitalists the Russian landlords, and the Russian generals. “The Soviet Government then and there offered to the Chinese Government to start negotiations for the annulment of the Treaty of 1896, the Peking Protocol of 1901, and all the greements with Japan from 1907 to 1916. Moreoyer, the Soviet Government offered to start negotiations for the return to the Chinese people of all and everything taken from them by the Czar’s Government, independently or ointly with the Japanese and the Allies. “The negotiations on this question were sarried on until March, 1918. Then, suddenly, the Allies seized the Peking Government by the throat; bought the Peking mandarins and the Chinese pr: gold and forced the Chinese Government to refrain from any further rela- tions with the Russian ‘Government of Workers and Peasants, “Without waiting the return of the Man- churian railroad to the Chinese people, JAPAN AND THE ALLIES SEIZED IT THEMSELVES, INVADED SIBERIA, AND| EVEN FORCED ‘THE CHINESE TROOPS TO ASSIST THEM IN THAT CRIMINAL AND UNPRECE- DENTED THEFT. And the Chinese workers and peasants were not even able to. learn the true reasons why the raid of the American, European and Japanese ravishers of Manchuria and Siberia occurred.” | Thus, workers, it is clear to you that the first attempt of the Soviet Union to give over to the Chinese people not only the political privileges seized by the Czar, but the mere physical prop- erty of the railway, was defeated by the im- perialist robbers of Japan, Europe and Ameria seizing everything themselves. Indeed, they held it from 1919 till 1922, with the American engineer Stevens acting as manager. And then they gave it up only because the Japanese and the Am- erican imperialists were quarreling over which should have this loot, and neither thief was | strong enough to defy the other. And thus, also, when on May 31, 1924, Soviet Government and the Chinese Government signed @ treaty of “equality, reciprcity and jus- tice,’ doing away with the old robber “treaty” of the Czar of 1896, Article Ten of the new treaty read as. follows: “The Government of the U. 8. S. BR. agrees to renounce the special rights and privileges relating to all concessions in any part of China acquired by the Czarist Government, The Gov- ernment of the U. 8. S. R. and the Govern- ment of China jointly declare that it is under- stood that the Government of China will not transfer either in part or in whole to any Third Power or any foreign organization the special rights and privileges renounced by the Gov- ernment of the U. 8. S. R. The governments of the two contracting parties agree that the Chinese Eastern Railway is a purely commer- cail enterprise . . . All matters relating to civil administration, military administration, police, municipal government, taxation and landed property, shall be administered by the Chinese authorities, The Governments of the two contracting partis mutally agree that the future of the Chinese Eastern Railway shall be determined by the U. S. S. R. and the Republic of China, to the exclusion of any third party of parties.” It is this treaty—which in addition gave China half the contro! and half the profits of this railway—that Japanese imperialism, with the open aid or guilty silence of other imperialist powers is again trying to upset by armed inva- | sion of Manchuria and impudent seizure through the miserable “government” of Pu Yi, of the entire Chinese Eastern Railway. Japan wants the railway not only because it is @ most valuable piece of loot, but because it may also serve to transport troops to attack the Soviet, frontier—as Japan intends to seize not only Manchuria. but also all of Soviet Siberia as far west as Lake Baikal. And hence the vileness of the “socialists” who, at the very moment in which Japanese imper- ialism is openly stealing the Chinese Eastern Railway and just as openly preparing to make war against the Soviet Union, come forward to aid the imperialist robbers by virtually demand- ing that the Soviet Government should make Japan @ present of the railway and invite Jap- anese generals to use it to transport troops against the Soviet border, Workers! Exposesthe lies of these “socialist” inciters of war against the Soviet Union! Defeat the war plots of the imperialists and their “socialist” servants! Defend the Chinese people and protect the Soviet Union—and defend yourselves against massacre and death of » new world war! Organize mass anti-war demonstra- tions for May First! Above all, organize every- Where to prevent shipments of munitions to Japan! Act while action counts! Literature Will Help Rally the Masses on May First “The History of May Day,” which sold like hot-cakes last year, has been revised by Comrade ‘Trachtenberg, and @ fourth edition has been published. In view of the fact that 12,000 were sold within a few days previous to May Day last year, we should sell many times more than that this year. It is available earlier and in time to become a part of the mobilization campaign for May Day trom the v first, This pamphlet sells for ten cents. Below we give a list of other pamphlets which were decided upon for concentration pampKlets in Une with our campaigns—on unemployment, the anti-war campaign, and the campaign ape'nst terror (Scottsboro, Mooney, Ymperial Valley, etc.). We can accomplish two very important things by planning @ systematic mass distribution of lterature as part of our May Day mobilization, One is that the workers will have the opportu- nity of reading not only about May Day, but about our other campaigns, and this will help mobilize the workers through May Day into our Mass campaigns, and vice versa. The other important thing that we can accom Plish by planning this distribution intensively and systematically, is that we will begin bullding up 4 stable literature distribution apparatus, which in future will automatically swing into line, and constantly improve with practice, in all of our campaigns, to get our mass literature into the hands of the workers. At the present time literature is too much divorced from our Campaigns. It seems something quiie apart from our Party activities. Huge demonstrations Bike plgop—cuch ao the Herd massacre and the funeral afterward—where thousands of pamph- lets could have been put into the hands of the workers, and hundreds of dollars taken in—and literature is not even on hand. Therefore we must take advantage of this populuar working- class day—May First— to begin systematically making literature distribution part of every activity in connection with this campaign. Concentration Literature for May Day. ‘The following are the pamphlets to concentrate on in the May Dey Carnpaign: SPECIFICALLY ON MAY FIRST: History of May Day, by A. Trachtenberg. .16c, UNEMPLOYMENT: Unemployment Kelief and Social Insurance. .36 Why Unemployment Insurance, issued by the A. F. of L. Committee for Unemploy- Ment Insurance ......-.sesceccscceseees 96 Poverty ’Midst Riches—Why? Issued by the National Committee of Unemployed Councils ANTI-WAR: The Soviet Union Stands for Peace, by M. Litvinov ......ecce ee eveeves seveeee lO War in China, by Ray Stewart. eeeeeee lO Soviet China, by M. James and R. Doonping.10c Women and War, by Grace Hutchins...... 6e War and the Second International, by Vi T. Lenin ...0csse-sererccocccccccceess IBC TERROR AND DEFENSE: Labor Leaders Betray Tom Mooney, issued by the Mooney Moulders Defense Com- MIttEE oo. serccecvecsccceccccseeesceees s10C They Shall Not Die (Story of Scottsboro Free the Imperial Valley Sewned om fae aternetdore) Laboy IRIE... 8 the | NN CY / c. By V. KNOX. working class has set aside as the day in which to demonstrate working class solidarity | throughout the world, the day on which the determination of the working class to overthrow the capitalist system of exploitation and misery | ig expressed, comes this year in a period of sharpened struggles, in a year when the beacon of socialism burns ever more brightly and stead- ily, inspiring the working class in capitalist countries to further and decisive battles, In the Soviet Union the battle for socialism has been won. The workers have overthrown their exploiters and taken into their own hands the building of a soctety for the benefit of all the toiling masses, a society without classes, 2 | society where all factories, mills, workshops, where all the means of production belong to the | proletarian, socialist government. On this May Day, only ten years since the beginning of economic construction, what has this proletarian government to record? | Given the heritage of the damned czarist rule, | with its backwardness, its misery, its unspeakable | reign of ignorance and filth in the village, a coun- try riddled, worn and torn by seven years of imperialist war, civil war and counter-revolution, by desperate attempts at intervention and under- | mining by bourgcois counter-revolutionary forces from within and from without, the proletarian government, with the Communist. Party in its | vanguad, set itself the task of a mighty trans- formation—the transformation of backward, agrarian Russia, which it was under the czar, into one of the foremost industrial countries, into the leading country of soctalist large-scale | agriculture, of socialist construction under the Soviets. And the workers and peasants may well be proud of their achievements, for the foundation for socialism has already been laid—large scale socialist industry, the only real base for the building of socialist society, has been attained. ‘| Dneiprostroy, Magnitogorsk, Kusnetstroy, Shari- | koshipnik (ball bearings), Amo—these are but a few of the many names of epoch-making signifi- cance; these are but a few of the outposts of socialist construction; these are but a few of the banner carriers on the road to socialism. While in the rest of the world the decay of capitalism is expressed by the shutting down of factories, by the stifling of new, progressive forms of pro- duction—in the Soviet Union socialist construc- tion not only encourages ever new forms of ap- Plication of technique, ete, but it creates new forms of socialist industry, new forms of socialist labor. The great enthusiasm of the workers to build up their own country has resulted in the forma- tion of shock brigades, has resulted in socialist | competition between workers, between depart- ments, and between factories. It has resulted in the peasants in the collective farms forming shock brigades, in which the Young Communist League usually takes the lead. It is the full consciousness and knowledge that the industries, that agriculture is run for the toiling masses, that it is a government of the toilers, which inspires this enthusiasm, enabling them to overcome almost insurmountable difficulties. This is one of the important features of socialist construc- tion. For the broad development of socialist indus- try, ib is necessary to have the very widest appli- cation of electric power—this in itself being an indication generally of the progress in industry. Powerful hydroelectric dams, producers of white heat, dot the Soviet Union in the north, in the Caucasus, in the Ural mountain ranges, in the Near East, in the Far East. This May Day, in | the Ukraine, the most powerful electric dam in | the world is to commence operation. And plans — have already been made for an ever greater | giant undertaking in Siberia, In the United States we see a decided tendency towards decrease in electric power stations—com- Petition between other fuel companies retard the progress of electrification, and in order to gain profits for the monopolists, fuel is trans- ported for hundreds of miles rather than shoot electricity through wires. Capitalism now retards progress. Magnitogorsk, in the heart. of the Urais, that | @iant steel plant, built upon the most modern | lines, and on many points exceeding anything yet done, has already been able to surpass the 660,000 ton output of pig iron originally planned, wae bas onal the YOR fae oat we | j | i SUBSCRIPTION RATES: SY wail everywhere: One year, $6; siz months, $8; two months, $1; excepting Boroughe of Manhatten an@ Bronz, New York City. Woraigu: one year, $8; siz month, $4.50. TER!—ALL OUT MAY FIRST! May Day and Socialist Construction iron originally planned, and has reached 2,500,000 AY DAY, the day which tlie revolutionary |'0S, Working now towards a rate of four million tons per year output. This plant carries through the whole process, starting with the treating of Coke and finishing with steel bars, rails, ete. And what is happening to the. steel plants in the U.S. A.? The diagram given in the New York Times ® few weeks ago showing a steady streak downward is. sufficient indication, Immense, completely new industries have | sprung up. There are the Amo and Nijninovgorod automobile works, ‘There are machine building industries, producing both small machines and heavy lathes, there is the ball bearing works opened up only recently in Moscow, an immense plant whose production will teach 30 per cent of the whole world output of ball bearings. An almost interminable list could be made here of other undertaking. In the land of the Soviets, indus- try is on the upgrade. In the United States, Ford shoots down workers for asking for employ- ment, factories are shut down, industry is in decay. Because of thé socialist government, it has been possible to organize and plan production. This is the fourth year of the Five Year Plan, the year in which the Five Year Plan is to be concluded, and as a May Day pledge the workers and peasants here declare that it shall be con- cluded in four years, And the few features men- tioned above seem to be convincing proof of that pledge. Precisely because of large scale industrializa- tion, the Soviets have succeeded in socializing the village. The task of bringing the small peasantry, which constituted the majority of the population, to produce upon @ socialist basis was @ formidable one. It was a task which the enemies of the Communist Party, of the prote- tariat, watched very sharply, expecting its de- struction. But the correct basis had been laid, the correct Leninist line had been followed, and now 67 per cent of the villages are collectivized. ‘Tractors. coming from Kharkov and Stalin- grad, combines from Cheliabinsk. © Erection of machine tractor stations, concentration points” radiating tractors and ‘combines to the villages, Huge state farms. All resulting in more tractors By BURCK , and combines being advantageously used in the Russian village than anywhere else in the world. That is progress! The Soviet Union is composed of many na- tionalities formerly oppressed by the czar. Under the Soviets, self-determination has been granted’ to these national minorities. But what'is more, & policy of industrialization of national minori- ties has also been followed. One example—the | Bashkir Republic, formerly = nation of nomad tribes, the prevalent industry being cattle-steal- ing. ‘Today, this Bashkir republic has large | Metal plants, state farms, refineries, machine Shops, technical schools, universities. All’run by | Bashkirs and using the Bashkir language, which had been prohibited under the czar. Soviets for them has meant a transformation from illit- erate, disease-infected, wandering nomads, to proud, conscious proletarians, building socialism, ‘The foundation for socialism has been laid by the first Five Year Plan. A Second Five Year Plan, which will enter the Soviet Union into the phase of socialism, has’ already been Proposed by the vanguard of the toiling masses,’ by the Communist Party, and this has been enthusias- tically accepted’ by the‘ workers and peasants. This will lead to higher forms of production and to higher living standards. ‘The superiority of socialism over capitalism is already apparent. The capitalist powers realize this menace to them, and ‘are gathering to deal the Soviet Union a death blow. The proletariat throughout the world must be on the alert, ready to thwart the first attempt of the capital- ist powers, ready to take example from the Russian workers and convert their countries into socialist countries, under the dictatorship of the proletariat. On May Day, the day of international sofdar- ity, the working class ofthe Soviet Union has | much to make holiday over. At the same time they are responsive and alert to the attacks made by the capitalists against the oppressed workers. They are raising their voices in mighty protest against the brazen attempt at burning the Scottsboro boys. ‘They join the world-wide demand for the immediate unconditional release of the nine boys: They extend their comradely greetings to toilers of other countries, and feel confident of the defense which will be exerted by the workers throughout the world for their fatherland, the Soviet Union. Capitalists Admit Starvation of Workers By I. AMTER 1 tT COMMUNISTS need not search far for facts to expose the rotten starvation condi- tions of the unemployed workers and their fam- ilies. Mere reading of the capitalist press makes this clear, This article will bring forward some | tacts that have been disclosed in the capitalist newspapers in the most recent period, which will | give an indication as to the actual situation and the shameless manner in which the capitalists, through the state and city governments, with the aid of the A. F. of L. and “socialist” party leaders, are trying to make the workers accept these conditions, In the city of New York, according to Raymond: | W. Houston, assistant director of the Emergency Work and Relief Bureau, there are 1,160,000 needy. Of these, according to Houston, there are at least 410,000 “in desperate want.” Accord- ing to Welfare Commissioner PF. W. Taylor, “the average unemployed head of a family on the. waiting lists of the emergency and relief bureau has been out of work eighteen months.” The need, he says, is “as great, if not greater than last winter,” ‘Taylor adds: “Never in the history of the city of New York has there been so much poverty and misery . . ~ never have so many families reached the end of their. resources, Never have so many been threatened with evic- - tion, illness through Jack Of nourishment and even starvation as at the present time.” In fact, he states: “Hundreds of thousands of people dwelling in the city of New York will hesfaced with staryation during the summer and fall of this year.” Although it is “claimed” that the health of the children has been better than in many years, physicials declare that “the test will come in a few years,” when the children will show the results of undernourishment and star- vation, working class neighborhoods. Whereas on the average in New York City the death rate from tuberculosis is from 66 to 71 per 100,000, in the worst working class sections, particularly in Harlem, it ranges from 127 to 260 per. 100,000. | Among the Negroes it is 306 per 100,000 and | among the, other colored races, such as Japanese, | Chinese, etc., it is 700 per 100,000. These are | the fruits of unemployment, starvation and | everything that accompanies them. The situa< |, tion among the Negroes is aggravated by the high rentals that,they have to pay, the con- gestion in the tenements, their unsanitary condi- tion, etc. As a further indication of the condi- tion of the children, the Child Welfare Board | of the U.S. government admits that there are more than 13,000,000 defective children in this country. They are suffering from tuberculosis, weak hearts, pellagra, flux—just as physic'ons in Germany. are now warning the German govern- ment thatthe rising gefieration will be a weak- bables and 10,000 mothers in New York City die needlessly at childbirth—owing to poverty and lack of proper care, , be In New Jersey, with 600,000 destitute officially recorded, the starvation process continues, with | no hope of relief. Throughout the country, ac- cording to a national survey made by the “Survey” in 37 cities, the situation is, most, ser- ious. The report declares: “With no sign of | improved employment, with relief needs growing and with relief funds dwindling to exhaustion, they (the unemployed). turn their blind eyes to the future, where already the specter of another winter js rising.” The report continues: “The casual employment’ opportunities that ordinarily arise at this time are absent this year.” (This is clear comment on Hoover “seelng signs of im- provement,” the fake campaign of the American wy How the Gov’t Deals With Children of the Working Class , By S. VAN VEEN ! w= the million dollar Lindbergh baby stiif jholding the front page it is well to recall the crimes of capitalist society against the children of the working-class. When the newspapers stated that the kide napping of the Lindbergh child was the “greatest crime of modern times” they lied; they did so im order to’ hide the news of the starving and crippling of millions of children of the workinge class. Many hundreds and thousands of children aré starved, crippled and lost, but the newspapers and the boss government do not get excited about it, but make every effort to hide the facts. Let us enumerate some of the ways in which our. children are crippled—that is weakened and damaged as well as permanently crippled. 1—Through starvation and the diseases that result from insufficient food and the imprope kind of food. The Washington Child Health conference reports that 13,000,000 children aré slowly starving at the present time. 2—The same reports show that 382,000 chil- dren are tubercular, the result of lack of food and fresh air. 3—1,000,000 children are suffering from dani« aged hearts. ‘Th's i: olso the result of work in sweatshops and factoric:, 2:1 also starving and the lack of fresh air. | 4—Lack of medical care. According to the above report only 15 per cent of the above ar® receiving any medical attention whatever. 5—The New York Maternity Center reportd that each year, 10,000 die from causes that could be prevented if the parents could afford the proper food, environment and medical care fos mothers and children.) { 6—Charity institutions. The U. 8. buro for the study of child-welfare laws reports “Unspeakable conditions in charity institutions resulting in the not infrequent disappearance of children, Also criminal neglect of children in various child placing institutions affecting thousands of chile dren in charity homes, state instituions and private welfare gaencies. i —According to reports of well known doctors, children born during the present depression are smaller and weaker at birth, reach adolescencs in # weakened condition and do not attain full ' growth. if 8—In many places in the south, no provision whatever is made for homeless or “neglected” Negro children. ‘This means that these homeless children die, are taken in by neighbors, or are bound out in semi-servitude to plantation owners, or wander into the cities a victim of every sort of circumstance. { 9—Penal institutions for delinquent children. According to the same U. S. report on child-? welfare laws, “the delinquent child in the United States is treated as a criminal. Physical and mental examination are lacking in the courts. | In the south any boy convicted of any mis- | conduct can be éent to the chain gang or to work | on the roads.” “Girls can be sent to the poor | ened one, owing to starvation. Besides, 16,000 - house or bound out for long terms as servants.” | It is clear that all the children above listed are children of the working-class. Children of .Millionaires or well-to-do parents are well fed and receive all necessary medical care. As for “dlinquent,” only workers’ children are ever called “delinquent.” Restless pranks or even actual crime when committd by the sons and daughters of the rich never land them in reformatories or state institutions, Just as mem- bers of the working-class fill the jails, so the children of workers are the ones that are forced into the horrors of institutions “for deinquent or incorrigible children.” The capitalist press tries to hide all the facts of the miseries of workers and children of workers. It is their task to fill their columns with the joys and sorrows of the ruling class. Loss of one of their children is news to be played up at all times, On the same day when the pages were filled with the details of the kidnapping of @ million dollar baby, thousands of Chinese children were murdered by order of the Japanese rulers, k ‘The innocent Scottsboro Negro children face the electric chair. They are children of toiling half-starved mothers; but when the young Chi- cago murderers, sons of the millionaires Loeb and Leopold, went on trial, they were sent up for a few years and will be freed as soon as the politicians feel that the case has been forgotten. The son of Ward, billionaire baker, got away scot free after murdering @ young sailor, These are only 2 examples. Pages could be written about the exploitation, starvation and miscries of the children of the working-class; about the death of children in damp unsanitary tenements; * about child laborers in factories and sweatshops, killed and crippled by flying machinery; about the horrors of reformatories and state charity institutions. ‘There is only one country where there is no unemployment, no starvation and where the children are healthy, happy and given every opportunity known to science for physical and mental development. That is the Soviet Union, land of the workers. ‘The first consideration of a workers’ govern- ment in the U. S. would be to fed and care for the children of the working-class. clals for “1,000,000 jobs.”) ‘The Labor Department report for March shows that there were 1.5 per cent less men employed than in February, and wages were reduced 2.4 cent in the same period. clear that 12,000,000 workers and in the United States are starving, inadequate, the municipalities , the state and federal govern- can think of nothing but give plums to bankers and manufacturers, put more texes on the workers, increase the war budget—army, nayy, national guard, etc. And the outlook? Charles Schwab states that the “depression might be of five of six years’ duration”—and his remedy for the situation is “sweat,” meaning work. ‘This charlatan and | faker, who continues to pocket the huge divi- dends of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, says: “There is one great thing for the real man today | and that is to sweat—to go to work, to do the best he can under the circumstances to build for his industry, build for his home, and build for his country for the future, That is the only remedy for the depression.” This is heaping insuli upon misery, The work- | ers want to work, but there are no jobs. They want to eat, but are denied the right to buy. |S o oh roan but are compelled to go to the relief bureaus and _ ETL