The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 21, 1932, Page 4

a = By ROBERT ©. CRUDEN PART 1 The Fore New (Reprinted from = AGAIN H tions r0. 0¢ | Republic”) | | | so we are he de nation. He aeans of his the ideal & eed | or of America, | | | | | led to believe t were to receive six days in five. uch as veek for did not receive pay w whose making cen cut, in effect, throughout the : "The five-day week has itself been aban- as oc nm demanded—in 1929 I worked joned for many weeks on the six-day basis. In the fall of t b: nenceforth 7 a day would be the mir n his plants. Immediately the bosses at the Rouge plant came around saying, “Go like hell, boys. If you're gonna get that raise you gotta increase production!” On our job production as raised from fifteen pans of stock a day to twenty-two, as a result of which one entire shift of our gang was laid off. Down the line from us one man was given two drill presses to tend instead of one, as formerly. The inspector on our job was taken off and we had to do our own pecting and still keep up the new production This speed-up took place all over the 1t: it is significant that, concomitant with the te. wage raise, nearly 30,000 men were laid off from the Rouge plant. Tt claim that wages are never cut in Ford has always been part of the stock in trade cf Ford publicity agents. But they are cut When the plants reopened in 1928 to produce the Model A, thousands of older men who had been naking $8 to $10 a day hey were laid off were hired again as new men at 5a day. An old nachinist who had been with the company ten ‘s was hired at $5, although he had been | ‘ing $8.40 prior to the shut-down. A tool- | 1aker who had been getting $1.10 an hour on Model T was likewise offered the minimum wage when he returned. In many cases the older men were not rehired—younger men had taken their places at lower wages. This process, still going on, has been supplemented by another. Men are “transferred” from department to depart- ment, their wages being cut as they move. I worked (in 1929) with men making $6.40 who had | been making $7.20 and $7.60 before their transfer. A lathe operator of my acquaintance was recent- iy transferred to washing, and cut from $8 to $7.60 a day. Even workers in the aristocratic Lincoln plant are not immune—last spring all those making more than a dollar an hour were cut to that figure. As a result of this process, very few workers in Ford plants now make more than $7.60 a day. To the outsider, this may seem high wages— but most Ford workers have lately been working only three days a week. In 1930 the wages of average Ford worker were less than a thou- nd dollars. Taking into account the prevailing three-day week, the seven weeks of enforced idleness and a dally wage of $7.60, the worker made $959.20 during that Year! In 1931 wages were cut and the working week reduced to one or two days a week. Ford claims not only that there are no wage cuts in Ford plants, but there are none in any of the ,3,500 plants which make parts for him. “To prevent wage cuts on Ford work, the Ford Motor Company makes periodical inspections of its sup- ply companies,” says The Wall Street Journal, quoting Ford officials. Many of these supply companies are in Detroit, the most prominent of them being the Briggs Manufacturing Company, which makes 4 per cent of Ford bodies. This concern gained no little fame in 1930 because its earnings during the first half of that year showed “an increase of 45.78 per cent over the $2,422,697 reported for the similar period in 1929. Earnings inthe second quarter alone exceeded by $344,000 the earnings for the entire year of 1929.” These increased earnings are perhaps partly explained by the 15 to 50 per cent wage cuts which it put uhrough early in 1930 and by the piecemeal cuts, trom 5 to 30 per cent, later in the year. In 1931 it was offering unskilled Jobs at twenty-five cents an hour. Besides being locally notorious for its low wages, this concern also enjoys an unsavory | reputation among workers because of its lack of safety devices on machinery and the resulting high accident rate The Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Company, makers of “ord wheels, has cut wages of its tool-makers from 1.10 an hour to eighty cents, and increased the hours of the night shift to fourteen a night, seven nights a week. The Detroit Gear Company, makers of small Ford parts, took a leaf out of its inaster’s book—it laid off all men getting ninety cents an hour and rehired them at seventy-three cents. At tic same time their working hours | were increased from nine to eleven and a half. Reports from Toledo, Cleveland and New Haven indicate that this is going on all over the coun- -Workers! Join the Party of. Your Class! P. O, Box 87 Station D. New York City. Please send me more iuformation os ths Com. | wmunist Party. Name Adsirees City Communist Party U. 8. AL P O. Box 87 Station D. New. York City. Occupation .......0. -Mall this to the Central wewecoveecesecseoeosscecsesescossccues © Bate creecccecee Age ce, Communist | HE GREAT FORD MYTH | which 10,000 unemployed stormed the plant and | smashed the hiring office and the woven-steel © Ch, Tne, Sally szewt Seuday, a GO Bast i T one ALgonquin 4-7956. Cable “DATWORK® ke to the Datly Worker, 60 Bast 13th Street, New York, N. “WE'VE RUN OUT OF REL try, in spite of Ford’s “periodical inspection.” This letting-out of parts contracts, while highly profitable to the Ford Motor Company, has led to widespread unemployment here. Until the went through, comparatively few Ford manufactured by outside firms. At the present time, according to Ford himself, 3,500 concerns are mak Ford accessories. As a result department after department at the as been closed down—brake, rear- absorber, differential housing depart- 's, to mention only a few, have been shut and their workers lald off. Nearly every T meet on the Job lines has been laid e Rouge, and nearly half of them tell 2 jobless ‘because of this contract~ this, second mi off from g to statements of the Ford Company, re were recently 84,000 men at work ih the Workers there say that et that part from maintenance and service men, there were 25,000 at work. At capacity, the plant 20,000; during 129, 30,000 men -were dis- ; lay-offs continued through 1930 unti? net 50,000 had been let out; in 1931, many y be accurate to say that there are more 000 on the roll, for there are literally nds of unemployed Ford workers who still e their badges, and, ipso facto, are on the i—but these workers usually have not worked for months and they are denied admit~- tance to the employment office! The exaggeration of Ford’s employment figures can be seen @ report of Dr. W. G. Berbman Mayor's Unemployment Committee. “A survey of 3,476 recipients of relief showed 36.1 per cent had been employed at Ford’s at least a ear. If the same rate holds in the other 42,000 nilies, the total cost to the city in January, 1931, of keeping Henry Ford's workers in condi- tion ,.. was 720,000." The Welfare Department of the By mail everywhere: One year, of Manhattam and Bronz, New York City. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $6; six months, $3; two months, $1; excepting Boroughs Foreign: one year, $8; six montha, $¢ 60. JEF, BOYS!” BY BURCE reported last April that the fathers of over 5,000 destitute families had been laid off by Ford. As a matter of fact, it is very difficult to tell just how many men are at work now, for Ford is hiring and firing thousands of men daily. Old men, highly paid men, men who cannot make the speed, are being eliminated and in their places are being hired men who are young and fact and willing to work for $6 a day, perhaps only a day | or two a week. BROOKMIRE SPECIAL REPORTS “The Steel Industry since 1890.”— February 10, 1932. (Discussion of a chart showing the total U. S. production of rolled iron and steel for the 40-year period from Ford has been in no small measure responsible || 1890 to 1931.) 1 “The most striking feature of this forty-year record is the increasing severity of the cyclical declines. The slump in 1908 was greater than the | slump in 1903-04. The still worse slump experienced in 1921 was ex- | cused on the ground that it was | largely the result of the abnormal war boom. Now, however, without | for kooding Detroit with labor. Early in 1929 he announced he would hire 30,000 men. Thousands of workers, many of them with their families, many of them penniless, rushed to Detroit. Night after night, in bitter zero weather, the men stood in line. A few hundred were taken on—fire hoses were turned on the rest to drive them away. A similar situation arose in 1930, as a result of storm fence which protected it. After that the police inaugurated a policy of repression. Men | were not allowed to start fires to warm them- | selves; they were prohibited from gathering in groups; they were required to keep moving; if they were in line they had to move quickly if they were to avdid being beaten. This police guard ts still maintained, since the rumors that Ford is “hiring” has brought thousands of men out to the Rouge plant. (To Be Concluded.) war in the years immediately preced- ing, we are suffering a decline that is already fully as bad as 1921. In fact, the further drop that is almost certain to be shown by the 1932 fig- ures will make this collapse by far the worst of all.” Deportations and Wage-Cuts—The Case of Edith Berkman « By MARTIN RUSSAK National Secretary of the National Textile Workers Union TT is now over five months that Edith Berk- man has been imprisoned in the immigration textile workers, have taken the place of Edith Berkman. Organizational activities are being carried on in all the great Lawrence mills. The unemployed are being mobilized in the struggle. 2,500 workers demonstrated on! the being able to lay the blame upon any | FOREIGN INVESTMENTS | SOME FACTS SENATOR JOHNSON DID AND DID NOT By HARRY GANNES 'HOLESALE swindling of the middle class by the big bankers in the matter of foreign bonds, the knife-edge of American penetration in Latin America, is causing a stir in Washington. The mouth-piece of the discontent is the bril- jiant demagogue, Senator Hiram Johnson, of California, outspoken enemy of the Soviet Union. Johnson has plenty to say about bankruptey, frozen credit, swindling, corruption by Wall St. | of Latin American governments, but he forgets to draw the analogy of the Soviet Union paying its debts and smashing the lies of “default” which Johnson and his associates spread so lib- erally. However, the Americah workers have many lessons to learn of the role of the imperialists in Latin America $6 intimately connected with the Hoover hunger regime. The workers must remember that Hoover himself was the chief swindler of the middle class, and the chief ar- guer for greater penetration of Latin America, He made a trip to Latin America immediately after his election on the “chicken-in-every pot”, “automobile-in-every-garage” slogans. The economic crisis, and its offshoot, the fi- nancial crash throughout Latin America, uncoy- ered the whole stench of American “financial” penetration of Latin America. We must always remember that marines follow the dollar as well as the flag into colonial countries. Some facts were brought out by Senator John- son in his senate investigations of foreign-bond flotations. Some facts and some lessons weren’t brought out, which we will try to mention briefly BRING OUT which amounted to a virtual endorsement of the bond issues, making it easier for the bankers to palm them off onto the small investors. Senator Johnson has a good word to say for J.P. Morgan & Co., and Kuhn, Loeb & Co., two of the largest financial swindlers. They didn’t dabble in South American bonds, the senator | said. He praises them for having put their greatest activity into German enslavement, through very profitable loans. The| main summary of Senator Johnson's charges are as follows: “I, That a Bolivian loan was made after being ‘first disapproved by our Department of Commerce.’ “2, That a Peruvian loan was made (all Pe- ruvian bonds are in default) against the advice of the banking house offering the loan and against the advice of a “well-known Peruvian who advised all bankers that the defaulted loans should not be made.’ “3. That bankers computed the value of the Brazilian milreis ‘at more than two and one- half times its value’ in order to show a favor- able balance. “4. That in Chile one of the banks partici- pating in some of the loans ‘was a party to frenzied financial jugglery which deprived Chile of the very revenue necessary to meet its external obligations.’ “The Senator recalled testimony before the committee that Juan Leguia, son of Augusto B. Leguia, former President-Dictator of Peru, had received $415,000 from the house of J. and W. Seligmann & Co. as commission for acting as pen at East Boston, Mass. Originally arrested by the immigration authorities while leading the Lawrence strike of February, 1931, she was re- leased on bail soon after that strike ended with the workers winning their main demands from the American Woolen Company. When the Lawrence workers struck again, this time 23,000 strong, on October 5, 1931, one of the first acts of the government was to revoke Lawrence Common on National Unemployment Insurance Day, February 4. In spite of shortcomings in the work of the Union, the situation this time is quite different from what it was after the February strike of last year; the National Textile Workers Union has consolidated its position even after the loss of the general strike. New struggles are com- ing fast against the American Woolen Company here. ‘The senate investigation established the fact that the big bankers, with the help of the Hoo- ver-Mellon-Stimson-Morgan government floated $4,000,000,000 in foreign bonds which were, through the most approved Capone methods, forced onto so-called “small investors.” If the National City Bank of New York wanted to strengthen its hold in Chile, Cuba, Nicaragua or agent in promoting loans to his father’s gov- ernment.” Now for a few facts and conclusions that the middle class mouthpiece doesn’t bring out. Andrew Mellon, then secretary of the treasury of the United States, and J. P, Morgan, owners of the Carib Oil Co., and the Gulf Oil Co., refused a loan of $4,000,000 to the government of Olaya | the bail of this loutstanding and courageous leader of the Lawrence workers who was once again in the front ranks of the struggle. She was again imprisoned in the East Boston pen. The great strike ended on November 11—be- trayed by the American Federation of Labor of- ficials and their Musteite assistants. But Edith Berkman was‘ kept in fail. She is still there, ostensibly held “for deportation.” And the au- thorities refuse to admit her to bail. ‘This unprecedented outrage is the work of the | American Woolen Company, which in this case | is using the federal immigration department to prevent any possible “interference” with its cur- rent campaign to make its Lawrence mills more profitable—at the expense of the worst exploit- ation ever yet imposed upon the workers of Lawrence It was not just a 10 per cent cut that milNon- aire mill-owners put over when they succeeded in defeating the general strike through Riviere, Gorman, Muste and Co. When the workers went back to work they found themselves confronted by cuts that ranged to 30 and 35 per cent—just as Edith Berkman and other leaders of the Na- tional Textile Workers Union had predicted. In the spinning department of the Wood mill wages were cut as much as 50 per cent. The efficiency men—who were driven out of the mills pell-mell by the stormy ‘February strike—are now back in all the huge Lawrence mills. Speed-up and further wage-cuts are planned. Rumor has it that the infamous 9 comb system, which precipitated the February strike, is now again slated for introduction in in Lawrence and elsewhere in New Englnad. An essential preparation for these struggles must be an effective present fight against the deportation drive. ‘The textile barons in the Northern mill cen- ters have especially adopted the agents of the immigration department as a “shock troop” in their attempts to terrorize the large numbers of foreign-born workers in their mills. Agents of the immigration department are Central Falls, Paterson, and other places, . but these cities particularly because it is there that the N.T.W.U. is most active. Arrests of militant textile workers for deportation as “Reds” and Everywhere this line of attack has been sup- Ported by the fascist A. F. of L. and U. T. W. officials who have openly called for deportation of the revolutionary workers and the creation of jobs for “American citizens.” On March 8 twenty-five foreign-born dye workers in Paterson were taken right out of the mills and arrested for deportation in a whole- sale attack upon the workers in these large strategic plants for the stated purpose of “mak- ing jobs for loyal American citizens.” In this case, the attack is also part of war preparations. The dye plants of Paterson and Passaic are to be used for manufacture of war chemicals in war-time; they must therefore be manned with “Joyal American citizens.” All workers should note that in spite of the numerous arrests for deportation of militant tex- tile workers and their leaders, actually, oaly active in Lawrence, New Bedford, Pawtucket, | Columbia—if it wanted oil concessions, or any other form of robbery—it would get the United States government to approve a loan; it would force this loan through the banks with govern- ment endorsement. In the floating of the loan, the big banks would rake in huge graft. The puppet governments would get graft. The hand of American imperialism would be strengthened and the local lackeys would speed-up the native | workers to pay the interest. The Times, referring | to Johnson’s summary speech in the Senate, tells of some of the pressure of the big banks against the small (which ultimately led to the collapse of so many of the smaller banks). The Times says: “He also charged that large banks forced small ones to aid in the distribution of foreign bonds; he had received many letters from small bankers, who complained bitterly of the compulsion pat upon them.” But why the howl just at this time? The mid- dle class bond buyers are not averse to sweating the native masses for interest on their bonds. They are not against this huge export of capi- tal with its resultant enslavement of whole conti- | hents, with its corruption of the Leguias, the Machados and Chiang Kai Sheks. They howl now because with the economic crisis the big bankers have crawled out from under the crash, and the small investors are being made to pay for the bankruptcies. Testimony before the Senate Committee showed that bond defualts amounted to more than $800,000,000. This swindling process, of course, was backed by the State Department, headed by Stimson. of Columbia, until Mellon and Morgan got an oil concession worth many hundreds of millions. ‘The policy of loan flotations of the big banks with government support is not an “unusual” or “vicious” practice. It is the usual role of im- perialism, in the period when the leading bank- ers are not an entity separate and apart from the state apparatus. The leading financiers are fused with the entire state apparatus and use the government to advance the interests of the leading imperialists, in the enslavement of the colonial masses, and at the same time against the workers at home. President Hoover himself (as proved by un- answerable documents) is himself one of the most typical imperialist swindlers haying amass- | ed a huge fortune in just such practices of for- eign investments, super-exploitation of the col- onial workers; bribery, robbery, swindling, etc. American imperialism, as part of its policy of extending its colonial empire of squeezing greater profits by its foreign investments, speed- up the export of capital, draining every penny it could squeeze from the American workers by intensive exploitation and from the middle- class by the most extravagant swindling opera- tions. Along with this went the rivalries of the im- perialist powers for domination, the antagonism between British and American imperialism for the control of Latin America, etc. For evéry dollar invested by the big bankers, American capitalism spent another for the army and navy in preparation for war. ; The financial collapse of many of the col- onial puppets of Wall Street greatly interfered the combing departments. ‘The Woolen ‘Trust | and the Wall Street bankers behind it demand rich profits and regular dividends from their. Lawrence mills. This they can get. only by im- posing @ killing speed-up and a staryation wage upon the workers. And to accomplish this they must crush the National Textile Workers Union and give ths workers U.T.W. “leaders” like Ri- viere, MacMahon, and the socialists Blakely, Schulman and Salerno, ‘Therefore Edith Berkman 1s held tn jai! with- out bail. Therefore Riviere is still in Lawrence, hobnobbing with his friends among the poll- ticlans and police; and President MacMahon of the U. 'T. W. comes to Lawrenc efor the first time in ten years to speak to his good pals of. the Central Labor Union about the value of “organt- zation.” Speed-up, wage-cuts, U.'T.W. fakers, Musteite betrayers, and attacks upon the Na- tiomal ‘lextile Workers Union go together, ‘the National ‘Textile Workers Union, however, 1s stubbornly carrying on the fight in Lawrence. two deportations have taken place: the deport- ations of William Murdoch and Pat Devine, leaders of the-National Textile Workers. Union, to Scotland. And despite the anti-Communist propaganda made by the government and boss press in connection with these two deportations, Devine and Murdoch were in reality deported on purely technical grounds, Le. so-called “ill- legal entry” into the country. Edith Berkman cannot be deported. She came to the United States legally and her father was naturalized while she was still ja minor. ‘Though born in Poland, she is not a Polish citiem and cannot be deported to that country. She is being kept in jail only because the Amer- ican Woolen Company is still in the midst of a special drive to starve and speed-up the Law- rence workers. Textile workers will remember that the Amer- ican-born Assistant Mational Secretary of the National Textile Workers Union, Ann Burlak, was arrested and held for deportation last sum- New leaders, from the ranks @f the Lawrence | mer, during the strike in Central Falls and Paw- The big bankers got the O.K. of Hoover-Stimson, le the smooth working of Wall Street's domin- ation. But Senator Johnson, who merely objects to the manner of distributing losses, has not a word to say about the slaughter of Communists in El Salvador or Chile; he has. nothing to say about the wholesale murders of the puppet gov- ernments of the American and British bankers perpetrated against the workers and peasants who feel most of the iron heel of the financial jords, and who suffer most in the present crisis, Senator Johnson's “solution” of the “regu- lation” of foreign investments, of the protec- tion of the “small investor” is designed to help the advance of imperialism to make it more efficient in its enslavement of, the colonial mass- es. For the American workers the struggle against imperialism, for smashing its domination in the colonies as well as at home, is the com- | tucket, R. I. This, too, was an attempt to de- | prive the workers of militant leadership under the cloak of the “deportation” attack. Edith Berkman must be released. ‘The workers of Lawrence must lead in the fight for her freedom. It is part of their fight to stop wage-cuts and win better conditions. ‘The attempts of the capifalist Immigration de- partment to terrorize the textile workers into ever greater hunger and slavery must be answer- ed by rapid building of a mass National ‘Textile Workers Union for a smashing fight against every wage-cut, rotten condition of work, and speed-up, and for Unemployment Insurance, A solid United Front of all textile workers— native and foreign-born, young and old, em- ployed and unemployed—against the black fas- cist line-up of mill-owners, deportation frame- ups, U.T.W. officials, and yellow socialist Mus- teites will bring victory to all textile workers, (ct Rt Starvation Among the Unemployed in Illinois (By Labor Research Assocition) ILLINOIS (Governor Emmerson) there is much destitution in Illinois, none of our people is actually starving, due to uneme Ployment relief funds provided both privately and by the state. We estimate that approxie mately 1,000,000 people in Ulinois are unable to secure employment although able and wille ing to work.” N.Y. Times, March 17, 1932.) With an admission that 1,000,000 are jobless ty Illinois, Governor Emmerson dares to claim | that no one “is actually otarving, due to uneme ployment relief funds.” We let capitalist reee ords answer him and prove that he is delibere ately concealing the facts. Even with only | 1,000,000 jobless,,and this is undoubtedly an une derstatement, there is actual starvation in Tlie nois on @ mass scale. Chicago “Hunger Call” Admits 120,000 Starve. | On Jan. 23, 132, a desperate “Hunger Call” by | the Cook County Emergency Relief Fund for an emergency session of the Illinois Legislature ade mitted that in Chicago alone: “With available unemployment relief cash @F hausted, actual starvation threatens 120,000 fan ilies here unless aid is forthcoming by Feb. 1 With 500,000 destitute, “the city faces rio: unless the state acts.” This Hunger Call wa printed on the front page of the Chicago Daily | News, estimating that “Chicago and Cook County need at least $10,000,000 to care for the poor the rest of the winter.” This amount was supposed to pay the welfare agencies enough to continue food “relief” for about 120,000 families in Chie cago at the rate of 81-3 cents a day per person! -—the average for food relief in the city, accorde ing to Frank D. Loomis, secretary of the Emere gency Relief Commission. ,(Congressional Recs ord, Feb. 2, 1932, page 3181.) So with the threat of hunger “riots” held over its head, the Illinois legislature finally voted early in February $20,000,000 unemployment ree lief for the eni‘re state, or $20 apiece for the 1,000,000 who are Jobless, according te Governor Emmerson’s own acnission. How long would even $20 last a hungry ~an and his family? But, of course, the joviess did not get any~ thing like $20 apiece this winter, for out of the relief funds the agencies pay their own expenses and their own salaries. least $25 a week, and often a great deal more, for “investigating” a worker and his family to bY sure he is hungry enough to get his 8 1-3 cent a day for food. f Even the relief agencies did not claim that the state fund would last except for a fraction of the jobless “for the rest of the winter.” Win- ter is over now. Funds are exhausted again and. no jobs are in sight. i Died of Starvation. Here is the typical story of a worker who tried to get some of that much-touted relief. He tried for six weeks. Every time he was turned down. “The other day he dropped dead in his back yard, raking caves. He died of pure hunger and Dr. Arthur E. Holt, chairman.) grieved to death because everybody turned him down.” (Testimony of a social worker before the Chicago Workers’ Committee on Unemployment, Nor have coal miners in mining districts of illinois seen any of this “relief.” President John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers of Amere ica early in the year admitted that 30,000 miners place to go for relief. Feb, 2, 1932, page 3179.) The Chicago Federation of Labor in Ji adopted a resolution, admitting that: “There is estimated to be 1,100,000 unemploy. men and women wage earners, all of whom are hungry, and a great number at the point of starvation, and it is believed that 100,000 babies go to bed hungry every night; and +. . “there are 14,000 school teachers and 4,000 miscellaneous employes of the Chicago Board of Education without pay since April, 1931.” Such evidence as this, admitting mass starva- | tion, not only in Illinois, but throughout thé | United States, continues for page after page of small type in the Congressional Record of Feb. 2, when Senator La Follette presented it before the U. 8. Senate. The admissions are from publi¢e and private “welfare” agencies and other capl« talist sources. No starvation in Illinois? Let Governor Eme merson step out of his limousine and look into the faces of jobless workers on the streets. (Congressional Record, WHALEY-EATON SERVICE For Clients Only Foreign Letter Copyright February 23, 1932 “France and Japan: Although the French Embassy in Washington, -in- formed Secretary Stimson that rum- ors of a Franco-Japanese understand- ing were false, subsequently semi- official information at Paris invests the denial with a less general and sweeping character. “a. The Communist daily “Huma- nite” alleges knowledge of a Franco- Japanese agreement regarding China, dating from 1910. It charges that this agreement has secret clauses respect- ing a common attitude toward Rus- sia, and that these clauses have been strengthened. “Humanite” also al- leges that the French Government has recently made a loan of 800,000,- 000 yen to Japan, secretly, and that it was this loan which enabled Japan to place large orders for munitions and arms with French manufactur- ing companies. “The foregoing is referred to only because it emphasizes the fact, ac- / cepted in diplomatic circles, that what is happening in the Far East is a clash between Capitalism and Com- unism. If there istany understand- ing between France |and Japan it, probably concerns Communism only, since Commucist activity has become a threat not only inside Japan, but also in French Indo-China.” “ “whil| A relief worker gets at ¢. Y in Illinois were “in dire want,” and had ne ™ |