The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 4, 1932, Page 4

me Re © FUME wy tes Comprocaty Pubishing CQ; Tac, Bally Setent Munday, HE VO- wast Page Fore § isth si New York City. N. ¥Y. ‘Celephone Lgeonquin 47966. Cable “DATWORK." & Address and mall all checks to the Daily Worker, 60 East 18th Street, New York, N. Y. of Manhatian and Bronx, New York SUBSCRIPTION RATES: oe Ky mall everywhere: One year, $6; siz months, $3; two months, 31; excepting Boroughe $8; slx months, $4.50. City. Foreign: ene year, -/Penal Houses of Charity By HARRY RAYMOND CATHOLIC CHARITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, by John O'Gra- dy, National Conference of Catho- ic Charities. PUBLIC POLICY AND PRIVATE CHARITIES, Arlien Johnson, University of Chicago Press by ere are two books that endeavour d at the same time glorify institution whict ify ar ieous the masses of n these boc cessary 5 ibjectiv female social xs, however, if doctor of medicine wor pair of her are g because one n to expose and other, the first being at enlighi as a mediu tigate the ghtent rotestant and the second de- ily anti-catholic. e are advised in the introduction t book, which is written by an in a droning minis- that the Magna Charta charities was written on vet by no lesser personage rist. “We must be con- | nt meanwhile with the splendid re- | cord of a century of organized cha- | rities.” says the bishop. Indeed the | old gentleman invites the hun- unempioyed to nourish their fam- | db on “splendid records of dies the records? ‘hey are the | g histories of orphan asylums, | houses, so-called shelters—all able penal institutions and] forced labor establishments, where | » minds of the inmates are stunted ious poison, where their power is exploited to the utmost | ke profits for the catholic} church, where sex is supressed and verrorism reigns supreme. O’Grady’s book, in tracing the history of these lave colonies, tries to le the truth, unsuce with relig Md., where the nun Elizabeth Seton “visioned bigger and better things,” clearly the bankruptcy of charity re- | marching with déeaying capitalism. to vast religious dope mills and profit making industries in practically every | Vet. He dreams of a day when all the mardhing forward, smashing capi- city in the land cannot be hidden | Workers will be locked up in catholic | taiism, smashing fake charity. Relief, despite the author's glossing over. As these institutions grew they be- | came more closely linked up with the | volitical state, In most every state | hypocritical | [they receive fat subsidies from the {government coffers. They are pert of the police apparatus, in fact, and are used by the capitalist state as prisons for young offenders against capitalist law. ‘The Houses of the Good Shepherd are excellent examples of such types of prisons. Women and young girls are sentenced to these institutions by sourts in many cities in the Uni- States to serve long terms. The Good Shepherd S, says O'Grady, is region and He admits that the girls are and glorifies in the fact t there are no mutinies in the Johnson’s book has something out these institutions also. ut that the program nt “homes’ is less ar- han the catholic insti- he describes the House of rote: tutions the Good Shepherd in Chicago as “a great commercial enterprise, own- ing and operating two large auto trucks for the collection and distri- bution of laundry and netting an in- come in 1918 of $24,000”. The needle 'y flourishes behind the walls of these “hom The income of the House of Good Shepherd in Chicago in 1918 was $97,420.74. The city gives this institution $20,000 a year out of the public treasur Dr. Johnson desc the Chicago House: “The meals of the staff differ from those of the girls in quality as well as variety... The superin- tendent thinks it is very important for the girls to realize that their age and experience do not qualify them for the same quality of meal as that served to the staff members.” The whole history of charities in America as described in both of these books is a history of such penal in- stitutions these Houses of the Good Shepherd. The notorious Chi- cago House of Correction (better known as the Bridewell) is listed in Dr, Johnson’s book as # charity in- stitution. Practically nothing is said in either of the books of actual relief the diet in fully. Their growth trom | given to starving workers. The writers | te carly days from one small Sisters | merely drop the remark that it is | of Charity institution in Emmitsburg, | difficult to induce the public to raise funds for relief. Both books reflect lief. Mr. O'Grady is optimistic, how- “homes.” Dr. Johnson admits that charities are in a bad way. But she thinks they are necessary, She would reform charities. Both writers, however, are march- By 4. MARKOFF | The successful eompletion of 2 [below | six-week training school on a region- }al basis marks another important | Step made by our Party in the direc- | tion of training more cadres of func- tionaries for the movement through the teachings of Marxism-Leninism which is so urgent at the present time. Our Party hag recognized the im- |Portance of theoretical training of {its members a long time ago and it has taken the necessary steps in or- | der to provide such training. The | National Training School held in New York during March, April and May 1931, where 56 workers received | an intensive theoretical schooling for |three months was the biggest job |carried through successfully by our |Party as fer as inner-Party educa- | tion is concerned. It was indeed a heavy burden for the Party to carry, |but the results proved that it was | worth the while. Now with the Re- gional School carried through, in ad- | dition the many district training | schools, week-end classes for party members in N. ¥. and other places, | the study circles introduces into the | units, the better type of discussion in jthe units and the general tendency | to politicalize our activities in the | units, shop nuclei, etc.,—all this will tend to raise the political level of | our membership and will develop |leading cadres for our Party, the |Revolutionary trade unions, mass organization, etc. These are the |merest beginnings and far from sa- tisfying the crying need for the in- tensive political theoretical training | of the Party membership. The good | beginnings show the great possibil- | ities for our Propaganda work. | Composition of Students It is in place at this time to give |@ critical estimation of the Regonal | Training School which terminated early this year. | The school consisted of twenty seven students sent from five dist- ricts, namely: district five <Pitts- | burgh), district six (Cleveland), dist- rict seven (Detroit), district eight | (Chicago) and district nine (Minne- sota). The composition of the stu- dents wag good, 100 per cent proleta- | riam element coming from important industries such as: steel, coal and ‘metal, mining, automobile, building trade, several mechanics and two ing in the same direction. They are | But the proletarian revolution is |not charity, say the masses of work- |ers. Unemployment insurance is the slogan of the struggling workers. One |the U. S. less than ten years. Prac- THE REGIONAL PARTY TRAINING SCHOOL farmers. The average age was much thirty. There were several Y. C. L,’ members between the age of 18 and 21 or 23. With the exception of five or six all were natire born, and of the others only two lived in tically all the students took an active part in the class struggle before they came to the school. Those who came from Pittsburgh received their revolutionary baptism in the coal miners strike in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, etc.; the Chicago group came fresh from the field of the struggles of the uneemployed; many of the other students partici- pated in strikes, unemployed demon- strations, hunger marches and picket lines. The average length of membership in the Party was about six months. Those in the League showed an ave- rage of about a year. Taking this| into account the results gained from the schools are more than gratifying. The districts which sent the students acquired now a new crop of section functionaries who are equipped with 8 certain amount of theoretical knowledge of Marxism-Leninism, who are full of enthusiasm and are an- xious to apply their theoretical train- ing to the practical tasks in the Par- ty or the unions. It now depends whether the respective districts will | make proper use of these students by assigning them to practical work | which will help to develop initiative and revolutionary determination, in other words it is up to the districts to guide the comrades in their work, | school was held in a camp about | Curriculum and Method The curriculum of the Regional | School consisted of three major sub- subjects: Organization Principles and Work; Trade Union Strategy and Tactics; Elements of Leninism. | In addition special lectures were | given .in connection with Youth Work, History of our Party, History of Olass Struggles, the Five-Year Plan, and others. ‘The method employed in the Re- gional School was similar to the were to prepare plans of work, write leaflets, organize mass meetings, or- ganize the distribution of leaflets, shop papers, etc., in connection with a definite campaign. The same pro- cedure has been followed in the class on Trade Union Strategy, the class on Unemployment work (Unemploy- ment work was treated as a special subject, i. e., special time devoted to the organizational phase, to the | study of the Prague Resolution, the Resolution of the C. C.). In the class on Leninism special reports had been assigned to the various groups. one used in the National Training | ‘This method proved to be the cor- School, namely the study groups | rect method, it received the unani- and conferences. The whole class was | mous approval of all the students. divided into groups of five with one] ‘ne groups worked from 11 to 1; comrade as the leader. A whole daY/ rom 1 to 2, lunch: from 2 to 4 an- was given to one subject except OF- | other conference, where the work as- ganization which was given almost| ‘2704 to the groups would be dis. two days. The day was divided a5) Kieceq, By % to.8 ah hour off; follows: time to rise, 7 AM. (the| 5 to 6 individual reading or study- ing. A similar hour was from 10 to 11 p.m. During these reading hours the comrades usually read the Daily | thirty miles from town, the students stayed at the camp all the time). 7:30 physical exercise; 8 breakfast; Worker, the Communist, Inprecorr, from 9 to 11 conference. At the con- | gi, ference the instructor introduces the Bis Gaetan mmbee tone 7 toi) subject, answers questions, and makes | assignments to the groups. These assignments were of two kinds; one reading and studying the material in connection with the given subject, this for all the groups, the other was in the nature of special reports or tasks for each group. For example in the class on Organization, one group would be constituted as a shop nucleus in a given plant, another group as a section committee, a third p. m. group study. Thus there were | two conferences and two study group periods each day. Since the school was in a camp there ‘were other activities, such as taking care of the heating, the clean- ing of dormitories, class room, kitchen duties, work around the) camp, etc. This work was regulated | by the students council elected by the | student body. The students council would choose the various committees | to help them become good bolsheviks. as a street unit, etc. These groups Dangerous The Central Control Commission of the Communist Party has recently taken a very stringen‘ action against a Party member through whose care- lessness the police got hold of certain names and addresses and were en- abled to strike heavy blows against the local organization of the Party and of the Metal Workers’ Industrial League in the Eastern Ohio Section. ‘The member went to speak at a meeting in a small steel town with his pockets crammed full with signed application cards, names and ad- dresses of members, and other’ inner | Materials of the Party and of the Metal Workers’ Industrial League, of which he was an organizer. The result of this flagrant irre- sponsibility and carelessness was that the police, in arresting him, obtained all these names and addresses, pro- ceeded to raid the homes of the could not conceive. of public charities under a Soviet government. members and sympathizers, number of them fired from their Jobs, and succeeded in temporarily The Party Punishes | aries got | for the necessary work each day, it would also carry out disciplinary measures, such as reprimanding or criticising comrades who showed lax- ity in their work. On the whole the | students carried out all tasks well. | The students also elected a Social Committee whose task was to plan blocking certain activities for Saturday night. activity. | If we compare the accomplish- Such irresponsibility cannot be tol- | ments of the Regional School with} erated by the Party. | that of the National Training School, | While this icular member has | taking the same period of time we been severely disciplined the Party | must admit that the Regional School hereby issues a warning also to all| gave better and greater results. This | other Party members and function-|was due first to the fact that we that, under pain of severe | profited from the experience of. the measures, they must take all possible | National school, secondly better or- | steps and precautions which may be | anization of instructors, because of | necessary for the safeguarding and the presence of a comrade assigned protection of Party connections and|by the C. C. to organize, supervise | materials. jand direct the school. | As the best answer to thé attacks | Here, however, we must say by way | and terror of the bourgeoisie and its |Of criticism that the districts which | tools, however, the revolutionary |Sent the students to the Regional workers, far from being intimidated, | School did not fulfill their obliga~ should continue and redouble .their | tions, have not sent funds in time, efforts toward mass work ahd activi- | #04 thus created a difficult situation. tics in spite of all police terror, jail- | The large share of the burden of get- ing, blacklisting and all other means | ting food for the comrades in the of coercion uscd by the capitalists. | School was transferred to district 7. | ‘The comrades in district 7 deserve Central Control Commission, Irresponsibility all further organization | easily than formerly. N. ewTechni in Coal By ANNA ROCHESTER, Author of “Labor and Coal” For coal mine workers under capi- talism, progress in the mechanical technique of coal mining has meant the displacement of thousands of | workers for whom there are no jobs | in other industries. It has brought | a sharp speeding-up of work for | those employed in the highly me- chanized. mines. It has increased | the hazards for the workers. ‘Tech- | nical progress in American coal | i has been incide: 1 to the chaos of capitalist competition and each employer's determination to ex- tract the greatest possible profit from the workers in his coal mines. Mechanical undercuttir of coal in the seam was first, about fifty years ago, but il devel- oped slowly. In 1913 only balf of the bituminous tonnage was cut by machine and even in 1930 about 20 | per cent of the deep-mined bitumin- | ous output was either cut by a hand- | | pick or shot down without previous cutting. In recent years the cutting machines have been adapted to more different situations; they work more | rapidly and are moved about more So the number of machines in use actually deciined by 30 per cent from 1923 to 1929 al- though the total machine cut ton- nage was increasing. The anthracite seams in Pennsyl- | vania have offered great obstacles to | mechanization and as yet. less than | 2 per cent of the anthracite tonnage | is cut by machine. The first loading machine in a commercial imine was installed in 1922. Several different types of ma~ | chines are now in use. Some elim- | inate all hand shoveling except for | incidental cleaning-up; others re- quire hand shoveling on to the lower end of a conveyor which then lifts | the coal into the coal car. About 10 per cent of the bituminous tonnage was mechanically loaded in 1930. In some coal fields, where the coal | lies near the surface, “strip pits” are | in operation. The overburden of soil | and rock is removed and the coal is | dug in the open air with enormous | power shovels. These large strip pits | are a recent development and never | could become the general method of mining. In 1930 about 20,000,000 | tons, or 4.3 per ‘cent of the total) bituminous oytput, were mined in| strip pits. Motor haulage (usually electrical) has replaced mules on the main haulage ways of all but the smallest underground mines. Even for the gathering of cars from single rooms and side entries mules are being sup- much credit. They took the problem Communist Party of the U.S.A. planted by small electric locomotives equipped usually with cable reels. ue Mining A few mines are using belt conveyors to carry the coal from the working face to a permanent haulage way, According to the last figures avail- able, at least 85 per cent of the bituminous output comes from mines with one or more electric locomotives and 33 per cent comes from mines in which no animals are used. Power drilling of shot Holes is also being rapidly extended. For power ing and machine cutting, elec= trically driven machines are dis= placing the older types of machines driven by compressed air. The closed electric cap light at- tached to a small battery carried on the miner's back is now generally used in mines known to be gatsy. It gives a better light than the old safely lamp in which the flame was protected by sheets of metal gauze, and is much safer than the opr . flame carbide light. This is popiar with employers as the one safety measure which they can make the miners pay for directly. At the tipple, hand picking tables for sorting out rock from bituminous coal are still used at most mines, but many companies have been in- stalling elaborate equipment for washing the coal or cleaning it by a pneumatic em. This is consid- ered a necessary supplement to un- derground loading by machine. In the axthracite fields, the new giant “breakers” (for cleaning and sort- ing) have been the most important, tec inical factor in displacement of work-rs, ‘Tech. ‘cal progress has brought in the Unite.’ States an increase in cer- tain types ©. hazards for the miners. Power lines a. often left exposed, with the dangers of fatal contact with the current ond of sparking that may lead to an ermlosion, Much electrical machinery is installed which is not of the approved explosion- proof type. Speeding-up of haulage without safeguards to proteet the workers has increased underground traffic accidents. Rapid: scheduling of work has meant criminal neglect of roof safety. Mining engineers know that these hazards ate unneces- sary. Safety for the workers can be achieved under the most complex conditions of high mechanization. But operators refuse to pay the price of providing safe conditions and the capitalist state does not compel them to protect. the workers, Set quotas, start revolution- ary competition, in fight to jof the school seriously. save Daily Worker. COMMUNIST PARTY RECRUITING DRIVE.-.-- January lth to March 18th, 1932 SELF-SATISFACTION, ILE - CRITI- CISM, AND THE RECRUITING DRIVE By DAVID GORDON, understand our strength and shortcomings is essential towards properly orientating our- selves to the Party activity. Proper orientation to and carrying through of our tasks is the pre- requisite for the best recruitment into the Party. Such an understanding of strength and weak- ness is hindered, however, by a self-satisfied at- titude towards work accomplished and lack of elf-criticism. This is exemplified in District 6, and, no doubt, in other districts. examine the election campaign in I From an agitational point of view, from the point of view of arousing a wide sen- timent extremely favorable to the Party, with eption of the general literature sale: campaign was one of the best ever conducted: by the Party in any major city. Thousands of workers were speaking about our campaign. Thousands of workers attended the various mass meetings; thousands more received our cain- paign meterial But the number recruited into the Party as a result of the campaign was not more than 60, and this number included work ers joining the P: sections situated out- side Cleveland. Comrades were justifiably enthusiastic about the results and about the campaign as @ whole. More than 5,000 votes were officially recorded in tor the Party candidate.. But the activities were. +80 much centered about a political struggle alone, that the vital need for organizational results were, in practice, considered of secondary portance. Rooting the election campaign in the shops was only superficially done. Therefore no recruiting from the shops as a result of the cam- paign. In spite of this, comrades overlook the weak- nesses of the campaign and stress primarily the gains. While it is absolutely necess: gain, at the same time partic ress must laid on weaknesses. Why? Because v in the campaign, and not the strong it, are what caused too few organizational sults—not to speak of the possibility of having reached even wider masses of workers. ‘The tendency to harp mainly on the gains, “aids” in losing our perspective because it amounts to a self-administering of the dangerous drug of self-satisfaction and lack of self-criti- cism, This was not only expressed In regards to the election campaign, but also in regard to the re cruiting drive. In a previous article, I quoted from the Recruiting Drive resulution of district 6 words to the effect that the Party recruiting drive is not considered complete complete unless the Party recruits the quota set for the YCL. ‘The quota set was 500. ‘The number recruited, according to the last Recruiting Drive Bulletin, im- to claim every | is 4 At the last District Buro meeting, exception was taken to this figure It was stated that more were recruited, as in Toledo, Akron, Cleve- land. The League agreed that more application cards were given to it by the Party, but that the initiation was not paid. Surely, in spite of all the insistence, By MYRA PAGE. Our Correspondent in Moscow /F you want really to see what the new life in the Soviet Union means, then go to its youth. Here you meet the fresh outlook of genera- tions who’ve never known capitalist oppression. Neither have their minds suffered from the dis- tortions and misguidance wW&ich, for instance, passes for education in the business-controlled schools of the United States. These children were born into a free workers society, they have been nourished by its comradeship. In spite of many difficulties that have to be overcome, such as shortage of forces and insuf- ficient equipment, the Soviet government is do- ing all in its power to guarantee the youth a well-rounded, proletarian education so that they can take their full part, both today and in future | years, as active builders of socialism. Because fo all this, Soviet children of even. eight and nine years have.s way of looking at | things, a grasp on life that.actually astounds those who come into contact with them for the first time. Seasoned Comimunists, both here and abroad, find that these youngsters have much to teach them. They are human products of the new era, the off-spring of the victorious revolu- tion. Entire books can and will be written about Soviet youth. Here % is possible to give only some of the experiences which was had at a Children’s Town in Odessa. Natasha ‘This self-governing commune is composed of twelve hundred children who had been orphaned by the years of civil war and famine, which lasted in the Ukraine until about s decade ago. For this purpose the Soviet government had set. aside some twenty houses with their gardens. ‘These had formerly belonged to wealthy Odessa. manufacturers and bankers, but after the. revo~ lution they had become public property. Under . the skilled, comradely guidance of their leaders, the orphaned children set out developing them- elves und their common life Among them was Natasha. Her father had been killed during the imperialist World War, her mother had died a few years later. So Natasha has been # member of the commune since three years of age. Now she is a girl of thirteen. — Sen Sn ee | these cannot be considered YCLers, just as many applications secured by the YCL itself, for which no initiation stamps were paid, cannot be con- sidered members, Even the Party does not con- sider workers as members until initiation is paid and they are attached to a basic organization. But let us grant that those secured by the Party are actually all in the YOL. This would not amount to more than a dozen additional members. After a month of the recruiting drive, can this be considered recruiting into the YCL and living up to the slogan: The Party Drive is not fulfilled successfully unless the YCL quota is as well received? And even those few re- | cruited individually and not on the basis of Party struggles. Also, not one of those recruited SOVIET CHILDREN’S Members of the children’s town of Odessa in a conference, listening to the plan for socialist competition with the children’s town at Kiev, These children, orphaned by the Civil War and years of famine, or by early death of their parents, receive in htese self-governing communi- ties a free and all-round training and development. ‘We meet Natasha by chance in one of the study rooms at the Commune She is intent over her books, her fair hair half covering her face. Look~ ing over her shoulder, we’ see it’s a chemistry problem that she’s working out. Soon we are talking in low whispers, so as not to disturb the others. “How is life here?” s © repeats our question, her face lighting up. ‘Oh, yes, it is very good.” She speaks quickly of ull their activities, of what | they are learning, and how the children run their ‘Town. “And how is tt for the children like us in America?” she asks us. Her face saddens as she listens to what we have te answer. ) lancet et ell i oe ok “Natasha, what are you most interested in? What do you want to be when you grow up?” Before she can reply her neighbors at the table say, “Oh, she'll be a Red engineer. She’s smart, Natasha is.” ‘They grin at her, she’s been chosen. by them as the Pioneer President of their Com- mune. (There are twelve self-governing Com- munes in the ‘Town, where the children of vari- | ous age groups learn threveh practi the prin- ciples of collectiye life and comradely self- cipline). Natasha blushes, and lifts her clear, alert gaze. “What I want to be is a factory worker.” The other children agree, that also is their great ambition. Maybe in the factory , are from any of the several mills where the Party has shop nuclei, Emphasis then on the fact that the YCL does not know its arithmetic, that it didn’t reckon all the members secured indirectly, raising more incorrectly the question that paid initiations must be considered as recruitment by the Party into the YCL, these things over-emphasize an. some will be promoted to position of engineer or director. ‘When again outside, one of the Commune’s teachers tell us, “Some years ago, when children were asked, they used to answer that they want- ed to become professors or functionaries, and carry brief-cases under their arm. This is much healthier.” ‘Yes. Unconsciously the youth have testified to the well-known truth, recently referred to by Comrade Stalin when he said, “Labor today in the Soviet Union is a badge of honor.” ‘Training Through Interests We visit the various laborites, such as photo, radio, electric, wood, metal, cardboard and tex- tile where the children, organized in brigades, carry on the activities that every boy and girl loves to do, All the activities serve some useful purpose. For the older ones, those from twelve to sixteen years these activities take on the character of special training; the boy or girl working from four to six hours every other day at his chosen task. Around this major interest, of useful labor (which is carefully planned as to conditions, duration and character, so that the young learn- er receives only benefits from his efforts), the other activities of the school program are group- ed. Training in the natural sciences receives also great attention, being combined with many outdoor trips, and care of animal pets. The third major interest, or “project” as it ds called, con- cerns training in the secial sciences—the role and relations of various classes in society to one another, how community life in Soviet so- ciety is organized, and so forth. Here likewise practical activities are combined with theoretical training so that the youth have this deepest in- terest in and understanding of what they are learning. : As we'd say in the States, it’s the real stuff. Nick Leads His Orchestra ‘Toward the end of the afternoon we drop in on the children’s music hour. In the house to which we go first the twenty-five children, with their leader, are playing gamcs in a circle, This is a seven-cight year old group. We slip into chairs along the wall, the children smile at us shyly but go on with their play. Now, as the leader strikes up @ revolutionary song on the piano, they line up two by two, iis a, actual ghost of recruitment and completely forget the weaknesses in the dive. These weaknesses were due to an over-esti- mation of the YCL consciousness among the Party members. When Party-YCL relations on the top were not the best, when only through persistent work was attitude on the Party of especially the Party leadership and then also the YCL changed, the quota set was too high; it was an over-estimation of the ability to mobilize ideologically and organizationally the Party membership for the fulfillment of the 500 quota. Such an attitude towards recruitment is not one of self-criticism and in practice amounts to the dangerous attitude of self-satisfaction. While it may be true that in certain cases it was due to Party aid that certain new units were begun, as in Newcastle, Pa., and in the Mayfield section of Cleveland, none were recruited by Party shop nuclei into the YCL during the drive. In order to overcome an attitude of self- satisfaction, we must come to a practical as well as theoretical understanding of the need for self- crisicism. This means that recognition of short+ comings must be made not only in words but in deeds to overcome these shotrcomings. with their small Red flags over their shoulders, ‘They march and sing lustily. Here, as before, we notice their well-clad feet, their warm clothes, and well cared for little bodies. Next there’s a singing game in which they makes gestures, showing how the peasants worked before they had collectives—“oh so badly, each by himself,” and how they work now. One little boy, named Nick, who often leads the line, keeps grinning to himself, as though hugging some fine secret He's impatient for somethnig to happen. Soon it does happen. ‘The children sit in a half circle, each one is given a small instrument to play—triangle, Spanish castanet, and one. proud drum. The leader nods—and out steps little Nick to lead this young orchestra. How he leads it too! The children, all eyes on their conductor play the “Internationale” “March of the Red Army,” and overture to Carmen. It is really remarkable, their sense of rythm and the effects they get. After Nick, other leaders trom the circle 2re chosen—this is no one-or-two-man affair, where only a few children get the chance to develop. Before we leave the woman leader asks the children, “What do you want to ask or tell these comrades who come from lands far away?” Immediately many hands shoot up. First they want to know about workers’ childrén in other countries, how they live, are they happy, like they are here? Do they have Pioneers there, do they celebrate May Day? At the end they make short speeches, ‘Take back our greetings to all the workers’ children in your countries,” Nick says, his face red with the affors of speaking befor strangers. “Tell them how we live. We hope that soon they will have no more bosses but will ajl have shoes and Plenty to cat, lke us here.” em mre we | a t