The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 3, 1932, Page 4

E Paditehed by the Com Tage Four w ¥ A ae ss and mail al rodaily Publishing Ca, lephone ALgenquin 4-7956. Cable Inc, dally Gacept Sunday, at © Bast cks to the Daily Worker, 50 East 13th Street, New York, N.Y. “DATWORK” SUBSCRIPTION RATHS: Foreign: By mail everywhere: One year, $6; s!x months, $3; two months, $1: of Manhattan and Bronx, New York City. one year, $3; excepting Boroughs six iontha, $4.50. - FACTS FOR INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY = Conditions of ee Women in the Uinited States of America white women. Over two mill work in the U. S. A laborers, domest orkers, in the tobacco factor textile laundries, and clothing factories. the longest hours, do the dirtiest eaviest work, under the worst conditions, nd for the lowest wages, the average wage for Negro working women being $5.52 a week in 1930. m Rationalization—Wage Cuts. Women predominate in industries where the peed-up is most intense. for women have go: cent. s have been lengthened. In five state 10 lew limiting the number of workir for women. In other states laws lin s from 48 to 70 hours a week. Night w omen exists in two-thirds of the states, < + vicious women’s organization (subsidized by Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, wife of one of America’ ch men) the Equal Rights organi: (ying to introduce it everywhere. T thirds of the states do not require a t women, and three-fourths do 1 juire a rest day. Unemployment. the army of twelve mi er two million are women. ied and Negro women Many women work in highly tries with periodic lay-offs. Age of 27 is deadline for hiring women work- me down from 30 to unemployed dismissa|. seasonal indus No social insurance. No relief to single, @ nployed women. Less than 1 per cent of are affected even by the “benefit” plans vate anies, No protection for the d children of unemployed men workers. Standard of Living. S, unemployment, stagger plan, etc. Decrease cost of living only ¢ to 6 per cent through riod. Insanity, disease, suicide, deaths ation broke all records im 1931. is of thousands of women driven ‘to conditions magnified for the Negro oman; high rents and unsanitary housing in ted neighborhoods and special discrimin- Unemployment No unemployment. Social insurance for erery | worker. Maternity insurance for all women workers, al- lowing them two months vacation with fall pay before and after childbirth. The Labor Code prohibits the discharge of pregnant women or refusal to give back former jobs after confinement. On return te. work, nen are allowed one-half hour every three hours to nurse the child, which is taken care | of while the mother is at work in the factory nursery. | After childbirth a special fund is provided to | buy clothes for the child, and @ special milk allowance is added to the wages for six months. Thess grants come from the socla! insurance fund, which is non-contributory for workers. Rationalization—Wage Cuta Increased rationalization is urged, not that orker may be deprived of her job through I roduction of machinery, but that the fac- ‘y productivity may be increased, thus Tesult- ing in shorter hours and higher wages. Production is carried on for the benefit of the working population, not for profit. No night work for women. In heavy industries, women are allowed to work in only those departments where there is spe- 1 provision for them. Seven-hour working day, with 14 days to a month's annual holigay with full pay. Increase of Number of Women in Industry. In 1931, two million women workers were | freshly recruited into industry. | In order that women may not be forced to carry the double butdem of work in the home and work in the factory, there are attached te IN THE U. S. §. R.—CHILDREN IN THE NURSERY THAT 18 A PART OF EVERY FACTORY International Women’s Day 1932 ANNA DAMON, |, Senne 8TH, International Women’s Day is approaching. Jt is a historie day of strug gle against the capitalist oppression and perialist war. International Women's Day, 1932, will be ca ried out under two totally different systems. the Soviet Union, the country of growing cialism covering one-sixth of the world, and in the capitalist c decaying capitalism On March 8tt 2, the working and peas women of the Soviet Union celebrate with joy the suce the plan, their ful political and freedom which they the overthrow of the capital- system and the establishment of a Soviet In 5-year onomic government In the United States, International Women’s Day, 1932, March 8th will be a mighty demon stration against the boss government of hunger and war—against imperialist war and for de fonse of the Chinese masses and the Sovic Union Against Low Wages. Negro and white working w: Eleven mil- liom of you are now wage-earners. You are forced to work in the mills and factories from 9 to 15 hours a day for the miserable wage of “$5 to $10 a week. ‘The inhuman speed-up, n work, unsanitary conditions, sonel social Insurance has ur reduced your co ) You have participated heroically in the st against wage cuts, and increased exploit 0! in Lawrence, Paterson, N. Y. Dress Strike, Pitts burgh and Kentucky Strikes. You bravely fought back the brutal terror of the bosses, the govern ment, the A. F. L. agents end the leaders of the Socialist Party, in your fight against wage cuts and for unemployment inst against lynchings and deportations. You have many victims of U. 5. capitalist class rule, Ella Ma Wiggins, mother of five children, was murderer in eold blood by the textile barons of the Tedey, Comrade Edith Berkman, Natior tile Union organizer, is in jail, pending deporta tion to fascist Poland. Nine women organizer: in the Kentucky strike area, have been thrown in jail and kept there since the beginning of the strike. Many New York Dress strik- axe are in jail now because they dare to strike , against sweatshop conditions. Jobless Miseries Grow. Of the twelve million unemployed workers in the U. S. over two million gre women eomplete- ly dependent on miserable inadequate charity relief. Many of those who are still in the fac- | tories are working only part time Mast work- ing women get a half or two-thirds of the pay | of men for the same jobs. You are in constant | fear of losing your job. Working women—Negro and white! Interna- | tional Women’s Day this year comes aj a time when all the capitalist powers, including the United States, are in grip of a terrific economic crisis, the worst in the history of the world. ‘The bosses are trying to throw the burden of this crisis upon the shoulders ef the working | class. ‘Today, the imperialist powers are looking toward war as the capitalist way out of the crisis. Soviet Workers Build Socialism. But while there is chaos, unemployment and tisery in the capitalist countries—one country, the Soviet Union, is building up a new society. ‘The first 5-year plan is being successfully cont: pleted in four years; the second 5-Year Plan has been launched which will completely destroy the remnants of capitelism in the Soviet Union. Unemployment has been abolished; the condi- | tions of the workers are constantly improving. In all of the gains of the workers of the So- viet Union, the women have received the great- est benefits. ‘The Soviet Union is tle only coun- t vorld where the women are really e equally with the men in the building of Socialism. The women workers re- | ceive the same wages as the men—the slogan of - “equal pay for equal work” has become « reality n the Soviet Union. Women there ‘have the political and economic rights as ‘the men. | All of these gains of the women and the entire working class have been made possible only by ihe overthrow of the capitalist eystem, and the establishment of » Soviet Government. The imperialist powers, headed by the United tes, hate the Soviet, because it has chown to do away with musery and because it has proven the super- Socialist planned economy over capi- n the free. ‘They orkers how ploitation, arity of orking women! War has begun im the Far ‘Terrible crimes are bemg committed sat the Chinese messese—defenseless women Lowered from 32 to 25 per cent through wage ers and agitators acquaint themsefves in detail with the conditions under which women work in the United States, their special exploitation, and the methods used by the capitalists to mobilize them for the coming imperialist women have been completely freed. ation force even greater misery on the Negre working women. Effects on Children. No provision or protection is afforded for children whose parents are unemployed. Sixty With International Women’s Day approaching it is important that speak- war. In contrast to these conditions are the living and working conditions for women in the Soviet Union where capitalism has been overthrown, and the per cent (13 million) of the children in the U. S. A. are undernourished. Mobilization For War. | ‘The large number of women in industry and A YOUNG WOMAN IN THE LABORATORY OF A SOVIET FACTORY the factory large kitchens which serve meals to workers, and have ereches and’ kindergartens for children. Exploitation. ‘There is no exploitation ‘by a capttalist class. Sacra events affecting women are taking place in industry as part of the whole | campaign of the employers to lower the living standards of the working class. Under the guise of “freedom and political equality for women” the employers are drawing | into industry women NOT on an equal basis with men but in competition against them. This brings the problem of uniting the men and women in a common struggle for better working and Wving conditions ‘and calls for special attention to the question of winning the ‘women workers into trade union and. political activity against the capitalist class. Methods of the Bosses. To illustrate the methods of the employers in reducing the living standards of the worker by introducing women into industry in competition against men let us consider what happened in a metal products factory in Ohio. ‘The Ohio Corrugated Company. ‘The factory formerly employed only men. ‘They were paid by the hour for, their labor. ‘The wage scale was from 48 to 65 cents per hour. When the employers started to attack the wages of the workers in the factory, due to the small size of the shop, they did not dare to. cut the wages of the men dircctly, but in an organized and fast manner discharged about ..) of the men and children are brutally murdered by Japanese imperialism. Japan with the full cooperation of the United States and other imperialist powers is waging a war against China and is pre paring for war against the Soviet Union witli open acts of provocation, such as the seizure of parts of the Chinese Bastern Railway, the oc- cupation of Manchuria embargoes on Soviet goods. While the imperialist war rages, the hypo- critical imperialist war-makers are staging a “disarmament” conference in Geneva. They are using this conference as a means of diverting the attention of the working class from reali- ties, in order to raise a smioke-sereen fur the war acts and: war preparations. None of the imperialist powers have any in tention of reducing their war machinery. ‘The Soviet proposal for total disarmament has been turned down at the conference of the League of Nations, and will be turned down in Geneva. In emoke-screening its war preparations, the Hoover government finds fts'best allies in the officials of the Socialist Party, the leaders of the women’s pacifist, movement, the American Federation of Labor. ‘Those conscious support- ers of the capitalists, Norman Thomas, William Green, Matthew Woll, Carrie Chapman Catt, and others, are full of praise for the “Noble de- sires of the imperialist: governments at the Gen- eva conference. ‘They try to fool the workers into believing that peace is possible under capi- talism. Tt is among women that pavifists reeetve the Steatest support. Messes of women who are sincerely interested in peace, are being misied by the pacifist leaders, ‘The militaristic women's organizations, the YMCA, the Daughters of the American Reyolu tion, the Betsy Ross Air Corps, are controlled by the war departinent. ‘They have increased their activities many fold and are trying to get, support among the masses of working women in the factories for the coming world slaughter. Worl class women, Negro and white! You are the ones who pay the heaviest penalties in 58 iC Every effort is made to draw women into in- dustry, with wages equally with those of men workers, and with special facilities for married women. Free rest homes and sanatariums. “Equality” for Women As a Cover for An Attack on Living Standards | and hired women in the place. The remain- | ing 10 of the men were given “instructors’ jobs” | to teach the women to operate the machines. | They thought their Jobs safe and looked upon the move of the employers as a promotion. But just as soon as the women learned to operate the machines all the men lost their jobs. ‘Today the whole factory (employing 100 work- ers) is operated by women and the wage scale | has been reduced from 65 cents per hour (what | the men received) to 18 to 22 cents. ‘The wives of many of the men formerly em- ployed in the factory are now in their husbands’ place but bringing home a starvation pay-en- | Yelope for the same work. | The Metal Workers Industrial League has en- | tered the situation calling on the women to or- | ganize and demand the former wage scale un- | | | | | | der the slogan of “equal pay for equal work.” ‘The Communist Party calls upon the women workers to demonstrate on International Wo- men’s Day, March 8th! Working women and wives of workers in the metal industry! Take part in the economic | struggles of the workers in the revolutionary unions of the Trade Union Unity League! Join the Communist Party—the leader of the class battles of the toilers of both sexes, of the struggles of the Negro and white workers! ee the bosses’ wars. Already you are being trained Yor the imperialist war. You work in the very industries that produce munitions and poison gasses—the munitions plants, the rayon and chemical industries. Don't be fooled into an other bosses’ war! Join the Communist | against imperialist wars! Working men and women, Negro and white! Prepare organiza- tionally to defeat the plans of the bosses for a war against the Soviet Union. Organize together | with the men workers, in the shops and fac- | tories, to fight for better conditions! Tight ainst dismissals of married and Negro women, murderous speed-up and part-time work. De- mand equal pay for equal work, equal rights for Negroes and whites. doin the Industrial Union: Trade Union Unity League! Demonstrate on March éth ainst the Hoover government of Hunger and War. Fight for immediate unemployment relief, for federal unemployment insurance, for social and ma- ternity insurance for working and farm women, | for free food and clothing for children of the Parly which tights agi Ss and Leagues of the unemployed workers. Strengthen the fight | against evictions, and high cost of living. | Make Mareh 8th a day of struggle against the wave of political reaction. Demand the release ‘ of Edith Berkman, Tom Mooney, the nine Scottsboro boys and all the class and lynch-law victims. Support the heroic strike of the Ken- tucky coal miners and dressmakers. Men and women workers, Negro and’ white! Demonstrate your class solidarity with the emancipated women in the U. 8. 8. R. Carry on the revolutionary struggles of International s Day. Join tn demonstrations that will # chain of working class solidarity for reycluiionary strugglo against imperialist wars; for the defense of the Soviet Union and the Chinese masses. Join the Communist Party of the United States, the only Party that fights for ths interests of the exploited workers and farmers and for emancipation from capitalist rule. Se, SOR Sy plants make it possible’ for the bosses to con- vert the factories into war plants without hav- ing to train new workers, and without delay. Factories in the war industries are working on a semi-military basis. Workers are under rigid discipline. Sixty per cent of the workers in the rayon industry are women; this industry can be con- verted for the manufacture of war explosives overnight. Sixteen thousand factories have already been listed by the U. S. government to determine what they will do when war breaks out. All they need is the signal and they are ready Conditions of Working Women in the Soviet Union > Free medical treatment and medical insurance with full wages paid in case of sickness. Standard of Living. Standard of living constantly rising. Wages \ going up, with continual increase in quality of goods. Prostitution has practically been abolished. Civil marriage and no differentiation between official and actual marriage as regards rights of children. Birthrate is highest in the world. All visitors marvel at health and happiness of the children. Effects on Children. In 1931, approximately five million children were cared for in special institutions, while ten million will be taken care of in 1932. In 1932, approximately 90 per cent of all chil- dren of school age are to be reached by com- pulsory schooling. There are more children’s nurseries in the Soviet Union than in all the capitalist countries put together. Mobilization For War. Approximately seven million women have joined the Avsoviakim, a mass organization for the defense of the Soviet Union against, imper- jalist military attack. Women sre taught to shoot, and use a gas mask. Organization of Women. Four million women workers are organized in the trade unions. In the capitalist United States women are doubly exploited, working in the home and in the factory, being used by the bosses to beat down wages, and to supplant the labor of men. In the Soviet Union, women are induced to participate in production, every precaution being taken for the health, and the care of their chil- dren, the whole living and cultural standard is being rapidly raised. By Y. I. LENIN. ‘HE most important and the chief task of Bol- shevism and of the Russian October revolu- tion consists precisely in drawing into the process of government those who were the most op- pressed under capitalism. In the bourgeois- democratic republics, as well as in the mon archies, the capitalists oppress, betray and rob the working masses. This oppression, this be- trayal, this robbery of the power of the people by the capitalis e inevitable, as long | as there ex'sts ty in and, fectories and shops. ‘The essence of Bolshevism, the essence of Soviet rule, consists in the fact that the lies and hypocrisy of the bourgeois democracy are ex- posed, that private property in land, in factories and in shops is abolished, that the entire state power is gathered in the hands of the toiling and exploited masses. They themselves, these masses, from now on decide the policy, that is, they take into their own hands the building of the new society, That is a very difficult task; the masses are oppressed and downtrodden by capitalism, are robbed of the free play of their powers; but there is and can be no other way out of wage slavery, out of the slavery of capital- ism. - And these masses can in no way be drawn into the exercise of power unless women are also crawy into power, for the female half of man- kind is doubly oppressed under capitalism. ‘The woman worker aid the woman peasant bear the yoke of capitalism and have not even “equal rights” in the most democratic of the bourgeois republics, for the law does not give them the same rights as men; secondly, and this is the chief point, they bear also the chains of “house- hold slavery.” They remain “household slaves,” for there presses upon them the yoke of the pettlest, dirtiest, heaviest slavery, they are chained to that work which most of all deadens and dulls human beings—housework and kitchen work; and the burden of individual housekeep- ing cheins them to whe spot. The Bolsheviks, the proletarian revolution of the Soviets, have hacked away the roots of the oppression and inequality of women as no other Party and no other revolution: in the world has dared to do. ‘There remains in the law of Soviet Russia no faintest trace of the with men jin civil to start | © the growing number of women in the munition 0m already-decided war orders, Increased activities of patriotic women’s of ganization wh: ave spreading their influence, not only among housewives, but among factory workers. These organizations are the Red Cross, Salva- tion Army, Daughters of the American Revoln- tion, Betsy Ross Corps, Women’s Auxiliaries of the American Legion, Girl Scouts, etc. Their anti-working class propaganda, with its demands for increased armaments, and strengthening of national defense, and fascism, their training of women to shoot, te pilot aire planes, are all part of their program to prepare women for active participation in the next war for imperialist conquest. In addition to these open activities of the patriotic organizations, is the campaign for dis~ armament being waged by the pacifist women’s groups, as the Committee for the Cause and Cure of War, Women’s Trade Union League, headed by the Socialist, Rose Schneiderman, the Council of Jewish Women, Federation of Wom- en’s Clubs, etc. These organizations provide the smoke-screess of talk about disarmament, while active prep- arations for the next war are being carried out by the government, thus keeping these activities in the background, that there may be no agita~ tion against them, all attention being centered on disarmament petitions and demands. Women workers hold a very strategic position in wers. They carry on the industries, the food supply, the transportation system, while the men are at the front. In the next, war, the womex will do actual fighting. OrganizaHon of Working Womes. i Of eleven irilion women workers in the U. & only 4 per ct$ are skilled workers. Lack of organization mai °+ these women, skilled as well ss unskilled specia. ‘argets for exploitation. Of these eleven million \ -rkers only 63,000 are ore ganized: 50,000 in Amer. ~» Federation of Labor Unions, under the Wo.icn’s Trade Union League; 8,000 in independer unions; 5,000 sf the revolutionary unions. No Negro women in the A. FP. @& % uniong, and only a very small percentage fw the revos lutionary unions. A. F. of L. refuses to organize working women and discriminates against masses of unskilled women workers. Organized women total only one-half of ¥ per cent of all the working women. This is the lowest percentage in the world. In Germany, 25 per cent of the women ane) organized; in Great Britain 20 per cent; Japam, 9 per cent and in France, 4 per ver | if IN THE U. S. A—CHILDREN PLAYING IN SAME OYSTER SHED WHERE THEIR MOTHERS ARE WORKING International Women’s Day ing, subtle, hypocritical inequality in marriage and family rights, inequality in rélation to the children—these have been completely abolished by the Soviet Republic. This is only the first step towards the eman- cipation of women. Yet not one of the bour- geois, not one of the most democratic of the republics, has dared to take even this first step, it has not dared to do so because of its awe bs- fore sacred “private property.” The second and most important step corisista in the abolition of private properly in land, in the factories and shops. In this way, and only in this way, will the path be opened for the complete and real emancipation of women, for their liberation from “household slavery,” by means of the transition from individual house+ hold economy to collective economy. ‘This transition is difficult. For it 1s a matter here of overcoming the deepest-rooted, the mosk traditional, the best-supported “order of things,” in order to show the truth: degradation and barbarity, but no “order.” But this transition has already been begun, the wheels have been put in motion, we have set our feet upon the new path. And on International Women’s Day numerous meetings of women, in all countries of the world, will greet Soviet Russia, which has begun the unbelievably difficuli, but great, enormously great work of the real liberation ." women. Stire ving appeals will be heard not to © courege in face of the threatening and terrible .. “rgeois reaction. But the more “free” and “democi.:;°” @ bourgeois country is, the more fiercely do the capitalists threaten the rebellious workers. An example of this is given by the democratic re- public of the United States of America. But the mass of workers has already awakened. Ths imperialist war has awakened both in Europe and America, i lag as in backward Asia, the slumbering ma: Xn all ends of the earth the ice has been broken, ‘The liberation of the peoples from the ycke of imperialism, the freeing cf the prole- tariat’ men and women from the yoke of capi- talism gocs on unceasingly. Hundreds of mil- lions: of proletarian men and women, peasant men and peasant women, carry the revolution forward. And for this reason the Wberation of labor from the chains er Vistorious all over the